FR2971405A1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DECONTAMINATION AND STERILIZATION, IN PARTICULAR FOR FOOD OR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, FLUIDS OR INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for obtaining substrates which are practically sterile in terms of sanitary conditions. For this purpose, the device according to the invention comprises: a first generator of ionized molecules and / or free chemical radicals, and a second generator of electromagnetic fields of predetermined density and intensity, said first and second generators being configured to operate in combination, in particular simultaneously or sequentially. Similarly, the method according to the invention comprises the steps of: - producing, by specific enzymatic catalysis, a plurality of ionized molecules and / or oxygen free chemical radicals in continuous liquid or gaseous flows; to amplify the specific chemical and biological reactivities of said radicals by constant or oscillating electromagnetic fields, and to apply said ionized molecules and / or said radicals whose chemical reactivities have been amplified, to a fluid, a food or agricultural product, or a material intended to be decontaminated or sterilized.

Description

The present invention relates to a device and a method for decontamination and sterilization, in particular for food or agricultural products, fluids or industrial equipment. In agri-food, the ever-increasing demand for fresh and natural foods and beverages, the safety of which is perfectly guaranteed, is at the origin of the development of new physical processes for microbiological stabilization. To date, there are various devices or methods for decontaminating food or agricultural products, fluids or industrial equipment. However, these known devices or methods generally do not allow the elimination of all the microbial and chemical contaminants possibly present in these products / fluids or on these materials, or they can effectively eliminate only one or more types of these contaminants. The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages. For this purpose, the device according to the invention comprises: a first generator of ionized molecules and / or free chemical radicals, and a second generator of electromagnetic fields of predetermined density and intensity, said first and second generators being configured to operate. in combination, in particular simultaneously or sequentially. The invention thus consists in implementing in a combined manner a biochemical process and an electromagnetic process. The inventor has thus been able to note, surprisingly, that the synergy that results from the combination of these biochemical and electromagnetic mechanisms makes it possible to obtain substrates that are practically sterile on the sanitary level. This sterilization is in particular due to the hyperactive biocidal fluxes produced by the device according to the invention. Preferably, said first generator is an enzymatic catalysis generator, containing in fixed form enzymes belonging to the group of oxidoreductases, and producing transition ionized molecules and / or free oxygenated chemical radicals in liquid or gaseous flows.

Said second generator may comprise at least one solenoid coil of electromagnet able to generate oscillating magnetic fields, variable in density and intensity. Preferably, however, said second generator comprises at least one magnet in the form of a plate or cartridge capable of generating constant magnetic fields of determined density and intensity. a) The enzymatic catalysis generator Among the many antimicrobial molecules on the market, the present invention relates in particular to the use of enzymes belonging to the group of oxidoreductases. Among these enzymes, peroxidases, and especially lactoperoxidase (E.C. No. 1.11.1.7), have particularly interesting biological properties. Lactoperoxidase (L.P.) is the essential element of a powerful natural antimicrobial system that has two complementary components: the thiocyanate ion (SCN-), an oxidizable natural substrate, and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that supplies oxygen. In this system, in a liquid medium, lactoperoxidase catalyzes from hydrogen peroxide, the production of oxygen radicals and oxidized substrates according to the following reaction: SCN- + H2O2 (+ LP) OSCN- + H2O Thiocyanate + Peroxide Oxythiocyanate OSCN + H2O2 + (LP) SCN + H2O2 + 02 Oxythiocyanate + Peroxide Thiocyanate The superoxide anion O 2 is a powerful oxidizing agent which leads to the generation of new free radicals such as hydroxyl-peroxyl (hydroxyl) radicals. (O2H), trioxide (03) which are themselves converted to H2O2. The OSCN- oxythiocyanate product is in equilibrium with its HOSCN acid form. In the presence of sufficient amounts of hydrogen peroxide, the oxidation reaction of the thiocyanate ion proceeds to even more oxidized oxy acid derivatives according to the following reactions: 02-SCN + H2O2 03-SCN + H2O Superoxythiocyanate + Peroxide Trioxythiocyanate Free radicals produced as well as oxidized substrates interact strongly with the biochemical components of microorganisms. The lactoperoxidase system has antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms such as bacteria (Staphylococci, Listeria, Colibacilli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma), protozoa (Cryptosporidia, Amoeba), and viruses (Bacteriophages). This natural antimicrobial system has been used as a model for preserving and preserving milk and cheese products. Thus, various methods of preserving patented dairy products have been described over the last decades: One modality consists in adding, to the foods to be protected, the complete LP system, preformed with a substrate that supplies peroxide, or with a system enzymatic complementary producer. The application of these biocidal formulations is carried out extemporaneously in the form of bathing, spraying, spraying or dusting the products to be treated. These methods require the use of amounts of enzymes proportional to the surfaces or volumes to be treated and are expensive and incompatible with the economic constraints of the market. The variability of the various environmental parameters (pH, temperature, salinity, oxygenation) strongly limits the practical implementation of the system as well as its local efficiency. To overcome these difficulties, different formulations and methods of new applications have been proposed in recent years. US Pat. No. 5,389,369 describes a bactericidal system based on the contact of a halo peroxidase with the microorganisms in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or bromine and amino acids. The different components are prepared and stored separately until their final mixing in solution at the time of use. WO 96/38548 discloses peroxidase compositions and methods for producing disinfecting and sterilizing solutions stored in anaerobic containers pressurized and activated by oxygen in the air at the time of use. No. WO 97/15661 describes a microporous substance that selectively traps pathogenic micro-organisms of the blood to subject them to a nearby biocidal activity generated by an oxidative system linked to the microporous substance.

Said first generator entering the arrangement of the device according to the invention comprises oxidoreductases immobilized on a membrane which makes it possible to produce, at an acceptable cost by the industry, a continuous stream of radicals and oxygenated chemical substrates with compositions adapted to specific applications. b) The generator of electromagnetic fields The electromagnetic fields are widely experimented in various agro-alimentary sectors in order to obtain a microbial sterilization of the food.

Two technologies are commonly used: Pulsed Electric Fields (C.E.P.), and Magnetic Fields, whether they are Constant (C.M.C) or Pulsed (C.M.P.). - Pulsed Electric Fields (COI) applied to food is attracting increasing interest. This innovative process relies on the application of short (microsecond) pulses, with a high amplitude of electric field (greater than 10 kV cm-1), to food samples placed between two electrodes. C.E.P make it possible to obtain highly variable inactivations of treated microorganisms. Generally it is possible to partially destroy microorganisms on the surface of food with decreases of the order of 3 to 5 log. in bacterial populations. The sensitivity of microorganisms to C.E.P. varies with their genus. Yeasts are more sensitive than bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria are less sensitive than Gram-negative bacteria. The physiological state of microorganisms causes a difference in sensitivity to pulsed electric fields. Bacterial spores appear to be more resistant than vegetative forms. The physicochemical characteristics of the medium affect the effectiveness of C.E.P. An increase in the conductivity of the medium and an acidic pH decrease the inactivation of the bacteria. Increasing the conductivity of the medium reduces the pulse width and thus the rate of microbial inactivation. Several parameters such as electric field strength, duration of treatment, nature and frequency of pulses and temperature are likely to vary the effectiveness of treatment with C.E.P. The inactivation rate generally increases if the electric field strength increases. Treatment with pulsed electric fields results in a rise in temperature that increases the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation, but may also, beyond certain limits, alter some of the characteristics of the products.

Pure Pulse Technologies (a subsidiary of Maxwell Lab., San Diego, California) has filed several patent applications for the treatment of various liquid foodstuffs (milk, liquid eggs, fruit juice) by pulsed electric fields. Treatment with C.E.P. may inactivate certain pathogenic micro-organisms, such as Listeria in milk and fruit juices and Salmonella in egg products. The application currently the most studied by industry concerns the "athermic pasteurization" of fruit juices at moderate temperatures. The interesting results obtained in the treatment of food by C.E.P. remain for the moment confined to the scale of the laboratory.

Potential food applications appear to be multiple, but the effectiveness of bacterial inactivation by CEP remains variable and random depending on the bacterial genera concerned, the nature of the foods and the methods of use. The speed of treatment allowed by this technique represents a major advantage in an application to liquid food products; the same is true for global energy consumption, which is only 10% of that of an ultra-short thermal process. However, the cost of the equipment and the possible toxicological impact of such a process on the food constitute industrial use brakes pulsed electric fields. Finally, no commercialization of products treated by pulsed electric fields is currently reported. - Constant Magnetic Fields (CMC) and Pulsed Magnetic Fields (CMP) Among the different forms of magnetic fields, pulsed magnetic fields (CMP) with a high flux density, suggest interesting applications, especially in decontamination. food.

HOFMANN in 1985 found that C.M.P. high intensity (from 5 to 50 T, and a pulse frequency between 5 and 500 kHz, allow to obtain reductions of at least 2 log of microbial populations studied in different foods (milk, yogurt, bread). The effects of magnetic fields on microorganisms are as diverse as the experimental contexts from which they have been described.The energy released by CMPs leads to breaks in the binding of high molecular weight (DNA) molecules, resulting in inhibition and cell death (HOFMANN - 1985) The application of CMPs to a Penicillium spore population causes changes in colony appearance, but Listeria, Escherichia and Bacillus populations show no modification after the same treatment (CAUBET - 1999) No. WO 85/02094 (G. HOFMANN) discloses the use of pulsed magnetic fields of 5 to 50 Tesla, a pulse frequency from 5 to 500 kHz, which significantly reduce (1.4 to 3.6 log) the number of microorganisms inoculated into food. The total exposure time is between 25 ps and 10 ms. Each pulse consists of 10 oscillations. Beyond this, the intensity of the field is reduced too much (-10% after each oscillation). The observed temperature increase is 5 ° C, and the organoleptic qualities of the food are unchanged. The present invention also relates to a method of decontamination and sterilization comprising the steps of: - producing, by specific enzymatic catalysis, a plurality of ionized molecules and / or oxygen free chemical radicals in continuous liquid or gaseous flows; to amplify the specific chemical and biological reactivities of said radicals by constant or oscillating electromagnetic fields, and to apply said ionized molecules and / or said radicals whose chemical reactivities have been amplified, to a fluid, a food or agricultural product or a material intended to to be decontaminated or sterilized. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a closed enclosure provided with at least one enzymatic catalysis generator and at least one magnetic field generator permanent, and through which can pass various mineral and / or organic products in liquid solutions. With reference to FIG. 1, the enzymatic generator is arranged according to the format of a microfiltration plane module comprising an inlet 1 and an outlet 5 and consists of a successive and alternating stack of support plates 2 able to support membranes. , and membranes 3, these plates 2 and these membranes 3 being clamped between the two end plates of a filter press. The faces of the support plates 2 comprise grooves facilitating the turbulence of the fluids and the collection of the filtrate.

The membranes 3 fixed on the support plates 2 of the device according to the invention may be, preferably but not exclusively, hydrophilic nylon microfiltration membranes previously activated by a covalent grafting of enzymes. Furthermore, the support plates 2 are preferably made of synthetic material. With reference to FIG. 2, the magnetic field generator comprises permanent magnets of two Tesla in the form of plates 6 arranged axially in a synthetic cartridge 7 having an outlet 8, and an inlet 9 connected to the output 5 of the catalytic generator. .

The various foods (milks, fruit juices, wines), rich in water, natural chemical compounds suppliers of oxygen (glucose, lactose, xanthine, etc.) and endogenous oxidizable substrates (SCN- thiocyanate), and put in contact with the active membrane induce a catalytic activation of oxygen free radicals such as superoxide anion O 2 and trioxide O 3, hydroxyl radical OH and hydroperoxy HO 2, oxythiocyanate OSCN, super oxythiocyanate O 2 SCN, trioxythiocyanate O 3 SCN, which participate in a sanitization "Cold" and continues within food liquids on contact. The introduction of various chemical compositions rich in oxygenated molecules and in specific enzyme substrates leads to the continuous production of oxygen free chemical radicals and oxidized substrates whose reactivity and oxidative potential vis-à-vis other mineral substrates and / or or organic are then amplified and multiplied by passing through the generator of magnetic fields. The device that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to obtain in particular a concentrated and continuous outflow of free radicals with high oxidative power and high biocidal activities with respect to microorganisms (protozoa, bacteria, viruses, fungi and molds). and usable for the sterilizing decontamination of various tools and industrial surfaces. 1) Application to Milk and Dairy Products According to one embodiment of the invention, the inner walls of the enzymatic catalysis generator (FIG. 1) are covered with at least one synthetic membrane 3, in particular nylon, carrying immobilized enzymes mixed, beta-galactosidase type, glucose oxidase and lactoperoxidase. The enzymatic mixture retained generates, from lactose, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) according to the following reaction: Lactose + Galactosidase Glucose + Galactose Glucose + Gucose oxidase D.gluconolactone + H2O2 Each nylon membrane carrying galactosidase, glucose- oxidase and grafted peroxidases, is interposed between two plates (2) (see Figure1). The membranes are permanently fixed on the plates by bringing together and pressing the end plates of the filter press. The introduction of a given volume of cow's milk, preheated to 10 degrees C, activates the enzymatic system "Galactosidase + Glucose oxidase" by endogenous milk lactose and leads to the catalytic oxidation of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) and potassium (KSCN) naturally present in the milk. The production of oxythiocyanate (OSCN-) antimicrobial overactivated during its transit (20 seconds) in the generator associated with Constant Magnetic Field (CMC at 2 Tesla) makes it possible to perform a complete and final pasteurization, at room temperature, the milk received in the storage tank.

This embodiment of the invention and its application make it possible to obtain a prolonged storage of the milk of 12 days on average at 10 ° C. The device thus constituted can be used repeatedly over several successive batches of milk for several weeks. It is easily regenerable by renewal of active membranes which makes it an effective and inexpensive device for treating and sanitizing liquid foods such as milks and dairy products, fruit juices and drinking water. A possible variant of the treatment mode described above is to use free radicals generated by catalysis from various oxygen peroxide-providing compounds (for example sodium percarbonate, etc.), and then overactivated by the magnetic fields generated. by the device according to the invention. 2) Application to the wines According to one embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a closed chamber in which at least one enzymatic catalysis generator is associated with at least one pulsed electric field generator (CEP), the electric field generated by said at least one pulsed electric field generator being of very high intensity (of the order of 35 kV / cm), in the form of pulses of very short durations (of the order of one microsecond). The pulsed electric fields used alone in the treatment of wines contaminated with Brettanomyces yeasts lead to significant reductions in yeast populations and a temporary microbiological stabilization of the wines over a few months. On the other hand, the results obtained with the combined device according to the invention (CEP associated with free radicals) demonstrate a complete destruction of the microflora of the wine, with a final conservation of the treated wine and an associated reduction of the necessary doses of sulphites, without any qualitative impact. unfavorable. The device and method according to the invention, based on the use of free radicals and ions associated with a pulsed electric field make it possible to obtain a cold pasteurization of various liquid foods. A series of pulses of very short duration (microseconds) of an intense electric field and a slight heat treatment (+ 50 ° C) complementary irreversibly destroy all the microflora present in food liquids. No significant chemical changes in neutral or ionic molecules are observed, the enzymatic activity remains and the vitamin composition of the product is retained. However, and unlike the CEP alone, the CEP technique associated with free radicals can destroy the spores. 3) Application to Fruit, Ices and Carcasses According to one embodiment of the invention, the device comprises a closed chamber in which at least one enzymatic catalysis generator associated with at least one pulsed magnetic field generator (CMP) is arranged. electromagnets, of variable intensity from 5 to 50 Tesla, with a pulse frequency of 5 to 500 kHz, said enclosure being configured so that various fluids, solutions and products loaded with free radicals pass through it. The device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain complete sterilization of an experimental suspension titrating 108 Escherichia coli against a reduction of 5 log. for the same bacterial suspension treated with CMP alone. Thus, in a preferential, non-exclusive manner, the CMP activated oxygen radical flows obtained according to this embodiment are applied to the washing and disinfection of fresh fruits and vegetables (including the 4th range), herbal teas, seeds, fungi and sanitary decontamination of carcass surfaces and meat products of slaughterhouses.

By way of non-limiting example, the washing and decontamination of fourth range salads carried out at a rate of 1 shower of the plants for 5 minutes at 10 ° C., with 5 volumes of a 2% aqueous solution of oxidized radicals activated by CMP for 1 volume of plants, allow to obtain respective reductions of 5 and 7 log. population of resident bacterial contaminants (Pseudomonas 105 CFU / ml) or experimental contaminants (Listeria 10.7 CFU / ml) versus 3 log. on average for salads treated with CMP or washed with chlorinated water. Similarly, a solution of oxidative free radicals overactivated by C.M.P. is advantageously used in nebulisations to ensure the freshness of fruits and vegetables after harvest, fight against the development of bacteria and surface mold and thus increase the shelf life of these foods during their marketing. As a second example, the complete microbial decontamination of carcass surfaces of chickens in slaughterhouses is obtained by spraying with a solution of free radicals activated by CMP. On the other hand, the exposure of the carcasses to a powerful PPC treatment at 1000 pulsations for 200 seconds, with a pulsed UV light at the total dose of 5 J / cm2 only reduces from 2 to 2.4 log. the viability of Salmonella and Listeria deposited experimentally on the surface. As a third example of application, solutions of sulfur free radicals (sulphite ion, sulfur oxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and its acid HSO3) obtained by catalysis and overactivated by C.M.P. can be used for spraying on vine leaves and potatoes to control bacteria and molds on the surface and to treat various seasonal fungal diseases (powdery mildew, late blight, etc.). C.M.P. are able to partially inactivate certain microorganisms in food. According to the invention, C.M.P. combined with free radicals have several technological advantages: sterilizing efficiency, low temperature increase, few organoleptic changes, possibility of treatment through the packaging. The electromagnetic generator entering the arrangement of the device according to the invention, can produce either a constant magnetic field CMC (magnets in plates or cartridges), or a variable pulsating electric field (CEP) (solenoid coils of electromagnets, etc.). Unlike the current devices generating C.E.P. or from C.M.C. whose sterilizing antimicrobial performance remains variable, partial and random, the biophysical device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a concentrated, hyperactive and continuous outflow of free radicals with high oxidative power and endowed with complete sterilizing activities vis-à-vis -vis a wide spectrum of microorganisms (protozoa, bacteria, viruses, fungi and molds) and used especially for the decontamination of food products (milk and dairy products, meat, fruit and vegetables, drinks, ..) 4) Application to wastewater and sewage sludge A variant of the device according to the invention and in particular the enzymatic generator of free radicals is also indicated in a nonlimiting manner hereinafter. It consists in using synthetic membranes carrying an enzyme mixture consisting of horseradish plant peroxidase (HRPEC No. 1.11.1.7), nitrate reductase (EC No. 1.9.6.1) and nitric oxide synthetase (EC). No. 1.14.13.39). The planar module comprises a proximal series of grafted nitrate reductase membrane support plates, a median series of grafted nitric oxide synthetase membrane support plates, and a terminal series of grafted peroxidase membrane support plates. . The planar module is fed continuously by an injecting pump, at the inlet of the apparatus, under a pressure of 0.2 bar, a specific solution of substrates, of the following formulation: potassium nitrite (KNO2) 1 g potassium permanganate (KMnO4) 5 g Peracetic acid (CH4CO3) 1 g Water qs 1000 ml The flux coming from the module, subjected to an electromagnet CMP, of variable intensity from 5 to 50 Tesla, with a pulse frequency of 5 to 500 kHz, consists of water, hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and various oxidized nitrogen radicals such as nitrite ion (NO2), nitric oxide NO-, dinitro trioxide (N2O3), nitro dioxide (NO2), peroxynitrite (ONOO), hydroperoxynitrite (ONHO2), oxypermanganate MnO5). The mixture of these different free radicals has instant and high antimicrobial activities against populations of various microorganisms such as viruses (herpes, pox, influenza, retrovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis, etc.), bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, listeria, E. coli, pseudomonas, lesions, bacilli, spores ...), fungi (fungi and molds), protozoa (amoebae, cryptosporidia, etc.).

The outflow also induces an oxidative reaction of the organic and metallic micropollutants and a bleaching of the organic substrates contained in the liquid effluents and in the sewage sludge. The outflow can also be applied by sprinkling on fatty organic solid waste from purification plants which it causes degradation by accelerated oxidation. Similarly, the above device is advantageously used to oxidize volatile aromatic compounds and inorganic compounds present in fumes and industrial gases. This type of application consists of injecting and diffusing and bubbling the polluted fumes and gases into a chamber through an aqueous solution of oxygen radicals. Accelerated oxidation leads to the partial or total degradation of aromatic compounds and minerals present. Similarly, the device according to the invention used for the treatment of natural waters polluted by agricultural pesticides such as atrazine and simazine, makes it possible to obtain an effective radical oxidation of these pollutants as well as their significant decrease in water. The results obtained indicate that a single treatment of water with ozone (3 minutes at 4 mg / L) reduces the initial atrazine content by 50%. The use of the device according to the invention leads to a 90% reduction of atrazine for an ozone dose equal to 1 mg / L and for a H2O2 / O3 ratio = 0.4 g / g.

The apparatus thus obtained is intended for the treatment of raw water or the regeneration and decontamination of wastewater. To do this, the device according to the invention is used in circuit connected to pre-existing installations of a water treatment chain. The complementary combination of the device according to the invention with these installations leads to accelerated production of oxygen free radicals and catalytic oxidation of organic and metallic micropollutants. The flow of water out of the unit can be connected to an activated carbon device that fixes and retains residual organic compounds and metal oxides. Conclusions The catalytic generator with immobilized oxidoreductases, associated with the generator of electromagnetic fields in the device according to the invention makes it possible to produce in a practical manner, from various specific chemical compositions, a continuous and hyperactive flow of oxygenated free radicals and oxidized substrates. in vapor or liquid phase, usable for the sanitization of different liquids (milk, wine, fruit juice, ovo products, water, etc.), and for the cleaning and decontamination of agricultural products, surfaces and industrial materials as well as for the detoxification and cleaning of polluted fluids (water and air) and for the destructive treatment and recycling of sewage sludge and organic waste.

The invention has been described above with reference to embodiments given as pure examples. It goes without saying that it extends to all forms of achievements covered by the appended claims. In particular, any type of generator of ionized molecules and / or free chemical radicals and any type of electromagnetic field generator may be used, insofar as: these generators are used in combination, in particular simultaneously or sequentially, and the density and intensity of the magnetic fields are chosen so as to amplify the specific chemical and biological reactivities of the molecules and / or radicals generated by the generator of ionized molecules and / or free chemical radicals.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device for decontamination and sterilization, in particular for food or agricultural products, fluids or industrial equipment, characterized in that it comprises: a first generator of ionized molecules and / or free chemical radicals, and a second generator electromagnetic fields of predetermined density and intensity, said first and second generators being configured to operate in a combined manner, in particular simultaneously or sequentially. 2. Decontamination and sterilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that said first generator is an enzymatic catalysis generator, containing in fixed form enzymes substantially belonging to the group of oxidoreductases, and producing transition ionized molecules and / or free chemical radicals oxygenated in liquid or gaseous flows. 3. Device for decontamination and sterilization according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said second generator comprises at least one solenoid solenoid coil capable of generating oscillating magnetic fields, variable in density and intensity. 4. Device for decontamination and sterilization according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said second generator comprises at least one magnet in the form of a plate (6) or cartridge capable of generating constant magnetic fields, density and determined intensity. 5. A decontamination and sterilization device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said enzymatic generator is arranged in the format of a microfiltration plane module having an inlet (1) and an outlet (5) and consists of a successive and alternating stack of support plates (2) able to support membranes, and membranes (3), these plates (2) and these membranes (3) being clamped between the two end plates of a filter press, the faces of the support plates (2) having grooves facilitating the turbulence of the fluids and the collection of the filtrate. 6. A decontamination and sterilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one membrane (3) is synthetic and carriesixed immobilized enzymes, beta-galactosidase type, glucose oxidase and lactoperoxidase. Decontamination and sterilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that the membranes (3) are synthetic membranes carrying an enzyme mixture consisting of plant peroxidase of horseradish, nitrate reductase and nitric oxide. synthetase, said planar module comprising a proximal series of grafted nitrate reductase-bearing membrane support plates, a median series of grafted nitric oxide synthetase-bearing membrane support plates, and a terminal series of membrane support support plates. grafted peroxidases. 8. Device for decontamination and sterilization according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a closed chamber in which are arranged at least one enzymatic catalysis generator associated with at least one pulsed electric field generator the electric field generated by said at least one pulsed electric field generator being of very high intensity of the order of 35 kV / cm, in the form of pulses of very short durations of the order of one microsecond. 9. Device for decontamination and sterilization according to one of claims 2, 3 or 5 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a closed chamber in which are arranged at least one enzymatic catalyst generator associated with at least one generator of a pulsed magnetic field with electromagnets of variable intensity from 5 to 50 Tesla, with a pulse frequency of 5 to 500 kHz, said chamber being configured so that various fluids, solutions and products loaded with free radicals pass through it. 10. Method for decontamination and sterilization, in particular for food or agricultural products, fluids or industrial materials, comprising the steps of: - producing, by specific enzymatic catalysis, a plurality of ionized molecules and / or free chemical radicals oxygenated in continuous liquid or gaseous flows; to amplify the specific chemical and biological reactivities of said radicals by constant or oscillating electromagnetic fields, and to apply said ionized molecules and / or said radicals whose chemical reactivities have been amplified, to a fluid, a food or agricultural product, or a material intended to be decontaminated or sterilized.