FR2956646A1 - Aerodynamic device for reduction of vibrations of front trap door of front landing gear of transport aircraft, has aerodynamic element formed so as to generate aerodynamic disturbances of controlled intensity and frequency - Google Patents

Aerodynamic device for reduction of vibrations of front trap door of front landing gear of transport aircraft, has aerodynamic element formed so as to generate aerodynamic disturbances of controlled intensity and frequency Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2956646A1
FR2956646A1 FR1000731A FR1000731A FR2956646A1 FR 2956646 A1 FR2956646 A1 FR 2956646A1 FR 1000731 A FR1000731 A FR 1000731A FR 1000731 A FR1000731 A FR 1000731A FR 2956646 A1 FR2956646 A1 FR 2956646A1
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Prior art keywords
aerodynamic
landing gear
hatches
aircraft
disturbances
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Granted
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FR1000731A
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French (fr)
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FR2956646B1 (en
Inventor
Lionel Espagnan
Brian Kitson
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Airbus Operations SAS
Airbus Operations Ltd
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Airbus Operations SAS
Airbus Operations Ltd
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Priority to FR1000731A priority Critical patent/FR2956646B1/en
Publication of FR2956646A1 publication Critical patent/FR2956646A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00Alighting gear
    • B64C25/02Undercarriages
    • B64C25/08Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable
    • B64C25/10Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable retractable, foldable, or the like
    • B64C25/16Fairings movable in conjunction with undercarriage elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00Alighting gear
    • B64C25/001Devices not provided for in the groups B64C25/02 - B64C25/68
    • B64C2025/003Means for reducing landing gear noise, or turbulent flow around it, e.g. landing gear doors used as deflectors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/26Boundary layer controls by using rib lets or hydrophobic surfaces
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/10Drag reduction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The device has an aerodynamic element (5) arranged upstream of a front trap door (3), over all the width of the front trap door and a rear trap door (4), and formed so as to generate aerodynamic disturbances of controlled intensity and frequency. A flat plate (7) presents a height appreciably equal to the height of a boundary layer existing on a fuselage (6) of an aircraft (AC) at a level of a front landing gear (2). The plate is made of metal. The landing gear is equipped with front and rear trap doors.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif aérodynamique de réduction des vibrations des trappes arrière d'un train d'atterrissage avant d'un avion, notamment d'un avion de transport. La présente invention s'applique à un train d'atterrissage avant qui est pourvu de trappes avant et de trappes arrière. En particulier, lors d'une phase initiale d'essais en vol d'un nouvel avion, il arrive parfois que l'on rencontre des problèmes de vibrations au niveau des trappes du train d'atterrissage avant. En effet, de part leurs positionnements au niveau de la pointe 1 o avant de l'avion, leurs géométries et leurs cinématiques, il est possible de réunir des conditions telles que des perturbations aérodynamiques instationnaires créées en amont des trappes arrière, notamment par l'écoulement généré lors de l'ouverture des trappes avant, viennent interagir avec les trappes arrière. 15 Ces interactions instationnaires peuvent être à l'origine de vibrations des trappes arrière et ainsi être responsables d'une usure prématurée de la structure, et même dans certains cas extrêmes conduire au flambement ou à la rupture de certains composants structuraux. La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à ces 20 inconvénients. Elle concerne un dispositif aérodynamique permettant de réduire, voire de supprimer, les vibrations engendrées au niveau des trappes arrière d'un train d'atterrissage avant d'un avion, en particulier d'un avion de transport. A cet effet, selon l'invention, ledit dispositif aérodynamique de 25 réduction des vibrations des trappes arrière d'un train d'atterrissage avant d'un avion, ledit train d'atterrissage avant étant pourvu de trappes avant et de trappes arrière, est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte un élément aérodynamique qui est agencé en amont desdites trappes avant, sur toute The present invention relates to an aerodynamic device for reducing the vibration of the rear hatches of a landing gear before an aircraft, in particular a transport aircraft. The present invention applies to a front landing gear which is provided with front hatches and rear hatches. In particular, during an initial phase of flight tests of a new aircraft, it sometimes happens that there are problems of vibration at the trays of the landing gear before. Indeed, from their positioning at the tip 1 o front of the aircraft, their geometries and kinematics, it is possible to meet conditions such as unsteady aerodynamic disturbances created upstream of the rear doors, in particular by the flow generated when opening the front hatches, come interact with the traps back. These unsteady interactions can cause vibrations of the rear hatches and thus be responsible for premature wear of the structure, and even in extreme cases lead to buckling or breaking of certain structural components. The object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages. It relates to an aerodynamic device for reducing or even eliminating the vibrations generated at the rear hatches of a landing gear before an aircraft, particularly a transport aircraft. To this end, according to the invention, said aerodynamic device for reducing the vibration of the rear hatches of a landing gear before an aircraft, said front landing gear being provided with front hatches and rear hatches, is remarkable in that it comprises an aerodynamic element which is arranged upstream of said front hatches, over any

la largeur des trappes, et qui est formé de manière à engendrer des perturbations aérodynamiques d'intensité et de fréquence contrôlées. Ainsi, grâce à l'invention, on prévoit un élément aérodynamique qui est conçu et agencé de manière à provoquer la formation, en trois dimensions, en amont des trappes, de petites perturbations aérodynamiques d'intensité et de fréquences différentes et contrôlées, en lieu et place de structures tourbillonnaires non contrôlées (dont la fréquence et l'intensité mettent en vibrations les trappes arrière du train d'atterrissage avant de l'avion), avec pour objectif de ne pas faire vibrer lesdites trappes arrière. Cet élément aérodynamique présente, de plus, l'avantage de pouvoir être réalisé facilement et à coût réduit, et être installé aisément sur l'avion, comme précisé ci-dessous. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit élément aérodynamique correspond à une plaque plane, par exemple métallique, qui est positionnée face à l'écoulement, et dont le côté externe est denté, de manière à engendrer lesdites perturbations aérodynamiques d'intensité et de fréquence contrôlées. De préférence, ladite plaque plane présente une hauteur, généralement de l'ordre du centimètre, sensiblement égale à la hauteur d'une couche limite existant sur le fuselage de l'avion au niveau du train d'atterrissage avant. L'avantage de ce mode de réalisation préféré réside, notamment, dans sa facilité et sa simplicité d'industrialisation et d'implémentation sur un avion. De plus, ladite plaque plane présente des dimensions réduites de sorte que son installation sur l'avion n'engendre pas d'effet négatif (traînée,...) notable. Le dispositif aérodynamique conforme à la présente invention permet donc de générer des perturbations (en amont des trappes) dont les échelles de turbulences et les intensités sont contrôlées. De ce fait, le phénomène instationnaire ne disparaît pas mais, de par son contrôle et l'atténuation de ses échelles d'intensité, la source de perturbation devient différente et par voie de conséquence la réponse vibratoire des trappes, également. La présente invention concerne également un avion, en particulier un avion de transport, qui comporte un dispositif aérodynamique tel que celui précité, qui est agencé sur le fuselage dudit avion et qui est destiné à réduire les vibrations des trappes arrière du train d'atterrissage avant de cet avion. Les figures du dessin annexé feront bien comprendre comment ~o l'invention peut être réalisée. Sur ces figures, des références identiques désignent des éléments semblables. La figure 1 montre schématiquement, en vue de dessous, une pointe avant d'un avion, qui est munie d'un dispositif aérodynamique de réduction de vibrations, conforme à l'invention. 15 Les figures 2 et 3 montrent schématiquement le dispositif conforme à l'invention de la figure 1, respectivement selon une vue latérale et une vue frontale. Sur la figure 1, on a représenté schématiquement la pointe avant 10 d'un avion AC, en l'occurrence d'un avion de transport, qui comporte 20 un train d'atterrissage avant 2. Ce train d'atterrissage avant 2 comprend, de façon usuelle, deux trappes avant 3 qui sont en position ouverte sur la figure 1 et deux trappes arrière 4 qui sont en position fermée sur cette figure 1. L'ouverture des trappes avant 3 crée une cavité, dans laquelle 25 s'engouffre de l'air qui engendre des perturbations aérodynamiques instationnaires. Ces perturbations aérodynamiques instationnaires peuvent, dans certaines conditions, faire vibrer les trappes arrière 4. Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, la présente invention prévoit un dispositif aérodynamique 1 destiné à réduire, voire à complètement 30 annihiler, les vibrations desdites trappes arrière 4 du train d'atterrissage avant 2 de l'avion AC. the width of the traps, and which is formed so as to generate aerodynamic disturbances of controlled intensity and frequency. Thus, thanks to the invention, there is provided an aerodynamic element which is designed and arranged to cause the formation, in three dimensions, upstream of the traps, small aerodynamic disturbances of intensity and different frequencies and controlled, in place and placing uncontrolled vortex structures (the frequency and intensity of which vibrate the rear doors of the landing gear of the aircraft before landing), with the aim of not making vibrate said rear hatches. This aerodynamic element has, moreover, the advantage of being easily realized and low cost, and be easily installed on the aircraft, as specified below. In a preferred embodiment, said aerodynamic element corresponds to a flat plate, for example metal, which is positioned facing the flow, and whose outer side is toothed, so as to generate said aerodynamic disturbances of intensity and frequency controlled. Preferably, said flat plate has a height, generally of the order of one centimeter, substantially equal to the height of a boundary layer existing on the fuselage of the aircraft at the level of the front landing gear. The advantage of this preferred embodiment lies, in particular, in its ease and simplicity of industrialization and implementation on an aircraft. In addition, said flat plate has reduced dimensions so that its installation on the aircraft does not cause significant negative effect (drag, ...). The aerodynamic device according to the present invention thus makes it possible to generate disturbances (upstream of the traps) whose turbulence scales and intensities are controlled. As a result, the unsteady phenomenon does not disappear, but because of its control and the attenuation of its intensity scales, the source of disturbance becomes different and consequently the vibration response of the traps, too. The present invention also relates to an aircraft, in particular a transport aircraft, which comprises an aerodynamic device such as that mentioned above, which is arranged on the fuselage of said aircraft and which is intended to reduce the vibrations of the rear hatches of the front landing gear. of this plane. The figures of the appended drawing will make it clear how ~ o the invention can be achieved. In these figures, identical references designate similar elements. Figure 1 schematically shows, in a view from below, a forward tip of an aircraft, which is provided with an aerodynamic device for reducing vibrations, according to the invention. Figures 2 and 3 show schematically the device according to the invention of Figure 1, respectively in a side view and a front view. FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows the front tip 10 of an aircraft AC, in this case a transport airplane, which comprises a front landing gear 2. This front landing gear 2 comprises, in the usual way, two front hatches 3 which are in the open position in FIG. 1 and two rear hatches 4 which are in the closed position in this FIG. 1. The opening of the front hatches 3 creates a cavity in which 25 is engulfed by the air that generates unsteady aerodynamic disturbances. These unsteady aerodynamic disturbances can, under certain conditions, cause the rear doors 4 to vibrate. To overcome this drawback, the present invention provides an aerodynamic device 1 intended to reduce, or even to completely annihilate, the vibrations of said rear hatches 4 of the landing gear. front landing 2 of the AC plane.

Pour ce faire, ce dispositif aérodynamique 1 comporte, selon l'invention, un élément aérodynamique 5 qui est agencé, sur le fuselage 6 de l'avion AC, sous la pointe avant 10, en amont (c'est-à-dire à l'avant) des trappes avant 3, et ceci sur toute la largeur desdites trappes 3 et 4, comme représenté sur la figure 1. Cet élément aérodynamique 5 a pour fonction d'engendrer des perturbations aérodynamiques d'intensité et de fréquence contrôlées. Plus précisément, cet élément aérodynamique 5 est conçu et agencé de manière à provoquer la formation, en trois dimensions, en 1 o amont des trappes 3 et 4, de petites perturbations aérodynamiques d'intensité et de fréquences différentes et contrôlées, en lieu et place de structures tourbillonnaires non contrôlées (dont la fréquence et l'intensité mettent en vibrations les trappes arrière 4 du train d'atterrissage avant 2 de l'avion AC), avec pour objectif de ne pas faire vibrer lesdites trappes 15 arrière 4. Le dispositif aérodynamique 1 conforme à la présente invention permet donc de générer des perturbations (en amont des trappes 3 et 4) dont les échelles de turbulences et les intensités sont contrôlées. De ce fait, le phénomène instationnaire ne disparaît pas mais, de par son 20 contrôle et l'atténuation de ses échelles d'intensité, la source de perturbation devient différente et par voie de conséquence la réponse vibratoire des trappes 4, également. Par conséquent, pour éviter que les trappes 4 se mettent à vibrer, il suffit que le dispositif aérodynamique 1 engendre, en amont des trappes 25 3 et 4, des perturbations aérodynamiques d'intensité et de fréquences appropriées. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit élément aérodynamique 5 représente une plaque plane 7, de préférence de type métallique, qui est fixée de façon usuelle, par l'un 8 de ses côtés et/ou par 30 une partie de sa face avant, sur le fuselage 6 de l'avion AC, comme représenté sur les figures 2 et 3. Cette plaque plane 7 est positionnée face à l'écoulement. To do this, this aerodynamic device 1 comprises, according to the invention, an aerodynamic element 5 which is arranged on the fuselage 6 of the aircraft AC, under the front tip 10, upstream (that is to say at the front) of the front hatches 3, and this over the entire width of said hatches 3 and 4, as shown in Figure 1. This aerodynamic element 5 has the function of generating aerodynamic disturbances of controlled intensity and frequency. More precisely, this aerodynamic element 5 is designed and arranged so as to cause the formation, in three dimensions, upstream of the hatches 3 and 4, of small aerodynamic disturbances of different and controlled intensity and frequencies, in place of uncontrolled vortex structures (whose frequency and intensity vibrate the rear hatches 4 of the landing gear 2 before the aircraft AC), with the aim of not vibrate said rear hatches 4. The device aerodynamic 1 according to the present invention thus allows to generate disturbances (upstream of the traps 3 and 4) whose turbulence scales and intensities are controlled. As a result, the unsteady phenomenon does not disappear, but because of its control and the attenuation of its intensity scales, the disturbance source becomes different and consequently the vibration response of the hatches 4, as well. Therefore, to prevent the hatches 4 start to vibrate, it is sufficient that the aerodynamic device 1 generates, upstream of the traps 3 and 4, aerodynamic disturbances of appropriate intensity and frequencies. In a preferred embodiment, said aerodynamic element 5 represents a flat plate 7, preferably of metal type, which is fixed in the usual way, by one of its sides and / or part of its front face, on the fuselage 6 of the aircraft AC, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. This flat plate 7 is positioned facing the flow.

En outre, le côté externe 9 de cette plaque plane 7 est denté. Les caractéristiques (taille, inclinaison,...) des dents de la plaque plane 7 sont choisies, de façon empirique, de manière à engendrer les perturbations aérodynamiques précitées d'intensité et de fréquence contrôlées. In addition, the outer side 9 of this flat plate 7 is toothed. The characteristics (size, inclination, ...) of the teeth of the flat plate 7 are chosen, empirically, so as to generate the aforementioned aerodynamic disturbances of controlled intensity and frequency.

Cette plaque plane 7 présente une longueur permettant de couvrir toute la largeur des trappes 3 et 4, en amont de ces dernières, et une hauteur (selon la direction s'écartant du fuselage 6), généralement de l'ordre du centimètre, qui est sensiblement égale à la hauteur d'une couche limite existant sur le fuselage 6 de l'avion AC au niveau du train 1 o d'atterrissage avant 2. De préférence, cette hauteur est choisie, de manière empirique, pour être la plus faible possible, tout en étant suffisamment importante pour engendrer des perturbations permettant de réduire de façon suffisante les vibrations des trappes arrière 4 du train d'atterrissage 2.This flat plate 7 has a length to cover the entire width of the hatches 3 and 4, upstream of the latter, and a height (in the direction away from the fuselage 6), generally of the order of one centimeter, which is substantially equal to the height of an existing boundary layer on the fuselage 6 of the aircraft AC at the level of the landing gear 1 o before 2. Preferably, this height is chosen, empirically, to be as low as possible , while being large enough to cause disturbances to sufficiently reduce the vibrations of the rear hatches 4 of the landing gear 2.

15 L'élément aérodynamique 5 ainsi réalisé sous forme d'une plaque plane 7 présente l'avantage de pouvoir être fabriqué facilement et à coût réduit, et être monté aisément sur tout type d'avion AC. De plus, en raison de sa hauteur réduite, son installation sur l'avion AC n'engendre pas d'effet négatif (traînée,...) notable. 20 The aerodynamic element 5 thus produced in the form of a flat plate 7 has the advantage of being easily manufactured and low cost, and easily mounted on any type of aircraft AC. In addition, because of its reduced height, its installation on the aircraft AC does not cause negative effect (drag, ...) noticeable. 20

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS1. Dispositif aérodynamique de réduction des vibrations des trappes arrière (4) d'un train d'atterrissage avant (2) d'un avion (AC), ledit train d'atterrissage avant (2) étant pourvu de trappes avant (3) et de trappes arrière (4), caractérisé en ce en ce qu'il comporte un élément aérodynamique (5) qui est agencé en amont desdites trappes avant (3), sur toute la largeur des trappes (3, 4), et qui est formé de manière à engendrer des perturbations aérodynamiques d'intensité et de fréquence contrôlées. REVENDICATIONS1. An aerodynamic device for reducing the vibration of the rear hatches (4) of an aircraft's front landing gear (2), said front landing gear (2) being provided with front hatches (3) and traps (4), characterized in that it comprises an aerodynamic element (5) which is arranged upstream of said front hatches (3), over the entire width of the hatches (3, 4), and which is formed of in order to generate aerodynamic disturbances of controlled intensity and frequency. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément aérodynamique (5) correspond à une plaque plane (7), qui est positionnée face à l'écoulement, et dont le côté externe (9) est denté. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said aerodynamic element (5) corresponds to a flat plate (7), which is positioned facing the flow, and whose outer side (9) is toothed. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque plane (7) présente une hauteur sensiblement égale à la hauteur d'une couche limite existant sur le fuselage (6) de l'avion (AC) au niveau du train d'atterrissage avant (2). 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that said flat plate (7) has a height substantially equal to the height of an existing boundary layer on the fuselage (6) of the aircraft (AC) at the level of the train. landing before (2). 4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite plaque plane (7) est métallique. 4. Device according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said flat plate (7) is metallic. 5. Avion muni d'un train d'atterrissage avant (2) pourvu de trappes avant (3) et de trappes arrière (4), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif aérodynamique (1) tel que celui spécifié sous l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, qui est agencé sur le fuselage (6) dudit avion(AC), en amont desdites trappes avant (2). 5. Aircraft equipped with a front landing gear (2) provided with front hatches (3) and rear hatches (4), characterized in that it comprises an aerodynamic device (1) such as that specified under the any one of claims 1 to 4, which is arranged on the fuselage (6) of said aircraft (AC), upstream of said front doors (2).
FR1000731A 2010-02-23 2010-02-23 AERODYNAMIC DEVICE FOR REDUCING VIBRATION OF TRAPPES OF A LANDING TRAIN BEFORE AN AIRCRAFT Active FR2956646B1 (en)

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FR1000731A FR2956646B1 (en) 2010-02-23 2010-02-23 AERODYNAMIC DEVICE FOR REDUCING VIBRATION OF TRAPPES OF A LANDING TRAIN BEFORE AN AIRCRAFT

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FR1000731A FR2956646B1 (en) 2010-02-23 2010-02-23 AERODYNAMIC DEVICE FOR REDUCING VIBRATION OF TRAPPES OF A LANDING TRAIN BEFORE AN AIRCRAFT

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2506194A (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-03-26 Messier Dowty Ltd Patch for reducing aerodynamically generated aircraft noise

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EP1382526A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2004-01-21 SP Aerospace and Vehicle Systems B.V. Aircraft noise reduction device
US20040126541A1 (en) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-01 Dietz Timothy M. Drag reduction article and method of use
US20100006696A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Airbus Operations Ltd. Landing gear noise reduction assembly

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EP1382526A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2004-01-21 SP Aerospace and Vehicle Systems B.V. Aircraft noise reduction device
US20040126541A1 (en) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-01 Dietz Timothy M. Drag reduction article and method of use
US20100006696A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Airbus Operations Ltd. Landing gear noise reduction assembly

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GUAY P T: "RIBLETS REDUCE FLOW DRAG AND NOISE", MACHINE DESIGN, PENTON MEDIA, CLEVELAND, OH, US, vol. 62, no. 7, 12 April 1990 (1990-04-12), XP000127544, ISSN: 0024-9114 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2506194A (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-03-26 Messier Dowty Ltd Patch for reducing aerodynamically generated aircraft noise
GB2506194B (en) * 2012-09-25 2014-08-06 Messier Dowty Ltd Aircraft component noise reducing patch
US10286996B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2019-05-14 Safran Landing Systems Uk Ltd Airflow modification patch and method

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