FR2935307A1 - Hybrid vehicle, has speed reducers installed between electrical machines and shafts of rear wheels, where gear ratio of reducers is adapted based on wheel speed to extend operating speed range of machines - Google Patents
Hybrid vehicle, has speed reducers installed between electrical machines and shafts of rear wheels, where gear ratio of reducers is adapted based on wheel speed to extend operating speed range of machines Download PDFInfo
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- FR2935307A1 FR2935307A1 FR0855936A FR0855936A FR2935307A1 FR 2935307 A1 FR2935307 A1 FR 2935307A1 FR 0855936 A FR0855936 A FR 0855936A FR 0855936 A FR0855936 A FR 0855936A FR 2935307 A1 FR2935307 A1 FR 2935307A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
- F16H15/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
- F16H15/04—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
- F16H15/06—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
- F16H15/32—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
- F16H15/36—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
- F16H15/38—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Abstract
Description
Véhicule hybride muni d'au moins une machine électrique accouplée aux roues par l'intermédiaire d'un réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable [0001]. La présente invention concerne un véhicule hybride muni d'au moins une machine électrique accouplée aux roues par l'intermédiaire d'un réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable. L'invention a notamment pour but d'optimiser le fonctionnement de la machine électrique utilisée pour la traction du véhicule hybride. Hybrid vehicle equipped with at least one electric machine coupled to the wheels via a gearbox with variable gear ratio [0001]. The present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle equipped with at least one electric machine coupled to the wheels by means of a gearbox variable gear ratio. The invention particularly aims to optimize the operation of the electric machine used for the traction of the hybrid vehicle.
[0002]. L'invention trouve une application particulière avantageuse dans le domaine des véhicules hybrides à train arrière motorisé électriquement. Toutefois, l'invention pourrait également être mise en oeuvre avec des véhicules de type tout électrique. [0002]. The invention finds particular advantageous application in the field of hybrid vehicles electrically powered rear axle. However, the invention could also be implemented with vehicles of all-electric type.
[0003]. Dans le but de limiter la consommation en carburant et la pollution, on connaît des véhicules hybrides combinant l'utilisation d'un moteur thermique accouplé aux arbres de transmission des roues avant afin d'assurer une traction thermique du train avant du véhicule, et de deux machines électriques accouplées aux arbres de transmission des roues arrière afin d'assurer une traction électrique du train arrière, comme décrit dans la demande de brevet US-2007/0158119. [0003]. In order to limit fuel consumption and pollution, there are known hybrid vehicles combining the use of a heat engine coupled to the front wheel drive shafts to ensure thermal traction of the front axle of the vehicle, and two electric machines coupled to the rear wheel drive shafts to provide electric traction of the rear axle, as described in the patent application US-2007/0158119.
[0004]. Lors des déplacements à faible vitesse, en ville par exemple, pour des vitesses inférieures à 50-60km/h, le véhicule fonctionne en mode électrique, la traction du véhicule étant alors assurée par les machines électriques. Tandis que pour des vitesses supérieures à 50-60km/h, le véhicule fonctionne en mode thermique, la traction du véhicule étant alors assurée par le moteur thermique. [0004]. When traveling at low speed, in the city for example, for speeds below 50-60km / h, the vehicle operates in electric mode, the traction of the vehicle then being provided by the electrical machines. While for speeds above 50-60km / h, the vehicle operates in thermal mode, the traction of the vehicle then being provided by the engine.
[0005]. En mode de régénération, la batterie associée aux machines électriques se recharge, ce mode étant de préférence mis en oeuvre dans les phases de freinage du véhicule au cours desquelles l'énergie cinétique du véhicule est transformée en énergie électrique stockée dans la batterie. [0005]. In regeneration mode, the battery associated with the electrical machines is recharged, this mode being preferably implemented in the braking phases of the vehicle during which the kinetic energy of the vehicle is transformed into electrical energy stored in the battery.
[0006]. Les machines électriques aujourd'hui disponibles sur le marché ne présentent pas nécessairement une plage de vitesses compatible avec la plage de vitesses des roues du véhicule, de sorte que la machine ne peut pas fonctionner à son point de fonctionnement optimum en termes de rendement sur une plage de vitesses de roue étendue. [0006]. The electric machines currently available on the market do not necessarily have a speed range compatible with the speed range of the wheels of the vehicle, so that the machine can not operate at its optimum operating point in terms of efficiency on a vehicle. extended wheel speed range.
[0007]. Il existe donc un besoin d'adaptation du fonctionnement des machines électriques existantes, afin qu'elles fournissent le couple de traction souhaité au meilleur point de fonctionnement possible pour la plage de vitesses de roues la plus étendue possible. [0007]. There is therefore a need to adapt the operation of existing electrical machines, so that they provide the desired traction torque at the best operating point possible for the widest range of wheel speeds possible.
[0008]. L'invention comble ce besoin en proposant un véhicule hybride équipé d'un réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable installé entre au moins une machine électrique et les arbres de transmission des roues arrière du véhicule. Le rapport de démultiplication est adapté en fonction de la vitesse des roues, de manière à étendre la plage de fonctionnement de la machine électrique. [0008]. The invention fills this need by proposing a hybrid vehicle equipped with a reduction ratio gearbox installed between at least one electric machine and the transmission shafts of the rear wheels of the vehicle. The gear ratio is adapted according to the speed of the wheels, so as to extend the operating range of the electric machine.
[0009]. De préférence, le réducteur utilisé est à double étage, un premier étage étant à rapport de démultiplication fixe, et un deuxième étage à rapport de démultiplication variable. Par rapport à un réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable à simple étage, le réducteur à double étage présente l'intérêt de ne pas modifier la distance entre les deux poulies du réducteur. Ces réducteurs sont les plus couramment utilisés [ [0009]. Preferably, the gearbox used is double-stage, a first stage being fixed gear ratio, and a second stage variable gear ratio. Compared to a gearbox gear ratio variable single stage, the double-stage gearbox has the advantage of not changing the distance between the two pulleys gearbox. These reducers are the most commonly used [
[0010]. De préférence, la machine électrique utilisée est un alternateur classique normalement utilisé pour fournir de l'électricité au réseau électrique du véhicule. Cet alternateur est bon marché par rapport aux machines étudiées actuellement pour les futurs véhicules hybrides. L'utilisation de l'alternateur peut être effectué via son bobinage d'origine (par exemple 12V) branché sur un réseau de plus haute tension (par exemple 42V ou plus) afin d'améliorer son adaptation en impédance et par conséquence son rendement. [0010]. Preferably, the electric machine used is a conventional alternator normally used to supply electricity to the vehicle's electrical network. This alternator is cheap compared to machines currently studied for future hybrid vehicles. The use of the alternator can be carried out via its original winding (for example 12V) connected to a higher voltage network (for example 42V or more) in order to improve its impedance matching and consequently its efficiency.
[0011]. L'invention concerne donc un véhicule hybride comportant un moteur thermique accouplé aux arbres de transmission des roues avant afin d'assurer la traction thermique du train avant du véhicule, au moins une machine électrique accouplée aux arbres de transmission des roues arrière afin d'assurer la traction électrique du train arrière du véhicule, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable installé entre la machine électrique et 2 les arbres de transmission des roues arrières, le rapport de démultiplication de ce réducteur étant adapté en fonction de la vitesse des roues afin d'étendre la plage de régime de fonctionnement de la machine électrique. [0012]. Selon une réalisation, le réducteur à rapport variable est constitué de deux étages, un premier étage à rapport de démultiplication fixe et un deuxième étage à rapport de démultiplication variable. [0011]. The invention therefore relates to a hybrid vehicle comprising a heat engine coupled to the front wheel drive shafts to ensure the thermal traction of the front axle of the vehicle, at least one electrical machine coupled to the rear wheel drive shafts to ensure the electric traction of the rear axle of the vehicle, characterized in that it further comprises a variable gear ratio gearbox installed between the electric machine and 2 the rear wheel drive shafts, the gear ratio of this reducer being adapted in wheel speed function to extend the operating range of the electric machine. [0012]. According to one embodiment, the variable ratio gearbox consists of two stages, a first stage with a fixed gear ratio and a second stage with a variable gear ratio.
[0013]. Selon une réalisation, le rapport de démultiplication fixe vaut 7.6 le rapport de démultiplication variable varie entre 0.8 et 3.1. [0013]. According to one embodiment, the fixed gear ratio is 7.6. The variable gear ratio varies between 0.8 and 3.1.
[0014]. Selon une réalisation, il comprend deux machines électriques accouplées chacune à un arbre de transmission d'une roue arrière. [0014]. In one embodiment, it comprises two electrical machines each coupled to a transmission shaft of a rear wheel.
[0015]. Selon une réalisation, il comprend une seule machine électrique (41) accouplée aux arbres de transmission des roues arrière par l'intermédiaire d'un différentiel. [0015]. In one embodiment, it comprises a single electric machine (41) coupled to the rear wheel drive shafts via a differential.
[0016]. Selon une réalisation, le réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable est 15 de type CVT. [0016]. In one embodiment, the gearbox with variable gear ratio is CVT type.
[0017]. Selon une réalisation, le réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable est de type toroïdal. [0017]. According to one embodiment, the gearbox variable gear ratio is toroidal type.
[0018]. Selon une réalisation, chaque réducteur à rapport de démultiplication variable est installé le long d'un bras de suspension du véhicule. [0018]. In one embodiment, each gearbox with variable gear ratio is installed along a suspension arm of the vehicle.
20 [0019]. Selon une réalisation, les axes des réducteurs à rapport de démultiplication variable sont accouplés avec les arbres de transmission par l'intermédiaire d'un joint de transmission homocinétique. [0019] According to one embodiment, the axes of the gearboxes with variable gear ratio are coupled with the transmission shafts via a homokinetic transmission joint.
[0020]. Selon une réalisation, la machine électrique est un alternateur de classe comprise entre 15 et 25. [0020]. In one embodiment, the electrical machine is an alternator of class between 15 and 25.
25 [0021]. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Ces dernières sont indiquées à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif de l'invention. Elles montrent : 25 [0021]. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These are indicated for illustrative purposes but not limiting of the invention. They show :
• Figure 1 : une représentation schématique d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel deux machines électriques assurent la traction du train arrière, le réducteur à rapport variable étant de type CVT ; • Figure 2 : une représentation schématique d'une variante de réalisation de la Figure 1 dans laquelle le réducteur à rapport variable est de type toroïdal ; • Figure 1: a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention in which two electric machines ensure the traction of the rear axle, the variable ratio gearbox being CVT type; FIG. 2: a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of FIG. 1 in which the variable ratio gearbox is of toroidal type;
• Figure 3 : une vue de trois dimensions d'un réducteur à rapport variable de type toroïdal utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention ; • Figure 3: a three-dimensional view of a toroidal variable ratio gearbox used for the implementation of the invention;
• Figure 4 : une représentation schématique d'un troisième mode de réalisation selon l'invention dans lequel une seule machine électrique assure la traction du train arrière du véhicule ; • Figure 4: a schematic representation of a third embodiment according to the invention in which a single electrical machine provides traction of the rear axle of the vehicle;
• Figure 5 : une représentation graphique d'un couple fourni par une machine électrique en fonction de la vitesse des roues, pour une machine accouplée à un réducteur à rapport fixe et pour une machine accouplée à un réducteur à rapport variable, comme dans l'invention. • Figure 5: a graphical representation of a torque provided by an electric machine as a function of the speed of the wheels, for a machine coupled to a fixed ratio gearbox and for a machine coupled to a variable ratio gearbox, as in the invention.
[0022]. Les éléments identiques conservent la même référence d'une figure à l'autre. [0022]. Identical elements retain the same reference from one figure to another.
[0023]. La figure 1 montre un véhicule hybride 1 selon l'invention comportant un moteur thermique 2 associé à un dispositif de transmission 4, tel qu'une boîte de vitesses accouplée à une descente de pont, destiné à transmettre un couple moteur à un premier arbre 7 de transmission de roues et à un deuxième arbre 8 de transmission de roues, afin d'entraîner en rotation respectivement les roues avant 10 et 11. [0023]. FIG. 1 shows a hybrid vehicle 1 according to the invention comprising a heat engine 2 associated with a transmission device 4, such as a gearbox coupled to a lowering gear, intended to transmit a driving torque to a first shaft 7 wheel transmission and a second wheel drive shaft 8 for rotating the front wheels 10 and 11, respectively.
[0024]. Le véhicule 1 comporte également deux machines électriques 13 et 14 actionnables de manière indépendante destinées chacune à transmettre un couple moteur à une roue arrière 16, 17. A cet effet, chaque machine 13, 14 est accouplée à un arbre de transmission 19, 20 de ces roues par l'intermédiaire d'un réducteur 23, 24 à rapport variable. [0025]. Chaque réducteur 23, 24 à rapport variable comporte un étage à rapport r1 de démultiplication fixe et un étage r2 à rapport de démultiplication variable de type CVT (Transmission à Variation Continue). Dans un exemple, r1 vaut 7.6 et r2 varie entre 0.8 et 3.1. Le rapport R de démultiplication global égal à ri *r2 est égal au rapport entre la vitesse de rotation WMEL de la machine électrique 13, 14 et la vitesse de rotation WROUES des roues 16, 17. En variante, le réducteur 23, 24 comprend un seul étage à rapport de démultiplication variable. [0024]. The vehicle 1 also comprises two independently controllable electric machines 13 and 14 each intended to transmit a driving torque to a rear wheel 16, 17. For this purpose, each machine 13, 14 is coupled to a transmission shaft 19, 20 of these wheels via a gear 23, 24 variable ratio. [0025]. Each variable-ratio gearbox 23, 24 comprises a stage with a ratio r1 of fixed gear ratio and a stage r2 with a variable gear ratio of CVT type (Continuously Variable Transmission). In one example, r1 is 7.6 and r2 varies between 0.8 and 3.1. The ratio R of global reduction equal to ri * r2 is equal to the ratio between the speed of rotation WMEL of the electric machine 13, 14 and the rotation speed WROUES of the wheels 16, 17. As a variant, the gearbox 23, 24 comprises a single stage variable gear ratio.
[0026]. De manière classique, la transmission CVT est composée de deux poulies dont les gorges sont à écartement variable reliées par une courroie. En fonction de l'écartement des parois des poulies, la courroie pénètre plus ou moins près du centre et change le rapport de démultiplication en conséquence. Généralement, le rapport est choisi par un dispositif centrifuge en fonction de la vitesse de rotation : plus le moteur tourne vite, plus le rapport de démultiplication augmente. [0026]. Conventionally, the CVT transmission is composed of two pulleys whose grooves are variable spacing connected by a belt. Depending on the spacing of the pulley walls, the belt penetrates more or less close to the center and changes the gear ratio accordingly. Generally, the ratio is chosen by a centrifugal device according to the speed of rotation: the faster the motor rotates, the more the gear ratio increases.
[0027]. Les réducteurs 23 et 24, qui présentent une longueur importante compte tenu de la longueur de la courroie, sont positionnés chacun de préférence le long d'un bras de suspension, afin de limiter le déplacement relatif des axes des réducteurs 23 et 24 par rapport aux arbres de transmission 19 et 20 des roues. En variante, le carter des réducteurs 23, 24 joue le rôle de bras de suspension. [0027]. The gearboxes 23 and 24, which have a significant length given the length of the belt, are preferably each positioned along a suspension arm, in order to limit the relative displacement of the axes of the gear units 23 and 24 with respect to the lengths of the belt. transmission shafts 19 and 20 of the wheels. In a variant, the gearbox housing 23, 24 acts as a suspension arm.
[0028]. Selon une réalisation, les machines électriques 13 et 14 sont des alternateurs classiques de classe comprise entre 15 et 25 apte à fonctionner dans une plage de vitesses comprise entre 0 et 20000 tour/min. On rappelle que la classe correspond au débit de la machine électrique, un alternateur de classe N pouvant débiter un courant de 10*N Ampères. [0028]. According to one embodiment, the electric machines 13 and 14 are conventional class alternators between 15 and 25 capable of operating in a range of speeds between 0 and 20000 rev / min. It is recalled that the class corresponds to the flow of the electric machine, a class N alternator can deliver a current of 10 * N Amperes.
[0029]. Les machines électriques 13, 14 sont reliées à une batterie 26 par exemple de type supercondensateur. Lorsque les machines 13, 14 fonctionnent en mode moteur, elles prélèvent de l'énergie électrique à la batterie 26 et la transforme en énergie mécanique de traction. Lorsque les machines 13 et 14 fonctionnent en mode générateur, par exemple lors des phases de freinage du véhicule, elles transforment l'énergie cinétique du véhicule en énergie électrique stockée dans la batterie 26. [0030]. Par ailleurs, un module de commande 27 pouvant être relié ou intégré, s'il y a lieu, au calculateur moteur (non représenté) contrôle indépendamment les machines électriques 13 et 14. L'indépendance du contrôle des deux machines électriques 13, 14 permet d'augmenter la stabilité du véhicule 1 en générant le couple approprié aux roues arrière 16, 17 indépendamment. [0029]. The electrical machines 13, 14 are connected to a battery 26, for example of the supercapacitor type. When the machines 13, 14 operate in motor mode, they take electrical energy from the battery 26 and transform it into mechanical traction energy. When the machines 13 and 14 operate in generator mode, for example during the braking phases of the vehicle, they convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy stored in the battery 26. [0030] Furthermore, a control module 27 that can be connected or integrated, if necessary, to the engine control unit (not shown) independently controls the electrical machines 13 and 14. The independence of the control of the two electrical machines 13, 14 allows to increase the stability of the vehicle 1 by generating the appropriate torque to the rear wheels 16, 17 independently.
[0031]. En outre, un module de puissance 28 est connecté au module de contrôle 27, aux machines électriques 13, 14 et à la batterie 26. En fonction des instructions données par le module de commande 27, le module de puissance 28 commande le fonctionnement en mode moteur ou en mode générateur des machines électriques 13 et 14. [0031]. In addition, a power module 28 is connected to the control module 27, to the electrical machines 13, 14 and to the battery 26. According to the instructions given by the control module 27, the power module 28 controls the operating mode. motor or in generator mode of the electric machines 13 and 14.
[0032]. La figure 2 montre une variante dans laquelle les réducteurs 23 et 24 à rapport variable de type CVT ont été remplacés par des réducteurs 23' et 24' comprenant un étage à rapport variable de type toroïdal. [0032]. FIG. 2 shows a variant in which the gearboxes 23 and 24 with a variable ratio of the CVT type have been replaced by gearboxes 23 'and 24' comprising a toroidal variable ratio stage.
[0033]. La figure 3 montre une vue en trois dimensions d'un étage réducteur 23.2', 24.2' à rapport variable de type toroïdal comportant un arbre 31 sur lequel sont montés deux plateaux 33.1 et 33.2 en forme de cuvette reliés à un arbre d'entrée (dans l'invention l'arbre de la machine électrique 13, 14) et deux plateaux 34.1, 34.2 également en forme de cuvette montés sur l'arbre de part et d'autre des plateaux 33, les plateaux 34 étant reliés à un arbre de sortie (dans l'invention l'arbre de transmission 19, 20 des roues). [0033]. FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of a toroidal ratio variable ratio reduction stage 23.2 ', 24.2' comprising a shaft 31 on which are mounted two cup-shaped trays 33.1 and 33.2 connected to an input shaft ( in the invention the shaft of the electric machine 13, 14) and two trays 34.1, 34.2 also cup-shaped mounted on the shaft on either side of the trays 33, the trays 34 being connected to a shaft of output (in the invention the transmission shaft 19, 20 wheels).
[0034]. L'étage réducteur 23.2', 24.2' comporte en outre des éléments mobiles 39 comportant chacun une roulette 39.1 apte à tourner autour d'un axe 39.2 et une fourche 39.3 portant la roulette 39.1 apte à pivoter autour d'un axe 39.4, cet axe 39.4 présentant une position intermédiaire entre l'axe 31 et l'extrémité des plateaux 33 et 39. Les éléments mobiles 39 sont montés entre les plateaux 33 d'entrée et les plateaux 34 de sortie, les roulettes 39.1 étant en contact avec les parois des creux des plateaux 33 et 34. [0034]. The gear stage 23.2 ', 24.2' further comprises movable elements 39 each comprising a wheel 39.1 rotatable about an axis 39.2 and a fork 39.3 carrying the wheel 39.1 pivotable about an axis 39.4, this axis 39.4 having an intermediate position between the axis 31 and the end of the plates 33 and 39. The movable elements 39 are mounted between the input plates 33 and the output plates 34, the rollers 39.1 being in contact with the walls of the hollow of the plates 33 and 34.
[0035]. Le rapport de démultiplication r2 de l'étage 23.2', 24.2' varie en fonction de l'orientation des éléments mobiles 39. En effet, en inclinant la fourchette 39.1 autour de son axe 39.4, on fait varier les rayons des zones des plateaux 33, 34 liées en rotation par l'intermédiaire des éléments mobiles 39, ce qui fait varier le rapport de démultiplication r2. [0035]. The reduction ratio r2 of the stage 23.2 ', 24.2' varies as a function of the orientation of the movable elements 39. Indeed, by tilting the fork 39.1 about its axis 39.4, the rays of the zones of the trays 33 are varied. , 34 linked in rotation through the movable elements 39, which varies the gear ratio r2.
[0036]. Dans la réalisation selon la figure 2, comme les réducteurs 23' et 24' sont fixes par rapport au châssis du véhicule et que les roues 16 et 17 sont mobiles par rapport au châssis par l'intermédiaire des suspensions, les axes 31 des réducteurs toroïdaux et les arbres 19, 20 de transmission des roues occupent des positions relatives variables pendant le fonctionnement du véhicule. Afin de compenser ces variations de position, on utilise de préférence un joint de transmission homocinétique pour permettre l'accouplement entre les axes 31 et les arbres 19, 20. [0036]. In the embodiment according to Figure 2, as the gearboxes 23 'and 24' are fixed relative to the vehicle frame and that the wheels 16 and 17 are movable relative to the chassis through the suspensions, the axes 31 toroidal reducers and the wheel drive shafts 19, 20 occupy variable relative positions during the operation of the vehicle. In order to compensate for these position variations, a homokinetic transmission joint is preferably used to allow the coupling between the axes 31 and the shafts 19, 20.
[0037]. La figure 4 montre une variante dans laquelle le véhicule comporte une seule machine 41 assurant la traction du train arrière. A cet effet, la machine 41 est accouplée aux arbres de transmission 19 et 20 des roues 16, 17 par l'intermédiaire d'un différentiel 42, via un réducteur 43 à rapport de démultiplication variable de type CVT ou toroïdal. S'il y a lieu, le réducteur 43 peut également être à double étage. Dans ce cas, la machine électrique 41 utilisée est plus puissante que celles 13, 14 associées à chaque roue du véhicule, afin de fournir le couple de traction nécessaire. [0037]. Figure 4 shows a variant in which the vehicle comprises a single machine 41 ensuring the traction of the rear axle. For this purpose, the machine 41 is coupled to the transmission shafts 19 and 20 of the wheels 16, 17 by means of a differential 42, via a gearbox 43 with a variable reduction ratio of the CVT or toroidal type. If necessary, the gearbox 43 can also be double-decked. In this case, the electric machine 41 used is more powerful than those 13, 14 associated with each wheel of the vehicle, to provide the necessary traction torque.
[0038]. La figure 5 montre une représentation graphique 49 du couple CMEL en Newton mètres (N.m) fourni par une machine électrique 13, 14 en fonction de la vitesse de rotation WMEL des roues en tours par minute (tours/min) pour une machine électrique 13, 14 accouplée à un réducteur à rapport de démultiplication fixe (partie grisée 50) et à un réducteur 23, 24 ou 23', 24' à rapport de démultiplication variable utilisé avec l'invention (partie hachurée 51). [0038]. FIG. 5 shows a graphical representation 49 of the CMEL couple in Newton meters (Nm) supplied by an electric machine 13, 14 as a function of the speed of rotation WMEL of the wheels in revolutions per minute (revolutions / min) for an electric machine 13, 14 coupled to a gearbox fixed gear ratio (shaded portion 50) and gearbox 23, 24 or 23 ', 24' variable gear ratio used with the invention (hatched portion 51).
[0039]. Les courbes ont été obtenues pour un véhicule hybride à train arrière tracté électriquement par deux alternateurs de type CL7 fonctionnant en mode moteur, le réducteur à rapport fixe présentant un rapport égal à 23,5 le réducteur à rapport variable 23, 24 ou 23', 24' présentant un étage à rapport de démultiplication fixe r1 valant 7.6 et un étage à rapport de démultiplication variable r2 variant entre 0.8 et 3.1. [0040]. Le rapport de démultiplication r2 dépend de la vitesse de roue WROUES. En effet, plus la vitesse de roue WROUES est élevée, plus le rapport r2 de démultiplication est faible. Inversement plus la vitesse de roue WROUES est faible, plus le rapport de démultiplication r2 est élevé. Ainsi, pour des vitesses de roue WROUES faibles, le réducteur 23, 24 ou 23', 24' à rapport variable présente un rapport de démultiplication R= rl*r2 élevé de l'ordre de 20 ; tandis que pour des vitesses de roue WROUES élevées, le réducteur 23, 24 ou 23', 24' à rapport variable présente un rapport de démultiplication R=rl *r2 de l'ordre de 6. [0039]. The curves were obtained for a rear-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle towed electrically by two alternators of type CL7 operating in engine mode, the fixed ratio gearbox having a ratio equal to 23.5 the variable ratio gearbox 23, 24 or 23 ', 24 'having a fixed ratio gear stage r1 7.6 and a variable ratio gear stage r2 between 0.8 and 3.1. [0040]. The gear ratio r2 depends on the wheel speed WROUES. Indeed, the higher the wheel speed WROUES, the lower the ratio r2 of reduction. Conversely, the lower the WROUES wheel speed, the higher the gear ratio r2. Thus, for low WRUE wheel speeds, the gearbox 23, 24 or 23 ', 24' with variable ratio has a gear ratio R = r.sub.r.sub.l.sub.2 of the order of 20; while for wheel speeds WROUES elevated, the reducer 23, 24 or 23 ', 24' to variable ratio has a gear ratio R = rl * r2 of the order of 6.
[0041]. On observe qu'avec un rapport de démultiplication fixe la machine électrique 13, 14 peut fournir un couple moteur CMEL jusqu'à une vitesse de roues WROUES de l'ordre de 500 tours/min, mais aucun couple au-delà. En revanche, avec le réducteur 23, 24 ou 23', 24' à rapport de démultiplication variable utilisé dans l'invention, la machine électrique 13, 14 peut fournir un couple moteur CMEL pour des vitesses de roues WROUES allant jusqu'à 1500 tours/min. L'invention permet ainsi d'étendre la plage de régime WROUES sur laquelle le couple CMEL peut être fourni, et donc de mieux exploiter les performances de la machine électrique 13, 14. [0041]. It is observed that with a fixed gear ratio the electric machine 13, 14 can provide a motor torque CMEL up to Wheels wheel speed of the order of 500 revolutions / min, but no torque beyond. On the other hand, with the gearbox 23, 24 or 23 ', 24' with variable gear ratio used in the invention, the electric machine 13, 14 can provide a motor torque CMEL for wheel speeds WROUES up to 1500 revolutions / min. The invention thus makes it possible to extend the WROUES range over which the CMEL pair can be provided, and thus to better exploit the performance of the electric machine 13, 14.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0855936A FR2935307B1 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2008-09-04 | HYBRID VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST ONE WHEEL-FITTED ELECTRIC MACHINE THROUGH A REDUCER WITH A VARIABLE DEMULTIPLICATION RATIO. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0855936A FR2935307B1 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2008-09-04 | HYBRID VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST ONE WHEEL-FITTED ELECTRIC MACHINE THROUGH A REDUCER WITH A VARIABLE DEMULTIPLICATION RATIO. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| FR2935307A1 true FR2935307A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 |
| FR2935307B1 FR2935307B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| FR0855936A Active FR2935307B1 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2008-09-04 | HYBRID VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST ONE WHEEL-FITTED ELECTRIC MACHINE THROUGH A REDUCER WITH A VARIABLE DEMULTIPLICATION RATIO. |
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| DE102014218556A1 (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-12-17 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Vehicle with electric motor and automatic transmission |
| CN109398060A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-01 | 北京宏瑞汽车科技股份有限公司 | A kind of integrated electric drive system |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2935307B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 |
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