FR2958160A1 - Clarification and/or color lightening of keratin materials, comprises treating the keratin materials with e.g. a direct emulsion comprising fat-free carboxylic acid, surfactants, water and oxidizing agents - Google Patents

Abstract

Clarification and/or color lightening of keratin materials, comprises treating keratin materials with (a) a direct emulsion (A) comprising fatty acid-free of carboxylic acid groups, surfactants, greater than 5 wt.% of water and oxidizing agents, and (b) a direct emulsion (B1) comprising the fatty acid-free of carboxylic acid group, the surfactants and water (greater than 5 wt.%), and aqueous or anhydrous composition (C1), where (B1) and/or (C1) comprise(s) alkaline agents, and the concentration of fat-free carboxylic acid group is at least 25 wt.%. An independent claim is included for a multi-compartment device comprising a first compartment comprising (A), a second compartment comprising (B1) and a third compartment comprising (C1).

Description

HAIR TREATMENT PROCESS USING THREE COMPOSITIONS, INCLUDING TWO DIRECT DIRECT EMULSIONS

The subject of the present invention is a process for treating keratin materials, in particular for lightening and / or coloring the hair, from three compositions, including two particular direct emulsions. The processes for lightening and / or coloring keratin materials such as human keratinous fibers consist in using an aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent, under alkaline pH conditions in the vast majority of cases. Thus, in oxidation dyeing of hair, oxidizing compositions are mixed with alkaline compositions comprising oxidation dyes (bases and couplers), which are colorless by themselves, to generate colored and coloring compounds by a process of oxidative condensation. Oxidizing compositions are also used in direct dyeing of the hair in admixture with alkaline compositions comprising certain direct dyes which are colored and dyed to obtain a coloration with a lightening effect of the hair. Among the oxidizing agents conventionally used for dyeing keratinous fibers, mention may be made of hydrogen peroxide, persalts such as perborates and persulfates, or compounds capable of producing hydrogen peroxide by hydrolysis, such as urea peroxide. , hydrogen peroxide being more particularly preferred. In hair discoloration, the bleaching compositions contain one or more oxidizing agents. The oxidizing agents have the role of degrading the melanin of the hair, which, depending on the nature of the oxidizing agent present, leads to a more or less pronounced lightening of the fibers. Thus, for relatively low lightening, the oxidizing agent is generally hydrogen peroxide. When greater lightening is desired, it is customary to use peroxygenated salts, such as persulfates for example, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

The bleaching compositions may be aqueous compositions containing alkaline agents (amines or ammonia) which are mixed at the time of use with an aqueous composition of hydrogen peroxide. These compositions can also be formed of anhydrous products which contain alkaline compounds (amines and alkali silicates), and a peroxygenated reagent such as persulfates, perborates or percarbonates, ammonium or alkali metals, which are diluted at the time of use with an aqueous composition of hydrogen peroxide.

One of the difficulties is that the lightening and / or coloring process is carried out under alkaline conditions and that the most commonly used alkaline agent is ammonia. Ammonia is particularly advantageous in this type of process. Indeed, it makes it possible to adjust the pH of the composition to an alkaline pH to allow the activation of the oxidizing agent. It also causes a swelling of the keratin fiber, with an opening of the scales, which promotes the penetration of the oxidant inside the fiber and therefore increases the efficiency of the reaction. However, this alkalizing agent is very volatile, which causes inconvenience to the user because of the strong characteristic smell, rather annoying ammonia that emerges during the process. In addition, the amount of ammonia released requires the use of higher levels than necessary to compensate for this loss. This is not without consequences for the user who remains not only bothered by the smell but who may also be faced with greater risks of intolerance, such as irritation of the scalp (tingling). As for the option of purely and simply replacing all or part of the ammonia with one or more other conventional alkalizing agents, this does not lead to compositions as effective as those based on ammonia, in particular because these alkalinizing agents do not lead to sufficient lightening of the pigmented fibers in the presence of the oxidizing agent. The introduction of a large content of oil, in place of water, into the ready-to-use coloring and / or bleaching compositions of the keratinous fibers makes it possible to improve the performance of the lightening active agents. However, the introduction of a high content of oil in the oxidizing composition or in the alkaline composition leads to a destabilization of the composition which shoots out after a few days. The object of the present invention is to provide lightening and / or coloring processes which do not have the drawbacks of those used with the existing compositions, disadvantages caused by the presence of high levels of ammonia, and which make it difficult to staining and / or bleaching compositions with improved lightening properties which are stable over time, while remaining at least as effective in terms of the homogeneity of lightening and preserving the quality of the keratin fiber.

These and other objects are achieved by the present invention which therefore relates to a lightening and / or lightening dyeing process for keratin materials which consists in treating the keratin materials with at least a) a direct emulsion (A) comprising one or more fatty substances free of carboxylic acid group, one or more surfactants, a quantity of water greater than 5% by weight of the total weight of the emulsion, and one or more oxidizing agents, b) a direct emulsion (B) comprising one or more fatty substances free from carboxylic acid group, one or more surfactants and a quantity of water greater than 5% by weight of the total weight of the emulsion, and an aqueous or anhydrous composition (C), the direct emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) comprising one or more alkaline agents; the concentration of fatty substances free of carboxylic acid group being at least equal to 25% by weight of the total weight of the composition obtained after mixing the three compositions (A), (B) and (C). It also relates to a multi-compartment device comprising in a first compartment the direct emulsion (A), in a second compartment the direct emulsion (B), and in a third compartment the aqueous or anhydrous composition (C).

In the context of the invention, a direct emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion. In what follows, and unless otherwise indicated, the boundaries of a domain of values are included in this field. The keratin materials treated by the process according to the invention are in particular the hair. The method of the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain a good level of lightening of the hair while preserving a good quality of the keratinous fiber. The emulsions (A) and (B) each comprise water in an amount greater than 5% by weight of the total weight of the emulsion, preferably more than 10% by weight, and even more advantageously more than 20% in weight. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the emulsions (A) and (B) each have a water content of less than 50% by weight, preferably between 10 and 50% by weight relative to the total weight of the product. 'emulsion. The composition (C) is an aqueous or anhydrous composition.

In the sense of the present invention, an aqueous composition comprises more than 5% by weight of water, preferably more than 10% by weight of water, and even more advantageously more than 20% by weight of water. For the purposes of the invention, an anhydrous composition is intended to mean a composition having a water content of less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, and even more preferably less than 1% by weight per relative to the weight of said composition. It should be noted that the water present in the composition is more particularly "bound water", as the water of crystallization of the salts or traces of water absorbed by the raw materials used in the production of the compositions according to the invention. 'invention. The oil-in-water emulsions useful in the present invention comprise one or more fatty substances free of carboxylic acid group.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "fatty substance" means an organic compound that is insoluble in water at ordinary temperature (25 ° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) (solubility less than 5%, and preferably at 1%, even more preferentially at 0.1%). In addition, the fatty substances are soluble in organic solvents under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, such as chloroform, ethanol or benzene. The fatty substances of the invention are not oxyalkylenated. Preferably, the fatty substances of the invention are chosen from hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, silicones and fatty ethers or their mixtures. The fatty substances of the invention may be liquid or non-liquid at room temperature (25 ° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg, ie 1.013 × 10 5 Pa). The liquid fatty substances of the invention preferably have a viscosity less than or equal to 2 Pa.s, better still less than or equal to 1 Pa.s, and even more preferably less than or equal to 0.1 Pa.s at the temperature of 25 ° C. and at a shear rate of 1 s-1 By liquid hydrocarbon is meant a hydrocarbon composed solely of carbon atoms and liquid hydrogen at ordinary temperature (25 ° C) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). or 1,013.105 Pa). More particularly, the liquid hydrocarbons are chosen from: linear or branched C6-C16 lower alkanes, which may be cyclic. By way of example, mention may be made of hexane, undecane, dodecane and tridecane, isoparaffins such as isohexadecane, isododecane and isodecane. linear or branched hydrocarbons of animal or synthetic mineral origin of more than 16 carbon atoms, such as paraffin oils, volatile or not, and their derivatives, petroleum jelly, liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam®, squalane. In a preferred variant, the liquid hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons are chosen from paraffin oils, volatile or not, and their derivatives, petroleum jelly. By liquid fatty alcohol is meant a non-glycerolated and non-oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol which is liquid at ordinary temperature (25 ° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg, ie 1.013 × 10 5 Pa).

Preferably, the liquid fatty alcohols of the invention contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The liquid fatty alcohols of the invention can be saturated or unsaturated. Saturated liquid fatty alcohols are preferably branched. They may optionally comprise in their structure at least one aromatic cycle or not. Preferably, they are acyclic. More particularly, the liquid saturated fatty alcohols of the invention are chosen from octyldodecanol, isostearyl alcohol and 2-hexyldecanol. Octyldodecanol is particularly preferred.

These unsaturated liquid fatty alcohols have in their structure at least one double or triple bond. Preferably, the fatty alcohols of the invention have in their structure one or more double bonds. When several double bonds are present, they are preferably 2 or 3 and may or may not be conjugated.

These unsaturated fatty alcohols can be linear or branched. They may optionally comprise in their structure at least one aromatic cycle or not. Preferably, they are acyclic. More particularly, the liquid unsaturated fatty alcohols of the invention are chosen from oleic (or oleyl) alcohol, linoleic (or linoleyl) alcohol, linolenic (or linolenyl) alcohol and undecylenic alcohol. Oleyl alcohol is particularly preferred. By liquid fatty esters is meant an ester derived from a fatty acid and / or a fatty alcohol and liquid at ordinary temperature (25 ° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg, ie 1.013 × 10 5 Pa).

The esters are preferably the liquid esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C 1 -C 26 aliphatic mono- or polyacids and linear or branched C 1 -C 26 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or monohydric alcohols or alcohols, the total number of carbon atoms. the esters being greater than or equal to 10. Preferably, for the monoalcohol esters, at least one of the alcohol or the acid from which the esters of the invention are derived is branched. Among the monoesters of monoacids and monoalcohols, mention may be made of ethyl and isopropyl palmitates, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl myristate, ethyl, isocetyl stearate, isononanoate and the like. 2-ethylhexyl, isodecyl neopentanoate, isostearyl neopentanoate.

It is also possible to use esters of C 4 -C 22 di or tricarboxylic acids and of C 1 -C 22 alcohols and esters of monocarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids and of non-sugar alcohols di, tri, tetra or pentahydroxy in C 4 -C 4. C26.

These include: diethyl sebacate; diisopropyl sebacate; di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate; diisopropyl adipate; di-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate; di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate; diisostearyl adipate; di (2-ethylhexyl) maleate; triisopropyl citrate; triisocetyl citrate; trisostearyl citrate; glyceryl trilactate; glyceryl trioctanoate; trioctyldodecyl citrate; trioleyl citrate; neopentyl glycol diheptanoate; Diethylene glycol diisononate. The composition may also comprise, as liquid fatty ester, esters and diesters of C 6 -C 30, preferably C 12 -C 22, fatty acid sugars. It is recalled that "sugar" is understood to mean oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds which have several alcohol functions, with or without an aldehyde or ketone function, and which comprise at least 4 carbon atoms. These sugars can be monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Suitable sugars include, for example, sucrose (or sucrose), glucose, galactose, ribose, fucose, maltose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, lactose, and their derivatives. especially alkylated, such as methylated derivatives such as methylglucose. The esters of sugars and fatty acids may be chosen in particular from the group comprising the esters or mixtures of esters of sugars described above and of C 6 -C 30, preferably C 12 -C 22 fatty acids, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. If unsaturated, these compounds may comprise one to three carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or otherwise. The esters according to this variant may also be chosen from mono-, di-, tri- and tetraesters, polyesters and mixtures thereof.

These esters may be for example oleate, laurate, palmitate, myristate, behenate, cocoate, stearate, linoleate, linolenate, caprate, arachidonates, or mixtures thereof, such as in particular the mixed oleo-palmitate, oleostearate and palmitostearate esters. More particularly, the mono- and di-esters are used, and especially the mono- or dioleate, stearate, behenate, oleopalmitate, linoleate, linolenate, oleostearate, sucrose, glucose or methylglucose. By way of example, mention may be made of the product sold under the name Glucate® DO by the company Amerchol, which is a methylglucose dioleate. Finally, it is also possible to use the natural or synthetic esters of mono, di or triacids with glycerol. Among these are vegetable oils.

As vegetable oils or synthetic triglycerides, used in the composition of the invention as liquid fatty esters, there may be mentioned for example: triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin, such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, such as the triglycerides of heptanoic or octanoic acids or, for example, sunflower, corn, soya, squash, grape seed, sesame, hazelnut, apricot, macadamia, arara, sunflower, castor oil, avocado, caprylic / capric acid triglycerides, such as those sold by Stearineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol® 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil, shea butter oil. Preferably, as esters according to the invention, liquid fatty esters derived from monoalcohols will be used. Myristate or isopropyl palmitate are particularly preferred. By liquid silicone is meant a liquid organopolysiloxane at ordinary temperature (25 ° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg, ie 1.013 × 10 5 Pa). Preferably, the silicone is chosen from liquid polydialkylsiloxanes, in particular liquid polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and liquid polyorganosiloxanes comprising at least one aryl group. These silicones can also be organomodified. The organomodified silicones that can be used in accordance with the invention are liquid silicones as defined above and comprising in their structure one or more organofunctional groups attached via a hydrocarbon-based group. Organopolysiloxanes are further defined in Walter Noll's "Chemistry and Technology of Silicones" (1968), Academie Press. They can be volatile or nonvolatile. When they are volatile, the silicones are more particularly chosen from those having a boiling point of between 60 ° C. and 260 ° C., and even more particularly from: (i) cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes containing from 3 to 7, preferably from 4 to 5 silicon atoms. It is, for example, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane sold in particular under the name VOLATILE SILICONE® 7207 by UNION CARBIDE or SILBONE® 70045 V2 by RHODIA, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane sold under the name VOLATILE SILICONE® 7158 by UNION CARBIDE, and SILBONE ® 70045 V5 by RHODIA, the dodecamethylcyclopentasiloxane marketed under the name of SILSOFT 1217 by MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS and their mixtures.

Mention may also be made of cyclocopolymers of the dimethylsiloxane / methylalkylsiloxane type, such as the VOLATILE® SILICONE FZ 3109 marketed by the company UNION CARBIDE, of the formula: ## STR1 ## where: ## STR1 ## The cyclic polydialkylsiloxane mixtures with organic compounds derived from silicon, such as the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethylsilylpentaerythritol (50/50), and the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and oxy are also suitable. -1,1 '- (hexa-2,2,2', 2 ', 3,3'-trimethylsilyloxy) bis-neopentane (ii) linear volatile polydialkylsiloxanes having 2 to 9 silicon atoms and having a lower viscosity or equal to 5.10-6 m2 / s at 25 ° C. It is, for example, decamethyltetrasiloxane marketed in particular under the name "SH 200" by Toray Silicone, silicones falling into this class are also described. s in the article published in Cosmetics and Toiletries, Vol. 91, Jan. 76, p. 27-32 - TODD & BYERS "Volatile Silicone fluids for cosmetics". The viscosity of the silicones is measured at 25 ° C. according to ASTM 445 Appendix C. Non-volatile polydialkylsiloxanes can also be used. These non-volatile silicones are more particularly chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, among which may be mentioned mainly polydimethylsiloxanes with trimethylsilyl end groups. Among these polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may be made, without limitation, of the following commercial products: SILBIONE® oils of the 47 and 70 047 series or the MIRASIL® oils marketed by RHODIA, such as, for example, the 70 047 V 500 000 oil; the oils of the MIRASIL® series marketed by RHODIA; the oils of the 200 series of Dow Corning, such as DC200 having a viscosity of 60,000 mm 2 / s; - VISCASIL® oils from GENERAL ELECTRIC and some oils from SF series (SF 96, SF 18) from GENERAL ELECTRIC.

Mention may also be made of polydimethylsiloxanes with dimethylsilanol end groups known under the name of dimethiconol (CTFA), such as the oils of the 48 series from the company RHODIA.

Among the silicones with aryl groups include polydiarylsiloxanes, especially polydiphenylsiloxanes, and polyalkylarylsiloxanes. By way of example, mention may be made of the products sold under the following names: - SILBIONE® oils of the 70 641 series from RHODIA; - the RHODORSIL® 70 633 and 763 RHODIA series of oils; - DOW CORNING 556 COSMETIC GRAD FLUID oil from Dow Corning; the silicones of the PK series of BAYER, such as the product PK20; - some oils of the SF series of GENERAL ELECTRIC such as SF 1023, SF 1154, SF 1250, SF 1265.

Organomodified liquid silicones may in particular have polyethyleneoxy and / or polypropyleneoxy groups. The silicone KF-6017 proposed by SHIN ETSU and the oils SILWET® L 722, L 77 from UNION CARBIDE can thus be mentioned. The liquid fatty acids are preferably unsaturated and / or branched fatty acids. In particular, oleic acid may be mentioned. The liquid fatty ethers are chosen from liquid dialkyl ethers such as dicaprylyl ether. Fatty substances can be non-liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure.

By non-liquids is preferably meant a solid compound or a compound having a viscosity greater than 2 Pa.s at the temperature of 25 ° C and a shear rate of 1 s -1. More particularly, the non-liquid fatty substances are chosen from fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters and / or fatty alcohol esters, non-silicone waxes, silicones and fatty, non-liquid and preferably solid ethers. The non-liquid fatty alcohols that are suitable for carrying out the invention are more particularly chosen from saturated or unsaturated alcohols, linear or branched, containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. There may be mentioned, for example, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and their mixture (cetylstearyl alcohol).

As regards the fatty acid esters and / or non-liquid fatty alcohols, there may be mentioned in particular solid esters derived from C 9 -C 26 fatty acids and C 9 -C 26 fatty alcohols. Among these esters, mention may be made of octyldodecyl behenate; isoketyl behenate; cetyl lactate; stearyl octanoate; octyl octanoate; cetyl octanoate; decyl oleate; myristyl stearate; octyl palmitate; octyl pelargonate; octyl stearate; alkyl myristates such as cetyl, mirystyl, stearyl myristate; hexyl stearate.

Still in the context of this variant, it is also possible to use esters of C 4 -C 22 di or tricarboxylic acids and of C 1 -C 22 alcohols and esters of mono di or tricarboxylic acids and di, tri, alcohols. C2-C26 tetra or pentahydroxy. These include: diethyl sebacate; diisopropyl sebacate; diisopropyl adipate; di-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate; dioctyl maleate. Of all the additional esters mentioned above, it is preferred to use myristyl, cetyl, stearyl palmitates, alkyl myristates such as cetyl myristate and myristyl stearyl myristate.

The wax or waxes (non-silicone) are chosen in particular from carnauba wax, candelilla wax, and alfa wax, paraffin wax, ozokerite, vegetable waxes such as olive wax, rice wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax or the absolute waxes of flowers such as the essential wax of blackcurrant flower sold by the company BERTIN (France), animal waxes such as beeswax, or modified beeswax (cerabellina); other waxes or waxy raw materials that can be used according to the invention are, in particular, marine waxes, such as the one sold by SOPHIM under the reference M82, and polyethylene or polyolefin waxes in general. Non-liquid silicones according to the invention may be in the form of waxes, resins or gums. Preferably, the non-liquid silicone is chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and organomodified polysiloxanes comprising at least one functional group chosen from poly (oxyalkylene) groups, amino groups and alkoxy groups.

The silicone gums that can be used in accordance with the invention are in particular polydialkylsiloxanes, preferably polydimethylsiloxanes having high average molecular weights of between 200,000 and 1,000,000 used alone or in a mixture in a solvent. This solvent may be chosen from volatile silicones, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils, polyphenylmethylsiloxane (PPMS) oils, isoparaffins, polyisobutylenes, methylene chloride, pentane, dodecane, tridecane or their mixtures. More particularly useful products according to the invention are mixtures such as: - mixtures formed from an end-hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, or dimethiconol (CTFA) and a cyclic polydimethylsiloxane also called cyclomethicone (CTFA) such that the product Q2 1401 marketed by the company Dow Corning; mixtures of a polydimethylsiloxane gum and a cyclic silicone such as the product SF 1214 Silicone Fluid from the company General Electric, this product is an SF 30 gum corresponding to a dimethicone, having a number average molecular weight of 500,000 solubilized in oil SF 1202 Silicone Fluid corresponding to decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; mixtures of two PDMSs of different viscosities, and more particularly of a PDMS gum and a PDMS oil, such as the product SF 1236 from the company General Electric. The product SF 1236 is the mixture of an SE 30 gum defined above having a viscosity of 20 m 2 / s and an SF 96 oil with a viscosity of 5.10-6 m 2 / s. This product preferably comprises 15% of SE gum and 85% of an SF 96 oil. The organopolysiloxane resins that can be used in accordance with the invention are crosslinked siloxane systems containing the units: R 2 SiO 2/2, R 3 SiO 1/2, RSiO 3 / 2 and SiO4 / 2 wherein R represents an alkyl having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. Among these products, those that are particularly preferred are those in which R denotes a C1-C4 lower alkyl group, more particularly methyl. Among these resins may be mentioned the product marketed under the name "Dow Corning 593" or those sold under the names "Silicone Fluid SS 4230 and SS 4267" by the company General Electric and which are silicones of dimethyl / trimethyl siloxane structure. Mention may also be made of the trimethylsiloxysilicate type resins sold in particular under the names X22-4914, X21-5034 and X21-5037 by the company Shin-Etsu.

Among the additional organomodified silicones, mention may be made of polyorganosiloxanes comprising: substituted or unsubstituted amino groups, for instance the products sold under the names Q2 8220 and Dow Corning 929 or 939 by the company Dow Corning. The substituted amino groups are, in particular, C1-C4 aminoalkyl groups; alkoxylated groups, such as the product marketed under the name ABIL WAX® 2428, 2434 and 2440 by the company GOLDSCHMIDT. The non-liquid fatty ethers are chosen from dialkyl ethers and in particular dicetyl ether and distearyl ether, alone or as a mixture.

Preferably, the compositions of the invention contain one or more liquid fatty substances at ordinary temperature (25 ° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg, ie 1.013 × 10 5 Pa), optionally combined with one or more fatty substances. in the same conditions. Preferably, the fatty substance is chosen from liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes, liquid esters or mixtures thereof.

According to one particular embodiment, the emulsions (A) and (B) that are useful in the context of the invention each comprise an amount of fatty substances that are free from a carboxylic acid group greater than 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the emulsion. Preferably, the fat content is from 25 to 70%, more preferably from 30 to 55% of the total weight of the emulsion.

The concentration of fatty substances free of carboxylic acid group is at least 25% by weight, preferably between 25% and 70% by weight, and even more preferably between 30% and 60% by weight of the total weight of the composition. obtained after mixing the three compositions (A), (B) and (C). Emulsions (A) and (B) also include one or more surfactants.

Preferably, the surfactant or surfactants are chosen from nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants. The term "anionic surfactant" is understood to mean a surfactant comprising as ionic or ionizable groups only anionic groups. These anionic groups are preferably chosen from the groups CO2H, CO2, SO3H, SO3-, OSO3H, OSO3, H2PO3, HPO3, PO3 2-, H2PO2, HPO2, HPO2, PO2, POH, PO-. As examples of anionic surfactants that may be used in the composition according to the invention, mention may be made of alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkylamido ether sulphates, alkylaryl polyether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl amide sulphonates and alkyl aryl sulphonates. , alpha-olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylethersulfosuccinates, alkylamide-sulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates, alkylsulfosuccinamates, acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, monoester salts alkyl and polyglycoside-polycarboxylic acids, acyllactylates, D-galactoside-uronic acid salts, alkyl ether-carboxylic acid salts, alkyl aryl ether carboxylic acid salts, alkyl amidoether carboxylic acids; and the corresponding non-salified forms of all these compounds; the alkyl and acyl groups of all these compounds having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms and the aryl group denoting a phenyl group. These compounds may be oxyethylenated and then preferably comprise from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units.

The salts of C 6 -C 24 alkyl monoesters and polyglycoside polycarboxylic acids may be chosen from C 6 -C 24 alkyl polyglycoside citrates, C 6 -C 24 alkyl polyglycoside tartrates and polyglycoside sulfosuccinates. C6-C24 alkyl.

When the agent or the anionic surfactants are in the salt form, they may be chosen from alkali metal salts such as the sodium or potassium salt and preferably sodium salt, ammonium salts, amine salts and in particular aminoalcohols or alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt.

By way of example of aminoalcohol salts, mention may be made in particular of the salts of mono-, di- and triethanolamine, the salts of mono-, di- or tri-isopropanolamine, the salts of 2-amino-2-methyl 1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane. The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and in particular the sodium or magnesium salts are preferably used. The nonionic surfactants are more particularly chosen from mono or polyoxyalkylenated, mono- or polyglycerolated nonionic surfactants. The oxyalkylenated units are more particularly oxyethylenated units, oxypropylene, or their combination, preferably oxyethylenated.

As examples of oxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants, mention may be made of: oxyalkylenated (C 8 -C 24) alkyl phenols; - C8-C30 alcohols, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyalkylenated; - C8-C30 amides, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyalkylenated; saturated or unsaturated linear or branched C 8 -C 30 acid esters of polyethylene glycols; saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C 8 -C 30 acid esters of polyoxyethylenated sorbitol; vegetable oils oxyethylenated, saturated or not; oxyalkylenated silicones; condensates of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, among others, alone or in mixtures. Surfactants having a number of moles of ethylene oxide and / or propylene of between 1 and 50, preferably between 2 and 30. Advantageously, the nonionic surfactants do not include oxypropylene units.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the oxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants are chosen from C 8 -C 30 alcohols, oxyethylenated and C 8 -C 30 amines, which are oxyethylenated. By way of example of mono- or poly-glycerolated nonionic surfactants, the C 8 -C 40 mono- or polyglycerolated alcohols are preferably used. In particular, mono- or poly-glycerolated C 8 -C 40 alcohols correspond to the following formula: ## STR2 ## in which R represents a linear or branched C 8 -C 8 alkyl or alkenyl radical; -C40, preferably C8-C30, and m represents a number ranging from 1 to 30, and preferably from 1 to 10. By way of example of suitable compounds in the context of the invention, mention may be made of lauryl alcohol with 4 moles of glycerol (INCI name: POLYGLYCERYL-4 LAURYL ETHER), lauric alcohol with 1.5 moles of glycerol, oleic alcohol with 4 moles of glycerol (INCI name: POLYGLYCERYL-4 OLEYL ETHER), oleic alcohol with 2 moles of glycerol (INCI name: POLYGLYCERYL-2 OLEYL ETHER), cetearyl alcohol with 2 moles of glycerol, cetearyl alcohol with 6 moles of glycerol, oleocetyl alcohol with 6 moles of glycerol, and octadecanol with 6 moles of glycerol. The alcohol can be a mixture of alcohols in the same way that the value of m represents a statistical value, which means that in a commercial product several species of polyglycerolated fatty alcohols can coexist as a mixture. Among the mono- or poly-glycerolated alcohols, it is more particularly preferred to use the C 8 / C alcohol, to one mole of glycerol, the C 10 / C 12 alcohol with 1 mole of glycerol and the C 12 alcohol. , 5 moles of glycerol. Preferably, the surfactant present in each of emulsions (A) and (B) is a nonionic surfactant. The content of surfactants in each of emulsions (A) and (B) is more particularly from 0.1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 30% by weight, better still from 1 to 20% by weight relative to to the total weight of said emulsion. Emulsion (A) comprises one or more oxidizing agents. More particularly, the oxidizing agent (s) is (are) chosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates or ferricyanides, peroxygenated salts such as, for example, persulfates, perborates, peracids and their precursors, and percarbonates of alkali or alkaline earth metals. This oxidizing agent is advantageously constituted by hydrogen peroxide and in particular in aqueous solution (hydrogen peroxide) whose title may vary, more particularly, from 1 to 40 volumes, and even more preferably from 5 to 40 volumes. Depending on the desired degree of lightening, the oxidizing agent may also comprise an oxidizing agent preferably chosen from peroxygenated salts.

In one variant of the invention, the emulsion (A) contains, as oxidant, only hydrogen peroxide. The emulsion (B) and / or the aqueous or anhydrous composition (C) comprises one or more alkaline agents. This or these alkaline agents are generally such that the pKb at 25 ° C is less than 12, and preferably less than 10, still more preferably less than 6. It should be noted that this is the pKb corresponding to the function of highest basicity. The alkaline agent may be chosen from ammonia, mineral bases, organic amines, organic amine salts, alone or as a mixture. As an example of an organic amine, mention may be made of organic amines comprising one or two primary, secondary or tertiary amine functions, and one or more linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl groups carrying one or more hydroxyl radicals. In particular, the organic amines chosen from alkanolamines, such as mono-, di- or trialkanolamines, comprising one to three identical or different C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl radicals, are suitable in particular for carrying out the invention. Among compounds of this type, mention may be made of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, N-dimethylaminoethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, triisopropanolamine, 2-amino -2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol, tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane. Also suitable are organic amines of the following formula: wherein W is a C1-C6 alkylene radical optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group or a C1-C6 alkyl radical; Rx, Ry, Rz and Rt, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6 aminoalkyl radical. Examples of such amines include 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropanol, spermine and spermidine. According to another variant of the invention, the organic amine is chosen from amino acids.

More particularly, the amino acids that can be used are of natural or synthetic origin, in their L, D, or racemic form, and comprise at least one acid function chosen more particularly from the carboxylic, sulphonic, phosphonic or phosphoric acid functions. Amino acids can be in neutral or ionic form. Advantageously, the amino acids are basic amino acids comprising an additional amine function optionally included in a ring or in a ureido function. Such basic amino acids are preferably chosen from those corresponding to the following formula (I): ## STR2 ## where R denotes a group chosen from: - (CH 2) 3 NH 2 - (CH 2) 2 NHCONH 2 - (CH 2) The compounds corresponding to formula (I) are histidine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline. As amino acids that may be used in the present invention, mention may in particular be made of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline, asparagine, carnitine and cysteine. , glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, N-phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. According to a preferred variant of the invention, the organic amine is chosen from basic amino acids. Particularly preferred amino acids are arginine, lysine, histidine, or mixtures thereof. According to another variant of the invention, the organic amine is chosen from heterocyclic organic amines. In addition to the histidine already mentioned in the amino acids, mention may in particular be made of pyridine, piperidine, imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole and benzimidazole. According to another variant of the invention, the organic amine is chosen from dipeptides of amino acids. As amino acid dipeptides that may be used in the present invention, mention may be made in particular of carnosine, anserin and whale. According to another variant of the invention, the organic amine is chosen from compounds comprising a guanidine function. As amino amines of this type which can be used in the present invention, mention may in addition be made of arginine already mentioned as amino acid, creatine, creatinine, 1,1-dimethylguanidine, 1,1 diethylguanidine, glycocyamine, metformin, agmatine, n-amidinoalanine, 3-guanidinopropionic acid, 4-guanidinobutyric acid and 2- ([amino (imino) methyl] amino) ethane-1 sulfonic. Preferably, the organic amine is an alkanolamine. More preferably, the organic amine is selected from 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, monoethanolamine or mixtures thereof. Even more preferentially, the organic amine is monoethanolamine.

The alkaline agent can be an organic amine in the form of salts. By organic amine salt is meant in the sense of the present invention, the organic or inorganic salts of an organic amine as described above. Preferably, the organic salts are chosen from salts of organic acids such as citrates, lactates, glycolates, gluconates, acetates, propionates, fumarates, oxalates and tartrates. Preferably, the inorganic salts are chosen from halohydrates (hydrochlorides for example), carbonates, hydrogenocarbonates, sulphates, hydrogen phosphates and phosphates. By inorganic base, within the meaning of the present invention, is meant any compound having in its structure one or more elements of columns 1 to 13 of the periodic table of the elements other than hydrogen, not simultaneously comprising atom (s) of carbon and hydrogen. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the inorganic base contains one or more elements of columns 1 and 2 of the periodic table of elements other than hydrogen. In a preferred variant the inorganic base has the following structure: (Z1X) m (Z2y +) n in which Z2 denotes a metal of columns 1 to 13 of the periodic table of the elements, preferably 1 or 2, such as sodium or potassium; Z1X- denotes an anion chosen from the ions CO32-, OH-, HCO32-, SiO32-, HPO42-, PO43-, B4O72-, preferably from the ions CO32-, OH-, SiO32-; x is 1, 2 or 3; y is 1, 2, 3 or 4; m and n are independently of one another 1, 2, 3 or 4; with n.y = m.x.

Preferably, the inorganic base corresponds to the following formula: (Z1X) m (Z2y +) n in which Z2 denotes a metal of columns 1 and 2 of the periodic table of the elements; Z1X- is an anion selected from CO32-, OH-, SiO32-, x is 1, y is 1 or 2, m and n are independently 1 or 2 with n.y = m.x.

As inorganic base usable according to the invention include sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate. Ammonium salts can also be used as the alkaline agent. The ammonium salts are preferably selected from the following acid salts: carbonate, bicarbonate. According to a particular embodiment, the emulsion (B) and / or the aqueous or anhydrous composition (C) contains, as alkaline agents, at least one organic amine, preferably at least one alkanolamine. When the composition contains several alkaline agents including an alkanolamine and ammonia or a salt thereof, the organic amine or amines are preferably majority by weight relative to the amount ammonia. Generally, the emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) has an alkali content ranging from 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight, better still from 1 to 10% by weight. % by weight relative to the total weight of said emulsion.

The compositions (A), (B) and (C) may also contain various adjuvants conventionally used in compositions for lightening and / or coloring the hair, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers. their mixtures; mineral thickeners, and in particular fillers such as clays, talc; organic thickeners, in particular anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric polymeric associative thickeners; antioxidants; penetrants; sequestering agents; perfumes ; dispersants; film-forming agents; preservatives; opacifying agents. The composition (C) may also comprise surfactants such as those described above. The emulsions (A) and (B) and the composition (C) may optionally comprise an organic solvent. Examples of organic solvents that may be mentioned include linear or branched C 2 -C 4 alkanols, such as ethanol and isopropanol; polyols and polyol ethers such as 2-butoxyethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and monomethyl ether; as well as aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol, and mixtures thereof. The emulsions (A) and (B) and the composition (C) may also comprise one or more acidifying agents. Among the acidifying agents, mention may be made, for example, of mineral or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, tartaric acid citric acid, lactic acid, sulphonic acids. Usually, the pH of the aqueous phase of the emulsion (A) is less than 7. The pH of the aqueous phase of the emulsion (B), and of the composition (C) when it is aqueous, is preferably such that the pH of the composition obtained after mixing the three compositions (A), (B) and (C) is between 7 and 12, preferably between 8 and 11. The pH of the emulsion (B) is preferably between 7 and 12. Whether the composition (C) is aqueous or anhydrous, it may comprise one or more fatty substances free of carboxylic acid group such as those described above. Similarly, it may comprise one or more surfactants such as those described above. According to one particular embodiment, the emulsions (A) and (B) and optionally the composition (C) if it is aqueous and comprises one or more fatty substances and one or more surfactants can be prepared by conventional preparation methods. direct emulsion but also by a PIT process. In a variant of the invention, the emulsions (A) and (B) are prepared by a PIT process. According to this particular embodiment, the principle of emulsification by phase inversion in temperature (English: Phase Inversion Temperature or PIT) is, in principle, well known to those skilled in the art; it has been described in 1968 by K. Shinoda (J. Chem Soc Jpn., 1968, 89, 435). It has been shown that this emulsification technique makes it possible to obtain stable fine emulsions (K. Shinoda and H. Saito, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1969, 30, 258). This technology has been applied in cosmetics since 1972 by Mitsui et al. ("Application of the phase-inversion-temperature method to the emulsification of cosmetics", T. Mitsui, Y. Machida and F. Harusawa, American, Cosmet Perfum., 1972, 87, 33).

The principle of this technique is as follows: the mixing of an aqueous phase and an oily phase, which is carried out at a temperature above the PIT temperature, phase reversal temperature of the system, which is the temperature at which the balance between the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the emulsifier (s) used is reached; at high temperature, that is to say above the phase inversion temperature (> PIT), the emulsion is of the water-in-oil type, and during its cooling, this emulsion is reversed at the phase inversion temperature, to become an oil-in-water type emulsion, and this having previously passed through a microemulsion state. This process makes it easy to obtain emulsions with a diameter of less than 4 μm, preferably less than 1 μm. In more detail, the following can be done to obtain a PIT emulsion: 1) Weigh in a container all the constituents of the direct emulsion (A) or the direct emulsion (B). 2) Homogenize the mixture, for example by means of a Rayneri 350 rpm, and heat by increasing the temperature gradually by means of a water bath to a temperature above the temperature of phase inversion Ti, c that is to say until a transparent or translucent phase (zone of microemulsion or lamellar phase) and then a more viscous phase which indicates the obtaining of the inverse emulsion (W / O) . 3) Stop the heating and maintain the stirring until it returns to room temperature, passing through the phase inversion temperature Ti, that is to say the temperature at which a fine O / W emulsion is formed. . 4) When the temperature has fallen below the Phase inversion zone in Temperature (Ti), add any additives and thermosensitive raw materials. A stable final composition is obtained in which the droplets of lipophilic phase are fine with sizes of 10 to 200 nm. In the formation zone of a microemulsion (translucent mixture), the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions are balanced because the tendency of the surfactant is to form both direct micelles and inverse micelles. By heating beyond this zone, an W / O emulsion is formed, because the surfactant promotes the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion. Then during cooling below the phase inversion zone, the emulsion becomes a direct emulsion (HIE). Phase inversion emulsification is explained in detail in T.Forster, W. von Rybinski, A.Wadle, Influence of microemulsion phases on the preparation of fine dispersant emulsions, Advances in Colloid and Interface Sciences, 58, 119- 149, 1995 cited here for reference.

The emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) may comprise one or more dyes. This or these dyes may be direct dyes or oxidation. The oxidation dyes are generally chosen from oxidation bases optionally combined with one or more couplers.

By way of example, the oxidation bases are chosen from para-phenylenediamines, bis-phenylalkylenediamines, para-aminophenols, ortho-aminophenols, heterocyclic bases and their addition salts. Among the paraphenylenediamines, there may be mentioned, for example, para-phenylenediamine, paratoluylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N, N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N, N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N, N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N, N-diethyl-3-methylaniline, N, N- bis - ([3-hydroxyethyl) paraphenylenediamine, 4-N, N-bis (13-hydroxyethyl) amino-2-methylaniline, 4-N, N-bis- (13-hydroxyethyl) amino-2-chloroaniline, 2-13-hydroxyethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, N- (13-hydroxypropyl) -paraphenylenediamine, 2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N, N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine, N, N- (ethyl, [3-hydroxyethyl) paraphenylenediamine, N - ([3, y-dihydroxypropyl) paraphenylenediamine, N- (4'-aminophenyl) paraphenylenediamine, N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-13-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, 2-13-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, N- (13-methoxyethyl) para-phenylenediamine, 4-aminophenylpyrrolidine, 2-thienyl paraphenylenediamine, 2- (3-hydroxyethylamino) -amino toluene, 3-hydroxy-1- (4'-aminophenyl) pyrrolidine and their addition salts with an acid. Among the paraphenylenediamines mentioned above, paraphenylenediamine, paratoluylenediamine, 2-isopropyl paraphenylenediamine, 2-13-hydroxyethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2- [3-hydroxyethyloxy paraphenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2, 6-diethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl paraphenylenediamine, N, N-bis- (13-hydroxyethyl) paraphenylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2- [3-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, and their addition salts with a acid are particularly preferred. Among the bis-phenylalkylenediamines, mention may be made, by way of example, of N, N'-bis ((3-hydroxyethyl) N, N'-bis (4'-aminophenyl) -1,3-diamino propanol, N, N'-bis - ([3-hydroxyethyl) N, N'-bis- (4'-aminophenyl) ethylenediamine, N, N'-bis- (4-aminophenyl) tetramethylenediamine, N, N'-bis; - (13-hydroxyethyl) N, N'-bis (4-aminophenyl) tetramethylenediamine, N, N'-bis- (4-methylaminophenyl) tetramethylenediamine, N, N'-bis (ethyl) N, N'-bis- (4'-amino, 3'-methylphenyl) ethylenediamine, 1,8-bis (2,5-diamino phenoxy) -3,6-dioxaoctane, and their addition salts. Among para-aminophenols, para-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluoro phenol, 4-amino-3-chlorophenol, 4-amino-3 are exemplified. -hydroxymethyl phenol, 4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol, 4-amino-2 - ([3- hydroxyethyl aminomethyl) phenol, 4-amino-2-fluoro phenol, and their addition salts with an acid. Among the ortho-aminophenols, mention may be made, for example, of 2-amino phenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol, 2-amino-6-methylphenol and 5-acetamido-2-aminophenol, and their addition salts. Among the heterocyclic bases that may be mentioned by way of example are pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives and pyrazole derivatives. Among the pyridine derivatives, mention may be made of the compounds described for example in patents GB 1 026 978 and GB 1 153 196, such as 2,5-diamino pyridine, 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) amino-3-amino pyridine, 3,4-diamino pyridine, and their addition salts. Other pyridinic oxidation bases useful in the present invention are the 3-amino pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridines oxidation bases or their addition salts described for example in the patent application FR 2801308. By way of example, mention may be made of pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-3-ylamine; 2-acetylamino pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-3-ylamine; 2-morpholin-4-yl-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-3-ylamine; 3-amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-2-carboxylic acid; 2-methoxy-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-3-ylamino; (3-aminopyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-7-yl) -methanol; 2- (3-Amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-5-yl) ethanol; 2- (3-Amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-7-yl) -ethanol; (3-Amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-2-yl) -methanol; 3,6-diamino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridine; 3,4-diaminopyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridine; pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridine-3,7-diamine; 7-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-3-ylamine; pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridine-3,5-diamine; 5-morpholin-4-yl-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-3-ylamine; 2 - [(3-Amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-5-yl) - (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] ethanol; 2 - [(3-Amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-7-yl) - (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] ethanol; 3-amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-5-ol; 3-Amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-4-ol; 3-amino-pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-6-ol; 3-aminopyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridin-7-ol; as well as their addition salts. Among the pyrimidine derivatives, mention may be made of the compounds described, for example, in DE 2359399; JP 88-169571; JP 05-63124; EP 0770375 or patent application WO 96/15765 such as 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine, 4-hydroxy 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy 4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, , 4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine and their addition salts and tautomeric forms, when tautomeric equilibrium exists. Among the pyrazole derivatives, mention may be made of the compounds described in DE 3843892, DE 4133957 and patent applications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, FR-A-2 733 749 and DE 195 43 988 as the 4.5 1-methyl pyrazole, 4,5-diamino 1 - ([3-hydroxyethyl) pyrazole, 3,4-diamino pyrazole, 4,5-diamino 1- (4'-chlorobenzyl) pyrazole, 4, 5-diamino 1,3-dimethyl pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole, 4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazino pyrazole, 1-benzyl 4,5-diamino-3-methyl pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methyl pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methyl pyrazole, 4 5-diamino 1 - ([3-hydroxyethyl) 3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropyl pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3- meth 1-isopropyl pyrazole, 4-amino 5- (2'-aminoethyl) amino 1,3-dimethyl pyrazole, 3,4,5-triamino pyrazole, 1-methyl 3,4,5-triamino pyrazole, 3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylamino pyrazole, 3,5-diamino 4 - ([3-hydroxyethyl) amino-1-methyl pyrazole, and their addition salts. It is also possible to use 4-5-diamino-1 - ([3-methoxyethyl) pyrazole. As a heterocyclic base, mention may also be made of 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydro-1H5H [pyrazolol, 2, a] pyrazol-1-one or one of its salts. The direct emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) useful in the context of the invention may optionally comprise one or more couplers advantageously chosen from those conventionally used for dyeing keratinous fibers. Among these couplers, there may be mentioned meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, naphthalenic couplers, heterocyclic couplers and their addition salts. By way of example, mention may be made of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 2,4-diamino-1- (R- hydroxyethyloxy) benzene, 2-amino 4- (13-hydroxyethylamino) 1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diamino benzene, 1,3-bis (2,4-diaminophenoxy) propane, 3-ureido aniline, 3-ureido 1-dimethylamino benzene, sesamol, 1-R-hydroxyethylamino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, α-naphthol, 2-methyl-1-naphthol, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy N-methylindole, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 6-hydroxyethylamino) toluene, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine, 1-H-3-methyl pyrazole 5-one, 1-phenyl 3-methyl pyrazole 5-one, 2,6-dimethyl hydroxy benzomorpholine 3,5-diamino-2,6-dimethoxypyridine, 1-N- (R-hydroxyethyl) amino 3,4-methylene dioxybenzene, 2,6-bis- (R-pyrazolo [1,5-b] -1,2,4-triazole, 2,6-dimethyl [3,2-c] -1, 2,4-triazole, 6-methyl pyrazolo [1, 5-a] benzimidazole, their addition salts with an acid, and mixtures thereof. In general, the addition salts of the oxidation bases and couplers that can be used in the context of the invention are chosen especially from the addition salts with an acid such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, citrates, succinates, tartrates, lactates, tosylates, benzenesulfonates, phosphates and acetates. The oxidation base (s), if present, are each advantageously from 0.0001 to 10% by weight, and preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C). The coupler (s), if present, are each advantageously from 0.0001 to 10% by weight, and preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C). As regards the direct dyes, the latter are more particularly chosen from ionic or nonionic species, preferably cationic or nonionic species. As examples of suitable direct dyes, mention may be made of azo direct dyes; methinic; carbonyls; azinic; nitro (hetero) aryl; tri- (hetero) aryl methanes; porphyrins; phthalocyanines and natural direct dyes, alone or in mixtures. More particularly, the azo dyes comprise a function -N = N-whose two nitrogen atoms are not simultaneously engaged in a ring. However, it is not excluded that one of the two nitrogen atoms of the sequence -N = N-is engaged in a cycle.

The dyes of the family of methines are more particularly compounds comprising at least one sequence chosen from> C = C <and -N = C <whose two atoms are not simultaneously engaged in a ring. It is however specified that one of the nitrogen or carbon atoms of the chains can be engaged in a cycle. More particularly, the dyes of this family are derived from methine, azomethine, mono- and di-arylmethane compounds, indoamines (or diphenylamines), indophenols, indoanilines, carbocyanines, azacabocyanines and their isomers, diazacarbocyanines and their isomers, tetraazacarbocyanines, hemicyanines. As regards the dyes of the carbonyl family, mention may be made, for example, of the dyes chosen from acridone, benzoquinone, anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, benzanthrone, anthranthrone, pyranthrone, pyrazolanthrone, pyrimidinoanthrone, flavanthrone, idanthrone, flavone, (iso) violanthrone, isoindolinone, benzimidazolone, isoquinolinone, anthrapyridone, pyrazoloquinazolone, perinone, quinacridone, quinophthalone, indigo, thioindigo, naphthalimide, anthrapyrimidine, diketopyrrolopyrrole, coumarin. As regards the dyes of the family of cyclic azines, there may be mentioned in particular azine, xanthene, thioxanthene, fluorindine, acridine, (di) oxazine, (di) thiazine, pyronine. The nitro (hetero) aromatic dyes are more particularly nitrobenzene or nitro pyridinic direct dyes. With regard to porphyrin or phthalocyanine dyes, it is possible to use cationic or non-cationic compounds, optionally comprising one or more metals or metal ions, for example alkali and alkaline earth metals, zinc and silicon. By way of example of particularly suitable direct dyes, mention may be made of the nitro dyes of the benzene series; azo direct dyes; azomethines; methinic; azacarbocyanines such as tetraazacarbocyanines (tetraazapentamethines); quinone direct dyes and in particular anthraquinone, naphthoquinone or benzoquinone dyes; direct azine dyes; xanthenics; triarylmethanics; indoamines; indigoids; phthalocyanines, porphyrins and natural direct dyes, alone or in mixtures.

These dyes may be monochromophoric dyes (that is to say comprising only one dye) or polychromophoric dyes, preferably di- or trichromophoric dyes; the chromophores which may be identical or different, of the same chemical family or not. It should be noted that a polychromophoric dye comprises several radicals each derived from an absorbing molecule in the visible range between 400 and 800 nm. In addition, this absorbance of the dye does not require any prior oxidation thereof, or association with other (s) species (s) chemical (s). In the case of polychromophoric dyes, the chromophores are connected to each other by means of at least one linker which may or may not be cationic. Among the benzene direct dyes that may be used according to the invention, the following compounds may be mentioned in a nonlimiting manner: 1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2-nitro-4-R-hydroxyethylaminobenzene, 1- 2-amino-Nitro-4-bis ([3-hydroxyethyl) -aminobenzene, -1,4-bis (R -hydroxyethylamino) -2-nitrobenzene, -1-R-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-bis - ( 3-hydroxyethylamino) -benzene, -1-R-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-aminobenzene, -1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4- (ethyl) (R-hydroxyethyl) -aminobenzene, -1- amino-3-methyl-4- (3-hydroxyethylamino-6-nitrobenzene,

1-amino-2-nitro-4- (3-hydroxyethylamino-5-chlorobenzene,

1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene,

1-amino-2- (3-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene, -1,2-bis - ((3-hydroxyethylamino) -4-nitrobenzene,

1-amino-2-tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamino-5-nitrobenzene,

1-Hydroxy-2-amino-5-nitrobenzene,

1-Hydroxy-2-amino-4-nitrobenzene,

1-Hydroxy-3-nitro-4-aminobenzene, 1-hydroxy-2-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzene,

1- [3-Hydroxyethyloxy-2- (3-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene,

1-Methoxy-2- (3-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene,

1- (3-hydroxyethyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene,

1- (3-yl-dihydroxypropyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene) -1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-4- (3-yl) dihydroxypropyloxy-2-nitrobenzene,

1- (3-yl) hydroxypropylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenzene,

1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenzene,

1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzene,

1- (3-Aminoethylamino-5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene, 1-hydroxy-2-chloro-6-ethylamino-4-nitrobenzene,

1-Hydroxy-2-chloro-6-amino-4-nitrobenzene,

1-Hydroxy-6-bis - ((3-hydroxyethyl) -amino-3-nitrobenzene,

1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitrobenzene,

1-Hydroxy-4- (3-hydroxyethylamino-3-nitrobenzene.

Among the azo, azomethine, methine or tetraazapentamethine direct dyes that may be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the cationic dyes described in patent applications WO 95/15144, WO 95/01772 and EP 714954; FR 2189006, FR 2285851, FR-2140205, EP 1378544, EP 1674073.

The following compounds may also be mentioned: ## STR1 ## ## direct azo the following dyes, described in COLOR INDEX INTERNATIONAL 3rd edition: - Disperse Red 17 - Basic Red 22 10 - Basic Red 76 - Basic Yellow 57 - Basic Brown 16 - Basic Brown 17 - Disperse Black 9. 15 We can also quote 1- (4'-Aminodiphenylazo) -2-methyl-4bis- (13-hydroxyethyl) aminobenzene Among the quinone direct dyes, the following dyes may be mentioned: - Disperse Red 15 - Solvent Violet 13 20 - Disperse Violet 1 - Disperse Purple 4 - Disperse Blue 1 - Disperse Violet 8 - Disperse Blue 3 X H3CN + C NNH 1 CH3 OCH3 X-5 - Disperse Red 11 - Disperse Blue 7 - Basic Blue 22 - Disperse Violet 15 - Basic Blue 99 and the following compounds : - 1-N-methylmorpholiniumpropylamino-4-hydroxy anthraquinone - 1-Aminopropylamino-4-methylaminoanthraquinone - 1-Aminopropyl aminoanthraquinone - 5- [3-hydroxyethyl-1,4-diaminoanthraquinone-2-aminoethylaminoanthraquinone-1,4-bis-((3-y-dihydroxypropylamino) -anthraquinone. Among the azine dyes, mention may be made of the following compounds: - Basic Blue 17 - Basic Red 2. Among the triarylmethane dyes that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the following compounds: - Basic Green 1 - Basic Violet 3 - Basic Violet 14 - Basic Blue 7 - Basic Blue 26. Among the indoamine dyes that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the following compounds: 2- [3-hydroxyethylamino-5- [bis- ((3-4'-hydroxyethyl) amino] anilino -1,4-Benzoquinone - 2- [3-hydroxyethylamino-5- (2'-methoxy-4'-amino) anilino-1,4-benzoquinone-3-N (2'-chloro-4'-hydroxy) phenyl) acetylamino-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone imine-3-N (3'-chloro-4'-methylamino) phenyl-ureido-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine-3- [4'-N] - (Ethyl, carbamylmethyl) amino] -phenyl-ureido-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine Among the tetraazapentamethine type dyes that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the following compounds appearing in the table below. , An being defined as pre Yesterday: X X N ..

## EQU1 ## ## STR2 ## X represents an anion preferably chosen from chloride, iodide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, acetate and perchlorate. Among the polychromophoric dyes, mention may be made more particularly of Patent Applications EP 1637566, EP 1619221, EP 1634926, EP 1619220, EP 1672033, EP 1671954, EP 1671955, EP 1679312, EP 1671951, EP167952, EP167971, WO 06 / 063866, WO 06/063867, WO 06/063868, WO 06/063869, EP 1408919, EP 1377264, EP 1377262, EP 1377261, EP 1377263, EP 1399425, EP 1399117, EP 1416909, EP 1399116, EP 1671560. It is also possible to also use cationic direct dyes cited in applications EP 1006153, which describes dyes comprising two anthraquinone chromophores connected by means of a cationic linker; EP 1433472, EP 1433474, EP 1433471 and EP 1433473 which describe identical or different dichromophoric dyes, connected by a cationic or non-cationic linking arm, as well as EP 6291333 which describes in particular dyes comprising three chromophores, one of them being an anthraquinone chromophore to which are connected two azo-type chromophores or diazacarbocyanine or one of its isomers. Among the natural direct dyes that may be used according to the invention, lawsone, juglone, alizarin, purpurine, carminic acid, kermesic acid, purpurogalline, protocatechaldehyde, indigo, isatin , curcumin, spinulosin, apigenidine, orceins, haematein, hematoxylin, brasiline, brasiline. It is also possible to use the extracts or decoctions containing these natural dyes, in particular poultices or extracts based on henna.

When present, the direct dye (s) more particularly represents from 0.0001 to 10% by weight, and preferably from 0.005 to 5% by weight of the total weight of the emulsion (B) and / or of the composition. (C). The emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) can comprise peroxygen compounds such as urea peroxide, peroxygenated salts such as, for example, persulfates, perborates, peracids and their precursors, and metal percarbonates. alkaline or alkaline earth metals. In this case, it can especially be used in processes for lightening keratinous fibers. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the aqueous or anhydrous composition (C) comprises one or more alkaline agents and / or one or more dyes and / or one or more peroxygen compounds. According to a variant of the invention, the emulsion (B) and the composition (C) do not contain peroxygen compounds. According to one variant, the emulsions (A) and / or (B) comprise one or more thickeners. As a thickener, mention may be made of carbomers, carboxyvinyl polymers with hydrophobic groups, sugar-containing thickeners, random amphiphilic polymers of AMPS modified by reaction with a nmonoalkylamine or a C6-C22 di-n-alkylamine, and such as those described in the patent application WO 00/31154. These polymers may also contain other hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers chosen, for example, from (meth) acrylic acids, their R-substituted alkyl derivatives or their esters obtained with monoalcohols or mono- or polyalkylene glycols, (meth) acrylamides. vinylpyrrolidone, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid or maleic acid or mixtures of these compounds. The process of the invention can be carried out by applying the emulsion (A), the emulsion (B) and the composition (C) successively and without intermediate rinsing to the keratin materials, the order being indifferent. According to one embodiment of the process of the invention, a composition obtained by extemporaneous mixing, at the time of use, of the emulsion (A), of the emulsion, is applied to dry or moist keratin materials ( B) and the composition (C). According to this embodiment, the weight ratios of the amounts of (B) + (C) / (A) and (C) / (B) range from 0.1 to 10, more preferably from 0.3 to 3.

In addition, irrespective of the variant used, the mixture present on the keratin materials (resulting either from the extemporaneous mixture of (A), (B) and (C) or from their successive partial or total application) is left in place for a duration, in general, of the order of 1 minute to 1 hour, preferably 5 minutes to 30 minutes.

The temperature during the process is typically between room temperature (between 15 and 25 ° C) and 80 ° C, preferably between room temperature and 60 ° C. At the end of the treatment, the keratin materials are optionally rinsed with water, optionally washed and rinsed with water, before being dried or allowed to dry. Finally, the invention relates to a multi-compartment device comprising in a first compartment an emulsion (A), in a second, an emulsion (B), and in a third, a composition (C), the compositions (A), ( B) and (C) having been previously described.

Preferably, the keratin materials are human hair. 5 10 EXAMPLES

The concentrations are indicated in grams of product as is per 100 grams of composition.

1) Lightening process

Alkaline composition 81 Phase Name B1 (g%) Behenic alcohol oxyethylenated (10 EO) 6 Sorbitol 5 1 Vaseline oil 44 Distearyl ether 5 Water 10 Monoethanolamine 5.55 2 Sodium metabisulfite 0.7 L-ascorbic acid 0.25 Diethylene acid pentacetic triamine, pentasodium salt 1 in 40% aqueous solution Water 22.5 Aqueous composition C1 Name C1 (g%) Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, pentasodium salt 1 in 40% aqueous solution Propylene glycol 6.2 Ethyl alcohol 96 degrees 8, 8 Hexylene Glycol 3 Dipropylene Glycol 3 Water gsp100

Oxidizing compositions Al (invention) and Dl (outside the invention) Phase Name Al (g%) D1 (g%) Behenyl alcohol oxyethylenated (10 EO) 6 6 Sorbitol 5 5 1 Vaseline oil 44 - Distearyl ether 5 - Water 10 59 Salicylate of sodium 0.035 0.035 2 Tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, 10 H2O 0.04 0.04 Etidronic acid, tetrasodium salt in solution 0.2 0.2 aqueous at 30% Phosphoric acid 0.1 0.1 Hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution at 12 12 50% (hydrogen peroxide 200 vol.) Water 17.625 17.625 Procedure The compositions A1, B1 and D1 are prepared in the following manner: - The phase 1 is heated in a water bath under a Raynerie homogenizer (400 rpm ) up to 80 ° C. The temperature of PIT is 68 ° C. - After a return to room temperature, the ingredients of phase 2 are introduced.

The composition C1 is prepared in the following way: the constituents are mixed by magnetic stirring at room temperature.

Application on hair strand At the time of use, 10 g of composition B1 are mixed with 4 g of composition C1 and 15 g of composition A1 or D1.

The mixture (pH - 9.8 ± 0.1) is then applied to a lock of natural chestnut hair (pitch = 4). The bath ratio is 10 g of mixture per 1 g of hair. The exposure time is 30 minutes at 27 ° C. At the end of this exposure time, the locks are rinsed and then washed with Elsève multivitamin shampoo. The dye result is evaluated using a MINOLTA CM2600D spectrocolorimeter.

As shown in the table below, the wick treated with the Al + B1 + Cl mixture (42.2% fat in the mixture) is better thinned than the wick treated with the B1 + Cl + D1 mixture (16, 9% fat in the mixture). L * (D65) a * (D65) b * (D65) AE * ab Untreated hair 19.52 3.23 3.83 ------ Hair treated with 27.55 7.31 10.95 11 Mixture of the invention Al + B1 + C1 Hair treated with 23,85 5,86 7,54 6,28 mixture outside the invention B1 + Cl + D1 5) Coloring process Alkaline composition B1 Phase Name B1 (g% ) Behenyl alcohol oxyethylenated (10 EO) 6 Crystalline sorbitol 5 1 Vaseline oil 44 Distearyl ether 5 Water 10 Monoethanolamine 5.55 2 Sodium metabisulfite 0.7 L-ascorbic acid 0.25 Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, pentasodium salt 1 solution aqueous 40% Water 22.5 Coloring composition C2 Name C2 (g%) Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, salt 1 pentasodium in 40% aqueous solution Propylene glycol 6.2 Ethyl alcohol 96 degrees 8.8 Hexylene glycol 3 Dipropylene glycol 3 Metabisulfite of sodium 0.25 L-ascorbic acid 0.7 1,4-diamino-benzene 0.783 1,3-dihydroxybenzene 0.798 35 Water qs 100 Oxidizing compositions A1 (invention) and D1 (excluding inventi on) Phase Name Al (g%) Dl (g%) Behenyl alcohol oxyethylenated (10 EO) 6 6 Sorbitol 5 5 1 Vaseline oil 44 - Distearyl ether 5 - Water 10 59 Sodium salicylate 0.035 0.035 Tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, 10 H2O 0.04 0.04 2 Etidronic acid, tetrasodium salt in 30% aqueous solution 0.2 0.2 Phosphoric acid 0.1 0.1 Hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution 12 12 50% (hydrogen peroxide 200 vol ) Water 17.625 17.625 Procedure The compositions A1, B1 and D1 are prepared in the following manner: - The phase 1 is heated in a water bath under a Raynerie homogenizer (400 rpm) up to 80.degree. The temperature of PIT is 68 ° C. - After a return to room temperature, the ingredients of phase 2 are introduced.

The composition C2 is prepared in the following manner: the constituents are mixed by magnetic stirring at room temperature.

Application on hair strand At the time of use, 10 g of composition B1 are mixed with 4 g of composition C2 and 15 g of composition A1 or D1.

The mixture (pH - 9.8 ± 0.1) is then applied to a lock of natural hair with 90% white (BN) and a lock of hair permed at 90% white (BP). The bath ratio is 10 g of mixture per 1 g of hair. The exposure time is 30 minutes at 27 ° C. At the end of this exposure time, the locks are rinsed and then washed with Elsève multivitamin shampoo. The dye result is evaluated using a MINOLTA CM2600D spectrocolorimeter. As shown in the table below, the rise on wicks treated with the Al + B1 + C2 mixture (42.2% of fat in the mixture) is more powerful and less selective than that on wicks treated with the B1 + mixture. C2 + D1 (16.9% fat in the mixture). L * (D65) a * (D65) b * (D65) d E * ab (D65) BN untreated 60,33 0,46 11,97 ------ BN treated with the mixture of 32,59 3 , 12.44 27.88 the invention Al + B1 + C2 BN treated with the mixture except 37,33 2,47 13,07 23,11 invention B1 + C2 + D1 BP untreated 65,61 0,2 14 , 84 ------ BP treated with the mixture of 25,08 3,13 10,48 40,86 the invention Al + B1 + C2 BP treated with the mixture except 26,85 2,97 12,02 38 , Invention B1 + C2 + D1 Selectivity BP / BN with the mixture 7.8 of the invention Al + B1 + C2 Selectivity BP / BN with the mixture 10.5 outside the invention B1 + C2 + D1

Claims (16)

REVENDICATIONS1. A process for lightening and / or lightening dyeing of keratin materials which comprises treating the keratin materials with at least a) a direct emulsion (A) comprising one or more fatty substances free from carboxylic acid group, one or more surfactants, a quantity of water greater than 5% by weight of the total weight of the emulsion, and one or more oxidizing agents, b) a direct emulsion (B) comprising one or more fatty substances free from carboxylic acid group, one or more surfactants and a amount of water greater than 5% by weight of the total weight of the emulsion, and an aqueous or anhydrous composition (C), the direct emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) comprising one or more alkaline agents; the concentration of fatty substances free of carboxylic acid group being at least equal to 25% by weight of the total weight of the composition obtained after mixing the three compositions (A), (B) and (C). 2. Method according to claim 1 wherein the one or more fatty substances are selected from hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, silicones and fatty ethers or mixtures thereof. 3. Method according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the one or more fatty substances are liquid or non-liquid at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressure. 4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the one or more fatty substances are chosen from liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes, liquid esters or mixtures thereof. 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the emulsions (A) and (B) each comprise an amount of fatty substances free of carboxylic acid group greater than 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the emulsion. 6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the surfactant or surfactants are selected from nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants. 7. Process according to claim 6, in which the anionic surfactant or surfactants are chosen from alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl amido ether sulphates, alkyl aryl polyether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl amide sulphonates, alkyl aryl sulphonates and alpha olefins. sulfonates, paraffinsulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylethersulfosuccinates, alkylamidesulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates, alkylsulfosuccinamates, acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, salts of alkyl monoesters and polyglycoside acids. polycarboxylic acids, acyllactylates, D-galactoside-uronic acid salts, alkyl ether-carboxylic acid salts, alkyl aryl ether carboxylic acid salts, alkyl amidoether carboxylic acid salts; and the corresponding non-salified forms of all these compounds; the alkyl and acyl groups of all these compounds having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms and the aryl group denoting a phenyl group. 8. Process according to any one of claims 6 and 7 wherein the nonionic surfactant or surfactants are chosen from mono- or polyoxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants and mono- or polyglycerolated nonionic surfactants. 9. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the oxidizing agent (s) is (are) chosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates or ferricyanides, peroxygenated salts, peracids and their precursors, and alkali or alkaline-earth metal percarbonates. 10. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the alkaline agent (s) is (are) chosen from ammonia, organic amines, inorganic bases, organic amine salts and ammonium salts. Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, in which the emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) contains, as alkaline agents, at least one organic organic amine and in particular an alkanolamine. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the emulsion (B) and / or the composition (C) comprises one or more oxidation dyes and / or one or more direct dyes. 13. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the aqueous or anhydrous composition (C) comprises one or more alkaline agents and / or one or more dyes and / or one or more peroxygen compounds. 14. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein is applied to the keratin materials a composition obtained by extemporaneous mixing, at the time of use, the emulsion (A), the emulsion (B) and the composition (C). 15. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein is applied to the keratin materials, successively and without intermediate rinsing, the emulsion (A), the emulsion (B) and the composition (C), the order being indifferent. 16. A multi-compartment device comprising in a first compartment, the emulsion (A), in a second compartment, the emulsion (B), and in a third compartment, the composition (C), the compositions (A), ( B) and (C) being as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.