FR2940014A1 - Composition for animal breeding intended to provide antioxidants, comprises chelate, zinc and hydrated amino acid, rumen-protected selenium, organic selenium, adsorbed vitamin E, and at least one of plant extracts e.g. Melissa extract - Google Patents
Composition for animal breeding intended to provide antioxidants, comprises chelate, zinc and hydrated amino acid, rumen-protected selenium, organic selenium, adsorbed vitamin E, and at least one of plant extracts e.g. Melissa extract Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2940014A1 FR2940014A1 FR0807459A FR0807459A FR2940014A1 FR 2940014 A1 FR2940014 A1 FR 2940014A1 FR 0807459 A FR0807459 A FR 0807459A FR 0807459 A FR0807459 A FR 0807459A FR 2940014 A1 FR2940014 A1 FR 2940014A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- extract
- selenium
- composition according
- composition
- zinc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000016804 zinc Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003975 animal breeding Methods 0.000 title 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940038487 grape extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940109529 pomegranate extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000070384 Vitis labrusca Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 235000004282 Vitis labrusca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229940055416 blueberry extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 235000019216 blueberry extract Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000062730 Melissa officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000294611 Punica granatum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-BYPYZUCNSA-N Selenium-L-methionine Chemical compound C[Se]CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenomethionine Natural products C[Se]CCC(N)C(O)=O RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000736767 Vaccinium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012511 Vaccinium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JULROCUWKLNBSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenocystine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C[Se][Se]CC(N)C(O)=O JULROCUWKLNBSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002718 selenomethionine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072113 onion extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010654 Melissa officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims 1
- ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenocysteine Natural products [SeH]CC(N)C(O)=O ZKZBPNGNEQAJSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001195 anabolic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 23
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 7
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 REFJWTPEDVJJIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229940108928 copper Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102000006587 Glutathione peroxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700016172 Glutathione peroxidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000923598 Myrtis Species 0.000 description 2
- ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quercetagetin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 ZVOLCUVKHLEPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhynchosin Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 HWTZYBCRDDUBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- GLEVLJDDWXEYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolox Chemical compound O1C(C)(C(O)=O)CCC2=C1C(C)=C(C)C(O)=C2C GLEVLJDDWXEYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003342 selenium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000543381 Cliftonia monophylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001815 DL-alpha-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011627 DL-alpha-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ellagic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(OC2=O)=C3C4=C2C=C(O)C(O)=C4OC(=O)C3=C1 AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N Ellagic acid Natural products OC1=C(O)[C@H]2OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c4OC(=O)C(=C1)[C@H]2c34 ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002079 Ellagic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004296 Lolium perenne Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000078534 Vaccinium myrtillus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008047 antioxidant nutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001765 catechin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031891 intestinal absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoflavone Natural products C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(OC)=C1C1=COC2=C(C=CC(C)(C)O3)C3=C(OC)C=C2C1=O CJWQYWQDLBZGPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002515 isoflavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008696 isoflavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000004396 mastitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylellagic acid Natural products O1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C3=C2C2=C1C(OC)=C(O)C=C2C(=O)O3 FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
- A23L33/165—Complexes or chelates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
L'invention a trait à la nutrition des animaux d'élevage. Elle concerne une composition distribuée en complément de la ration, destinée à améliorer le s statut antioxydant dans les périodes difficiles du cycle de production. La composition est caractérisée par des micronutriments et additifs agissant de façon complémentaire et capables d'améliorer le statut antioxydant de l'animal. Elle améliore la résistance et l'immunité de l'animal.. Chez les ruminants, la composition peut contribuer à réduire les cellules somatiques to du lait, les problèmes au vêlage, la qualité du colostrum, prolonge la longévité des animaux et optimise la reproduction. The invention relates to the nutrition of farm animals. It relates to a composition distributed in addition to the ration, intended to improve the antioxidant status in the difficult periods of the production cycle. The composition is characterized by micronutrients and additives acting in a complementary manner and capable of improving the antioxidant status of the animal. It improves the resistance and immunity of the animal. In ruminants, the composition can contribute to reduce somatic cells to milk, problems with calving, the quality of colostrum, prolongs the longevity of the animals and optimizes the reproduction. .
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURE FAISANT RESSORTIR LE 15 PROBLEME STATE OF THE PRIOR ART BEYOND THE PROBLEM
La nutrition des ruminants s'est considérablement simplifiée depuis plusieurs décennies. Traditionnellement, les ruminants recevaient une alimentation à base de fourrages verts ou conservés (foin) et diversifiée 20 (prairies naturelles, trèfle, luzerne, betteraves, choux, avoine, orge). Le pâturage de prairies naturelles apporte une alimentation relativement équilibrée à base de graminées et de légumineuses. Ces fourrages et aliments consommés par les ruminants permettent une fourniture naturelle d'antioxydants à savoir, entre autres, de la vitamine E, du béta-carotène, du zinc, du cuivre et du sélénium. La teneur en vitamines des fourrages verts est plus élevée que celle des foins et des ensilages. Les légumineuses contiennent plus de sélénium que les graminées : 0,25 mg/kg de matières sèche pour une luzerne contre 0,05 pour du ray grass anglais (INRA 2007). De 1970 à 2000, la surface en prairies naturelles s'est considérablement réduite de 16,3 à 11,6 millions d'hectares (Recensement agricole) au profit des graminées cultivées, et de la culture du maïs qui a augmenté de +82% en surface sur la même période. Il en résulte que les rations io apportées aux ruminants se sont simplifiées avec la recherche d'une forte concentration en énergie et protéines. Afin de répondre aux exigences d'une meilleure productivité, le recours aux fourrages conservés (ensilages), céréales et aliments concentrés s'est généralisé . Il en résulte que les rations offertes aux animaux se sont appauvries en oligo-éléments 15 et vitamines (Béguin et Dagorne 2003). Ces micronutriments qui constituent des antioxydants naturels (Weiss 2001) se retrouvent en quantité insuffisante dans les rations actuelles. De plus, l'évolution des contraintes environnementales, et la recherche d'une amélioration des conditions de travail, a conduit les éleveurs a 20 investir dans des installations et des bâtiments adaptés et fonctionnels mais qui représentent une charge élevée qui ne peut s'amortir qu'avec des animaux très productifs. Par conséquent, la production laitière et de viande a fortement évoluée avec une sélection des races les plus productives et les mieux adaptées au système de production intensif. Par exemple, la production laitière est passée de 3500 à 7400 kg/vache laitière/an en 30 ans (Gatinel 2004). Ces animaux reçoivent une alimentation adaptée à l'obtention de hautes performances laitières. Au pic de lactation, une vache laitière peut produire plus de 50kg de lait, ce qui représente des besoins alimentaires multipliés par 6 par rapport à un animal à l'entretien. Alors que l'animal privilégie sa production, il doit en même temps assurer sa fonction de reproduction et rester en bonne santé. Les différents travaux de recherche ont montré que les animaux sont fragilisés à to certaines périodes de leur cycle de production. C'est le cas du péripartum chez les ruminants laitiers, où l'on observe une diminution de la concentration sanguine en anti-oxydants sanguin qui se traduit par une dépression immunitaire (Weiss 1998.). Ce phénomène est associé à une production accrue de Radicaux Libres Oxygénés (Miller et al 1993, Gabai 15 et al 2004, Aurousseau et al 2004) et de métabolites réactifs de l'oxygène (Weiss 2005). Il en résulte une baisse des défenses immunitaire avec une augmentation de la fréquence des désordres au peripartum (Cai et al 1994, Leblanc et al 2004) et des mammites d'environnement (Drackley, 1999) . 20 La ration constitue une source d'apport d'antioxydants. En effet, les oligo-éléments et vitamines exercent un rôle d'antioxydant dans l'organisme animal : - le zinc, le manganèse et le cuivre entrent dans la composition des enzymes superoxydes dismutases qui accélèrent l'élimination des peroxydes à forte action oxydante. - Le sélénium intervient dans la synthèse de la glutathion 5 peroxydase qui élimine les radicaux libres en particulier le peroxyde d'hydrogène. - la vitamine E protège les membranes cellulaires en captant l'électron célibataire des radicaux libres pour les inactiver. Ruminant nutrition has become considerably simpler for several decades. Ruminants have traditionally been fed a diet of green or preserved fodder (hay) and diversified 20 (natural grassland, clover, alfalfa, beet, cabbage, oats, barley). Grazing natural grasslands provides a relatively balanced diet based on grasses and legumes. These fodder and feed consumed by ruminants allow a natural supply of antioxidants namely, among others, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc, copper and selenium. The vitamin content of green fodder is higher than that of hay and silage. Legumes contain more selenium than grasses: 0.25 mg / kg dry matter for alfalfa versus 0.05 for English ryegrass (INRA 2007). From 1970 to 2000, the area of natural grasslands has decreased considerably from 16.3 to 11.6 million hectares (agricultural census) in favor of cultivated grasses and maize growing by 82%. on the surface over the same period. As a result, ruminant feeds have been simplified with the search for a high concentration of energy and protein. In order to meet the requirements of increased productivity, the use of preserved fodder (silage), cereals and concentrated feeds has become widespread. As a result, rations for animals have been depleted of trace minerals and vitamins (Béguin and Dagorne 2003). These micronutrients, which are natural antioxidants (Weiss 2001), are found in insufficient quantities in current diets. In addition, the evolution of environmental constraints, and the search for an improvement in working conditions, has led farmers to invest in facilities and buildings that are adapted and functional but which represent a high load that can not be amortized. only with very productive animals. As a result, milk and meat production has evolved significantly with a selection of the most productive breeds that are best suited to the intensive production system. For example, milk production has increased from 3500 to 7400 kg / dairy cow / year in 30 years (Gatinel 2004). These animals receive a diet adapted to obtain high milk performance. At the peak of lactation, a dairy cow can produce more than 50 kg of milk, which represents a 6-fold increase in feed requirements compared to a maintenance animal. While the animal favors its production, it must at the same time ensure its reproductive function and remain in good health. Various research shows that animals are vulnerable to certain periods of their production cycle. This is the case of the peripartum in dairy ruminants, where there is a decrease in the blood concentration of anti-oxidants blood that results in an immune depression (Weiss 1998.). This phenomenon is associated with increased production of Free Oxygen Radicals (Miller et al 1993, Gabai et al 2004, Aurousseau et al 2004) and reactive oxygen metabolites (Weiss 2005). This results in a decrease in immune defenses with an increase in the frequency of peripartum disorders (Cai et al 1994, Leblanc et al 2004) and environmental mastitis (Drackley, 1999). The ration constitutes a source of antioxidant intake. Indeed, trace elements and vitamins exert an antioxidant role in the animal organism: zinc, manganese and copper are part of superoxide dismutase enzymes that accelerate the elimination of peroxides with strong oxidative action. Selenium is involved in the synthesis of glutathione peroxidase which eliminates free radicals, in particular hydrogen peroxide. - Vitamin E protects cell membranes by capturing the single electron of free radicals to inactivate them.
~o Dans la pratique, la ration des animaux d'élevage et des ruminants en particulier ne contient pas suffisamment de micronutriments à action antioxydante et il est nécessaire d'apporter une complémentation. La supplémentation de la ration en zinc est réalisée à partir de sources minérales oxydes ou sulfate qui permettent d'atteindre dans la ration le 15 niveau de recommandation de 50mg/kg MS (INRA 1988). Le niveau d'absorption du zinc est estimé en moyenne à 12,5% (NRC 2001) et varie en fonction de la teneur des autres oligo-éléments, qui peuvent interférer négativement (ex : fer) et diminuer l'absorption. Il en résulte une couverture insuffisante des besoins avec certaines rations. Dans ce cas, il 20 faudrait augmenter les apports mais cela entraîne une augmentation des rejets dans l'environnement et de plus le législateur a prévu un seuil maximum de 150mg/kg d' aliment. Le sélénium est apporté sous forme de sélénite de sodium. Le niveau d'absorption du sélénium varie de 11 à 50% chez la vache laitière (Koening et al 1991). Il est diminué fortement en présence d'un excès de soufre (Ivancic et al 2001) de calcium, de cuivre et de zinc. La flore ruminale peut réduire le sélénium en formes insolubles non absorbables, qui vont être rejetées dans les fécès. Aussi, dans certaines conditions de rations, l'apport peut être insuffisant pour assurer toutes les fonctions du sélénium. De plus, le seuil maximum d'apport de sélénium dans la ration est de 0,5mg/kg d'aliment soit un niveau proche de la recommandation du NRC 2001 (0,3mg/kg MS). Ceci limite la complémentation totale en sélénium. lo La vitamine E constitue une source d'apport efficace d'antioxydants. La recommandation d'apport a doublée en 2001 (NRC 2001) pour atteindre 22mg/kg de MS, ce qui représente une supplémentation de l'ordre de 500 mg/jr pour une vache laitière en lactation. Pendant le tarissement, l'apport des fourrages étant plus faible et les besoins importants, une 15 supplémentation quotidienne minimum de 1000mg est recommandée et des travaux récents ont montré le bénéfice d'apports plus importants de 2000mg (Weiss 2005) Cependant les conditions économiques du marché de la vitamine E ont entraîné des fluctuations de prix importantes avec un triplement du prix 20 de cet additif en 2008, qui rendent son utilisation difficile pour certaines productions (vaches allaitantes). In practice, the ration of farm animals and ruminants in particular does not contain enough micronutrients with antioxidant action and it is necessary to provide supplementation. Supplementation of the zinc diet is carried out from mineral oxides or sulphate sources which make it possible to achieve the recommendation level of 50 mg / kg DM in the diet (INRA 1988). The level of absorption of zinc is estimated on average at 12.5% (NRC 2001) and varies according to the content of other micronutrients, which can interfere negatively (eg iron) and decrease absorption. This results in insufficient coverage of needs with certain rations. In this case, it would be necessary to increase the inputs but this leads to an increase of the discharges into the environment and moreover the legislator has provided a maximum threshold of 150 mg / kg of food. Selenium is supplied in the form of sodium selenite. The level of selenium absorption varies from 11 to 50% in dairy cows (Koening et al 1991). It is strongly reduced in the presence of an excess of sulfur (Ivancic et al 2001) of calcium, copper and zinc. Rumen flora can reduce selenium to non-absorbable insoluble forms, which will be released into faeces. Also, under certain rations conditions, the intake may be insufficient to ensure all functions of selenium. In addition, the maximum intake threshold of selenium in the diet is 0.5 mg / kg of feed, which is close to the recommendation of the NRC 2001 (0.3 mg / kg DM). This limits the total complementation of selenium. lo Vitamin E is an effective source of antioxidants. The intake recommendation doubled in 2001 (NRC 2001) to 22mg / kg DM, which represents a supplementation of 500 mg / day for a lactating dairy cow. During the dry period, as feed input is lower and the need is high, a minimum daily supplementation of 1000 mg is recommended and recent work has shown the benefit of larger intakes of 2000 mg (Weiss 2005). Vitamin E market caused significant price fluctuations with a tripling of the price of this additive in 2008, which makes its use difficult for some productions (suckler cows).
Or, d'autres formes d'apport de ces micronutriments et autres additifs agissent sur le système antioxydant des animaux et pourraient compléter efficacement cette action. C'est le cas de polyphénols d'extraits végétaux qui augmentent la production de superoxyde dismutase en début de lactation ( Colliti et al 2006) EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION However, other forms of intake of these micronutrients and other additives affect the antioxidant system of animals and could effectively complement this action. This is the case of plant extract polyphenols which increase the production of superoxide dismutase at the beginning of lactation (Colliti et al 2006). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Ainsi, l'invention se propose de résoudre ou de réduire les inconvénients précités : couverture incomplète des besoins en micronutriments io antioxydant, efficacité insuffisante. Elle concerne une composition pour animaux faisant appel à des micro-nutriments à action complémentaire : du zinc sous forme de chélate d'acides aminés hydraté, du sélénium organique, du sélénium ruminoprotégé, de la vitamine E adsorbée, des extraits végétaux (fruits ou 15 plantes) spécifiques avec un niveau d'ORAC défini, qui améliorent le statut antioxydant des ruminants et un arôme spécifique. Thus, the invention proposes to solve or reduce the aforementioned drawbacks: incomplete coverage of micronutrient needs antioxidant, insufficient efficiency. It relates to an animal composition using micronutrients with a complementary action: zinc in the form of hydrated amino acid chelate, organic selenium, ruminoprotected selenium, adsorbed vitamin E, plant extracts (fruits or pears). plants) with a defined ORAC level, which improve the antioxidant status of ruminants and a specific flavor.
L' ORAC (Oxygen Absorbance Radical Capacity) est déterminé par un test (Cao et aI, 1993) qui évalue le pouvoir antioxydant in vitro des aliments, 20 des produits dérivés et des fluides biologiques. Cette méthode consiste à mesurer la destruction de la béta-phycoérythrine, protéine fluorescente en conditions particulières. Lorsque cette molécule est attaquée par des radicaux libres, sa fluorescence diminue. La présence d'un antioxydant5 dans le milieu de réaction va donc limiter l'oxydation de la protéine et ainsi limiter la perte de fluorescence. ORAC (Oxygen Absorbance Radical Capacity) is determined by a test (Cao et al., 1993) which evaluates the in vitro antioxidant potency of foods, by-products and biological fluids. This method consists of measuring the destruction of beta-phycoerythrin, a fluorescent protein in particular conditions. When this molecule is attacked by free radicals, its fluorescence decreases. The presence of an antioxidant in the reaction medium will therefore limit the oxidation of the protein and thus limit the loss of fluorescence.
L'effet protecteur est mesuré en estimant l'aire sous la courbe de dégradation de fluorescence de l'échantillon contenant l'antioxydant à tester, comparée à celle de l'échantillon sans antioxydant. Un antioxydant de référence, le Trolox (vitamine E hydrosoluble) est utilisé pour établir une gamme. A partir de cette gamme, on détermine le pouvoir antioxydant de la io molécule ou de l'extrait testé en équivalent Trolox par gamme de molécule ou d'extrait testé. The protective effect is measured by estimating the area under the fluorescence degradation curve of the sample containing the antioxidant to be tested, compared to that of the non-antioxidant sample. A reference antioxidant, Trolox (water soluble vitamin E) is used to establish a range. From this range, the antioxidant power of the molecule or extract tested in Trolox equivalent is determined per range of molecule or extract tested.
L'efficacité de la composition sur le statut antioxydant est directement liée aux ingrédients (nature et taux d'incorporation), à action synergique. 1s La composition est caractérisée selon l'invention par les éléments décrits ci-après. 20 COMPOSITION La composition est destinée particulièrement à l'alimentation des ruminants. Elle optimise le fonctionnement du système antioxydant de l'animal et peut contribuer à réduire les cellules somatiques du lait, les problèmes au vêlage, la qualité du colostrum, prolonge la longévité des animaux et optimise la reproduction. io Distribuée à des animaux à potentiel de croissance élevé, elle permet d'exprimer, de façon optimale, le potentiel génétique de la race. La composition est distribuée en complément de la ration alimentaire. Elle est incorporée à raison de 0.5 à 6% dans un aliment complémentaire, un supplément nutritionnel ou un aliment minéral spécifique. 15 Elle est caractérisée par une distribution ponctuelle dans les périodes difficiles du cycle de l'animal (peripartum) ou en continu sur la lactation lorsque le métabolisme de l'animal est fortement sollicité . Chez tous les types d'animaux, la composition s'emploie avec des rations à base de fourrages conservés, riches en concentrés qui sont naturellement 20 pauvres en micronutriments antioxydants. Chez les femelles laitières, la composition est distribuée plus particulièrement en fin de gestation ou en début de lactation. En effet, durant cette période, le niveau d'antioxydants est naturellement réduit chez l'animal. Ceci, conjugué à des apports faibles par la ration et les concentrés, implique une complémentation importante. L'efficacité de la composition est liée à une distribution sur plusieurs jours consécutifs. Elle met en oeuvre des micronutriments et additifs spécifiques, apportés à des concentrations élevées et agissant de façon complémentaire sur le 5 statut antioxydant de l'animal. Les pourcentages, exprimés en poids, des micronutriments et additifs de la composition varient et sont optimisés suivant leur disponibilité et leur intérêt économique, en fonction des conditions du marché. La composition contient les pourcentages suivant de micronutriments et Io additifs : du chélate, de zinc et d'acide aminés, hydraté qui peut rentrer pour 15 à 60% de la composition, du sélénium rumino-protégé qui peut rentrer pour 2 à 10% de la composition, du sélénium organique (sélénométhionine produite par saccharomyces cerevisiae : levure séléniée inactivée) qui peut rentrer pour 3 à 15% de la composition, de la 15 vitamine E adsorbée sur support de silice (Acétate DL a tocophérol) qui peut rentrer pour 0 à 40% de la composition, un extrait de mélisse (Me/Issa ofcinalls) qui peut rentrer pour 5 à 60% de la composition, un extrait de myrtille ( Vaccinium myrti//us) qui peut rentrer pour 0 à 30% de la composition, un extrait de grenade (Punica granatum) qui peut rentrer 20 pour 0 à 30% de la composition, un extrait de pomme (Malus pumila et/ou Malus domestica) qui peut rentrer pour 0 à 30% de la composition, un extrait de raisins ( titis labrusca) qui peut rentrer pour 0 à 30% de la composition, un extrait d'oignons (Al/lm cepa) qui peut rentrer pour 0 à i0 30% de la composition et d'un arôme fruit spécifique qui peut rentrer pour 0,1 à 1% de la composition. Le chélate, de zinc et d'acide aminés, hydraté présente un poids moléculaire inférieur à 1500 daltons. Il est obtenu à partir d'hydrolysats de 5 soja. Il possède une meilleure absorption intestinale que les formes inorganiques et favorise la réduction des cellules somatiques du lait (Weiss 2001) Le sélénium sous forme de sélénite de sodium rumino-protégé permet io d'obtenir un niveau enzymatique de glutathion peroxydase, dans le sérum sanguin, plus élevé que le sélénite de sodium chez le ruminant. Le sélénium organique (sélénométhionine produite par saccharomyces cerevisiae : levure séléniée inactivée) contient de la sélénométhionine et de la sélénocystine. La teneur en sélénium est de 0,2%. L'apport de is sélénium organique permet d'enrichir le lait et le colostrum en sélénium et assure une meilleure nutrition du jeune veau en sélénium et en antioxydants (Pehrson et al 1999). Ces deux sources de sélénium présentent une action complémentaire pour la production d'enzyme antioxydante. 20 La vitamine E adsorbée sur support de silice (Acétate DL tocophérol) permet de réduire les non-délivrances au vêlage (Miller et al 1997) ainsi que la fréquence et la durée des infections de la mamelle (Smith et al 1984, Weiss 1998). Le niveau d'incorporation de la vitamine E est optimisé 2940014 Il en fonction du prix d'équivalence avec l'action antioxydante des extraits végétaux. La composition est caractérisée par des extraits végétaux choisis pour leur teneur en polyphénols qui sont des antioxydants : L' extrait de mélisse (Melissa ofcinalis) apporte des polyphénols dont des tanins. Il possède un indice ORAC minimum de 6000 pmol TE/g. L' extrait de myrtille ( Vaccinium myrti//us) est une source de polyphénols : les anthocyanes L' extrait de grenade (Punica granatum) contient de l'acide ellagique. lo L' extrait de pomme (Malus pumila et/ou Malus domestica) avec de la quercetine et cathechine. L' extrait de raisins ( Vitis /abrusca) riche en catéchines et anthocyanes. L' extrait d'oignons (A//ium cepa) source de polyphénols dont la quercetine qui a une activité antioxydante supérieure aux isoflavones. 15 Les extraits végétaux sont obtenu par broyage du substrat végétal suivi d'une extraction par solvant organique (eau/éthanol), centrifugation ou filtration de plantes, puis évaporation par concentration sous-vide à basse température et séchage à basse température afin d'obtenir au final une 20 poudre de granulométrie inférieure à 2001. The effectiveness of the composition on the antioxidant status is directly related to the ingredients (nature and rate of incorporation), with synergistic action. 1s The composition is characterized according to the invention by the elements described below. COMPOSITION The composition is intended particularly for the feeding of ruminants. It optimizes the functioning of the animal's antioxidant system and can help reduce milk somatic cells, problems with calving, colostrum quality, prolongs the longevity of animals and optimizes reproduction. Distributed to animals with high growth potential, it allows to express, in an optimal way, the genetic potential of the breed. The composition is distributed in addition to the food ration. It is incorporated at the rate of 0.5 to 6% in a complementary food, a nutritional supplement or a specific mineral food. It is characterized by a point distribution in the difficult periods of the cycle of the animal (peripartum) or continuously on the lactation when the metabolism of the animal is strongly solicited. In all types of animals, the composition is used with preserved forage rations rich in concentrates which are naturally low in antioxidant micronutrients. In dairy females, the composition is distributed more particularly at the end of gestation or at the beginning of lactation. Indeed, during this period, the level of antioxidants is naturally reduced in animals. This, combined with low intakes by diet and concentrates, implies a significant complementation. The effectiveness of the composition is related to a distribution over several consecutive days. It uses micronutrients and specific additives, brought to high concentrations and acting in a complementary manner on the antioxidant status of the animal. The percentages, expressed by weight, of the micronutrients and additives of the composition vary and are optimized according to their availability and economic interest, depending on the market conditions. The composition contains the following percentages of micronutrients and additives: chelate, zinc and amino acid, hydrated which can contain 15 to 60% of the composition, rumen-protected selenium which can take in 2 to 10% of the composition, organic selenium (selenomethionine produced by saccharomyces cerevisiae: inactivated selenium yeast) which can take in 3 to 15% of the composition, silica-adsorbed vitamin E (acetate DL tocopherol) which can enter for 0 at 40% of the composition, an extract of melissa (Me / Issa ofcinalls) which can take in 5 to 60% of the composition, an extract of blueberry (Vaccinium myrti // us) which can return for 0 to 30% of the composition, an extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) which can take 20 to 0 to 30% of the composition, an apple extract (Malus pumila and / or Malus domestica) which can return for 0 to 30% of the composition, an extract of grapes (titis labrusca) that can enter for 0 to 30% of the composition, an extract of onions (Al / lm cepa) which can return for 0 to i0 30% of the composition and a specific fruit aroma that can fit for 0.1 to 1% of the composition. The chelate, zinc and amino acid, hydrated has a molecular weight of less than 1500 daltons. It is obtained from soy hydrolysates. It has better intestinal absorption than inorganic forms and promotes the reduction of milk somatic cells (Weiss 2001) Selenium in the form of rumen-protected sodium selenite makes it possible to obtain an enzymatic level of glutathione peroxidase, in the blood serum , higher than sodium selenite in ruminants. Organic selenium (selecethionine produced by saccharomyces cerevisiae: inactivated selenium yeast) contains selenomethionine and selenocystin. The selenium content is 0.2%. The addition of selenium organic selenium enriches milk and colostrum selenium and ensures better nutrition of young calf selenium and antioxidants (Pehrson et al 1999). These two sources of selenium have a complementary action for the production of antioxidant enzyme. Silica-adsorbed vitamin E (DL acetate tocopherol) makes it possible to reduce non-deliveries at calving (Miller et al 1997) as well as the frequency and duration of udder infections (Smith et al 1984, Weiss 1998). . The level of incorporation of vitamin E is optimized 2940014 It depends on the price of equivalence with the antioxidant action of plant extracts. The composition is characterized by plant extracts chosen for their content of polyphenols which are antioxidants: Melissa extract (Melissa ofcinalis) provides polyphenols including tannins. It has a minimum ORAC index of 6000 pmol TE / g. Bilberry extract (Vaccinium myrti // us) is a source of polyphenols: anthocyanins Pomegranate extract (Punica granatum) contains ellagic acid. lo Apple extract (Malus pumila and / or Malus domestica) with quercetin and cathechine. Grape extract (Vitis / abrusca) rich in catechins and anthocyanins. Onion extract (A // ium cepa) is a source of polyphenols including quercetin, which has an antioxidant activity superior to isoflavones. The plant extracts are obtained by grinding the plant substrate followed by extraction with an organic solvent (water / ethanol), centrifugation or filtration of plants, then evaporation by vacuum concentration at low temperature and drying at low temperature in order to obtain finally a powder of particle size less than 2001.
Pour optimiser l'appétence de la composition, un arôme, choisi sur ce critère, est additionné. To optimize the palatability of the composition, an aroma chosen on this criterion is added.
Sur le plan technologique, la composition est obtenue par dosage, puis mélange homogène et stable des matières premières présentées sous forme de poudre : du zinc sous forme de chélate d'acides aminés hydraté, du sélénium organique, du sélénium rumino-protégé, de la vitamine E adsorbée, des extraits végétaux spécifiques et un arôme. La composition ainsi obtenue présente des micronutriments et additifs à action synergique sur l'apport d'antioxydants, optimisant le statut antioxydant de l'animal dans les périodes difficiles du cycle de production. From the technological point of view, the composition is obtained by assaying and then homogenous and stable mixing of the raw materials presented in powder form: zinc in the form of hydrated amino acid chelate, organic selenium, ruminal-protected selenium, adsorbed vitamin E, specific plant extracts and aroma. The composition thus obtained has micronutrients and synergistic additives on the intake of antioxidants, optimizing the antioxidant status of the animal during difficult periods of the production cycle.
Io 15 20 40 13 Références bibliographiques Aurousseau, B. Contrôle des phénomènes oxydatifs pendant la gestation chez les monogastriques et les ruminants. INRA Prod. Anima., 2004 , 17 5 (5), 339-354 Io 15 20 40 13 References Aurousseau, B. Control of oxidative phenomena during pregnancy in monogastric and ruminant animals. INRA Prod. Anima., 2004, 17 5 (5), 339-354
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