FR2945787A1 - Aircraft e.g. twin-beam twin-engine aircraft, has cockpit mounted rotationally around longeron in order to allow temporary rotation of cockpit toward bottom by voluntary action of pilot in order to retract nose for sight of pilot - Google Patents

Aircraft e.g. twin-beam twin-engine aircraft, has cockpit mounted rotationally around longeron in order to allow temporary rotation of cockpit toward bottom by voluntary action of pilot in order to retract nose for sight of pilot Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2945787A1
FR2945787A1 FR0902467A FR0902467A FR2945787A1 FR 2945787 A1 FR2945787 A1 FR 2945787A1 FR 0902467 A FR0902467 A FR 0902467A FR 0902467 A FR0902467 A FR 0902467A FR 2945787 A1 FR2945787 A1 FR 2945787A1
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France
Prior art keywords
cockpit
aircraft
pilot
order
twin
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Granted
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FR0902467A
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French (fr)
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FR2945787B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Durand
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Priority to FR0902467A priority Critical patent/FR2945787B1/en
Publication of FR2945787A1 publication Critical patent/FR2945787A1/en
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Publication of FR2945787B1 publication Critical patent/FR2945787B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/28Parts of fuselage relatively movable to improve pilots view
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C39/00Aircraft not otherwise provided for
    • B64C39/04Aircraft not otherwise provided for having multiple fuselages or tail booms

Abstract

The aircraft has two wings (3) supported by a traversing longeron (4). A cockpit (5) includes a nose (6) projecting forward, and is separated from a fuselage (1). The cockpit is mounted rotationally around the longeron in order to allow temporary rotation of the cockpit toward bottom by voluntary action of a pilot using actuation units in order to retract the nose for sight of the pilot. A wheel (18) of a landing gear is located at a front part of the cockpit. The wings are equidistance from each other. The cockpit is placed in an intermediate position between the wings. The actuation units are jacks, wheels and endless screws.

Description

La présente invention concerne un aéronef, et notamment, mais non exclusivement, un aéronef de loisir. On sait que les aéronefs présentent souvent un nez aérodynamique volumineux prolongeant le cockpit vers l'avant. II en résulte que ce nez tend à réduire considérablement la visibilité vers l'avant du ou des pi- lotes en masquant l'environnement extérieur à l'avant du cockpit. Bien qu'une visibilité vers l'avant réduite n'est pas, ou tout du moins peu, critique en phase de vol de croisière (ou vol rapide), elle de-vient problématique en phase de vol lent (par exemple la descente, l'atter- rissage) ou lors d'un trajet au sol. En effet, lors d'une telle phase de vol lent, les aéronefs sont à proximité du sol, ce qui augmente de fait considérablement les risques de collisions avec le sol. Par ailleurs, lors d'un déplacement au sol, le manque de visibilité vers l'avant accroît le risque de collision avec des obstacles présents sur le tarmac. The present invention relates to an aircraft, including, but not limited to, a recreational aircraft. It is known that aircraft often have a large aerodynamic nose extending the cockpit forward. As a result, this nose tends to considerably reduce the forward visibility of the pilot (s) by masking the external environment at the front of the cockpit. Although a reduced forward visibility is not, or at least very little, critical during the cruising flight phase (or fast flight), it becomes problematic in the slow flight phase (eg the descent, landing) or when traveling on the ground. Indeed, during such a phase of slow flight, the aircraft are close to the ground, which greatly increases the risk of collisions with the ground. In addition, when traveling on the ground, the lack of forward visibility increases the risk of collision with obstacles on the tarmac.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à ces inconvé- nients. A cette fin, selon l'invention, l'aéronef qui comprend au moins un fuselage, deux ailes supportées par un longeron traversant et un cockpit présentant un nez saillant vers l'avant est remarquable en ce que ledit cockpit est séparé dudit fuselage et est monté rotatif autour dudit longeron de façon à permettre son basculement temporaire vers le bas par une action volontaire du pilote, afin d'escamoter ledit nez de la vue du pilote. Ainsi, la séparation du cockpit du fuselage et le pivotement du cockpit autour du longeron permettent au pilote de pouvoir faire basculer, temporairement, le nez vers le bas lors d'un vol lent ou d'un trajet au sol et d'effectuer le basculement inverse lors d'un vol rapide. Grâce au bas- culement du nez vers le bas, la visibilité vers l'avant lors d'un vol lent ou d'un trajet au sol est considérablement améliorée. Par ailleurs, lorsque le basculement du nez n'est plus indispensable, le pilote peut commander le basculement inverse du cockpit pour que l'aéronef n'engendre pas de traî- née excessive en vol rapide. Ainsi, selon l'invention, l'aéronef comprend des moyens d'actionnement du basculement temporaire dudit cockpit vers le bas. Ces moyens d'actionnement permettent alors le contrôle de l'inclinaison vers le bas du nez pour obtenir un basculement progressif. Lesdits moyens d'actionne- 1 0 ment peuvent être du type à vérin ou du type à roue et vis sans fin, etc ... De préférence, la partie avant dudit cockpit comprend au moins une roue apte à faire partie du train d'atterrissage dudit aéronef. Ainsi, lors du basculement vers le bas dudit cockpit, la ou les roues sont égale-ment inclinées vers le bas et peuvent servir d'appui à l'aéronef sur le sol. 15 Bien que, selon l'invention, la structure de l'aéronef puisse comprendre un unique fuselage, dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, l'aéronef selon l'invention comprend deux fuselages parallèles et le cockpit, disposé dans une position intermédiaire entre les deux fuselages, est à équidistance de chacun d'entre eux. Ainsi, l'aéronef présente une symétrie 20 qui permet de rendre optimale la stabilité de l'aéronef, que le cockpit soit basculé ou non. Les figures du dessin annexé feront bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée. Sur ces figures, des références identiques désignent des éléments semblables. 25 La figure 1 représente schématiquement, en perspective, un exemple de réalisation dudit aéronef conforme à l'invention, le cockpit étant en position non basculée. La figure 2 est un arraché schématique de la structure du cockpit en position non basculée. The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks. To this end, according to the invention, the aircraft which comprises at least one fuselage, two wings supported by a spar and a cockpit having a projecting nose forward is remarkable in that said cockpit is separated from said fuselage and is rotatably mounted around said spar so as to allow its temporary tilting down by a voluntary action of the pilot, to retract said nose from the view of the pilot. Thus, the separation of the cockpit from the fuselage and the pivoting of the cockpit around the spar allow the pilot to be able to tilt, temporarily, the nose down during a slow flight or a ground ride and perform the tilt reverse during a fast flight. With the nose down, forward visibility during a slow flight or ground trip is considerably improved. Furthermore, when the tilting of the nose is no longer essential, the pilot can control the reverse tilting of the cockpit so that the aircraft does not generate excessive drag in rapid flight. Thus, according to the invention, the aircraft comprises means for actuating the temporary tilting of said cockpit downwards. These actuating means then allow the control of the inclination towards the bottom of the nose to obtain a progressive tilting. Said actuating means may be of the jack type or of the wheel and worm type, etc. Preferably, the front part of said cockpit comprises at least one wheel capable of being part of the train of landing of said aircraft. Thus, when tilting down said cockpit, the wheel or wheels are also inclined downwards and can serve as support for the aircraft on the ground. Although, according to the invention, the structure of the aircraft can comprise a single fuselage, in an advantageous embodiment, the aircraft according to the invention comprises two parallel fuselages and the cockpit, disposed in an intermediate position between the two fuselages, is equidistant from each of them. Thus, the aircraft has a symmetry 20 which makes it possible to optimize the stability of the aircraft, whether the cockpit is tilted or not. The figures of the appended drawing will make it clear how the invention can be realized. In these figures, identical references designate similar elements. FIG. 1 diagrammatically represents, in perspective, an exemplary embodiment of said aircraft according to the invention, the cockpit being in an untagged position. Figure 2 is a schematic snatch of the cockpit structure in not tilted position.

La figure 3 est une figure analogue à la figure 1 lorsque le nez du cockpit est escamoté vers le bas. La figure 4 est analogue à la figure 2, le cockpit étant basculé vers le bas. Figure 3 is a figure similar to Figure 1 when the nose of the cockpit is retracted down. Figure 4 is similar to Figure 2, the cockpit being tilted down.

Bien que, selon l'invention, l'aéronef puisse être un aéronef monomoteur asymétrique (le cockpit étant dissocié du fuselage), dans un mode de réalisation avantageux conforme à l'invention, l'aéronef illustré par la figure 1 est un aéronef bimoteur bipoutre. Plus particulièrement, l'aéronef selon l'invention possède une structure symétrique qui comprend : deux fuselages 1, chaque fuselage 1 étant porté par une poutre 2 ; deux ailes 3 supportées par un longeron tubulaire traversant 4 ; un cockpit 5 présentant un nez saillant 6 vers l'avant. Le longeron tubulaire 4 porte notamment la structure des ailes 3, des poutres 2 et du train d'atterrissage principal 7. La structure bipoutre 2, bâtie autour du longeron tubulaire 4, est fixée à la ferrure porteuse du train d'atterrissage principal 7 et porte les moteurs 8 de l'aéronef. Le cockpit 5, illustré sur la figure 2, est supporté par le longeron tubulaire 4. Il est disposé entre les deux fuselages 1 à équidistance de chacun d'entre eux. En outre, la structure 10 du cockpit 5 est construite avantageusement, mais non exclusivement, autour du siège 11 du pilote. Elle est fixée sur un palier 9 monté rotatif autour du longeron 4. Ainsi, le cockpit 5 peut pivoter autour du longeron 4 afin d'escamoter le nez 6 vers le bas. Tel qu'illustré sur les figures 3 et 4, le basculement vers le bas du cockpit 5 est réalisé par des moyens d'actionnement commandés par le pilote. Ces moyens d'actionnement comprennent par exemple un vérin 12 fixé sur une armature de préférence solidaire du longeron 4. Although, according to the invention, the aircraft can be an asymmetric single-engine aircraft (the cockpit being dissociated from the fuselage), in an advantageous embodiment according to the invention, the aircraft illustrated in FIG. 1 is a twin-engine aircraft. twin boom. More particularly, the aircraft according to the invention has a symmetrical structure which comprises: two fuselages 1, each fuselage 1 being carried by a beam 2; two wings 3 supported by a tubular spar 4 passing through; a cockpit 5 having a projecting nose 6 forward. The tubular spar 4 carries in particular the structure of the wings 3, the beams 2 and the main landing gear 7. The double-girder structure 2, built around the tubular spar 4, is fixed to the carrier fitting of the main landing gear 7 and carries the engines 8 of the aircraft. The cockpit 5, shown in Figure 2, is supported by the tubular spar 4. It is disposed between the two fuselages 1 equidistant from each of them. In addition, the structure 10 of the cockpit 5 is advantageously, but not exclusively, constructed around the seat 11 of the pilot. It is fixed on a bearing 9 rotatably mounted around the spar 4. Thus, the cockpit 5 can pivot around the spar 4 in order to retract the nose 6 downwards. As illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the tilting down of the cockpit 5 is achieved by actuating means controlled by the pilot. These actuating means comprise for example a jack 12 fixed to a frame preferably secured to the spar 4.

L'extrémité de la tige 13 du vérin 12 faisant saillie à l'extérieur du corps du vérin 12 est reliée à la structure 10 du cockpit 5 par des moyens de liaisons. Ainsi, grâce à l'actionnement du vérin 12 par le pilote au moyen d'un boîtier de commande 14, la tige 13 du vérin 12 peut se dé- ployer selon l'axe du vérin 12 afin de communiquer un mouvement de rotation au cockpit 5, et ainsi escamoter le nez 6 vers le bas. Le bascule-ment inverse du cockpit 5 est effectué lors du reploiement de la tige 13 sur commande du pilote, par l'intermédiaire dudit boîtier de commande 14. Bien entendu, d'autres types de moyens d'actionnement peuvent 1 o être envisagés tels que par exemple un mécanisme de roue et vis sans fin. Ainsi, grâce à de tels moyens d'actionnement, le pilote peut faire basculer le cockpit 5 lorsqu'il l'estime nécessaire (c'est-à-dire notamment en phase de vol lent ou de trajet au sol) pour améliorer la visibilité vers l'avant (le nez 6 étant alors escamoté vers le bas). La position basculée 15 (figures 3 et 4) du cockpit 5 engendrant une traînée importante, le pilote peut commander le basculement inverse du cockpit (figures 1 et 2) en prévision d'une phase de vol rapide. Par ailleurs, un cache 15 peut être fixé au longeron 4 sous la partie inférieure arrière du cockpit 5, afin de recouvrir les moyens d'actionne- 20 ment 12 et limiter toute traînée supplémentaire engendrée par l'aéronef. De plus, dans le cas où l'aéronef comporte des commandes de vol à câbles, actionnées par le manche 16 et le palonnier 17, il est avantageux que lesdits câbles passent transversalement à travers le longeron 4 de façon que, lors du basculement du cockpit 5 vers le bas, la longueur et 25 la tension desdits câbles restent invariables sans nécessiter de réglage. En outre, au moins une roue 18 peut être intégrée au cockpit 5. Elle est de préférence fixée sur la partie avant de la structure 10 du cockpit 5 de manière à pouvoir constituer une partie du train d'atterrissage. Ainsi, lorsque le cockpit 5 est basculé vers le bas, la roue 18 est dans une position adaptée pour servir d'appui au sol à l'aéronef. Elle peut également participer au freinage de l'aéronef lors de l'atterrissage lorsqu'un mécanisme de freinage (non représenté sur les figures) lui est associé. The end of the rod 13 of the jack 12 projecting outside the body of the jack 12 is connected to the structure 10 of the cockpit 5 by connecting means. Thus, by actuating the jack 12 by the pilot by means of a control box 14, the rod 13 of the jack 12 can be deployed along the axis of the jack 12 in order to communicate a rotational movement to the cockpit 5, and thus retract the nose 6 down. The reverse tilting of the cockpit 5 is carried out during the repositioning of the rod 13 on the pilot's control, via said control box 14. Naturally, other types of actuating means may be envisaged such as that for example a wheel mechanism and worm. Thus, thanks to such actuating means, the pilot can tilt the cockpit 5 when he deems it necessary (that is to say in particular in slow flight phase or ground travel) to improve visibility forward (the nose 6 is then retracted downwards). The tilted position 15 (FIGS. 3 and 4) of the cockpit 5 generating a significant drag, the pilot can control the reverse tilting of the cockpit (FIGS. 1 and 2) in anticipation of a rapid flight phase. Furthermore, a cover 15 may be fixed to the spar 4 under the rear lower part of the cockpit 5, so as to cover the actuating means 12 and limit any additional drag generated by the aircraft. In addition, in the case where the aircraft has cable flight controls, actuated by the handle 16 and the rudder 17, it is advantageous for said cables to pass transversely through the spar 4 so that, when the cockpit is tilted, 5 down, the length and voltage of said cables remain invariable without requiring adjustment. In addition, at least one wheel 18 can be integrated in the cockpit 5. It is preferably fixed on the front part of the structure 10 of the cockpit 5 so as to be a part of the landing gear. Thus, when the cockpit 5 is tilted down, the wheel 18 is in a position adapted to serve as ground support to the aircraft. It can also participate in the braking of the aircraft during landing when a braking mechanism (not shown in the figures) is associated with it.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS1. Aéronef comprenant : au moins un fuselage (1) ; deux ailes (3) supportées par un longeron traversant (4) ; et un cockpit (5) présentant un nez (6) saillant vers l'avant, caractérisé en ce que ledit cockpit (5) est séparé dudit fuselage (1) et est monté rotatif autour dudit longeron (4) de façon à permettre son bascule-ment temporaire vers le bas par une action volontaire du pilote, afin d'escamoter ledit nez (6) de la vue du pilote. REVENDICATIONS1. Aircraft comprising: at least one fuselage (1); two wings (3) supported by a spar (4); and a cockpit (5) having a nose (6) protruding forward, characterized in that said cockpit (5) is separated from said fuselage (1) and is rotatably mounted around said spar (4) so as to allow its rocker Temporarily downward by a voluntary action of the pilot, to retract said nose (6) from the view of the pilot. 2. Aéronef selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens d'actionnement (12) du basculement temporaire dudit cockpit (5) vers le bas. 2. Aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises actuating means (12) for temporarily tilting said cockpit (5) downwards. 3. Aéronef selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie avant dudit cockpit (5) comprend au moins une roue (18) apte à faire partie du train d'atterrissage dudit aéronef. 3. Aircraft according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the front portion of said cockpit (5) comprises at least one wheel (18) adapted to be part of the landing gear of said aircraft. 4. Aéronef selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit aéronef comprend deux fuselages (3) parallèles et en ce que ledit cockpit (5), disposé dans une position intermédiaire entre lesdits deux fuselages (3), est à équidistance de chacun d'entre eux. 4. Aircraft according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said aircraft comprises two fuselages (3) parallel and in that said cockpit (5) disposed in an intermediate position between said two fuselages (3), is equidistant from each one of them.
FR0902467A 2009-05-20 2009-05-20 AIRCRAFT, IN PARTICULAR A RECREATIONAL AIRCRAFT. Expired - Fee Related FR2945787B1 (en)

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FR0902467A FR2945787B1 (en) 2009-05-20 2009-05-20 AIRCRAFT, IN PARTICULAR A RECREATIONAL AIRCRAFT.

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FR2945787B1 FR2945787B1 (en) 2011-07-22

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105270620A (en) * 2015-10-29 2016-01-27 西北工业大学 Integrated general-purpose vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on lifting and floating force
US10266273B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2019-04-23 Mra Systems, Llc Aircraft engine pylon

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE913498C (en) * 1952-01-02 1954-06-14 Essex Aero Ltd Aircraft with a cabin to accommodate one or more crew members
FR1108903A (en) * 1954-10-02 1956-01-19 Fairey Aviat Co Ltd Aircraft upgrades
US4183479A (en) * 1977-11-01 1980-01-15 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Variable attitude aircraft crew station
DE4311679A1 (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-13 Von Braun Heiko Dr Schmidt Aircraft of modular construction
EP0976651A2 (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-02 Paul H. Weston Lifting body and variable incidence wing type aircraft

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE913498C (en) * 1952-01-02 1954-06-14 Essex Aero Ltd Aircraft with a cabin to accommodate one or more crew members
FR1108903A (en) * 1954-10-02 1956-01-19 Fairey Aviat Co Ltd Aircraft upgrades
US4183479A (en) * 1977-11-01 1980-01-15 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Variable attitude aircraft crew station
DE4311679A1 (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-13 Von Braun Heiko Dr Schmidt Aircraft of modular construction
EP0976651A2 (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-02 Paul H. Weston Lifting body and variable incidence wing type aircraft

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10266273B2 (en) 2013-07-26 2019-04-23 Mra Systems, Llc Aircraft engine pylon
CN105270620A (en) * 2015-10-29 2016-01-27 西北工业大学 Integrated general-purpose vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on lifting and floating force
CN105270620B (en) * 2015-10-29 2017-09-15 西北工业大学 One kind rises floating integral vertical landing general purpose vehicle

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