FR2971472A1 - Vehicle i.e. four-wheeled hybrid vehicle, has electric machine for recovering energy on level of exhaust of vehicle, and two voltage level inverter associated with energy storage element and connected with electric machines - Google Patents

Vehicle i.e. four-wheeled hybrid vehicle, has electric machine for recovering energy on level of exhaust of vehicle, and two voltage level inverter associated with energy storage element and connected with electric machines Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2971472A1
FR2971472A1 FR1151270A FR1151270A FR2971472A1 FR 2971472 A1 FR2971472 A1 FR 2971472A1 FR 1151270 A FR1151270 A FR 1151270A FR 1151270 A FR1151270 A FR 1151270A FR 2971472 A1 FR2971472 A1 FR 2971472A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
energy
electric machine
inverter
storage element
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FR2971472B1 (en
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Pierre Calippe
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K6/485Motor-assist type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The vehicle (11) has an exhaust circuit (20) for evacuating combustion gases of an internal combustion engine (17) towards an exterior of the vehicle. An electric machine (22) assists the engine for traction, and is used as an alternator during braking of the vehicle. Another electric machine (23) associated with an exhaust turbine (25), and recovers energy at the level of exhaust of the vehicle. A two voltage level inverter (24) is associated with an energy storage element (27) e.g. battery, and super-capacitor system. The inverter is connected with the two electric machines.

Description

VEHICULE MUNI D'UN SYSTEME DE RECUPERATION ET DE RESTITUTION D'ENERGIE [1] DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTION [2] L'invention concerne un véhicule muni d'un système de s récupération d'énergie cinétique lors des phases de freinage du véhicule et de récupération d'énergie des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur thermique ainsi qu'un système de restitution de ces énergies. [3] L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse dans le domaine des véhicules hybrides. io [04] ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE [5] Il est connu qu'un véhicule automobile hybride comprenne un moteur thermique servant à la traction du véhicule et une machine électrique assistant le moteur thermique lors de la traction du véhicule. [6] La machine électrique qui assiste le moteur thermique lors de la ls traction peut également fonctionner en alternateur lors des phases de freinage. L'énergie emmagasinée dans ce mode de fonctionnement est stockée dans un élément de stockage d'énergie tel qu'une batterie ou un réseau de super-condensateurs pour être ensuite restituée à la machine électrique et aider à la traction du véhicule. Cet élément de stockage est 20 d'autant plus lourd et volumineux que la tension de ce système de récupération et de restitution d'énergie est élevée. La tension d'un tel système est ainsi de l'ordre de 150 Volts pour satisfaire aux contraintes d'encombrement de l'élément de stockage. [7] Un autre système connu consiste à récupérer l'énergie des gaz 25 d'échappement du moteur thermique à l'aide d'une turbine reliée à une deuxième machine électrique et de restituer cette énergie à la première machine électrique qui assiste le moteur pour la traction du véhicule. Ce système est d'autant plus performant que la tension est élevée et les courants faibles. Ainsi, une tension de 300 Volts est souvent utilisée pour 30 permettre un rendement correct de ce système. [8] OBJET DE L'INVENTION [9] L'invention a pour but d'associer efficacement les deux systèmes de récupération d'énergie. [10] A cet effet, l'invention propose d'associer un onduleur à deux s niveaux de tensions à l'élément de stockage d'énergie du système. cet onduleur est en relation d'une part avec la machine électrique assistant le moteur thermique pour la traction du véhicule, et d'autre part avec la machine électrique reliée à la turbine et apte à récupérer l'énergie des gaz d'échappement du moteur. io [011] Le niveau de tension le plus faible de l'onduleur correspond à celui de l'élément de stockage. Ce niveau de tension est utilisé pour le stockage et la restitution de l'énergie emmagasinée durant les phases de freinage du véhicule. La batterie reste ainsi de taille raisonnable car la tension est plus faible que pour le reste du système. ls [012] Le niveau de tension élevé de l'onduleur est utilisé pour le transfert d'énergie de l'échappement vers la machine électrique assistant le moteur thermique pour la traction du véhicule. Ce transfert d'énergie de l'échappement se fait sans stockage ce qui permet d'améliorer le rendement du système. 20 [013] Ainsi, en basse tension, l'onduleur permet la récupération de l'énergie cinétique du véhicule grâce à la première machine électrique fonctionnant en alternateur lors des phases de freinage du véhicule. L'onduleur assure également la restitution de cette énergie basse tension à la première machine électrique lors des phases de traction. En haute tension, 25 l'onduleur permet de transférer directement, à la première machine électrique, l'énergie récupérée dans le circuit d'échappement du moteur thermique via la turbine. [014] L'invention concerne donc un véhicule comportant : un moteur à combustion interne, un circuit d'échappement servant à évacuer les gaz de 30 combustion du moteur vers l'extérieur du véhicule, une première machine électrique assistant le moteur thermique pour la traction et pouvant être utilisée en alternateur lors du freinage dudit véhicule, une deuxième machine électrique associée à une turbine d'échappement apte à récupérer l'énergie au niveau de l'échappement dudit véhicule, un élément de stockage d'énergie, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un onduleur à deux s niveaux de tension associé à l'élément de stockage d'énergie, cet onduleur étant relié d'une part à la première machine électrique et d'autre part à la deuxième machine électrique. [15] Selon une réalisation, le plus haut niveau de tension de l'onduleur est appliqué par la deuxième machine électrique associée à la turbine Io d'échappement. [16] Selon une réalisation, le plus haut niveau de tension du système appliqué par la deuxième machine électrique est restitué à la première machine électrique via l'onduleur. [17] Selon une réalisation, le plus bas niveau de tension de l'onduleur ls est appliqué par la première machine électrique durant les phases de freinage du véhicule, l'énergie correspondante étant stockée dans l'élément de stockage. [18] Selon une réalisation, l'énergie stockée dans l'élément de stockage est restituée à la première machine électrique durant les phases de 20 traction du véhicule. [19] Selon une réalisation, le plus bas niveau de tension de l'onduleur est de 150 Volts. [20] Selon une réalisation, le plus haut niveau de tension de l'onduleur est de 300 Volts. 25 [021] Selon une réalisation, l'élément de stockage d'énergie est une batterie. [22] Selon une réalisation, l'élément de stockage d'énergie est un réseau de super-condensateurs. [23] BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES [024] L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces figures ne sont données qu'à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention. Elles montrent : s [025] Figure 1 : une représentation schématique des éléments d'un véhicule muni d'un système de récupération et de restitution d'énergie selon l'invention ; [026] Figure 2 : une représentation schématique de l'onduleur selon l'invention contrôlant les deux machines électriques ; Io [027] Figure 3 : une représentation schématique de l'onduleur selon l'invention contrôlant les deux machines électriques lors de la phase de freinage du véhicule ; [28] Figure 4: une représentation schématique de l'onduleur selon l'invention contrôlant les deux machines électriques lors de la phase de ls restitution de l'énergie emmagasinée durant la phase de freinage du véhicule ; [29] Figure 5 : une représentation schématique de l'onduleur selon l'invention contrôlant les deux machines électriques lors de la phase de récupération et de restitution de l'énergie cinétique au niveau de 20 l'échappement du véhicule; [30] Les éléments identiques, similaires ou analogues, conservent les mêmes références d'une Figure à l'autre. [31] DESCRIPTION D'EXEMPLES DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION 25 [032] La Figure 1 représente un véhicule 11 hybride à quatre roues 15 dont deux motrices. La traction du train avant 12 est assurée par un moteur thermique 17 en relation avec une boîte de vitesses 19 par l'intermédiaire d'un embrayage 18 par exemple un embrayage à garniture sec ou humide. Le train arrière 13 quand à lui est libre dans cet exemple de réalisation. [33] Une première machine 22 électrique assiste le moteur thermique 17 lors de la traction et peut également fonctionner en alternateur lors des phases de freinage. L'énergie emmagasinée dans ce mode de fonctionnement est stockée dans un élément 27 de stockage d'énergie tel s qu'une batterie ou un réseau de super-condensateurs pour être ensuite restituée à la première machine 22 électrique et aider à la traction du véhicule. [34] Un autre système consiste à récupérer l'énergie des gaz du circuit d'échappement 20 du moteur thermique 17 expulsant les gaz vers le pot io d'échappement 21. [35] Un onduleur 24 à deux niveaux de tension permet d'associer les deux systèmes de récupération d'énergie à l'élément 27 de stockage d'énergie du système, sans augmenter l'encombrement de l'élément 27 de stockage d'énergie. ls [036] D'autres agencements possibles du moteur thermique 17 et de la première machine électrique 22 peuvent être envisagés avec, par exemple, la machine électrique 22 agissant directement sur le train arrière 13 du véhicule 11 alors que le moteur thermique 17 agit sur le train avant 12, ou inversement. 20 [037] La Figure 2 montre une représentation schématique du circuit électrique de l'onduleur 24 associé à l'élément 27 de stockage d'énergie. Le plus haut niveau de tension est fixé par exemple à 300 Volts tandis que la tension la plus faible est par exemple de 150 Volts. Une représentation de l'élément 27 de stockage d'énergie, type batterie, est encadrée dans la partie 25 gauche du schéma et correspond au circuit du plus bas niveau de tension par exemple 150 Volts. Dans le deuxième encadré du schéma est représenté plusieurs interrupteurs commandés 40, 41 et 42 aptes à sélectionner soit le circuit de la plus faible tension connecté à l'élément de stockage 27 d'énergie, soit le circuit de la plus haute tension connecté à un condensateur 30 30. Les interrupteurs commandés 40, 41 et 42 commandent chacun un des enroulements des deux machines électriques. [38] L'onduleur 24 à deux niveaux de tension contrôle deux machines électriques : la machine première électrique 22 assistant le moteur thermique 17 et la machine deuxième électrique 23 associée à la turbine d'échappement 25. On remarque que la deuxième machine 23 électrique s associée à la turbine d'échappement 25 est connectée au circuit de la plus haute tension alors que la première machine électrique 22 assistant le moteur thermique 17 est connectée aux deux circuits de tensions différentes. [39] La Figure 3 présente l'utilisation de cet onduleur 24 à deux niveaux de tension lors de la phase de freinage du véhicule. La première machine io électrique 22 assistant le moteur thermique 17 est alors utilisée en alternateur et charge l'élément de stockage 27 d'énergie via la partie basse tension de l'onduleur 24 à deux niveaux de tension (cf. flèches 45). [40] La Figure 4 montre, quand à elle, comment l'énergie, emmagasinée dans l'élément 27 de stockage d'énergie lors de la phase de ls freinage du véhicule, est restituée à la première machine électrique 22 assistant le moteur thermique 17 pour aider à la traction du véhicule 11 via la partie basse tension de l'onduleur 24 à deux niveaux de tension (cf. flèches 46). Ce système de récupération et de restitution d'énergie fonctionne sur le plus faible niveau de tension permettant au système d'utiliser un élément de 20 stockage 27 d'énergie de faible encombrement. [41] Pour un deuxième mode de fonctionnement, la Figure 5 montre la récupération et la restitution de l'énergie perdue par le moteur thermique 17 au niveau du circuit d'échappement 20. La deuxième machine électrique 23 associée à une turbine d'échappement 25 charge un condensateur 30 puis 25 délivre du courant à la première machine électrique 22 via la partie haute tension de l'onduleur 24 à deux niveaux de tension (cf. flèches 47). Ce circuit de récupération et de restitution de l'énergie travail avec le plus haut niveau de tension de l'onduleur 24, soit 300 Volts, permettant ainsi d'améliorer le rendement du circuit. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION [2] The invention relates to a vehicle provided with a kinetic energy recovery system during the braking phases of the vehicle. vehicle and energy recovery of the exhaust gas of a heat engine and a system for restitution of these energies. [3] The invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of hybrid vehicles. [04] STATE OF THE ART [5] It is known that a hybrid motor vehicle comprises a heat engine for traction of the vehicle and an electric machine assisting the engine during traction of the vehicle. [6] The electric machine that assists the engine during traction can also be used as an alternator during braking phases. The energy stored in this operating mode is stored in an energy storage element such as a battery or a network of super-capacitors to be then returned to the electric machine and help pull the vehicle. This storage element is all the heavier and larger as the voltage of this system for recovering and restoring energy is high. The voltage of such a system is thus of the order of 150 volts to meet the congestion constraints of the storage element. [7] Another known system consists of recovering the energy of the exhaust gases of the heat engine by means of a turbine connected to a second electric machine and of returning this energy to the first electric machine which assists the engine. for the traction of the vehicle. This system is all the more powerful as the voltage is high and the currents low. Thus, a voltage of 300 volts is often used to allow correct performance of this system. [8] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION [9] The invention aims to effectively combine the two energy recovery systems. [10] For this purpose, the invention proposes to associate an inverter with two levels of voltages to the energy storage element of the system. this inverter is in relation on the one hand with the electric machine assisting the heat engine for the traction of the vehicle, and on the other hand with the electric machine connected to the turbine and able to recover the energy of the engine exhaust gas. . [011] The lowest voltage level of the inverter corresponds to that of the storage element. This voltage level is used for storing and returning the energy stored during the braking phases of the vehicle. The battery is thus of reasonable size because the voltage is lower than for the rest of the system. ls [012] The high voltage level of the inverter is used for the transfer of energy from the exhaust to the electric machine assisting the engine for traction of the vehicle. This transfer of energy from the exhaust is done without storage which improves the efficiency of the system. [013] Thus, at low voltage, the inverter allows the recovery of the kinetic energy of the vehicle through the first electrical machine operating as an alternator during braking phases of the vehicle. The inverter also provides the return of this low voltage energy to the first electrical machine during the traction phases. In high voltage, the inverter makes it possible to transfer directly, to the first electrical machine, the energy recovered in the exhaust circuit of the heat engine via the turbine. [014] The invention therefore relates to a vehicle comprising: an internal combustion engine, an exhaust circuit for evacuating combustion gases from the engine to the outside of the vehicle, a first electric machine assisting the combustion engine for the traction and that can be used as an alternator during the braking of said vehicle, a second electric machine associated with an exhaust turbine capable of recovering energy at the exhaust of said vehicle, an energy storage element, characterized in that it further comprises an inverter with two levels of voltage associated with the energy storage element, this inverter being connected firstly to the first electrical machine and secondly to the second electrical machine. [15] In one embodiment, the highest voltage level of the inverter is applied by the second electrical machine associated with the exhaust turbine Io. [16] In one embodiment, the highest voltage level of the system applied by the second electrical machine is returned to the first electrical machine via the inverter. According to one embodiment, the lowest voltage level of the inverter ls is applied by the first electrical machine during the braking phases of the vehicle, the corresponding energy being stored in the storage element. According to one embodiment, the energy stored in the storage element is returned to the first electrical machine during the vehicle traction phases. [19] In one embodiment, the lowest voltage level of the inverter is 150 volts. [20] In one embodiment, the highest voltage level of the inverter is 300 volts. [021] In one embodiment, the energy storage element is a battery. [22] In one embodiment, the energy storage element is an array of supercapacitors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [024] The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures that accompany it. These figures are given for illustrative but not limiting of the invention. They show: s [025] FIG. 1: a schematic representation of the elements of a vehicle provided with a system for recovering and restoring energy according to the invention; [026] Figure 2: a schematic representation of the inverter according to the invention controlling the two electrical machines; Io [027] Figure 3: a schematic representation of the inverter according to the invention controlling the two electrical machines during the braking phase of the vehicle; [28] Figure 4: a schematic representation of the inverter according to the invention controlling the two electrical machines during the phase of the restitution of the energy stored during the braking phase of the vehicle; [29] FIG. 5: a schematic representation of the inverter according to the invention controlling the two electrical machines during the recovery and restitution phase of the kinetic energy at the exhaust of the vehicle; [30] Identical elements, similar or similar, retain the same references from one Figure to another. [31] DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION [032] Fig. 1 shows a four-wheel hybrid vehicle 11 including two engines. The traction of the front axle 12 is provided by a heat engine 17 in connection with a gearbox 19 via a clutch 18, for example a clutch with dry or wet lining. The rear axle 13 when it is free in this embodiment. [33] A first 22 electric machine assists the engine 17 during traction and can also operate alternator during braking phases. The energy stored in this mode of operation is stored in an energy storage element 27 such as a battery or a network of supercapacitors to be then restored to the first electric machine 22 and help pull the vehicle. . [34] Another system consists in recovering the energy of the exhaust gas 20 of the heat engine 17 expelling the gases to the exhaust pot 21. [35] An inverter 24 with two voltage levels makes it possible to associating the two energy recovery systems with the energy storage element 27 of the system without increasing the bulk of the energy storage element 27. ls [036] Other possible arrangements of the heat engine 17 and the first electric machine 22 can be envisaged with, for example, the electric machine 22 acting directly on the rear axle 13 of the vehicle 11 while the heat engine 17 acts on the front train 12, or vice versa. [037] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the electrical circuit of the inverter 24 associated with the energy storage element 27. The highest voltage level is fixed for example at 300 volts while the lowest voltage is for example 150 volts. A representation of the energy storage element 27, battery type, is framed in the left part of the diagram and corresponds to the circuit of the lowest voltage level, for example 150 volts. In the second box of the diagram is shown several controlled switches 40, 41 and 42 able to select either the circuit of the lower voltage connected to the energy storage element 27, or the circuit of the highest voltage connected to a 30. The controlled switches 40, 41 and 42 each control one of the windings of the two electrical machines. [38] The inverter 24 with two voltage levels controls two electrical machines: the first electric machine 22 assisting the heat engine 17 and the second electric machine 23 associated with the exhaust turbine 25. Note that the second machine 23 electric associated with the exhaust turbine 25 is connected to the circuit of the highest voltage while the first electric machine 22 assisting the heat engine 17 is connected to the two circuits of different voltages. [39] Figure 3 shows the use of this inverter 24 at two voltage levels during the braking phase of the vehicle. The first electrical machine 22 assisting the heat engine 17 is then used as an alternator and charges the energy storage element 27 via the low voltage portion of the inverter 24 with two voltage levels (see arrows 45). [40] FIG. 4 shows, in turn, how the energy, stored in the energy storage element 27 during the braking phase of the vehicle, is restored to the first electric machine 22 assisting the heat engine 17 to assist traction of the vehicle 11 via the low voltage portion of the inverter 24 at two voltage levels (see arrows 46). This energy recovery and retrieval system operates on the lowest voltage level allowing the system to utilize a small energy storage element 27. [41] For a second mode of operation, FIG. 5 shows the recovery and the return of the energy lost by the heat engine 17 at the level of the exhaust circuit 20. The second electric machine 23 associated with an exhaust turbine 25 charges a capacitor 30 and 25 delivers current to the first electrical machine 22 via the high voltage portion of the inverter 24 at two voltage levels (see arrows 47). This energy recovery and recovery circuit works with the highest voltage level of the inverter 24, ie 300 volts, thus making it possible to improve the efficiency of the circuit.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS1. Véhicule (11) comportant : - un moteur (17) à combustion interne, - un circuit d'échappement (20) servant à évacuer les gaz de combustion du moteur (17) vers l'extérieur du véhicule (11), - une première machine électrique (22) assistant le moteur thermique (17) pour la traction et pouvant être utilisée en alternateur lors du freinage dudit véhicule, Io - une deuxième machine électrique (23) associée à une turbine d'échappement (25) apte à récupérer l'énergie au niveau de l'échappement dudit véhicule, - un élément de stockage d'énergie (27), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un onduleur (24) à deux 15 niveaux de tension associé à l'élément de stockage d'énergie, cet onduleur étant relié d'une part à la première machine électrique (22) et d'autre part à la deuxième machine électrique (23). REVENDICATIONS1. Vehicle (11) comprising: - an internal combustion engine (17), - an exhaust circuit (20) for exhausting combustion gases from the engine (17) to the outside of the vehicle (11), - a first an electric machine (22) assisting the heat engine (17) for traction and being able to be used as an alternator when braking said vehicle, Io - a second electric machine (23) associated with an exhaust turbine (25) capable of recovering the energy at the exhaust of said vehicle, - an energy storage element (27), characterized in that it further comprises an inverter (24) with two voltage levels associated with the storage element of energy, this inverter being connected firstly to the first electrical machine (22) and secondly to the second electric machine (23). 2. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le plus haut 20 niveau de tension de l'onduleur (24) est appliqué par la deuxième machine électrique (23) associée à la turbine d'échappement (25). 2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the highest voltage level of the inverter (24) is applied by the second electric machine (23) associated with the exhaust turbine (25). 3. Véhicule selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le plus haut niveau de tension du système appliqué par la deuxième machine électrique 25 (23) est restitué à la première machine électrique (22) via l'onduleur (24). 3. Vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the highest voltage level of the system applied by the second electric machine (23) is returned to the first electrical machine (22) via the inverter (24). 4. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le plus bas niveau de tension de l'onduleur (24) est appliqué par la première machine électrique (22) durant les phases de freinage du véhicule (11), 30 l'énergie correspondante étant stockée dans l'élément de stockage (27). Vehicle according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lowest voltage level of the inverter (24) is applied by the first electric machine (22) during the braking phases of the vehicle (11). The corresponding energy being stored in the storage element (27). 5. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'énergie stockée dans l'élément de stockage (27) est restituée à la première machine électrique (22) durant les phases de traction du véhicule (11). 35 5. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the energy stored in the storage element (27) is returned to the first electric machine (22) during the vehicle traction phases (11) . 35 6. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le plus bas niveau de tension de l'onduleur (24) est de 150 Volts. 6. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lowest voltage level of the inverter (24) is 150 Volts. 7. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que s le plus haut niveau de tension de l'onduleur (24) est de 300 Volts. 7. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that s the highest voltage level of the inverter (24) is 300 volts. 8. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (27) de stockage d'énergie est une batterie. Io 8. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the element (27) for storing energy is a battery. io 9. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (27) de stockage d'énergie est un réseau de super-condensateurs. 9. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the element (27) of energy storage is a network of super-capacitors.
FR1151270A 2011-02-16 2011-02-16 VEHICLE HAVING A RECOVERY AND ENERGY RESTITUTION SYSTEM Expired - Fee Related FR2971472B1 (en)

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CN108162989A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-15 北京交通大学 A kind of urban rail transit vehicles traction auxiliary integrated vehicle energy-storage system
CN111267603A (en) * 2020-02-14 2020-06-12 广东工业大学 New energy automobile hybrid power system and control method thereof

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EP0223419A1 (en) * 1985-10-19 1987-05-27 Isuzu Motors Limited Energy recovery apparatus for a turbocharged compound engine
EP0233079A2 (en) * 1986-02-10 1987-08-19 Isuzu Motors Limited Apparatus for recovering thermal energy from an engine
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108162989A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-15 北京交通大学 A kind of urban rail transit vehicles traction auxiliary integrated vehicle energy-storage system
CN108162989B (en) * 2017-12-27 2020-04-17 北京交通大学 Traction-assisted integrated vehicle-mounted energy storage system for urban rail transit vehicle
CN111267603A (en) * 2020-02-14 2020-06-12 广东工业大学 New energy automobile hybrid power system and control method thereof

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