FR2959442A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING PREFORMS OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES - Google Patents
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING PREFORMS OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2959442A1 FR2959442A1 FR1053365A FR1053365A FR2959442A1 FR 2959442 A1 FR2959442 A1 FR 2959442A1 FR 1053365 A FR1053365 A FR 1053365A FR 1053365 A FR1053365 A FR 1053365A FR 2959442 A1 FR2959442 A1 FR 2959442A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- preforms
- head
- fastener
- assembly
- piercing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000491 Polyphenylsulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001652 poly(etherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006258 high performance thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
- B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
- B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
- B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
- B29C66/02241—Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or sawing
- B29C66/02242—Perforating or boring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
- B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
- B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
- B29C35/045—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames
- B29C2035/046—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames dried air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7315—Mechanical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0089—Impact strength or toughness
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
L'objet de l'invention est un procédé d'assemblage d'au moins deux préformes (1, 2) rigides à base de matériau composite thermoplastique pour former une structure à trois dimensions, les deux préformes étant positionnées l'une par rapport à l'autre de manière à ce qu'elles aient au moins une zone de superposition. Selon l'invention, il comprend les étapes successives suivantes : - positionner un ensemble tête de travail (100) et moyen de chauffe (4) dans une région de la zone de superposition pour réaliser un point de jonction (12) par la mise en place d'un organe de fixation (102), ladite tête de travail comprenant une tête de perçage (101) ayant un corps creux ; - chauffer localement cette région avec le moyen de chauffe (4) de manière à ramollir localement la région en regard du moyen de chauffe; - percer cette région au moyen de la tête de perçage, - placer l'organe de fixation (102) dans ledit corps creux tout en maintenant en position ladite tête de perçage (101) dans les préformes ; - faire pénétrer l'organe de fixation (102) dans les préformes au travers dudit corps creux de la tête de perçage (101) au moyen d'un poussoir (103) ; - retirer la tête de perçage (101) et déplacer ledit ensemble pour réaliser le point de jonction suivant ; - répéter ces étapes de manière à former au moins une ligne de points de jonction dans cette zone de superposition.The object of the invention is a method of assembling at least two rigid preforms (1, 2) based on thermoplastic composite material to form a three-dimensional structure, the two preforms being positioned relative to each other. the other so that they have at least one overlapping area. According to the invention, it comprises the following successive steps: - positioning a working head assembly (100) and heating means (4) in a region of the superposition zone to achieve a junction point (12) by setting locating a fastener (102), said working head including a piercing head (101) having a hollow body; - Heating locally this region with the heating means (4) so as to locally soften the region facing the heating means; - Drill this region by means of the piercing head, - place the fastener (102) in said hollow body while maintaining in position said piercing head (101) in the preforms; - penetrate the fastener (102) in the preforms through said hollow body of the piercing head (101) by means of a pusher (103); - removing the piercing head (101) and moving said assembly to achieve the next junction point; repeat these steps so as to form at least one line of junction points in this superposition zone.
Description
PROCÉDÉ ET DISPOSITIF D'ASSEMBLAGE DE PRÉFORMES EN COMPOSITES THERMOPLASTIQUES La présente invention est relative à un procédé d'assemblage de pièces composites thermoplastiques ainsi qu'un dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre un tel procédé. De telles pièces peuvent être notamment utilisées dans l'aéronautique, il peut s'agir de panneaux de fuselage ou bien des structures caissonnées. The present invention relates to a method for assembling thermoplastic composite parts and to a device for implementing such a method. Such parts can be used in particular in aeronautics, it can be fuselage panels or box structures.
Il est connu que les composites thermoplastiques ont des propriétés, notamment mécaniques et chimiques, excellentes pour une masse minimale. Ils présentent de plus une forte rigidité et peuvent présenter une excellente tenue mécanique à des températures élevées. Ces composites thermoplastiques sont constitués de renforts à fibres 10 longues noyées dans une matrice de résine thermoplastique. Ces matrices thermoplastiques présentent de nombreux avantages notamment parce qu'elles montrent un très bon comportement à l'impact par rapport à des matrices thermodurcissables. Elles sont de plus très peu sensibles à la reprise d'humidité. 15 Toutefois les technologies thermoplastiques sont des technologies coûteuses du fait de leur fabrication à hautes températures et du coût des matériaux utilisés. Il serait fortement intéressant de fabriquer des structures comprenant des pièces composites thermoplastiques à faibles coûts. 20 Actuellement, il existe plusieurs méthodes pour l'assemblage de telles pièces composites thermoplastiques qui sont basées sur le principe de soudage. Les deux pièces se recouvrent au niveau de l'assemblage et la zone de recouvrement forme un joint de soudure. De l'état de la technique, on connaît l'assemblage par ultrasons. Les pièces 25 sont superposées et définissent une zone d'interface. Des ultrasons sont appliqués, provoquant une fusion entre les deux pièces dans une région de la zone d'interface. La méthode propose de réaliser ainsi des points de jonction formant un joint de soudure. It is known that thermoplastic composites have properties, including mechanical and chemical, excellent for a minimum mass. They also have a high rigidity and can have excellent mechanical strength at high temperatures. These thermoplastic composites consist of long fiber reinforcements embedded in a thermoplastic resin matrix. These thermoplastic matrices have many advantages in particular because they show a very good impact behavior compared to thermosetting matrices. They are also very insensitive to moisture recovery. However, thermoplastic technologies are expensive technologies because of their high temperature manufacture and the cost of the materials used. It would be highly advantageous to manufacture structures comprising thermoplastic composite parts at low costs. Currently, there are several methods for assembling such thermoplastic composite parts which are based on the welding principle. The two parts overlap at the assembly and the overlap area forms a weld joint. From the state of the art, ultrasonic assembly is known. The pieces 25 are superimposed and define an interface zone. Ultrasound is applied, causing fusion between the two parts in a region of the interface area. The method proposes to thus achieve junction points forming a weld joint.
On connaît également l'assemblage par induction qui consiste à placer un treillis métallique à l'interface entre les deux pièces. Le treillis métallique s'échauffe sous l'effet d'un champ magnétique et transmet sa chaleur aux deux pièces à assembler ce qui provoquer leur fusion. Ce procédé est rendu complexe par le fait que le joint de soudure est rendu électriquement conducteur à cause de la présence du treillis métallique. On connaît l'assemblage par laser dont le rayonnement en passant à travers la matière transparente provoque un échauffement et une fusion des matières se trouvant à l'interface entre les deux pièces. Cette technique ne peut être utilisée que si l'une des pièces à assembler est transparente au rayonnement laser. Outre ces problèmes techniques évoqués ci-dessus, les techniques d'assemblage décrites ci-dessus conduisent à des coûts de fabrication élevés, limitant ainsi une utilisation courante des matériaux en composites thermoplastiques. La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé d'assemblage d'au moins deux pièces en composites thermoplastiques à hautes performances ne présentant pas les limitations et difficultés ci-dessus. Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé d'assemblage à coût 20 réduit. Un but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé d'assemblage à trois dimensions simplifié avec des pièces de taille et de géométrie quelconque, qu'elles soient planes ou courbes même avec plusieurs courbures. Ces pièces que l'on appelle préformes sont constituées de plis assemblés entre eux mais non 25 consolidés. Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé d'assemblage qui conduise à une liaison ayant une résistance mécanique satisfaisante sans avoir à recourir à un renfort métallique de manière à éviter tout problème d'incompatibilité électromagnétique et de dégradation éventuelle causée par la foudre. 30 A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé d'assemblage d'au moins deux préformes rigides à base de matériau composite thermoplastique pour former une structure à trois dimensions, les deux préformes étant positionnées l'une par rapport à l'autre de manière à ce qu'elles aient au moins une zone de superposition. Induction assembly is also known which consists in placing a metal mesh at the interface between the two parts. The wire mesh heats up under the effect of a magnetic field and transmits its heat to the two parts to be assembled which cause their fusion. This process is complicated by the fact that the solder joint is made electrically conductive due to the presence of the wire mesh. Laser assembly is known whose radiation passing through the transparent material causes heating and melting of the materials at the interface between the two parts. This technique can only be used if one of the parts to be assembled is transparent to the laser radiation. In addition to these technical problems mentioned above, the assembly techniques described above lead to high manufacturing costs, thus limiting a current use of thermoplastic composite materials. The object of the present invention is to propose a method of assembling at least two pieces of high performance thermoplastic composites which do not have the above limitations and difficulties. Another object of the invention is to provide a low cost assembly method. An object of the invention is to provide a simplified three-dimensional assembly method with parts of any size and geometry, whether plane or curved even with several curvatures. These so-called preforms consist of folds assembled together but not consolidated. Another object of the invention is to propose an assembly method which leads to a bond having a satisfactory mechanical strength without having to resort to a metal reinforcement so as to avoid any problem of electromagnetic incompatibility and possible degradation caused by the lightning. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a method of assembling at least two rigid preforms based on a thermoplastic composite material to form a three-dimensional structure, the two preforms being positioned relative to one another. other so that they have at least one overlapping area.
Selon l'invention, il comprend les étapes successives suivantes : - positionner un ensemble tête de travail et moyen de chauffe dans une région de la zone de superposition pour réaliser un point de jonction par la mise en place d'un organe de fixation, ladite tête de travail comprenant une tête de perçage ayant un corps creux, ladite tête de perçage étant déplaçable le long d'un axe de déplacement entre une position inactivée où elle est en regard de la région et une position activée où elle vient percer les deux préformes, - chauffer localement cette région avec le moyen de chauffe de manière à ramollir localement la région en regard du moyen de chauffe; - percer cette région au moyen de la tête de perçage, - placer l'organe de fixation dans ledit corps creux tout en maintenant en position ladite tête de perçage dans les préformes; - faire pénétrer l'organe de fixation dans les préformes au travers dudit corps creux au moyen d'un poussoir ; - retirer la tête de perçage et déplacer ledit ensemble pour réaliser le point de jonction suivant ; - répéter lesdites étapes de manière à former au moins une ligne de points de jonction dans la zone de superposition. Le procédé de l'invention permet des améliorations significatives par rapport aux procédés existants notamment lors de la réalisation de l'insertion de l'organe de fixation dans les préformes requérant une grande précision de positionnement. En effet, l'insertion de l'organe de fixation dans les préformes est guidée par la tête de perçage restée au moins partiellement dans les préformes, permettant ainsi de contrôler de manière précise le positionnement de l'organe de fixation par rapport au trou de perçage préalablement créé par la tête de perçage. En outre le fait de chauffer localement la région destinée à recevoir l'organe de fixation permet de faciliter l'opération de perçage et l'insertion de l'organe de fixation, en particulier il est possible d'utiliser des têtes de perçage plus fines. Pour un diamètre de l'organe de fixation allant de 0,5mm à 2,5mm, le diamètre de la tête de perçage sera plus grand de 0,5mm, il pourra donc varier de l mm à 3mm Avantageusement, lors de l'étape du retrait de la tête de perçage, on continue à maintenir en position l'organe de fixation à l'aide dudit poussoir. De cette façon, on évite que le retrait de la tête de perçage entraîne le déplacement de l'organe de fixation dans les préformes. According to the invention, it comprises the following successive steps: - positioning a working head and heating means assembly in a region of the superposition zone to achieve a junction point by the establishment of a fastener, said working head comprising a piercing head having a hollow body, said piercing head being movable along an axis of displacement between an inactivated position where it is facing the region and an activated position where it comes to pierce the two preforms - locally heating this region with the heating means so as to locally soften the region facing the heating means; piercing this region by means of the piercing head, placing the fixing member in said hollow body while maintaining said piercing head in position in the preforms; - To penetrate the fastener in the preforms through said hollow body by means of a pusher; - Remove the piercing head and move said assembly to achieve the next junction point; repeating said steps so as to form at least one line of junction points in the superposition zone. The method of the invention allows significant improvements over existing methods in particular during the implementation of the insertion of the fastener in the preforms requiring high positioning accuracy. Indeed, the insertion of the fastener into the preforms is guided by the piercing head that remains at least partially in the preforms, thus making it possible to precisely control the positioning of the fastener relative to the hole of drilling previously created by the piercing head. Furthermore, the fact of locally heating the region intended to receive the fixing member makes it possible to facilitate the drilling operation and the insertion of the fixing member, in particular it is possible to use thinner drilling heads. . For a diameter of the fastener ranging from 0.5mm to 2.5mm, the diameter of the piercing head will be greater than 0.5mm, it can therefore vary from 1mm to 3mm Advantageously, during the step removal of the piercing head, it continues to maintain the fastener in position with the aid of said pusher. In this way, it is avoided that the withdrawal of the piercing head causes the displacement of the fastener in the preforms.
Avantageusement pendant l'étape de perçage, le poussoir est positionné dans la partie inférieure de la tête de perçage de manière à renforcer l'extrémité de la tête de perçage pour éviter un risque de rupture de la tête de perçage. Avantageusement, la tête de perçage, le poussoir et l'organe de fixation sont agencés de sorte que les axes de la tête de perçage, du poussoir et de l'organe de fixation sont confondus avec l'axe de déplacement. Avantageusement, l'axe de déplacement est confondu avec la normale au centre de la région en cours de perçage. Pour améliorer le perçage et l'assemblage, la tête de perçage est excitée 10 par une source à ultrasons lorsque ladite tête perce les deux préformes pour générer un échauffement local sur la paroi du trou de perçage. L'organe de fixation peut être en matériau métallique suivant les spécifications de l'assemblage. A titre d'exemple, il peut être en Titane pour assembler des éléments caissonés. 15 Cet organe de fixation peut être également en matériau composite thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique. Lorsque cet organe de fixation étant en matériau composite thermodurcissable, on l'a soumis à une cuisson thermique partielle ayant pour effet de polymériser partiellement la résine thermodurcissable d'une part jusqu'à un stade où ledit organe a acquis une stabilité dimensionnelle 20 suffisante pour assurer sa manipulation et d'autre part limité à un stade où le matériau constituant ledit organe a des propriétés thermoplastiques. De préférence pendant l'assemblage, les deux préformes sont maintenues fixes sur leur périphérie sur un outillage rigide spécifique d'encadrement des préformes à assembler 25 Une des préformes peut être un panneau ou un profilé. L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'assemblage pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé tel que défini ci-dessus. Selon l'invention, il comporte - au moins un ensemble tête de travail et moyen de chauffe, ladite tête de 30 travail comportant une tête de perçage ayant un corps creux, ladite tête étant déplaçable le long d'un axe de déplacement entre une position inactivée où elle est en regard de la région à percer de la zone de superposition et une position activée où elle vient percer les deux préformes, un organe de fixation et un poussoir en position d'appui sur ledit organe de fixation étant aptes à venir se loger dans ledit corps creux, ledit poussoir étant déplaçable le long dudit axe de déplacement dans le corps creux pour faire pénétrer l'organe de fixation dans les préformes au travers dudit corps creux ; - des moyens de déplacement de la tête de perçage et du poussoir le long 5 de l'axe de déplacement ; - des moyens de déplacement de l'ensemble tête de travail et moyen de chauffe de manière à ce que cet ensemble suive un chemin à la surface d'une des deux préformes, ce chemin ayant un tracé correspondant à celui d'une ligne de points de jonction obtenue dans la zone de superposition. 10 Il est avantageux de prévoir un moyen d'appui mobile disposé en aval de la tête de travail de manière à presser les deux préformes au niveau du point de jonction qui vient d'être créé pour maintenir en position l'organe de fixation dans les préformes et des moyens de déplacement dudit moyen d'appui mobile. Ce moyen d'appui peut être réalisé par un ou plusieurs galets. La notion d'aval 15 s'entend en fonction du sens de déplacement de la tête de travail. On va maintenant décrire plus en détail le procédé et le dispositif de l'invention ainsi que les divers modes de mise en oeuvre évoqués ci-dessus avec leurs avantages et intérêts respectifs, en se reportant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : 20 - Figure 1 représente un dispositif d'assemblage d'au moins deux préformes selon l'invention ; - Figure 2 illustre schématiquement le principe des différentes étapes constituant le procédé de l'invention. Advantageously during the drilling step, the pusher is positioned in the lower part of the piercing head so as to reinforce the end of the piercing head to avoid a risk of rupture of the piercing head. Advantageously, the piercing head, the pusher and the fixing member are arranged so that the axes of the piercing head, the pusher and the fixing member coincide with the axis of displacement. Advantageously, the axis of displacement coincides with the normal in the center of the region being pierced. To improve drilling and assembly, the piercing head is energized by an ultrasonic source when said head pierces both preforms to generate local heating on the wall of the pierce hole. The fastener may be of metal material according to the specifications of the assembly. For example, it can be made of Titanium to assemble boxed elements. This fixing member may also be made of thermosetting or thermoplastic composite material. When this fastener is made of a thermosetting composite material, it has been subjected to a partial thermal firing having the effect of partially polymerizing the thermosetting resin on the one hand until a stage where said member has acquired a dimensional stability sufficient to ensure its handling and secondly limited to a stage where the material constituting said member has thermoplastic properties. Preferably during assembly, the two preforms are held fixed on their periphery on a specific rigid tool for framing the preforms to be assembled. One of the preforms may be a panel or a profile. The invention also relates to an assembly device for implementing the method as defined above. According to the invention, it comprises - at least one working head assembly and heating means, said working head comprising a piercing head having a hollow body, said head being movable along an axis of displacement between a position inactivated where it is facing the region to be pierced from the superposition zone and an activated position where it comes to drill the two preforms, a fastener and a pusher in a bearing position on said fastener being adapted to come to housed in said hollow body, said pusher being movable along said axis of displacement in the hollow body to penetrate the fastener in the preforms through said hollow body; means for moving the piercing head and the pusher along the axis of displacement; means for moving the working head and heating means assembly so that this assembly follows a path on the surface of one of the two preforms, this path having a path corresponding to that of a line of points junction obtained in the superposition zone. It is advantageous to provide a movable support means disposed downstream of the working head so as to press the two preforms at the junction point that has just been created to hold the fastener in position in the preforms and means for moving said movable support means. This support means can be achieved by one or more rollers. The concept of downstream 15 is defined according to the direction of movement of the working head. The method and the device of the invention and the various embodiments described above with their respective advantages and interests will now be described in greater detail, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. an assembly device of at least two preforms according to the invention; - Figure 2 schematically illustrates the principle of the different steps constituting the method of the invention.
25 On va décrire un exemple de procédé d'assemblage de deux préformes rigides en matériau thermoplastique pour former une structure à 3D selon l'invention en se référant aux figures 1 et 2. On suppose que dans l'exemple décrit l'une des préformes est un panneau 1 et l'autre est un profilé 2 ayant une section sensiblement en T ou en oméga. 30 D'autres types de préformes sont bien sûr envisageables. En particulier le panneau qui est représenté ici est plan, il pourrait être courbe Ces préformes 1, 2 sont rigides, elles sont réalisées en matériau thermoplastique et sont de préférence stratifiées. Pour renforcer leur rigidité, elles peuvent être renforcées en fibres. Les fibres de renfort peuvent être en carbone, en verre par exemple. Comme matériau thermoplastique on peut employer par exemple des résines de type PEI (polyétherimide), PEEK (polyéthéther-cétone), PEKK (polyétherkétonekétone), PPS (polyphénylsulfone), PA (polyamide) et toutes les résines dérivées (mélanges). An example of a method for assembling two rigid preforms made of thermoplastic material will be described for forming a 3D structure according to the invention with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. It is assumed that in the example described one of the preforms is a panel 1 and the other is a section 2 having a section substantially T or omega. Other types of preforms are of course conceivable. In particular the panel which is shown here is plane, it could be curved These preforms 1, 2 are rigid, they are made of thermoplastic material and are preferably laminated. To enhance their rigidity, they can be reinforced with fibers. The reinforcing fibers may be carbon, for example glass. As thermoplastic material can be used for example PEI type resins (polyetherimide), PEEK (polyether-ketone), PEKK (polyetherketoneketone), PPS (polyphenylsulfone), PA (polyamide) and all the resins derived (mixtures).
Pendant l'assemblage 3D, les deux préformes sont maintenues en position sur un outillage d'encadrement 14 par leur périphérie et sont mises en contact perpendiculairement l'une à l'autre. L'assemblage va se faire par insertion d'organes de fixation 102 entre les deux préformes dans la zone de superposition à l'aide d'un dispositif d'assemblage. Ce dispositif comporte une tête de travail 100 couplée à un moyen de chauffe 4 placé en amont par rapport à la tête de travail. La notion d'amont est définie par rapport au sens de déplacement de la tête de travail qui est représenté sur la figure 1 par une flèche. La tête de travail et le moyen de chauffe sont positionnés en regard de l'une des deux préformes dans la zone de superposition. Le moyen de chauffe est activé de manière à chauffer localement et en amont la zone de positionnement de l'organe de fixation. La résine à la surface de l'une des préformes est alors ramollie, rendant la zone moins résistante pour faciliter le perçage et l'insertion de l'organe de fixation. Ce moyen de chauffe peut être par exemple une barrette IR ou une Torche Air qui a pour fonction de ramollir. Sur la figure 1, la tête de travail 100 comprend une tête de perçage 101 ayant une extrémité pointue pour percer les préformes, cette tête de perçage ayant un corps creux dans lequel viennent se positionner un organe de fixation 102 et un poussoir 103. During the 3D assembly, the two preforms are held in position on a framing tool 14 by their periphery and are brought into contact perpendicularly to each other. The assembly will be done by inserting fasteners 102 between the two preforms in the superposition area using an assembly device. This device comprises a working head 100 coupled to a heating means 4 placed upstream relative to the working head. The concept of upstream is defined with respect to the direction of movement of the working head which is shown in Figure 1 by an arrow. The working head and the heating means are positioned facing one of the two preforms in the superposition zone. The heating means is activated so as to heat up locally and upstream the positioning zone of the fixing member. The resin on the surface of one of the preforms is then softened, making the area less resistant to facilitate drilling and insertion of the fastener. This heating means can be for example an IR strip or an Air Torch which has the function of softening. In FIG. 1, the working head 100 comprises a piercing head 101 having a pointed end for piercing the preforms, this piercing head having a hollow body in which a fixing member 102 and a pusher 103 are positioned.
La tête de perçage 101 est déplaçable le long d'un axe de déplacement 8 entre une position inactivée où elle est en regard de la région à percer de la zone de superposition et une position activée où elle vient percer les deux préformes. Le poussoir est déplaçable le long de ce même axe 8 pour venir en appui contre l'extrémité supérieure de l'organe de fixation 102 pour le faire pénétrer dans les préformes. Sur la figure 1, on a représenté la tête de travail dans une positon inactivée avec l'organe de fixation 102 et le poussoir 103 logés dans le corps creux, le poussoir étant en position d'appui sur l'organe de fixation. En pratique, l'ordre de positionnement de l'organe d'assemblage 102 et du poussoir 103 dans le corps creux est en fonction des différentes étapes constituant le procédé d'assemblage qui sont décrites ci-dessus. La tête de perçage 101, l'organe de fixation 102 et le poussoir 103 sont agencés de sorte que leur axes son confondus avec l'axe de déplacement 8. The piercing head 101 is movable along an axis of displacement 8 between an inactivated position where it is opposite the region to be pierced from the superposition zone and an activated position where it pierces the two preforms. The pusher is movable along the same axis 8 to bear against the upper end of the fastener 102 to enter the preforms. In Figure 1, there is shown the working head in an inactivated positon with the fixing member 102 and the pusher 103 housed in the hollow body, the pusher being in the bearing position on the fastener. In practice, the order of positioning of the assembly member 102 and the pusher 103 in the hollow body is a function of the different steps constituting the assembly method which are described above. The piercing head 101, the fixing member 102 and the pusher 103 are arranged so that their axes coincide with the axis of displacement 8.
Selon les modes de réalisation, lors du perçage et de l'insertion de l'organe de fixation 102, ces axes sont également confondus avec la normale au centre de la région à percer. Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, ces axes présentent un angle d'inclinaison par rapport à la normale. La tête de travail 100 et le moyen de chauffe 4 sont reliés respectivement à des moyens de déplacement 10, 9. Ces deux moyens de déplacement sont indépendants. De cette façon, lorsque la tête de travail est positionnée en regard de la région de la zone de superposition pour effectuer l'opération d'assemblage, le moyen de chauffe est déplacé au point suivant pour chauffer localement cette région. On peut tout à fait envisager une autre forme de réalisation dans laquelle le moyen de chauffe et la tête de travail sont commandés par un seul moyen de déplacement qui met en mouvement la tête de travail et le moyen de chauffe l'une après l'autre. De manière connue, les moyens de déplacement peuvent comprendre par exemple un ensemble de déplacement en translation qui permet de déplacer la tête de travail 100 et le moyen de chauffe 4 selon les trois axes X, Y et Z et une articulation offrant deux possibilités de pivotement selon deux axes perpendiculaires entre eux et perpendiculaires à l'axe Z. Ainsi l'articulation permet d'adapter le positionnement de cette tête de travail aux courbures des préformes à assembler. La tête de travail 100 peut ainsi être toujours positionnée perpendiculairement aux préformes à assembler, selon un axe de travail correspondant à l'axe de l'organe de fixation à mettre en place. De préférence, le moyen de chauffe est orientable grâce au moyen de déplacement 9 de manière à ce que la zone de chauffe soit au plus près de la zone de perçage et d'implantation de l'organe de fixation. La figure 1 représente ainsi le moyen de chauffe 4 dans une position inactivée et une position dans laquelle il est orienté de sorte que le faisceau de la source soit dirigé vers la zone à chauffer. La tête de perçage 101 est mobile en translation selon l'axe de travail 8, entre une position rétractée, visible sur la figure 1 dans laquelle elle n'est pas en contact avec la préforme 1 et apte à être déplacée vers le point de jonction suivant à la surface de la préforme et une position de travail, visible sur la figure 2A dans laquelle elle vient percer les deux préformes 1, 2. Le poussoir 103 est également mobile en translation selon l'axe de travail 8 dans le corps creux de la tête de perçage 101, entre une position rétractée afin de laisser se positionner l'organe de fixation 102 dans le corps creux et une position de travail où il exerce un effort d'appui sur l'extrémité supérieure de l'organe de fixation pour le faire pénétrer dans les préformes. Dans une forme particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, ce poussoir est déplacé dans l'extrémité de la tête de perçage 101 de sorte que, comme le montre la figure 2A, lors de l'opération de perçage, la tête de perçage perce les préformes 1, 2 avec le poussoir 103 en position basse. La profondeur de perçage est préprogrammée. Une fois le perçage réalisé, le poussoir est déplacé vers sa position rétractée. According to the embodiments, during drilling and insertion of the fixing member 102, these axes are also coincident with the normal in the center of the region to be pierced. In other embodiments, these axes have an angle of inclination with respect to the normal. The working head 100 and the heating means 4 are respectively connected to displacement means 10, 9. These two moving means are independent. In this way, when the working head is positioned opposite the region of the superposition zone to perform the assembly operation, the heating means is moved to the next point to locally heat this region. It is quite possible to envisage another embodiment in which the heating means and the working head are controlled by a single moving means which sets the working head and the heating means in motion one after the other. . In a known manner, the displacement means may comprise, for example, a translational movement assembly which makes it possible to move the working head 100 and the heating means 4 along the three axes X, Y and Z and an articulation offering two possibilities of pivoting. along two axes perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the axis Z. Thus the joint makes it possible to adapt the positioning of this working head to the curvatures of the preforms to be assembled. The working head 100 can thus always be positioned perpendicularly to the preforms to be assembled, along a working axis corresponding to the axis of the fastener to be put in place. Preferably, the heating means is steerable by means of displacement 9 so that the heating zone is closer to the piercing area and implantation of the fastener. FIG. 1 thus represents the heating means 4 in an inactivated position and a position in which it is oriented so that the beam of the source is directed towards the zone to be heated. The piercing head 101 is movable in translation along the working axis 8, between a retracted position, visible in FIG. 1, in which it is not in contact with the preform 1 and able to be moved towards the junction point. next to the surface of the preform and a working position, visible in Figure 2A in which it comes to drill the two preforms 1, 2. The pusher 103 is also movable in translation along the working axis 8 in the hollow body of the piercing head 101, between a retracted position to allow the fixing member 102 to be positioned in the hollow body and a working position where it exerts a bearing force on the upper end of the fixing member for to make it penetrate into the preforms. In a particularly advantageous form of the invention, this pusher is moved in the end of the piercing head 101 so that, as shown in FIG. 2A, during the piercing operation, the piercing head pierces the preforms. 1, 2 with the pusher 103 in the low position. The drilling depth is preprogrammed. Once the drilling is done, the pusher is moved to its retracted position.
Un système d'approvisionnement pneumatique vient ensuite alimenter la tête de perçage en organe de fixation 102 tout en laissant la tête de perçage dans les préformes. De ce fait, l'axe de l'organe de fixation est automatiquement confondu avec l'axe de travail, rendant son positionnement par rapport au trou de perçage préalablement réalisé plus précis. A pneumatic supply system then feeds the piercing head attachment member 102 while leaving the piercing head in the preforms. As a result, the axis of the fastener is automatically merged with the working axis, making its positioning relative to the previously-made drilling hole more precise.
Une fois l'organe de fixation 102 positionné dans le corps creux, le poussoir est replacé dans le corps creux de la tête de perçage et il est mis en position d'appui contre l'organe de fixation afin de le faire pénétrer dans les préformes au travers du corps creux 13 (figure 2B). Ainsi l'insertion de l'organe de fixation 102 est guidée par la paroi interne de la tête de perçage 101, améliorant la précision de l'insertion. Une fois l'organe de fixation 102 placé dans les préformes, on retire la tête de perçage 101 tout en continuant à maintenir en position l'organe à l'aide du poussoir 103. Ainsi le mouvement de retrait de la tête de perçage n'entraîne pas le déplacement de l'organe de fixation 102 (figure 2C). Once the fixing member 102 is positioned in the hollow body, the pusher is placed back into the hollow body of the piercing head and is placed in a bearing position against the fixing member so as to make it penetrate into the preforms. through the hollow body 13 (Figure 2B). Thus the insertion of the fixing member 102 is guided by the inner wall of the piercing head 101, improving the precision of the insertion. Once the fixing member 102 is placed in the preforms, the piercing head 101 is removed while continuing to hold the member in position with the aid of the pusher 103. Thus, the withdrawal movement of the piercing head n ' does not cause the displacement of the fixing member 102 (Figure 2C).
La figure 2D illustre l'organe de fixation en position dans les deux préformes en occupant toute l'épaisseur des deux préformes sans être débouchant. On peut également envisager le cas où l'organe traverse entièrement une des préformes et partiellement la deuxième préforme. Figure 2D illustrates the fixing member in position in the two preforms occupying the entire thickness of the two preforms without opening. It is also possible to envisage the case where the organ passes completely through one of the preforms and partially through the second preform.
Lorsque la tête de perçage est entièrement retirée, on rétracte le poussoir vers l'intérieur du corps creux de sorte que la tête de travail ne soit plus en contact avec la surface de l'une des préformes et on déplace la tête de travail et le moyen de chauffe au prochain point de jonction dans la zone de superposition. When the piercing head is completely removed, the pusher is retracted into the interior of the hollow body so that the working head is no longer in contact with the surface of one of the preforms and the working head and the heating medium at the next junction point in the overlay area.
On répète les étapes décrites ci-dessus (figures 2A, 2B, 2C) de manière à former au moins une ligne de points de jonction entre les deux préformes 1, 2 à assembler. Le déplacement de l'ensemble peut être rectiligne ou curviligne à la surface de la préforme qui est en regard avec l'ensemble. On peut prévoir un système de programmation qui programme la séquence d'assemblage en terme de lignes de jonction sur le profil de l'une des préformes à assembler, coordonnées des organes de fixation sur chaque ligne et angle d'insertion des organes de fixation. Dans une forme particulièrement avantageuse, il est possible d'équiper la tête de travail d'une source à ultrasons pour communiquer une énergie de vibration à la tête de perçage lors du perçage. L'énergie de vibration de cette source est transformée en énergie thermique dans le matériau thermoplastique, en particulier un échauffement local sur la paroi du trou de perçage 13 pour assurer un meilleur effet de liaison entre l'organe de fixation 102 et les deux préformes 1, 2. The steps described above (FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C) are repeated so as to form at least one line of junction points between the two preforms 1, 2 to be assembled. The displacement of the assembly may be rectilinear or curvilinear on the surface of the preform which is facing the assembly. A programming system can be provided that programs the assembly sequence in terms of junction lines on the profile of one of the preforms to be assembled, coordinates of the fasteners on each line and insertion angle of the fasteners. In a particularly advantageous form, it is possible to equip the working head with an ultrasonic source to communicate a vibration energy to the piercing head during drilling. The vibration energy of this source is converted into thermal energy in the thermoplastic material, in particular a local heating on the wall of the drilling hole 13 to ensure a better binding effect between the fixing member 102 and the two preforms 1 , 2.
Selon les modes de réalisation, l'organe de fixation 102 est en matériau métallique. Préférentiellement, cet organe de fixation 102 est en matériau composite thermoplastique, compatible avec la résine thermoplastique des préformes à assembler. According to the embodiments, the fixing member 102 is made of metallic material. Preferably, this fixing member 102 is made of thermoplastic composite material compatible with the thermoplastic resin of the preforms to be assembled.
Cet organe peut être également en matériau composite thermodurcissable, lorsque la température de transition vitreuse de l'organe de fixation est compatible avec la température de fusion thermoplastique. Le matériau constituant l'organe de fixation est choisi en fonction de la matrice thermoplastique des deux préformes. Par ailleurs, les longueurs et diamètre des organes sont déterminés en fonction des géométries de préformes à assembler. Le procédé comporte en outre une étape finale dans laquelle les deux préformes 1, 2 sont soumises à une consolidation finale afin de consolider l'assemblage entre les deux préformes 1, 2. This member may also be of thermosetting composite material, when the glass transition temperature of the fastener is compatible with the thermoplastic melting temperature. The material constituting the fixing member is chosen as a function of the thermoplastic matrix of the two preforms. Moreover, the lengths and diameter of the members are determined according to the geometries of preforms to be assembled. The method further comprises a final step in which the two preforms 1, 2 are subjected to a final consolidation in order to consolidate the assembly between the two preforms 1, 2.
Pour améliorer la jonction entre les préformes et l'organe de fixation, dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, il est préférable de prévoir un moyen d'appui 5 disposé en aval de la tête de travail 100. Il presse les deux préformes en aval de la région de la zone de recouvrement située en regard de la tête de travail, et les maintient en position pendant que le point de jonction qui vient d'être créé, est en train de se solidifier en refroidissant. Ce moyen d'appui mobile peut être réalisé par un ou plusieurs galets 6, 7. Pour déplacer cet ensemble galets, un moyen de déplacement 11 est prévu, et il peut être synchronisé avec celui de la tête de travail. 15 To improve the junction between the preforms and the fastener, in one embodiment of the invention, it is preferable to provide a support means 5 disposed downstream of the working head 100. It presses the two preforms downstream of the region of the overlap zone facing the working head, and holds them in position while the junction point which has just been created, is solidifying while cooling. This movable support means can be made by one or more rollers 6, 7. To move this roller assembly, a displacement means 11 is provided, and it can be synchronized with that of the working head. 15
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1053365A FR2959442B1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING PREFORMS OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES |
EP11723529A EP2563566A1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-04-28 | Process and device for assembling thermoplastic composite preforms |
PCT/FR2011/050973 WO2011135267A1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-04-28 | Process and device for assembling thermoplastic composite preforms |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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FR1053365A FR2959442B1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING PREFORMS OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES |
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FR2959442A1 true FR2959442A1 (en) | 2011-11-04 |
FR2959442B1 FR2959442B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 |
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FR1053365A Active FR2959442B1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASSEMBLING PREFORMS OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES |
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EP (1) | EP2563566A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2959442B1 (en) |
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GB201117467D0 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2011-11-23 | Rolls Royce Plc | A method of providing through-thickness reinforcement of a laminated material |
GB201306479D0 (en) | 2013-04-10 | 2013-05-22 | Rolls Royce Plc | A method of through-thickness reinforcing a laminated material |
GB201819769D0 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2019-01-23 | Rolls Royce Plc | Composite reinforcement |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0392568A1 (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1990-10-17 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Thermoplastic composite fasteners |
JPH03297629A (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-12-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Manufacture of thermoplastic composite material structure |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3246803A1 (en) * | 1982-12-17 | 1984-06-20 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPONENTS FROM LAYERS OF FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC |
-
2010
- 2010-04-30 FR FR1053365A patent/FR2959442B1/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-04-28 EP EP11723529A patent/EP2563566A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-28 WO PCT/FR2011/050973 patent/WO2011135267A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0392568A1 (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1990-10-17 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Thermoplastic composite fasteners |
JPH03297629A (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-12-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Manufacture of thermoplastic composite material structure |
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EP2563566A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
FR2959442B1 (en) | 2012-09-28 |
WO2011135267A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
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