FR2961447A1 - System for supplying electric energy to trolley-boat i.e. container carrier, has connection assemblies for independently connecting segments of power supply track with electric supply line in selective way - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has an electric energy collecting, transferring and storing equipment electrically coupled with an electric supply line (12) that is connected with a current generator. Pantograph articulated arms (18-21) allow collecting electrical current by friction on a power supply track to guarantee permanent electrical contact with the track and charge storage batteries (58) of a trolley-boat (1). Connection assemblies independently connect segments of the track with the electric supply line in a selective way.

Description

Electric power supply system for a trolley-boat going to sea, in particular for a container ship. The present invention relates to a power supply system for a floating structure, designed and equipped for navigation, powered by a power line with which it is in contact most of the time with its maritime traffic. There are interface systems for the transfer of electrical energy between a ship and a port facility that use submarine cables and power connectors to establish a connection state to provide an electrical power connection between a cable device submarine and electrical equipment on board the ship. Such an interface system is described in patent application FR 2 877 509 - A1 (2006). There are electrical power supply systems for a ship that include a DC grid powered from batteries, and an AC grid with motor-driven generators: gas or diesel engine. The AC and DC networks are interconnected so that electrical energy can be exchanged between them and that, in particular, electrical energy can be taken from the DC network and transmitted to the AC network. Such a system is described in patent application EP 1 519 872 - A2 (2004).

There are ground-based power supply circuits, in particular for tramways, which comprise two traffic lanes each having a segmented supply track, where the segments of the supply tracks are connected independently and selectively to a power line. power supply common to both power tracks. Such a circuit, which allows tramway-type vehicles to pick up by means of a sliding shoe the electric traction energy necessary for their movement, is described in patent application FR 2 927 025 - A1 (2009). ). There are offshore wind turbine installation processes far from the coast and in depths up to 100 m. Such a process is described in patent application FR 2 849 877 - A1 (2004). This value is compared to the depths of the seas of Northern Europe: the Baltic - the average is 56 m, the maximum is 459 m; the North Sea - the average is 95 m, with depths found in the southern part of the order of 40 m, the maximum is 700 m; The Channel - the average is 54m, the maximum is 172m. In case of cabotage on the seas of the North European, it is about the adaptation to the depths of 40 to 60 meters. There are systems allowing the fluvial circulation of boats hung on a power line. Such a system is used by the Toueur: a winch boat that tows a row of barges (32 on average) in the Rureval underground tunnel, 5670 meters long. This boat is hauled on a chain of 8 kilometers, which rests at the bottom of the canal; he can not turn around, he is in solidarity with his chain both on and off. The Toueur is powered by a continuous current of 600 volts and its average speed is 2.5 km / h. The ventilation of the underground is insufficient to be able to evacuate the exhaust gases of the barges, which must obligatorily extinguish their engines and be towed by the Toueur. The power line installations resemble those of a trolley bus: the two cables of the line are suspended above the canal and fixed either to the pylons, arranged on each side of this waterway, or to the tunnel vault - hence the name of the boats of this type - "trolleys-bateaux". The small range of motion of the Toueur allows this trolley-boat to circulate on the channel while being attached to the power line, but this device is not applicable to maritime traffic.

The movements of a trolley-boat at sea are more varied and the difference between the extreme values of a movement is considerable, - therefore, the installations on the boat and for the power supply line require a radically different solution. . The technical problem is to allow a trolley-boat to circulate at sea while remaining attached to a power supply track installed along its sea route and to be able to feed the said runway using a transmission line. 'electricity. To this end, the subject of the invention is a system for supplying electrical energy for a trolley-boat going to sea, in particular for a container ship, comprising; -Equipment for collecting, transferring and storing electrical energy of a ship intended to be electrically coupled to an electrical supply line, -a common power supply line to two trolley-boat traffic lanes mutually parallel and permanently connected to a current generator, as well as a method and a device for connecting a power supply track, including a succession of track segments, between a trolley-boat and a power line. power supply, - characterized in that: - the equipment of the trolley-boat includes articulated arms of the pantograph type enabling the electrical current to be picked up by friction on the electrical supply track by means of a device placed at their end to guarantee permanent electrical contact with said track and charge the storage batteries of said trolley-boat, and it comprises connection sets able to load from s storage batteries and to connect independently and selectively segments of the power tracks to the power supply line. According to particular embodiments, the electric power supply system comprises one or more of the following characteristics: the current generator, called "substation", is connected to the end of the electric supply line that it can supply either direct current or alternating current; - the substation is twinned with a substation of the electricity transmission network, called "source station", both built inside the same floating physical enclosure; - the source station is built in a high-voltage power line connecting two substations of the electricity transmission network; - the substation comprises two single-phase transformers, - one in permanent service and the other in emergency; - The power supply line includes a power cable and a power return cable; the power cable and the power return cable each comprise electrical cables embedded in a sleeve; the power supply line is common to the two mutually parallel trolley-boat traffic lanes, each having a power supply track; the power supply track comprises conductive track segments, insulating track segments and current return track segments forming either an overhead contact line or an underwater contact line; - The overhead contact line comprises a succession of blocks, called "aerial contact profiles" (PAC), each gathering a conductive segment and two insulating segments at its two ends, separated by aerial contact wires (FAC) which play the the role of back-flow segments, with FACs and PACs having the same cross-sectional area and span; the underwater contact line comprises a succession of conducting track segments and insulating track segments disposed between two undercurrent return rails fixed on the lower face of the upper horizontal wall of a support segment, called "mushroom", the conductive segments and the insulating segments are placed in a longitudinal groove that forms the upper face of the upper horizontal wall of the mushroom each having the same cross section as said groove, keeping the rounded shape of said upper face; - the contact line is installed either on the aerial part of towers fixed to the seabed, or on floating support stations, called "S-stations", or on submarine structures fixed to the seabed, called "structures- H "; the current return segments are either connected directly to the ground by means of the earth connections and the metallic structure of the supports, or connected to the current return cable, itself being put at a voltage of zero volts; the switching means comprise simple switch assemblies with two inputs and an output, a switch being respectively connected to a conductive track segment and integrated in a connection assembly making it possible to connect independently any of the conductive segments of two tracks. supply to the common power supply line; - The common power supply line is located between the two feeder tracks either buried in the seabed, suspended below the waterline between floating support stations, or tied above the waterline. sea to pylons attached to the sea floor. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, made with reference to the appended figures, and which illustrates, without any limiting character, preferred embodiments of the embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1 shows a side view of a container-type trolley-boat (TB) carrying contact lathes, displacement-positioning devices for articulated arms which ensure the transfer of energy to the interface TB electric. FIG. 2 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a parcel of the set of S-stations carrying overhead contact lines for two TB circulation paths in opposite directions to each other.

3 shows a front view of half of an air bow, called "bow-A", the device that captures the electric current by friction on the supply track by ensuring permanent contact with said track, and the hollow rim of a pulley around which an overhead contact wire is placed. FIG. 4 represents a top view of an H-structure carrying a connection assembly and segments of support segments of two submarine contact lines for two TB circulation paths in opposite directions to one of the other. FIG. 5 shows the corresponding mushroom-shaped cross-section support segment at a scale of 1/5 to the plane-view section of the underwater contact line at the AA mark in FIG. 4 , and a cross-section of an underwater bow, called "S-bow", - the device that captures electrical power by friction on the power track and guarantees permanent electrical contact with the underwater line of contact. With reference to these drawings, the electric power supply system for a TB going to sea, in particular for a container ship, is presented in two embodiments: aerial and underwater, depending on the depth of the sea and the geography of the place of passage of the supply line. The marine support line is a set of supports that ensures the passage of the power supply tracks (2, 3) and their supply of electricity; the elements of this set are either floating support stations (34, 38), or support structures (39), or pylons. These elements are accompanied by connection assemblies (13, 14, 15) able to charge storage batteries (57, 59) and selectively connect track segments (5, 7, 9, 11) to a power line. power supply (12) connectable to terminals of a transformer (35) of a substation (34). When for any reason a parcel of the marine support line is no longer supplied with electricity, the power supply tracks in question may continue to feed the TBs, which pass through this part of the marine support line, using the accumulated power reserves in the batteries (57, 59) installed on the support assembly. The substation provides known electrical voltages in the transport, in particular on the rail network: 1.5 kV for DC power supply or 25 kV for single-phase 50 Hz AC power supply. AC power supply is simpler to implement, requires electrical substations spaced from 50 to 70 km and these are less complicated with a cost far less than that of the 1.5 kV supply with the sub-stations. stations 10 to 15 km away. Depending on the type of current used, the bow (16, 17) has a shoe with a different contact surface: larger in 1.5 kV than in 25 kV. For all embodiments, a substation - it is a floating construction, paired with an electrical substation, installed according to the current used every 10 to 70 km, in artery break locations on a high voltage line (29). From this cut-out comes a transfer cable (30), the other end of which is connected to a power strip connector (31) adapted to the power connector of said substation for making an electrical power connection (32). between the submarine cable device of an electricity transmission line (29), electrical connection equipment (14) on board the substation (34) and the power supply line (12) for the TBs, by means of a transfer cable (28a) connected to the terminals of the transformer (35). Two electric power supply lines are installed according to the invention on board the TBs: a DC network fed from the contact line and batteries as an on-board network and for driving operations and an alternating current (AC) network fed from the nip for normal walking workouts. The AC and DC networks are interconnected so that electrical energy can be exchanged between them to be able to continuously supply the propulsion electric motor and the onboard network.

The TB carries two pantograph systems and rechargeable Li-ion type batteries from the power supply tracks, - this arrangement provides the benefits of a hybrid power supply and allows the TB to be powered by all its energy. non-stationary journey when it is detached from the electrical supply track due to a failure on the contact line or the absence of the latter on a part of the non-electrified path. FIG. 1 shows a container-type TB (1) having the following characteristics, given solely by way of example: propulsion - an electric motor (62) of power: 10,000 kW; - the maximum speed: 20 nd, speed in service: 16 nd; - ballasting by batteries (58) Li-ion type; - the service tower (64) back; - the interface and the associated power plant (63), driven by an on-board computer, called "O3C", - said computer manages electrical currents, contacts with the feed track and switching processes; the distance between a medium air transfer arm (19) and a bow transfer arm (20): 45 m, same for the articulated arm (18) of the transom, each of the three air transfer arms being manipulated, to keep his A-bow (16a, 16b, 16c) hooked to the overhead contact line, by a motorized mechanism (42, 43, 44), called "wagon", the latter moving on rails (77) at the top of a contact tower (46, 47, 48), said rails being as long as the maximum width of the TB; - the maximum air draft of the TB on ballast and without the transfer arms: 47 m; the submarine transfer arm (21), called "Trombone", with the length of the modifiable tube, inside which passes an electromechanical cable (51), called "cable-EM", comprising: a power cable and a current return cable, each of these electrical cables being covered with an insulating layer, as well as a mechanical traction cable, all three being embedded in a sheath; the positioning mechanism (45), being placed below the middle contact tower (47), manipulates the trombone (21), the lengths of its tube and the EM-cable (51) are modified according to the distance between the mouth of said trombone and the bow-S (17).

From Figure 2, where there is shown an overhead mode using floating S-stations (34, 38) with sea depths not exceeding 60 m, a Substation (34) is fed by a line to high voltage (29) connecting two electrical stations, not shown in the drawing, of the electricity transmission network, for example: an electrical station for evacuating a field of floating wind turbines and a terrestrial electrical station . The Substation transforms the line voltage (29) of the transmission grid (225 kV or 400 kV) into a supply line voltage (12) for the TB (25 kV) which supplies alternating current a seaway section of about 50 km. The power supply line (12) feeds the ordinary S-stations (38) via transfer cables (28b) with at their end an electrical power connector (60) adapted to the power connector of said S-station for making an electric power connection (33) between the submarine cable device of said power supply line, buried in the seabed (36), and electrical connection equipment (13) on board of said station-S. The connection assemblies (13, 14) make it possible to connect the current return segments (4, 6) to the zero-volt potential and to selectively and clearly feed the conductive segments (5, 7) of the overhead contact lines. (2) for two TB traffic lanes in opposite directions (88, 89). To better understand this aerial embodiment of the invention, the S-stations are given the following characteristics, given solely by way of example: the distance between the centers of the neighboring S stations (34, 38): 120 m; - the span of the PAC including a conductive segment (5) and two insulating segments (22, 23): 60 m; - the range of the FAC or the distance between the pulleys (49b and 49c) of the neighboring S-stations: 60 m; - the length, measured in the longitudinal direction of the nip (2): 40 m - for ordinary S-stations (38), 40 m and over - for substations (34), depending on the power consumed on the section of Seaway that said Substations feed; - the width, measured in the transverse direction of the nip (2): 40 m, - for all support stations (34, 38); - Ballasting by Li-ion type batteries (57) for ordinary S-stations (38), ballasting by electrical transformers (35) and accompanying equipment for electrical substations (34); - two supports (54) for the PACs, in the form of bars of 60 m parallel to the length of the station-S, are fixed in such a way that their center is projected on the transverse central line of a station-S at 10 m from the edge of it, outside; - the height of an overhead contact line above the waterline (37): 50 m; the radius of action of an S-station (34) including a PAC (5 and 22, 23) bordered by two adjacent half-lengths of the neighboring FAC (4, 6): 120 m; - The FAC (4, 6) is held under mechanical tension by a system of heavy cylindrical (55) and connected by the system of sliding shoes (50) to the current return cable, itself being permanently connected to the neutral of substation (34); - Heavy (55) navigate in tubes with which they are in sliding contact established by series of rollers - this advantageous arrangement allows the heavy to maintain the FAC under mechanical tension in any position of a station-S; the FACs (4, 6) are at a sufficient isolation distance from the conductive segments (5, 7) bordered at their ends by insulating segments (22, 23, 24), in addition, a small an interval, called a "break", separates the insulating segments of the FAC allowing them to pass freely through the pulley system to cling to the heavy (55); - the cross section of each of the three types of track segment is the same - a disc with the radius R equal to 22 mm, - but their structures are different: 1) an insulating segment (22, 23, 24) - c ' is a cylinder of revolution made of glass, ceramic or synthetic material, the length of which varies as a function of the supply voltage and the atmospheric conditions to which the overhead contact line is exposed, - for example, made of the same materials as the insulators used on high-voltage lines - chains of small plates, each sufficient to isolate 20 kV; 2) a FAC (4, 6) - it is an aluminum-steel cable of about 180 m, with the electrical layer thickness of about 5 mm and the fiber optic cable placed in the center to provide communication between S-stations; 3) a conductive segment (5, 7) - this is a tube of about 60 m of cadmium copper, with the electrical layer thickness of about 10 mm, suspended by means of a system of hooks of type "chisel", the latter pierce said tube over and withdraw at the time of passage of the bow-A TB; the other electrical cables, in this aerial embodiment of the invention, are in the form of electric cables known in the transport and distribution of electrical energy, the cables are each provided with a hermetic sheath and have a section that can vary between 70 and 500 mm2. The characteristics of the electricity collection mechanism of this embodiment of the invention will be better understood with the aid of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. Three devices determine the operation of said mechanism: the bow-A (16) , having the following functions; adjusting the energy by means of the copper contact horns (72) 12 mm wide, on which are fixed carbon contact strips (101), acting as scrapers on the overhead contact line (2), transmitting to the air transfer arm (18, 19, 20) this electrical energy via the switch-switch (76), giving the contact horns the ability to open / close very quickly, and a transfer cable, passing from the bow-A to the transfer arm without hindering the movements of this device, - measuring the distance between a pulley (49) closest to the device, in the direction of travel of a path (88, 89) of the TB (1), and the horns of contact, -define with respect to the latter the movement of the overhead contact line by emitting an electrical signal reflecting the state of the sensors of this device - a "ball" sensor (73) being depressed, a port-starboard electrical contact (74) and / or "up-down" (not shown) being established, the angle indicator (75) being engaged, etc., detaching from the overhead contact line (2) when it is no longer powered by electricity or when it undergoes traction exceeding a certain limit; the electromechanical set of air transfer and positioning (EETP-A), including: the articulated arms (18, 19, 20), the carriages (42, 43, 44) and the contact lathes (46, 47, 48); ), a car (42), moving on the rails (77) fixed on the roof of the tower-contact (46), on one side, remains in permanent contact with a wire (78) which goes directly to the electrical interface (63) of the TB, on the other hand, manipulates and carries the air transfer arm (18) to a position calculated to be able to keep the bow-A (16c) in permanent contact with the overhead line ( 2), while keeping said arm across the longitudinal axis of the TB (1); the electrical interface (63) driven from the service tower (64) by an on-board computer, called "O3C", analyzing the electrical signal from the A-bow and triggering one of the reaction processes of the EETP-A; the choice of the process being a function of positioning, speeds, and acceleration of the participants in the movement: the nearest S-stations, the TB and the EETP-A itself; a moving reaction method, the Wagonnet, the air transfer arm, the -A-arch, until the disappearance of the signal or the arrival of a new one, sent by said bow-A; the data being collected by the radio or by the modulation of the electric current which passes through the overhead contact line. In operation, when a container-type TB travels along the overhead line (2) in the direction of travel of a taxiway (88), the three A-bows (16a, 16b, 16c) hooked on said line pass from a FAC (4) to a PAC (5 and 22, 23), then to the following FAC (6) and, from the latter, to the conductive segment (7), bordered by the insulating segment (24), from the neighboring S station (38) by "jumping" the ruptures that separate them. The O3C handles these Jumps according to the information collected by the A-Bows (16): the horns (72) of a jumping A-bow open shortly before the end of the segment that said A-bow must leave and enclose immediately on the segment following the Break. The distances of approximately 60 m separating the pulleys (49a, 49b and 49c) on the overhead contact line (2), being a function of the characteristics assigned to the S-stations, and the intervals of approximately 45 m which are respected between the A-bows (16a, 16b, 16c) being ensured by the positioning of the Towers-Contact (46, 47, 48) and the holding of the air transfer arms (18, 19, 20) across the longitudinal axis TB (1), - create, according to the invention, conditions well suited to this aerial embodiment of the electrical power supply system for a TB.

This advantageous arrangement, where; the interval between two neighboring bows-A (16a-16b or 16b-16c) of a TB is smaller than the distance between two adjacent pulleys (49a-49b or 49b-49c) of an overhead contact line ( 2), therefore: 45 m <60 m, and -the double (16a - 16c) of said interval is greater than said distance, in our example: 2 - 45 m = 90 m> 60 m, - makes it possible to hold said bows -A in three different states: two bows-A, being subjected to voltages of 25 kV and 0 volts, in the states called respectively "25kV" and "OV", and the third, being put out of the electrical circuit by light take-off switch takeoff (76), in the state called "Off", allowing this A-bow to be available for a Jump, the first two bows-A continuing to feed the TB. The aerial transfer arms (18, 19, 20) carrying these A-bows act as pantographs, respectively called "pantograph-25kV", "pantograph-0V" and "pantograph-Out", the latter being guided by the O3C to accompany his bow-A, called "jumper", before, during and after the jump. While an A-bow jumps, the O3C analyzes the situation and triggers one of two processes chosen according to the Sauter's positioning relative to the direction of the TB (1): one, called "Premier", for the Jumper who is in first position in the running direction of a taxiway (88) of the TB (1) and the other, called "Non-first", for the other two jumpers who are placed respectively in second and third position in said direction. The Non-prime method is simple: 1) the O3C asks the question `Who is the Sautor-following? ', - it gets the answer by comparing the distances between the pulleys and the horns in the direction of march of the TB; 2) the O3C asks the question `Is the next-hopper in state '25kV'? ', - if the answer is' yes' - the air transfer arm that carries the jumper hooks the latter to the next segment and receives from the O3C the function of the "pantograph-25kV" by putting its bow-A in "25kV" state, - otherwise - said transfer arm catches the jumper to the next segment and obtains the function of the "pantograph- 0V "by putting his bow-A in the" OV "state; 3) The O3C grants the airlift arm that carries the Sautor-following the function of the "pantograph-Out" by putting its bow-A in the "Out" state. The Premier method is a little more elaborate: 1) the 03C asks the question `Who is the Sauteur-suivant? ', - he receives the answer by comparing the distances between the pulleys and the horns in the direction of march of the TB; 2) the O3C asks the question `Is the next-hopper in state '25kV'? ', - if the answer is' yes' - the process ends with the following sequence of steps in which: a) the aerial transfer arm carrying the jumper hooks the latter to the next segment, b) the O3C orders the connection assembly (13) of the next station-S (38) to feed its conducting segment (7) in 25 kV, c) the 03C gives the transfer arm that carries the Sauteur the function of the "25kV pantograph" by putting its bow-A in "25kV" state, d) the 03C grants the air transfer arm carrying the Sauteur -following the function of the "pantograph-Off" and, at the same time or later, puts his bow-A in the "Out" state, e) the 03C orders the connection set (14) of the previous station-S (34) to connect its conductive segment (5) to the current return cable which is under a voltage of 0 volts, - otherwise - the process ends with the succession of steps followed (a) the transfer arm hooks the Jumper to the next segment and takes the function of "pantograph-0V" by putting its bow-A in "OV" state, b) 03C grants the air transfer arm bearing the Jumper - following the function of the "pantograph-Out" and put his bow-A in the "Out" state. Advantageously, this mode of supply of electrical energy can be applied to electrified parts of motorways of the sea, called "lines of the motorways of the sea supply system" or "lines-SAAM".

According to a variant, not illustrated, when the sea depths along the TB taxiways exceed 60 m, the power supply line (12) for the TB is no longer buried in the sea floor, but suspended in depth of about 50 m between the support stations (34, 38); the latter are fixed to the seabed to the depths defined by the technological limits of the field of installation of offshore floating platforms, - for even greater depths, a support station is retained in its place, predefined by the marine support line, by means of four reversible motors, installed two by two on two adjacent sides of said support station and guided by the GPS system. According to another variant, not shown in the drawings, the power supply line can be hooked directly to the emergent part of the telescopic towers, fixed to the seabed every hundred meters or so, and the two feed tracks, for two lanes parallel to each other, will be attached to support bars that resemble those (54) of the S-stations. The support bars will be fixed on a transverse bar and at a distance equal to the electrical supply line, - said crossbar being attached to the telescopic pylon to keep the feed track segments at the same distance above This advantageous geometry saves electrical cables by arranging the passage of the power supply line at the same height as that of the power supply tracks. Such a device makes it possible to avoid shuttles between the subsurface soil (36) and the support bars (54) above the waterline (37). Another embodiment of the invention makes it possible to approach the feed tracks of the power supply line buried in the seabed, - said tracks take the form of a submarine contact line passing to depths. less than 60 m. This embodiment will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, given by way of example and with reference to drawings 1, 4 and 5. The power supply tracks (3, 3a) for two TB circulation paths in opposite directions (90, 91), are carried by rigid and hermetic support segments (40), called "mushrooms", having in cross section the general shape of a mushroom, able to oppose any tilting of said supports around their longitudinal axis and to ensure the passage of an apparatus (17), called "S-bow", for sensing electric current by friction on the track d (3) and to ensure permanent electrical contact with said track. The submarine contact line (3) comprises a succession of conductive track segments (9, 11) and insulating track segments (8, 10) arranged between two current return rails (25, 26) fixed on the lower face of the upper horizontal wall (41) of the mushroom (40); said conductive segments and said insulating segments are placed in a large longitudinal groove (52) that forms the upper face of the upper wall (41) of said mushroom, each having, in their covered portion, the same cross section as said groove, in occupying respectively about three quarters and a quarter of its length, while maintaining, in their open side, the rounded shape of said upper face. The S-bow (17) has a greater length than the continuation of at least two conductive track segments separated by an insulating segment.

The two ends of the lower horizontal planes of the two adjacent mushrooms are placed on a base of a peripheral part (71), called "aileron", of a structure (39), called "structure-H", and fixed to the horizontal plane. lower (27) of said flap with bolts (82).

The H-structures in their central part (15) are hooked, by means of a central hermetic fixator (53), to the output device of the feed line (12) at the surface of the sea floor and are stabilized, at using the batteries (59, 59a) placed at the bottom of manholes above the electrical cables (65, 66), on each side of said central fixator; the peripheral portions (71, 71a) of said H-structures are bolted, with bolts (81) and grounding plugs (56), to the sea floor (36). The interval (70) between the central portion (15) and the fin (71) is of the order of 30 m and comprises flexible and / or articulated structures to keep a safety distance of about 60 m between two directions of circulation (90, 91) of TB and to install the different parts (15, 71, 71a) of the H-structure (39) on different levels of the sea floor. We will now describe the arrangements of the invention for connecting together different parts constituting this embodiment. Electrical substations, 10 to 15 km apart, provide an electrical voltage of 1,500 volts to supply DC power to the power supply line (12) buried in the seabed. In the variant described here, the power supply line (12) feeds the H-structures (39) via transfer cables which rise, at the regular interval of 5.5 m, to the surface of the ground marine, having at their end an electrical power connector (61) adapted to the power connector of said H-structure, to establish with a hermetic fixer (53) a state of electrical and mechanical connection between the device of submarine cables (65, 66) of said power line (12) and connecting equipment of the central portion (15) of said H-structure.

The connection assembly of the central part (15) comprises two switching modules (67, 67a) associated respectively with the two supply tracks (3, 3a) for two directions of circulation (90, 91) of TB, - on Figure 4 only one connection assembly (15) is shown at the adjacent ends of the two support segments (40D, 40G).

Each switching module (67, 67a) comprises; two track outputs, being connected to the conductive track segments (9, 11), two switching command inputs, being connected to cables describing the whole of the small groove formed by the upper face of the upper wall; (41), in a magnetic detection loop (68, 69) so that they surround said conductive track segments (9, 11), as well as 220-volt electrical cables, which serve to supply different detection modules and of commutation. The detection loop (68, 69) is connected at its ends to a device capable of detecting a slight overvoltage which signals the passage of an S-bow (17), the current induced in said loop triggers the detection means which , in turn, control a switch. Each switching module (67, 67a), being connected to the power cable (65) and the power return cable (66) in two line inputs, comprises: two switches capable of connecting the outputs of the track to the first or second line input selectively according to the commands supplied to the control inputs, -a device adapted to charge the Li-ion batteries (59, 59a) during the period when the circulation of TB is low, and - a 1.500 / 220 volt transformer.

The aileron seat (71) comprises two power connector-connectors respectively dedicated to the two mushrooms (40D, 40G) installed on said fin. Each power strip connector comprises: a mechanical-hermetic fastener; a strong power socket for making an electrical power connection between one of the two track outputs of a switching module (67) and the segment of a conductive track (9, 11) of the mushroom (40D, 40G), and a weak socket for connecting the magnetic detection loop (68, 69) associated with this conductive track segment (9, 11) on the one of the two switching control inputs of said switching module.

Thanks to these advantageous connection arrangements, the electric cables (65, 66) are each connected to each conductive segment of the two supply tracks (3, 3a) for two directions of circulation (90, 91) of TB, - moreover it is very simple to set up and extract for repair or change the elements constituting this underwater mode of the invention.

In this embodiment, the Mushroom (40) and the S-bow (17) are given the following characteristics, given by way of example only: the support segment (40) has a length of 5.5 m the two conductor segments of a length of 2 m each are separated by an insulating track segment 0.75 m long, placed in the central part of the large longitudinal groove (52), - the remaining parts end of said groove are occupied by insulating track segments (8, 10) with a length of 0.375 m; the base (83) of the support segment (40) is a metal composite section comprising: two stiffeners, each having in cross section the general shape of an "L", being placed symmetrically and at an equal distance from the vertical longitudinal plane which cuts the mushroom (40) into two identical parts, and a sole having a width equal to three intervals between the webs of said stiffeners; - The insulation (84) of plastic fills the interior space of the base (83), delimited by the souls of the two stiffeners and the central portion of the base of said base; - Two sections (85), of insulating material, are respectively contiguous to the two outer portions of the base (83), delimited by one or the other end of the base of said base and the stiffener adjacent to this end of said sole; two stiffeners (92), each having a length of 5 m and presenting in cross-section the general shape of an "L", are respectively pressed against two sections (85) in their lower central part, being held in abutment by means of several transverse rods (93), which receive at each of their ends a bolt (94), - there remains a profile length (85) of 0.25 m at each end of a support segment (40), which is filled in each case by an "L" -shaped profile of a length of 0.5 m, said profile extends longitudinally overlapping the two adjacent ends of the two support segments (40D, 40G) and has a device four bolts (82, 94) allowing it to level the upper face of the upper horizontal wall (41) of said support segments; - the upper horizontal wall (41) of the mushroom (40) is made of insulating material, here plastic, the upper horizontal parts of the two sections (85) forming part of said wall, - the remaining part of the wall (41) mushroom (40), known as the "mushroom head", is attached to the base (83) by means of bolts (86) at the same time as the two current return rails (25, 26), allowing the latter to be permanently connected to the sea floor (36) via said base being attached, with the help of the bolts (82), to the lower metal plane (27) of the fin (71), which is, in turn bolted to the sea floor by means of bolts (81) and earth sockets (56); each of the two conducting track segments carried by a mushroom-type support segment is surrounded by an associated magnetic detection loop; these two loops are respectively connected to two switching control inputs of the two switching modules; said modules belong respectively to the two neighboring H-structures and associated with the same supply track (3) for the same direction of circulation (90) of TB. Such a mushroom-type support segment, in this preferred but nonlimiting case described here, assembled using materials known in the field of underwater construction, has the following dimensions: - length: 5.5 m; height: 0.28 m; - width of the soul: 0.11 m; - width of Head and seat: 0.24 m; - large longitudinal groove: 0.08 m by 0.02 m.

The S-bow (17) surrounds the upper horizontal wall (41) of the mushroom (40) by means of its arc-shaped body and six pairs of articulated arms, each having a current return wheel and a horizontal positioning wheel: - the articulated arms (95) place the freewheel return wheels (96) on the conductive rails (25, 26) and the horizontal positioning wheels (97) on the insulating profiles (85) ; the springs (98) allow a hermetic perimeter (87), made of materials used for the gland bearing in conventional mounting diagrams of a propeller shaft line, to protect segments of conductive track connected to the power cable (65) at the time of passage of a shoe (100); - The hermetically sealed perimeter (87) is fixed at the edge of the underside of the S-bow (17), which is approximately 5 m in length, so that said perimeter can encircle fully. the two magnetic detection loops (68, 69), at the moment they capture the magnetic field scattered by the bow-S; - the wiper (100) has two carbon strips of 8 cm by 4 cm, placed, with the interval of about one meter, in the center of the underside of the bow-S (17), in the transverse direction of the last.

The S-bow (17) is pulled by an electromechanical cable (51), called "EM-cable", the latter being one of the components of the electromechanical underwater transfer and positioning unit (EETP-S). of the TB, comprises: a power cable and a current return cable with a radius of 22 mm, each of these electric cables being covered with an insulating layer, and a mechanical traction cable; all three being embedded in a flexible sheath. The other electric cables in this submarine mode are in the form of electric cables known in the transport, distribution of electrical energy and underwater construction, - the cables are each provided with a hermetic sheath and have a section that can vary between 70 and 500 mm2. The EETP-S, being managed by an on-board computer, called "O3C", comprises: - an underwater transfer arm (21), called "Trombone", inside which the EM-cable (51 ), its length and that of the trombone tube (21) depending on the distance between the mouth of said trombone and the S-bow (17), as well as a positioning mechanism (45), advantageously placed in the middle and below the upper bridge of the TB, thereby reducing the influence of the platform movements of said TB. 03 C, analyzing, periodically; the signal from the S-bow, the coordinates of the H-structures, the velocities, the accelerations of the TB and the EETP-S, calculate, in response to each movement, the appropriate position and length. the Trombone, as well as the length of the EM-cable corresponding to these data, and directs the EETP to make these changes of positions in order to keep permanent contact with the feed track (3); the data being collected by the radio or by the modulation of the electric current which passes through the EM-cable.

The H-structures (39) arranged every 5.5 m emit a signal picked up by the TB and thus indicate to the latter the path; other positioning control means are available: the angle between the longitudinal axis of the TB and the EM-cable (51), and / or floating rods, illuminated in their emergent part, respectively attached to a structure -H over twenty to facilitate the nocturnal navigation of TB.

The mechanical traction cable of the EM-cable (51) is attached to a control device for measuring the level of effort used by the TB during the pulling of the S-bow (17); when the mechanical tension exceeds a certain threshold, said bow-S cuts off power to the conductive segment (9, 11), no longer diffusing a magnetic field above the associated detection loop (68, 69), and engages a rectifying mechanism (99) for vertically positioning the articulated arms (95), triggering an airbag to rise to the surface. Once the electric supply line (12) installed at the bottom of the sea, it goes to the mounting of the underwater support line, comprising the following successive steps in which: 1) is attached to the central portions (15) of the H-structures (39), by means of the central hermetic fixers (53), to the output devices of the power supply line (12) on the surface of the sea floor; and 2) once the sea floor has been prepared at approximately 30 m on both sides of the said power supply line, laying on its surface horizontal rectangles of 1.1 m by 0.5 m every 5.5 m in front of it. from said line exit devices to the surface, the grounding plugs (56) are driven into the seabed (36), four per fin (71); and 3) screwing on said earthenware screws (79), on which one installs the fins (71) which is fixed by means of nuts (80); and 4) on the base of each fin (71), end-to-end, two support segments (40D, 40G) are mounted so that the plugs of said support segments are respectively connected to the two power strip connectors. power of said fin; and 5) the two adjacent ends of the two support segments (40D, 40G) are covered by the "L" type profiles of a length of 0.5 m by leveling the upper face of the upper horizontal wall (41) of said support segments using the four-bolt device (82, 94). In operation, when a coasting trolley-bus TB travels along the underwater support line in the running direction of a taxiway (90), it pulls the bow-S (17). connected between the conductive track segments (9, 11), via the two carbon strips, designated BC1 and BC2, the wiper (100), and the current return rails (25, 26), by the intermediate freewheels (96). When the hermeticity perimeter (87) reaches the most advanced part of the magnetic detection loop (69) as input, said loop sends a control signal to the connecting switch of the associated conducting track segment (11) and this switch connects said conductive segment to the power cable (65). At this time, the BC1 is at the beginning of the conductive track segment (11) and the BC2 is about fifteen centimeters from the end of the conductive track segment (9): the bow-S transmits the power function , called "1.500V" at the BC1 and decommission the BC2, it continues to rub the conductive track segment (9) which remains powered by 1,500 volts.

Subsequently, the hermeticity perimeter (87), which completely covered the two magnetic detection loops (68 and 69), discovers at the output the rear part of the magnetic detection loop (68), said loop sends a control signal to the associated conductor track segment connection switch (9) and this switch connects said conductive segment to the 0V reset cable (66).

After traversing the insulating track segments (8, 10), the BC2 reaches the input of the conducting track segment (11), - the S-bow transmits it the function "1.500 V", then, puts the BC1 out By removing it from the power supply circuit, the BC2 feeds said circuit until the other end of the conductive track segment (11) arrives at about fifteen centimeters from the end of said track segment.

It is at this point that the BC1 touches the input of the next conductive track segment and the airtight perimeter (87) reaches as input the most advanced part of the magnetic detection loop associated with this track segment. driver following the conductor segment (11), and the sequence of operations is repeated.

Alternatively, the S-bow has its own drive mechanism. In all the embodiments of the invention, the advantageous arrangement of a trolley-boat and the installation of a support line along its sea route allow the circulation of the trolley-boat at sea, while remaining hooked to a power supply track, and powering said track by means of a power line. The devices according to the invention are intended for supplying electrical energy to trolley-boats going at sea, in particular of the container-carrier type or trolley-bus coaster, - more specifically, the submarine mode of realization of the invention. will be more advantageous for the coaster trolley-bus and for the navigation of container ships between a line-SAAM and a port, while the aerial mode will be more appropriate to supply the traffic routes of the container-ships on the lines-SAAM.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS1. Electric power supply system for a trolley-boat going at sea, in particular of container-type, comprising: a equipment for collecting, transferring and storing electrical energy of a ship (1) which can be electrically coupled to a power supply line (12); - a power supply line (12) common to two mutually parallel trolley-boat traffic lanes (88, 89, 90, 91) and connectable to a current generator (34) paired with a transmission system substation electricity; - a method and a device for connecting a segmented power supply track (2; 3) between a trolley-boat (1) and an electrical supply line (12), - characterized in that: - the trolley-boat equipment (1) comprises articulated arms of the pantograph type (18, 19, 20; 21) for sensing electric current by friction on the electrical supply track (2; 3) with the aid of an apparatus (16; 17) at the end thereof for permanent electrical contact with said track (2; 3) and charging the storage batteries (58) of said trolley-boat (1), and - it comprises connection sets (13, 14; 15) for charging storage batteries (57; 59) and for selectively and selectively connecting segments of the supply tracks (2; 3) to the power supply line (12). 2. Feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the current generator (34) (substation) transforms the voltage of the line (29) of the electricity transmission network into a voltage of the power supply line (12) for the trolley-boats, said line (12) supplies a section of the seaway of a few tens of kilometers with alternating current, and the power supply track (2) (overhead contact line ) comprises a succession of overhead contact profiles (PAC), each gathering a conductive segment (5) and two insulating segments (22, 23) at its two ends, said PACs are separated by overhead contact wires (FAC) (4). , 6) acting as current return segments, FACs and PACs having the same cross-sectional area and the same span, and FAC (4, 6) is connected by the sliding shoe system (50) to the cable return power from the power supply line (12) a small break separates the insulating segments (22, 23, 24) of the FAC (4, 6) allowing the latter to pass freely through the pulley system to catch the heavy (55) holding the FAC (4). , 6) under mechanical tension, and - an electromechanical set of air transfer and positioning (EETP-A) includes air transfer arms (18, 19, 20), contact lathes (46, 47, 48) and wagons (42, 43, 44) which manipulate and carry said arms (18, 19, 20) to a calculated position to be able to hold the apparatus (16) (bow-A) at their end in permanent contact with the airline contact (2), while keeping these articulated arms (18, 19, 20) across the longitudinal axis of the trolley-boat (1), and -archet-A (16) captures the energy by means of copper contact horns (72) which act as scrapers on the overhead contact line (2), transmit this electrical energy to the air transfer arm (18, 19, 20). through an appendage-switch (76) which gives the contact horns (72) the ability to open / close very quickly, measures the distance between a nearest pulley (49) and said horns ( 72), defines with respect to the latter the movement of the overhead contact line (2) by means of the sensors - a "ball" sensor (73) being depressed, an electrical contact "port-starboard" (74) being set, the angle indicator (75) being engaged, and an electrical interface (63) of the trolley-boat (1) is driven by an on-board computer (O3C) which analyzes the electrical signal from the bow -A (16) and triggers one of the reaction methods of the EETP-A moving the wagon (42, 43, 44), the air transfer arm (18, 19, 20), said bow-A (16) and -the interval between two neighboring bows-A (16a-16b or 16b-16c) of the trolley-boat (1) is smaller than the span of the PAC (5 and 22, 23) or the FAC (6) of a line contact line (2) and the double (16a - 16c) of said gap is greater than said span, allowing the A-bows (16a, 16b, 16c) to be held in three different states - at a voltage of the power line supply (12) for trolleys, at a voltage of zero volts and out of the electrical circuit. 3. Feeding system according to claim 2, characterized in that: -the overhead contact line (2) is installed, at the height of a few tens of meters above the waterline (37), on floating support stations (34, 38) (S-stations) attached to the seabed with an interval of one hundred meters between two neighboring stations -S, and -the power supply line (12), on sections of sea lanes for trolley-boats with sea depths not exceeding a few tens of meters, feeds each of the S-stations (38) via transfer cables (28b) with, at their end, a connector electric power unit (60) adapted to the power connector of the S-station (38) for providing an electrical power connection (33) between the submarine cable device of said buried power supply line (12) in marine soil (36), and electrical equipment connection (13) aboard said S-station (38). 4. Feeding system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the overhead contact line (2) is installed, at the height of a few tens of meters above the waterline (37), on S-stations (34, 38) attached to the seabed, by means of floating offshore platform installation techniques, with the interval of one hundred meters between two neighboring S stations, and -the line power supply (12), on seaway sections for trolley-boats with the sea depths exceeding several tens of meters, is suspended at depth of about fifty meters between the S-stations (34, 38). 5. Feeding system according to claim 2, characterized in that: -the track segments of the two power supply tracks (2) for two trolley-boat traffic lanes (88, 89) are hooked respectively with two aerial support bars fixed on a transverse bar and at an equal distance from the power supply line (12), said transverse bar is hooked to a telescopic pylon making it possible to keep said track segments always at the same distance from a few tens of meters above the surface of the sea, and -the power supply line (12) is installed on the telescopic towers, fixed to the seabed every hundred meters or so, and at the same height as the power supply tracks (2). 6. Feeding system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: -the connection assemblies (13, 14) for connecting the current return segments (4, 6) to zero volt potential and selectively and well-defined power supply for the O3C the conductive segments (5, 7) overhead contact lines (2) for two trolley-boat traffic lanes in opposite directions (88, 89), and -O3C analyzes the situation of passage through a bow-A (Sauteur) of the small break, separating an insulating segment (22, 23, 24) from a FAC (4, 6), and triggers one of the two processes chosen according to the positioning of said jumper relative to the direction of travel of the trolley. boat (1), - A) The "Non-first" process comprises the following successive steps in which: 1) the 03C asks the question `Who is the Sautor-following? ' and gets the answer by comparing the distances between the pulleys (49) and the horns (72) in the running direction of the trolley-boat, 2) the O3C asks the question `Is the next-Sautor in state " Food " ?' - if the answer is 'Yes' - the air transfer arm that carries the Sautcher hooks the latter to the next segment and receives from the O3C the function of "pantograph-Power" by putting its bow-A in " Power supply "- otherwise - said transfer arm hooks the Jumper to the next segment and obtains the function of" pantograph-0V "by putting its bow-A in" OV "state, 3) the O3C grants to the air transfer arm which carries the Jumper-following the function of "pantograph-Out" by putting its bow-A in the "out" state, B) the "first" process comprises the following successive steps in which: 1) the O3C asks the question `who is the Jumper-next? ' and receives the answer by comparing the distances between the pulleys (49) and the horns (72) in the running direction of the trolley-boat, 2) the O3C asks the question `Is the next-Sautor in condition? " Food " ?' - if the answer is 'Yes' - the process ends with the following sequence of steps: a) the air transfer arm carrying the Sautcher hooks the latter to the next segment, b) the O3C orders the connection set ( 13) of the next station-S (38) to feed its conducting segment (7), c) the O3C gives the transfer arm which carries the Sauteur the function of the "Pantograph-Power" by putting its bow-A in "Feeding" status, d) 1'03C attaches to the air transfer arm carrying the Sauteur-suivant the function of the "pantograph-Hors" and, at the same time or later, puts its bow-A in the "Out" state, e) 1'03C instructs the connection assembly (14) of the previous S-station (34) to connect its conductor segment (5) to the current return cable which is at a voltage of zero volts - otherwise - the process proceeds ends with the following sequence of steps: a) the transfer arm hooks the jumper to the next segment and picks up the fo the "0-pantograph" by placing his A-bow in "OV" condition, and (b) the 03C grants the Jumper-following air transfer arm the function of the "Out-pantograph" and sets his A-bow to "Off" state. 7. Feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the substation (34) transforms the voltage of the line (29) of the electricity transmission network into a voltage of the power supply line. (12) for trolley-boats, which supplies a section of the seaway of about fifteen kilometers with direct current, and -the electric supply lines (3, 3a) (submarine contact lines) for two lanes of trolley-boat traffic in opposite directions (90, 91), are carried by rigid and hermetic carrier segments (40) (mushrooms), having in cross section the general shape of a mushroom , capable of ensuring the passage of the apparatus (17) (bow-S) to ensure a permanent electrical contact with the underwater contact line (3), and -the undersea contact line (3) comprises a succession of conductive track segments (9, 11) and insulating track segments (8, 10) arranged between two current return rails (25, 26) fixed on the lower face of the upper horizontal wall (41) of the mushroom (40), said conductive segments (9, 11) and said insulating segments (8, 10) are placed in a large longitudinal groove (52) that forms the upper face of the upper wall (41) of said mushroom (40), each having, in their covered portion, the same cross section as said groove (52), occupying respectively about three quarters and one quarter of its length, keeping in their open side the rounded shape of said upper face of the upper wall (41), and the two ends of the lower horizontal planes of the two adjacent mushrooms (40D , 40G) are established, by means of two hermetic power socket connectors, on a seat of a peripheral part (71) (aileron) of a structure (39) (H-structure), and fixed to the horizontal plane lower metal (27) of said ailero n (71) with bolts (82), and the current return rails (25, 26) are attached to the metal base (83) of the mushroom (40) by means of bolts (86), allowing said rails (25, 26) to be permanently connected to the sea floor (36) via said base (83), the lower horizontal plane (27) of the fin (71) and the earth connections (56). ), and -the electromechanical set of transfer and positioning underwater (EETP-S) of the trolley-boat comprises: an underwater transfer arm (21) (Trombone) with changeable tube length, inside which passes an electromechanical cable (51) (EM-cable), as well as a positioning mechanism (45) placed in the middle and below the upper deck of the trolley-boat (1), and -archet-S (17). ), having a length exceeding that of the sequence of at least two conducting track segments separated by an insulating track segment, surrounds the upper horizontal wall (41) of the mushroom (40) by means of its body arc-shaped and articulated arms (95), which place current return wheels (96) on the conductive rails (25, 26) and horizontal positioning wheels (97) on the insulating portion of the mushroom (40), springs (98) allow a sealing perimeter (87) to protect the conductive track segments (9, 11) connected to the power cable (65) of the power line (12). at the moment of passage of a wiper (100), which picks up the electric current with two carbon bands placed at the center of the underside of said S-bow (17), and -the adjustment hermetic perimeter slider (87) is secured at the edge of the underside of the S bow (17) so that said perimeter (87) can fully encircle at least two magnetic detection loops (68, 69) surrounding the track segments conductors (9, 11) associated with said loops (68, 69). 8. Feeding system according to claim 7, characterized in that: -the trolley-boat (1), moving along the undersea contact line (3) in the direction of travel of a track of circulation (90), pulls the S-bow (17) connected between the conductive track segments (9, 11), via the two carbon strips (BC1 and BC2) of the wiper (100), and the rails current return (25, 26), via the wheels (96), and -Arche-A (17) distributes the magnetic field framed by its hermetic perimeter (87) causing a slight overvoltage in the magnetic detection loop (68, 69) connected at its ends to a device which controls a simple two-input and one output switch of a switching module (67) of the H-structure (39), the current induced in the magnetic detection loop (68, 69) is interrupted when said hermeticity perimeter (87) no longer fully covers said loop (68, 69), and -l at the first magnetic detection loop (69), at the moment when the hermetic perimeter (87) reaches the most advanced part of said loop (69), commands the switch of the connection module (67) to feed the a conductive track segment (11) associated with it, by connecting said track segment (11) from the zero volt cable (66) to the power cable (65) of the power supply line (12), - subsequently , the hermeticity perimeter (87), which completely covered the first and the last magnetic detection loop (69 and 68), discovers at the output the rear portion of the last magnetic detection loop (68), said loop (68) sends a control signal to the connecting switch of the associated lead track segment (9) and said switch connects said track segment (9) to the volt reset wire (66). 9. Feeding system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: -the substation of the electricity transmission network is installed in artery cutout locations on a high voltage power line (29), out of this cut out a transfer cable (30), the other end of which is connected to a connector power strip (31) adapted to the power connector of the substation (34) for performing a power connection (32) between the submarine cable device of the transmission line (29), electrical connection equipment (14) aboard the substation (34) and the line of power supply (12) for trolley boats. -the power supply tracks (2, 3), belonging to a parcel of seaway that is no longer supplied temporarily by the transmission line (29), can continue to feed the trolley-boats, which pass by this electrified seaway section, utilizing the electrical energy reserves accumulated in the batteries (57, 59) installed on the Power System support assembly.