FR2922445A1 - Cosmetic composition, useful for treating, oxidation coloring, lightening direct dyeing, and bleaching of the keratin fibers, comprises polylysines and additional alkaline agents comprising e.g. alkali metal or alkaline earth carbonates - Google Patents

Abstract

Cosmetic composition for treating keratin fibers, comprises: one or more polylysines; and one or more additional alkaline agents comprising alkali metal or alkaline earth carbonates, alkali metals or alkaline earth carbamates and/or alkali metal or alkaline-earth hydrogen carbonate, in a medium. An independent claim is included for a device with several compartments, comprising first compartment containing the composition, and second compartment containing an oxidizing composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents.

Description

PATENT APPLICATION B07-1201FR GD / GL OA07400 Société Anonyme known as: L'OREAL COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF KERATIN FIBERS COMPRISING A POLYLYSIN AND AN ALKALINE AGENT Invention of: LEGRAND Frédéric ASCIONE Jean-Marc COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF KERATINIC FIBERS COMPRISING The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for the treatment of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers such as the hair, comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, one or more polylysines and one or more alkaline agents.

It is known to use, in the treatment of hair, oxidizing compositions, especially for dyeing human keratinous fibers and in particular the hair with dyeing compositions containing oxidation dye precursors, generally known as oxidation bases. These oxidation bases are colorless or weakly colored compounds which, when combined with oxidizing products, give rise to colored compounds by a process of oxidative condensation. The oxidation dyeing process consists in applying to the keratinous fibers oxidation bases or a mixture of oxidation bases and couplers with an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide (or hydrogen peroxide), which is added at the time of use. Generally, this process is carried out at an alkaline pH, in particular in the presence of ammonia, and makes it possible to obtain a dyeing and at the same time a lightening of the fiber, which in practice results in the possibility of obtaining a lighter final coloration than the original color. In addition, the lightening of the fiber has the advantageous effect of generating a solid color in the case of gray hair, and in the case of naturally pigmented hair, to bring out the color, that is to say the color. make more visible. It is also known to dye human keratin fibers by a so-called semi-permanent coloration or direct dyeing, which uses dyes capable of providing the natural color of the hair, even without an oxidizing agent, a more or less marked modification.

These direct dyes can also be used in combination with oxidizing agents in the case where it is desired to obtain a lighter color than the original color of the fibers. Thus, these direct dyes can be used in bleaching direct dyeing compositions based on hydrogen peroxide and ammonia or in oxidation dyeing compositions in combination with oxidation bases and / or couplers. Moreover, when a person wishes to discolor the hair, he also known to proceed to a fading from lightening products based on ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Thus it is therefore customary to use alkaline oxidizing compositions based on hydrogen peroxide and ammonia for dyeing and / or bleaching human keratinous fibers, and in particular the hair.

However, even if these implementation conditions are effective, they can cause a number of inconveniences at the time of their use. In particular, when these compositions are applied to the hair, it generally produces a release of ammonia that can lead to a suffocating and irritating odor to the eyes, the respiratory tract and mucous membranes. In addition, ammonia can cause, especially in people with a sensitive scalp, discomfort reactions such as redness, itching or tingling.

Finally, ammonia can also contribute to damaging keratin fibers. Indeed, in the long run, it is observed that the fibers are more or less degraded and tend to become rough, dull, brittle and difficult to comb. Thus, to overcome all the disadvantages described above, many alternatives have already been proposed to significantly reduce the ammonia content in the compositions for coloring and / or fiber discoloration. For this purpose, it has been proposed to apply to the hair coloring and / or decolorization compositions comprising a nonvolatile organic amine, such as monoethanolamine. If such compositions have the advantage of not releasing ammonia during their use, these compositions most often cause discomfort reactions, in particular irritations in persons with a sensitive scalp. In addition, for equivalent brightening performance, monoethanolamine damages hair more than ammonia. Other compositions associating ammonia with a water-soluble ammonium salt have also been envisaged. Such compositions are described in particular in the patent application EP148466. However, these compositions do not make it possible to satisfactorily reduce the unpleasant odors due to the release of ammonia and the lightening performance of this type of compositions remains limited compared with ammonia-based compositions. Similarly, compositions containing compounds, such as carbonates, ammonium or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonates, have also been proposed.

Even if these compositions make it possible to significantly reduce the ammonia contents, the lightening performance of this type of composition is still lower than that of the ammonia compositions. In addition, these compositions continue to strongly damage the keratinous fibers.

Alternatively, compositions based on neutral or basic amino acids have also been envisaged to completely or partially replace the ammonia content. Thus, patent EP0840593 describes ammonia-free compositions comprising in particular, as alkaline agent, a mixture based on a compound chosen from amino acids and oligopeptides having an amino group and a group -COOH or ûSO3H and a compound selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1 , 3-propanediol and 2-amino-2-methylbutanol. Similarly, patent applications JP2004262885 and JP2004262886 describe ammonia-free compositions based on neutral or basic amino acids, nonvolatile amine and an organic ammonium acid ion, respectively. Finally, US5131912 discloses compositions based on neutral or basic amino acids as alkaline agents and compounds capable of releasing, such as carbonates, ammonium or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonates. . The mixture before use of these alkaline compositions with an oxidizing composition of hydrogen peroxide has a pH of between 6.5 and 7.9. If such compositions have the advantage of not giving off ammonia during their use, these compositions still do not allow to equal the level of performance in terms of lightening of ammonia-based compositions. In addition, these compositions may cause irritation of the scalp.

Thus, there is a real need to reduce the ammonia content in the oxidizing compositions intended in particular for coloring and / or bleaching, in order to reduce unpleasant odors accompanying it, scalp irritation and damage. keratinous fibers while retaining good coloring and / or discoloration properties. The present invention therefore particularly relates to a cosmetic composition for the treatment of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers such as the hair, comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, one or more polylysines and one or more additional alkaline agents chosen from alkali or alkaline-earth metal carbonates, alkali or alkaline-earth metal carbamates, alkali or alkaline-earth metal hydrogencarbonates and mixtures thereof.

The cosmetic composition according to the invention has the advantage of reducing the inconvenience due to a release of ammonia or the use of monoethanolamine or the like. The cosmetic composition according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the discomfort likely to be felt at the time of application of said composition to the keratinous fibers at the level of the scalp. In addition, the cosmetic composition makes it possible to reduce the damage of the fiber compared with ammonia-based compositions. When used with oxidation dye precursors and / or direct dyes, a dyeing composition is obtained which has the additional advantage of preserving good dyeing properties, in particular powerful, chromatic, low-selective and well-resistant stains. assaults that can be suffered by the hair. When the cosmetic composition according to the invention is used with an oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, there is obtained a bleaching or lightening composition having the additional advantage of leading to a satisfactory lightening of the keratinous fibers. The present invention also relates to bleaching and / or dyeing processes, keratinous fibers as well as dyeing devices or multi-compartment kits.

Other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the invention will emerge even more clearly on reading the description and examples which follow. Polylysines correspond to the condensation of several amino acids lysine.

As an example of polylysine, mention may be made of: poly-L-lysine epsilon (N = 5) sold by CHISSO CORPORATION which is a 5% solution of polylysine in water; - Polylysine 10% solution M Grade from CHISSO CORPORATION which is a 10% solution of polylysine in water; - the product polylysine 25% solution of CHISSO CORPORATION which is a 25% solution of polylysine in water; the polylysine product 50% of CHISSO CORPORATION which is a 50/50 mixture of polylysine (N = 25 to 30) with dextrin.

According to one particular embodiment, the polylysine may be a modified polylysine, for example a polylysine with a fatty chain as described in application FR 2889448, a polylysine with a guanidine or biguanidine function as described in application FR 2851465, a thiolated polylysine as described in the application FR2853533.

The polylysine may be in the form of organic or inorganic salts. The addition salts with an acid are, for example, the hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid or sulfuric or citric or succinic or tartaric or lactic acid or para-toluenesulphonic or phosphoric or acetic acid salts or the fatty acid salts such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. , stearic, behenic and 18-methylicosanoic. The addition salts with a base are, for example, the sodium, calcium salts and the hydroxyalkylamine salts, for example N-methylglucamine, aminopropane diol or triethanolamine. The cosmetic composition according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 5% by weight, and preferably from 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, of polylysine (s), relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition contains one or more additional alkaline agents selected from alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali or alkaline earth metal carbamates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogencarbonates and mixtures thereof. The alkali or alkaline earth metals may be selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and barium. Preferably, the additional alkaline agent (s) are chosen from sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.

The composition according to the invention may contain one or more amino acids. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "amino acid" means a compound which is not obtained as a result of the polycondensation of identical or different amino acids.

The amino acids that can be used according to the invention comprise at least one amine function and at least one acid function. The acid function (s) may be carboxylic, sulphonic, phosphonic or phosphoric, and preferably carboxylic. Preferably, the amino acids used in the present invention are α-amino acids, that is to say that they contain an amine function and a group R located in position alpha with respect to the acid function. They can be represented by the following formula:

In which: when p = 2, R represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group that may or may not comprise a heterocyclic portion, or an aromatic group, or when p = 1, R = -H- (OH) p; R can form a heterocycle with the nitrogen atom of N (H) p. This heterocycle is preferably a saturated 5-membered ring, optionally substituted by one or more C 1 -C 4 alkyl or hydroxy groups.

Preferably, the aliphatic group is a linear or branched C1-4 alkyl group; a linear or branched C1-4 hydroxyalkyl group; a linear or branched C1-4 aminoalkyl group; a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 alkylthioalkyl group; a C 2 -C 4 carboxyalkyl group, linear or branched; a linear or branched ureidoalkyl group, a linear or branched guanidinoalkyl group, a linear or branched imidazoloalkyl group, a linear or branched indoylalkyl group, the alkyl portions of these last four groups comprising from one to four carbon atoms.

Preferably, the aromatic group is a C 6 aryl or C 7-10 aralkyl group, the aromatic ring being optionally substituted with one or more C 1-4 alkyl groups, or hydroxy. As amino acids that may be used in the present invention, there may be mentioned in particular aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, N-phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine and hydroxyproline.

The amino acids particularly preferred in the present invention are arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine. The compositions used according to the invention generally have a concentration of acid (s) amine (s) of between 0.1 and 15% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 10% by weight, more particularly lower. at 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. The additional alkaline agent (s) may be present in the composition according to the invention at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight, and preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, and more preferably from 0.5 to 10% relative to the total weight of the composition. According to one particular embodiment, the composition according to the present invention is free of alkaline agents chosen from ammonia and / or ammonium salts and / or nonvolatile organic amines, that is to say amines organic whose vapor pressure at 20 ° C is less than 0.1 mm Hg, such as alkanolamines. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition contains no ammonia, ammonium salt or monoethanolamine. The composition may comprise one or more oxidizing agents chosen, for example, from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, persalts such as perborates and persulfates, and enzymes such as peroxidases and oxidoreductases. two or four electrons. The use of hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferred.

The content of oxidizing agent in the composition may be between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the composition, preferably between 0.5 and 6% by weight of the composition. Preferably, the pH of the composition after mixing with the oxidizing agent is between 5 and 10.5, preferably between 6 and 10. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more surfactants chosen from surfactants. anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric or zwitterionic. By way of example of anionic surfactants that can be used, alone or as mixtures, in the context of the present invention, mention may be made in particular (nonlimiting list) of the salts (in particular alkaline salts, in particular sodium salts, ammonium salts, sodium salts and the like). amines, aminoalcohol salts or magnesium salts) of the following compounds: alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl amido ether sulphates, alkyl aryl polyether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates; alkylsulfonates, alkylphosphates, alkylamidesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, α-olefinsulfonates, paraffin sulfonates; (C6-C24) alkylsulphosuccinates, (C6-C24) alkylsulphosuccinates, (C6-C24) alkylamidesulfosuccinates; (C6-C24) alkyl sulphoacetates; acyl (C6-Cz4) sarcosinates and acyl (C6-C4) glutamates. It is also possible to use (C6-C24) alkyl polyglycoside carboxylic esters such as alkylglucoside citrates, alkylpolyglycoside tartrate and alkylpolyglycoside sulfosuccinates, alkylsulfosuccinamates; acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, the alkyl or acyl radical of all these different compounds preferably comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl radical preferably denoting a phenyl or benzyl group. Among the anionic surfactants that can still be used, mention may also be made of fatty acid salts such as the salts of oleic, ricinoleic and palmitic acids, coconut oil acids or hydrogenated coconut oil acids, and especially preferably the salts thereof. sodium, calcium or magnesium salts of stearic acid; acyl lactylates whose acyl radical has 8 to 20 carbon atoms. It is also possible to use alkyl D galactoside uronic acids and their salts, polyoxyalkylenated (C6-C24) alkyl carboxylic ether acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C6-C24) aryl ether carboxylic acids, (C6-C24) alkyl amido acids. polyoxyalkylenated carboxylic ether and their salts, in particular those containing from 2 to 50 alkylene oxide groups, in particular ethylene, and mixtures thereof.

The nonionic surfactants that can be used in the compositions according to the invention are compounds which are well known per se (see in particular in this connection "Handbook of Surfactants" by MR PORTER, Blackie & Son editions (Glasgow and London), 1991, pp 116 -178). Thus, they may be chosen in particular from (non-limiting list) alcohols, alpha-diols, polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polypropoxylated, having a fatty chain comprising for example 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the number of ethylene oxide groups or propylene oxide which may range from 2 to 50. Mention may also be made of copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, condensates of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide on fatty alcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amides preferably having from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, polyglycerolated fatty amides comprising on average 1 to 5 glycerol groups and in particular 1.5 to 4; polyethoxylated fatty amines preferably having 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; oxyethylenated sorbitan fatty acid esters having from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, alkylpolyglycosides, N-alkylglucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as (C10-C14) alkyl oxides or oxides N-acylaminopropylmorpholine.

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants that may be used in the compositions according to the present invention may be in particular (non-limiting list) derivatives of aliphatic secondary or tertiary amines, in which the aliphatic radical is a linear or branched chain containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and containing at least one water-soluble anionic group (for example carboxylate, sulphonate, sulphate, phosphate or phosphonate); mention may also be made of (C8-C20) alkyl betaines, sulphobetaines, (C8-C20) alkylamido (C1-C6) alkyl betaine or (C8-C20) alkylamido (C1-C6) alkyl sulphobetaines.

Among the amine derivatives, mention may be made of the products sold under the name MIRANOL, as described in US Pat. Nos. 2,528,378 and 2,781,354 and classified in the CTFA dictionary, 3rd edition, 1982, under the names Amphocarboxyglycinates and Amphocarboxypropionates of respective structures

R2 -CONHCH2CH2 -N (R3) (R4) (CH2COO-)

wherein: R2 denotes an alkyl radical of an R2-COOH acid present in the hydrolysed coconut oil, a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl radical, R3 denotes a beta-hydroxyethyl group and R4 a carboxymethyl group; and R2'-CONHCH2CH2-N (B) (C) wherein: B represents -CH2CH2OX ', C represents - (CH2) z -Y', with z1 or 2, X 'denotes the group -CH2CH2-COOH or a hydrogen atom, Y 'denotes -COOH or the radical -CH2 -CHOH-SO3H, R2' denotes an alkyl radical of an R9 -COOH acid present in coconut oil or in hydrolysed linseed oil; alkyl radical, especially C7, C9, C11 or C13, a C17 alkyl radical and its iso form, an unsaturated C17 radical.

These compounds are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5th edition, 1993, under the names Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate, Disodium Lauroamphodiacetate, Disodium Caprylamphodiacetate, Disodium Capryloamphodiacetate, Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate, Disodium Lauroamphodipropionate, Disodium Caprylamphodipropionate, Disodium Capryloamphodipropionate, Lauroamphodipropionic Acid, Cocoamphodipropionic Acid. By way of example, mention may be made of cocoamphodiacetate sold under the trade name MIRANOL C2M concentrated by Rhodia Chimie.

Among the cationic surfactants that may be employed in the composition according to the invention, mention may be made in particular (non-limiting list): the salts of primary, secondary or tertiary fatty amines, optionally polyoxyalkylenated; quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium, alkylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium, trialkylbenzylammonium, trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium or alkylpyridinium chlorides or bromides; imidazoline derivatives; or oxides of amines with a cationic character.

The composition according to the invention may further contain at least one fatty substance. The fatty substances that can be used in the present invention are chosen in particular from vegetable oils, animal oils, mineral oils, natural or synthetic oils, fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof.

The composition according to the invention may also contain at least one thickening polymer also called "rheology adjusting agents". As rheology adjusting agents, the non-associative gelling agents may be used; these include polymers or copolymers of unsaturated organic carboxylic acids or unsaturated esters, polysaccharide derivatives, gums, colloidal silicates, polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, hydrophilic silica gels. The rheology adjusting agents may also be chosen from fatty acid amides (diethanol or coconut monoethanol amide, oxyethylenated alkyl ether carboxylic acid monoethanolamide), cellulosic thickeners (hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose), guar gum and its derivatives (hydroxypropylguar), gums of microbial origin (xanthan gum, scleroglucan gum), crosslinked homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid or acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid and associative thickening polymers. These associative polymers are water-soluble polymers capable, in an aqueous medium, of reversibly associating with each other or with other molecules. Their chemical structure comprises hydrophilic zones, and hydrophobic zones characterized by at least one fatty chain. The associative polymers may be of anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic type. Their concentration may vary from about 0.01 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition according to the invention. For example, anionic associative polymers are described and prepared according to an emulsion polymerization process in patent EP-0 216 479. Among these anionic associative polymers, polymers formed from 20 to 20 are particularly preferred according to the invention. 60% by weight of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, 5 to 60% by weight of lower alkyl (meth) acrylates, 2 to 50% by weight of fatty-chain allyl ether, and from 0 to 1% by weight of a crosslinking agent which is a well-known copolymerizable polyethylenic unsaturated monomer, such as diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and methylene-bis-acrylamide. Among these, the crosslinked terpolymers of methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol (10 OE) and stearyl alcohol ether (Steareth 10) are particularly preferred, in particular those sold by the company ALLIED COLLOIDS under the names SALCARE SC80 and SALCARE SC90 which are 30% aqueous emulsions of a crosslinked terpolymer of methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate and steareth-10-allyl ether (40/50/10). Mention may also be made of the alkyl esters (C 10 -C 30) of unsaturated carboxylic acids in accordance with the invention, for example lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, acrylate and the like. isodecyl, dodecyl acrylate, and corresponding methacrylates, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate. Anionic polymers of this type are, for example, described and prepared according to US Pat. Nos. 3,915,921 and 4,509,949.

Mention may also be made of the products sold by the company GOODRICH under the trade names PEMULEN TR1, PEMULEN TR2, CARBOPOL 1382, and even more preferentially PEMULEN TR1, and the product sold by S.E.P.P.I.C. under the name COATEX SX.

By way of example of this type of compound, mention may also be made of Aculyn 22 sold by Rohm and Haas, which is a methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / stearyl methacrylate oxyalkylenated terpolymer. Among the associative polymers of cationic type, mention may be made of: - (I) cationic associative polyurethanes whose family has been described in French Patent Application No. 0009609. The number-average molecular mass of cationic associative polyurethanes is preferably comprised between 400 and 500 000, in particular between 1000 and 400 000 and ideally between 1000 and 300 000. - (II) quaternized cellulose derivatives and polyacrylates with non-cyclic amine side groups. The quaternized cellulose derivatives are in particular: quaternized celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups containing at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof; quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups containing at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof. The alkyl radicals borne by the above-quaternized celluloses or hydroxyethylcelluloses preferably contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The aryl radicals preferably denote phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl or anthryl groups. Examples of C8-C30 fatty chain quaternized alkylhydroxyethylcelluloses are QUATRISOFT LM 200, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18-A, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18B (C12 alkyl) and QUATRISOFT LM products. -X 529-8 (C18 alkyl) marketed by the company AMERCHOL and the products CRODACEL QM, CRODACEL QL (C12 alkyl) and CRODACEL QS (C18 alkyl) marketed by the company CRODA.

The amphoteric associative polymers are preferably chosen from those comprising at least one non-cyclic cationic unit. Even more particularly, those prepared from or comprising 1 to 20 mole% of monomer having a fatty chain, and preferably 1.5 to 15 mole% and more particularly 1.5 to 6 mole%, based on the number, are preferred. total moles of monomers. Amphoteric associative polymers are for example described and prepared in the patent application WO9844012. Among the amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention, acrylic acid / (meth) acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / stearyl methacrylate terpolymers are preferred. The nonionic associative polymers that can be used according to the invention are preferably chosen from: (1) celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain; mention may be made, for example, of: hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups, or mixtures thereof, and in which the alkyl groups are preferably C8-C22, such as the product NATROSOL PLUS GRADE 330 CS (alkyls in C16) sold by AQUALON, or the product BERMOCOLL EHM 100 sold by BEROL NOBEL, - those modified with polyalkylene glycol ether alkylphenol groups, such as the product AMERCELL POLYMER HM-1500 (polyethylene glycol (15) nonyl phenol ether) sold by the company Amerchol. (2) hydroxypropyl guars modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain such as the product ESAFLOR HM 22 (C22 alkyl chain) sold by LAMBERTI, the products RE210-18 (C14 alkyl chain) and RE205-1 (C20 alkyl chain) sold by the company Rhone Poulenc. (3) copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and of hydrophobic fatty-chain monomers which may be mentioned by way of example: the products ANTARON V216 or GANEX V216 (vinylpyrrolidone / hexadecene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P. products ANTARON V220 or GANEX V220 (vinylpyrrolidone / eicosene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P. (4) copolymers of methacrylates or of C1-C6 alkyl acrylates and of amphiphilic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain, such as, for example, the oxyethylenated methyl acrylate / stearyl acrylate copolymer sold by GOLDSCHMIDT under the name denomination ANTIL 208. (5) copolymers of hydrophilic methacrylates or acrylates and of hydrophobic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol methacrylate / lauryl methacrylate copolymer. (6) polyether polyurethanes comprising in their chain, both hydrophilic sequences most often polyoxyethylenated nature and hydrophobic sequences which may be aliphatic sequences alone and / or cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic sequences. (7) polymers having an aminoplast ether skeleton having at least one fatty chain, such as the PURE THIX compounds proposed by the company SUD-CHEMIE. By way of examples of nonionic polyurethane polyethers with a fatty chain which can be used in the invention, it is also possible to use also the urea-functional Rheolate 205 sold by the company Rheox or else the Rheolates 208, 204 or 212, as well as the Acrysol RM 184. Mention may also be made of the product ELFACOS T210 with a C12-14 alkyl chain and the product ELFACOS T212 with a C18 alkyl chain from AKZO. The product DW 1206B from Rohm & Haas containing a C20 alkyl chain and a urethane linkage, proposed at 20% solids content in water, may also be used. It is also possible to use solutions or dispersions of these polymers, especially in water or in an aqueous-alcoholic medium. By way of example, such polymers include, for example, Rheolate 255, Rheolate 278 and Rheolate 244 sold by Rheox. It is also possible to use the product DW 1206F and the DW 1206J proposed by the company Rohm & Haas. Mention may also be made of polyether polyurethanes sold in particular by the company ROHM & HAAS under the names Aculyn 46 and Aculyn 44. Aculyn 46 is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol with 150 or 180 moles of ethylene oxide, stearyl alcohol and methylene bis (4-cyclohexyl-isocyanate) (SMDI), 15% by weight in a matrix of maltodextrin (4%) and water (81%); ACULYN 44 is a polyethylene glycol polycondensate containing 150 or 180 moles of ethylene oxide, decyl alcohol and methylene bis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate) (SMDI), at 35% by weight in a propylene glycol mixture (39). %) and water (26%)]. Preferably, the thickening polymers are chosen from associative polymers of cationic type such as quaternized celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain and associative polymers of the type nonionic such as celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain and hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain.

The amount of thickening agents present in the composition according to the invention is between 0.01 and 10% and preferably between 0.1 and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition according to the invention may also contain one or more anhydrous cationic or amphoteric conditioning polymers such as, for example, those described in French Pat. Nos. 2,788,974 and 2,788,976 and as described hereinafter. For the purposes of the present invention, the expression "cationic polymer" denotes any polymer containing cationic groups and / or ionizable groups in cationic groups. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "conditioning polymer" means a polymer capable of improving the cosmetic properties of keratinous fibers, such as disentangling, touching, smoothing, gloss and volume. The cationic polymers that may be used in accordance with the present invention may be chosen from all those already known per se as improving the cosmetic properties of the hair, namely in particular those described in the patent application EP-A-337 354 and in the French patents 2,270,846, 2,383,660, 2,598,611, 2,470,596 and 2,519,863. Preferred cationic polymers are chosen from those containing units containing primary, secondary, tertiary and / or quaternary amine groups that can either be part of of the polymer backbone, be carried by a side substituent directly connected thereto. The cationic polymers used generally have a number-average molecular weight of between about 500 and 5 × 10 6, and preferably between about 103 and 3 × 10 6.

Among the cationic polymers, mention may be made more particularly of the polyamine, polyaminoamide and quaternary polyammonium type polymers.

These are known products. They are especially described in French Pat. Nos. 2,505,348 or 2,542,997. Among said polymers, mention may be made of: (1) homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or methacrylic esters or amides and comprising at least one units of the following formulas (II), (III), (IV) or (V): ## STR2 ## N + ~ R ~ R5 RI R6 R5 R3 (V) in which: R3, identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom or a radical CH3; A, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R4, R5, R6, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R1 and R2, identical or different, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably methyl or ethyl; X denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid such as a methosulphate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide. The polymers of family (1) may also contain one or more units derived from comonomers which may be chosen from the family of acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetones acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyls (C1-C4) , acrylic or methacrylic acids or their esters, vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, vinyl esters. Thus, among these polymers of the family (1), mention may be made of: copolymers of acrylamide and of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulphate or with a dimethyl halide; the copolymers of acrylamide and of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride described for example in the patent application EP-A-080976; the copolymer of acrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulphate; the vinylpyrrolidone / dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers, which may or may not be quaternized. These polymers are described in detail in French Patents 2,077,143 and 2,393,573; dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinylcaprolactam / vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers; vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylamidopropyl dimethylamine copolymer; quaternized dimethylaminopropyl vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylamide copolymers; crosslinked polymers of methacryloyloxyalkyl (C1-C4) trialkyl (C1-C4) ammonium salts, such as the polymers obtained by homopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized by methyl chloride, the homo or copolymerization being followed by crosslinking with an olefinically unsaturated compound, in particular methylenebisacrylamide. It is more particularly possible to use a crosslinked acrylamide / methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer (20/80 by weight) in the form of a dispersion containing 50% by weight of said copolymer in mineral oil. This dispersion is marketed under the name "SALCARE SC 92" by the company ALLIED COLLOIDS. It is also possible to use a crosslinked homopolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride containing about 50% by weight of the homopolymer in mineral oil or in a liquid ester. These dispersions are sold under the names "SALCARE SC 95" and "SALCARE SC 96" by the company ALLIED COLLOIDS.

(2) cellulose ether derivatives containing quaternary ammonium groups described in French Patent 1,492,597. These polymers are also defined in the CTFA dictionary as quaternary ammoniums of hydroxyethylcellulose having reacted with an epoxide substituted with a trimethylammonium group .

(3) cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer, and described especially in US Pat. No. 4 131 576, such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses, such as hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl- or hydroxypropylcelluloses grafted in particular with a salt of methacryloylethyl trimethylammonium, methacrylmidopropyltrimethylammonium, dimethyl-diallylammonium. (4) The cationic polygalactomannans described more particularly in US Pat. Nos. 3,589,578 and 4,031,307, such as guar gums containing cationic trialkylammonium groups. For example, guar gums modified with a salt (eg chloride) of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium are used.

(5) Polymers consisting of piperazinyl units and straight or branched chain alkylene or hydroxyalkylene divalent radicals, optionally interrupted by oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or aromatic or heterocyclic rings, as well as oxidation and / or quaternization of these polymers. Such polymers are especially described in French Patents 2,162,025 and 2,280,361. (6) water-soluble polyaminoamides prepared in particular by polycondensation of an acidic compound with a polyamine; these polyaminoamides may be crosslinked by an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide, a dianhydride, an unsaturated dianhydride, a bis-unsaturated derivative, a bis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bishaloacyldiamine, an alkyl bis-halide or a oligomer resulting from the reaction of a bifunctional compound reactive with a bis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bis-halo acyldiamine, a bis-alkyl halide, an epilhalohydrin, a diepoxide or a bis-unsaturated derivative; the crosslinking agent being used in proportions ranging from 0.025 to 0.35 moles per amine group of the polyaminoamide; these polyaminoamides can be alkylated or if they contain one or more tertiary amine functional groups, quaternized. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patents 2,252,840 and 2,368,508.

(7) Polyamino amide derivatives resulting from the condensation of polyalkylene polyamines with polycarboxylic acids followed by alkylation with difunctional agents. Mention may be made, for example, of adipiquadioacylaminohydroxyalkyldialoylene triamine polymers in which the alkyl radical contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably denotes methyl, ethyl or propyl. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patent 1,583,363.

Among these derivatives, mention may be made more particularly of adipic acid / dimethylaminohydroxypropyl / diethylene triamine polymers.

(8) The polymers obtained by reacting a polyalkylene polyamine comprising two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group with a dicarboxylic acid chosen from diglycolic acid and saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The molar ratio between the polyalkylene polylamine and the dicarboxylic acid being between 0.8: 1 and 1.4: 1; the polyaminoamide resulting therefrom being reacted with epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin relative to the secondary amine group of the polyaminoamide of between 0.5: 1 and 1.8: 1. Such polymers are described in particular in the patents US 3,227,615 and 2,961,347.

(9) cyclopolymers of alkyl diallyl amine or of dialkyl diallyl ammonium, such as homopolymers or copolymers comprising, as main constituent of the chain, units corresponding to formulas (VI) or (VII): (CH 2) k - (CH 2) t - CR9 i (R9) -CH2H2C / CH2 (CH2) k - (CH2) t- CR9 i (R9) -CH2H2CCH2 (VII) N (VI) R7 where k and t are 0 or 1 , the sum k + t being equal to 1; R9 denotes a hydrogen atom or a radical

methyl; R7 and R8, independently of each other, denote an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group in which the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a lower amidoalkyl group (C1 -C4), or R7

and R8 may together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, designate heterocyclic groups, such as piperidinyl or morpholinyl; R7 and R8, independently of one another, preferably denote an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Y-is an anion such as bromide, chloride, acetate, borate, citrate, tartrate, bisulfate, bisulfite, sulfate, phosphate. These polymers are described in particular in French Patent 2,080,759 and in its certificate of addition 2,190,406. (10) The quaternary diammonium polymer containing recurring units having the formula: wherein R10, R11, R12 and R13, which are identical or different from R10, R12, R12, R12, R12 and R13; different, represent aliphatic, alicyclic, or arylaliphatic radicals containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or lower hydroxyalkylaliphatic radicals, or R10, R11, R12 and R13, together or separately, together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached heterocycles optionally containing a second heteroatom other than nitrogen or R10, R11, R12 and R13 represent a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl radical substituted with a nitrile, ester, acyl, amide or -CO-O-R14 group -D or -CO-NH-R14-D where R14 is alkylene and D is a quaternary ammonium group; Al and B1 represent polymethylene groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain, bound to or intercalated in the main chain, one or more aromatic rings, or one or more atoms of oxygen, sulfur or sulfoxide, sulfone, disulfide, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, quaternary ammonium, ureido, amide or ester groups, and X-denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid; Al, R10 and R12 can form with the two nitrogen atoms to which they are attached a piperazine ring; in addition, if Al denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical, B1 can also denote a - (CH2) n -CO-D-OC- (CH2) n- group in which n is between 1 and 100; and preferably between 1 and 50, and D denotes: a) a glycol residue of formula: -OZO-, where Z denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or a group corresponding to one of the following formulas: - (CH 2 CH 2 -O) x-CH 2 -CH 2 - - [CH 2 -CH (CH 3) -O] y -CH 2 -CH (CH 3) - where x and y denote an integer of 1 to 4, representing a defined degree of polymerization and single or any number from 1 to 4 representing an average degree of polymerization; b) a bis-secondary diamine residue such as a piperazine derivative; c) a bis-primary diamine residue of formula: -NH-Y-NH-, where Y denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical, or alternatively the divalent radical - CH 2 -CH 2 -S-S-CH 2 -CH 2 -; d) a ureylene group of formula: -NH-CO-NH-.

Preferably, X- is an anion such as chloride or bromide. These polymers have a number-average molecular weight generally of between 1000 and 100,000. Polymers of this type are described, for example, in French patents 2,320,330, 2,270,846, 2,316,271, 2,336,434 and 2,413,907 and patents. US 2,273,780, 2,375,853, 2,388,614, 2,454,547, 3,206,462, 2,261,002, 2,271,378, 3,874,870, 4,001,432, 3,929,990, 3,966,904, 4,005,193, 4,025. .617, 4,025,627, 4,025,653, 4,026,945 and 4,027,020.

It is more particularly possible to use polymers which consist of recurring units corresponding to the following formula (IX):

Embedded image in which R 10, R 11, R 12 and R 13, which may be identical or different, denote an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein R 10, R 11, R 12 and R 13, which may be identical or different, denote an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms about n and p are integers ranging from about 2 to about 20 and X- is an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid. (11) Poly (quaternary ammonium) polymers consisting of recurring units of formula (X): CH 3 XX CH 3 N (CH 2) p NH-CO (CH 2) p - N (CH 2) 2 - O - (CH 2) 2 Wherein p denotes an integer ranging from 1 to about 6, D may be zero or may represent a group - (CH2) r - CO- wherein r denotes a number equal to 4 or 7, X- is a anion;

Such polymers may be prepared according to the processes described in US Pat. Nos. 4,157,388, 4,702,906 and 4,719,282. They are described in particular in patent application EP-A-122,324. (12) Quaternary polymers vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole. (X) (13) Polyamines such as the product referred to as "POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (15) TALLOW POLYAMINE" in the CTFA dictionary.

Other cationic polymers that may be used in the context of the invention are polyalkyleneimines, in particular polyethyleneimines, polymers containing vinylpyridine or vinylpyridinium units, condensates of polyamines and of epichlorohydrin, quaternary polyureylenes and chitin derivatives.

The amphoteric polymers that may be used in the compositions of the present invention may be chosen from polymers comprising K and M units statistically distributed in the polymer chain, where K denotes a unit derived from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and M denotes a unit derived from an acidic monomer comprising one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups, or K and M may denote groups derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or of sulphobetaines; K and M may also denote a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic group connected via a hydrocarbon radical, or K and M are part of a chain of an α, β-dicarboxylic ethylene polymer having one of the carboxylic groups reacted with a polyamine having one or more primary or secondary amine groups. Amphoteric compounds corresponding to the definition given above, which are more particularly preferred, are chosen from the following polymers:

(1) The polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic group such as, more particularly, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha-chloro acrylic acid, and of a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such as, more particularly, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylate and acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and acrylamide. Such compounds are described in US Pat. No. 3,836,537. Mention may also be made of sodium acrylate / acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer. The vinyl compound may also be a dialkyldiallylammonium salt such as dimethyldiallylammonium chloride.

(2) polymers comprising units derived from: a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen with an alkyl radical, b) with at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more carboxylic groups reagents, and c) at least one basic comonomer such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituent esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids and the quaternization product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate. The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides which are more particularly preferred according to the invention are the groups in which the alkyl radicals contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly N-ethylacrylamide, N-tert-butyl-acrylamide and N-tert-octyl-acrylamide. N-octylacrylamide, N-decylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide and the corresponding methacrylamides. The acidic comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, maleic and fumaric acids as well as alkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of maleic or fumaric acids or anhydrides. Preferred basic comonomers are aminoethyl, butylaminoethyl, N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl, N-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylates. (3) Polyamino amides crosslinked and alkylated partially or completely derived from polyamino amides of general formula: ## STR2 ## wherein R represents a divalent radical derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, a double bonded mono or dicarboxylic aliphatic acid ethylene, an ester of a lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or a radical derived from the addition of any of said acids with a primary amine bis or secondary bis, and Z designates a radical of a bis-primary, mono or bis-secondary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents: a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mol%, the radical H (CH 2) x H Jp (XII) where x = 2 and p = 2 or 3, or x = 3 and p = 2 this radical derived from diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine or dipropylene triamine; b) in the proportions of 0 to 40 mole%, the radical (XII) above, in which x = 2 and p = 1 and which is derived from ethylenediamine, or the radical derived from piperazine: / N N

c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mole%, the -NH- (CH 2) 6 -NH radical derived from hexamethylenediamine, these polyaminoamines being crosslinked by addition of a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from epihalohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides, bis unsaturated derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 mole of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyaminoamide and alkylated by the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or an alkane sultone or their salts.

The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as adipic acid, trimethyl-2,2,4-adipic acid and trimethyl-2,4,4-adipic acid, terephthalic acid, acids with ethylenic double bond such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid. The alkanesultones used in the alkylation are preferably propane or butane sultone, the salts of the alkylating agents are preferably the sodium or potassium salts.

(4) polymers having zwitterionic units of formula:

Wherein R20 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, y and z represent an integer of 1 to 3, R21. and R22 represents a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl atom, R23 and R24 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical such that the sum of the carbon atoms in R23 and R24 does not exceed 10. The polymers comprising such units may also include units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or vinyl acetate. By way of example, mention may be made of the copolymer of butyl methacrylate / dimethylcarboxymethylammonioethyl methacrylate, such as the product sold under the name DIAFORMER Z301 by the company SANDOZ. R2030 (7) Polymers having units corresponding to the general formula (XVII) such as those described, for example, in French Patent 1,400,366: R 29 (CH-CH 2) (XVII) COOH in which R 29 represents an atom of hydrogen, a radical CH3O, CH3CH2O, phenyl, R30 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, R31 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, R32 denotes a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl or a radical corresponding to the formula: -R33-N (R31) 2, R33 representing a group -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, R31 having the above mentioned meanings, as well as the higher homologues of these radicals and containing up to 6 carbon atoms, r is such that the molecular weight is between 500 and 6000000 and preferably between 1000 and 1000000. (8) Polymers amphoters of the type -DXDX- chosen from: a) polymers obtained by actio n chloracetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on compounds comprising at least one unit of formula: -D-X-D-X-D- (XVIII) where D denotes a radical / ùN N

and X denotes the symbol E or E ', E or E', which may be identical or different, denote a divalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical having up to 7 carbon atoms in the unsubstituted or group-substituted main chain. hydroxyl and may further comprise oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, 1 to 3 aromatic and / or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonium, alkylamine, alkenylamine, hydroxyl groups, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide groups, alcohol, ester and / or urethane; b) polymers of formula: -D-X-D-X- (XIX) where D denotes a radical / ùN N

and X denotes the symbol E or E 'and at least once E'; E having the meaning indicated above and E 'is a divalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or unsubstituted by one or more hydroxyl radicals and having a or a plurality of nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an optionally interrupted alkyl chain by an oxygen atom and necessarily comprising one or more carboxyl functions or one or more hydroxyl functions and betaineized by reaction with chloroacetic acid or chloroacetate of soda. (9) (C 1 -C 5) vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidation with N, N-dialkylaminoalkylamine such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semi-esterification with N, N-dialkanolamine. These copolymers may also comprise other vinylic comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam.

Among all the cationic or amphoteric polymers that may be used according to the present invention, it is particularly preferable:

(i) from cationic polymers:

the homopolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, such as the product sold under the name Merquat 100DRY by the company Merck;

copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and of acrylamide, such as the products sold under the name MERQUAT 2200 by the company Calgon;

the polymers of poly (quaternary ammonium) type prepared and described in French Patent 2,270,846, consisting of recurring units of the following formulas (W) and (U): CH 3 CH 3 (CH 2) 3 -N + -ECH 2) 6 1 CI - CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 and especially those whose molecular weight, determined by gel permeation chromatography, is between 9500 and 9900; CH3 C2H5 B (OH2) 3 -1 + B (CH2) 3] (U) 1 CH3 C2H5 and especially those whose molecular weight, determined by gel permeation chromatography, is about 1200;

polymers of the poly (quaternary ammonium) type of the family (11) and of formula (X) in which X- denotes chlorine, and especially those whose weight-average molecular mass is less than 100,000, preferably less than or equal to equal to 50,000; (W) (ii) among the amphoteric polymers: - the copolymer dimethyldiallylammonium chloride / acrylic acid (80/20) sold under the name MERQUAT 280 DRY by the company Calgon (CTFA name: POLYQUATERNIUM 22); the dimethyldiallylammonium chloride / acrylic acid (95/5) copolymer sold under the name MERQUAT 295 DRY by the company Calgon (CTFA name POLYQUATERNIUM 22); the copolymer of methacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, of acrylic acid and of ethyl acrylate, sold under the name Merquat 2001 by the company Calgon (CTFA name: POLYQUATERNIUM 47); and the acrylamide / dimethyldiallylammonium chloride / acrylic acid terpolymer, sold under the name MERQUAT PLUS 3330 DRY by the company Calgon (CTFA name: POLYQUATERNIUM 39). When they are present in the compositions according to the present invention, the cationic and / or amphoteric polymers are present in a total weight proportion of less than or equal to 20% relative to the total weight of the composition, and preferably less than or equal to 8%, better between 0.1 and 5%. By cosmetically acceptable medium is meant in the sense of the present invention, a medium compatible with keratinous fibers and in particular the hair. The appropriate medium for the compositions of the invention is a cosmetically acceptable medium generally comprises water or by mixing water and at least one organic solvent. As organic solvent, there may be mentioned for example lower alkanols C1-C4, such as ethanol and isopropanol; polyols and polyol ethers such as 2-butoxyethanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and monomethyl ether, as well as aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol, and mixtures thereof.

The solvents are preferably present in proportions of between 1 and 40% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the cosmetic composition, and even more preferably between 5 and 30% by weight approximately.

Of course, one skilled in the art will take care to choose this or these optional additional compounds in such a way that the advantageous properties intrinsically attached to the composition according to the invention are not, or not substantially, impaired by the addition or additions considered.

The cosmetic composition according to the invention may be in various forms, such as in the form of liquids, creams, gels, or in any other form suitable for dyeing keratinous fibers, and in particular human hair. The cosmetic composition according to the invention may further comprise one or more oxidation dye precursors and / or one or more direct dyes. When the cosmetic composition according to the invention comprises one or more precursors of oxidation dyes and / or one or more direct dyes, then said composition is a coloring composition. When the dye composition comprises, as a dye, one or more oxidation dye precursors optionally combined with one or more couplers, then said composition is an oxidation dye composition.

By way of example, the oxidation dye precursors are chosen from para-phenylenediamines, bisphenylalkylenediamines, para-aminophenols, ortho-aminophenols and heterocyclic bases and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent.

Among the para-phenylenediamines, para-phenylenediamine, paratoluylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine and 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine may be mentioned by way of example; 2,5-dimethyl paraphenylene diamine, N, N-dimethyl para-phenylenediamine, N, N-diethyl paraphenylenediamine, N, N-dipropyl paraphenylenediamine, 4-amino N, N-diethyl 3-methyl aniline, N, N-bis - ((3-hydroxyethyl) para-phenylenediamine, 4-N, N-bis - ((3-hydroxyethyl) amino-2-methylaniline, 4-N, N-bis- ( (3-hydroxyethyl) amino-2-chloroaniline, 2-R-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, N- (P-hydroxy-propyl) para-phenylenediamine, 2-hydroxy-methyl-para-phenylenediamine N, N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine, N, N- (ethyl, R-hydroxyethyl) paraphenylene diamine, N - ((3-y-dihydroxypropyl) paraphenylenediamine, N- (4'-aminophenyl) paraphenylenediamine, N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-P-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, 2-P-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylene diamine, N-phenylenediamine; (P-methoxyethyl) paraphenylenediamine and 4'-aminophenyl 1- (3hydroxy) pyrrolidine, and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent. Of the para-phenylenediamines mentioned above, paraphenylenediamine, paratoluylenediamine, 2-isopropyl paraphenylenediamine, 2- (3-hydroxyethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2-p-hydroxyethyloxy paraphenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl paraphenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl paraphenylene diamine, 2,3-dimethyl paraphenylenediamine, N, N-bis - ((3-hydroxyethyl) paraphenylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylene diamine, 2- (3-acetylaminoethyloxy) paraphenylene diamine, and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent Among the bis-phenylalkylenediamines, N, N'-bis ((3-hydroxyethyl) N, N'-bis may be mentioned more particularly by way of example - (4'-aminophenyl) 1,3-diamino propanol, N, N'-bis - ((3-hydroxyethyl) N, N'-bis- (4'-aminophenyl) ethylenediamine, N, N'-bis; - (4-Aminophenyl) tetramethylenediamine, N, N'-bis- (P-hydroxyethyl) N, N'-bis (4-aminophenyl) tetramethylenediamine N, N'-bis- (4-methylaminophenyl) tetramethylene diamine, N, N'-bis- (ethyl) N, N'-bis- (4'-amino, 3'-methylphenyl) ethylene-diamine 1,8-bis- (2,5-diamino phenoxy) -3,5-dioxaoctane, and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent. Among the para-aminophenols, para-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-phenol, 4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol, 4-amino-2 - ((3-hydroxyethylaminomethyl) phenol, 4-amino-2-fluoro phenol, and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent.

Among the ortho-aminophenols, 2-amino phenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol, 2-amino-6-methylphenol and 5-acetamido-2-amino phenol may be mentioned by way of example, and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent. Among the heterocyclic bases, there may be mentioned more particularly by way of example, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives and pyrazole derivatives and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent. Of particular note are 1-13-hydroxyethyl-4,5-diaminopyrazole and its salts. When used, the oxidation dye precursor or precursors preferably represent from 0.005 to 15% by weight, and even more preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. If the dyeing composition according to the invention contains at least one oxidation dye precursor, said composition preferably contains one or more couplers conventionally used for dyeing keratinous fibers. Among these couplers, there may be mentioned meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols and heterocyclic couplers and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent.

These couplers are more particularly chosen from 2-methyl-5-amino phenol, 5-N - ((3-hydroxyethyl) amino 2-methyl phenol, 3-amino phenol, 1,3-dihydroxy benzene, 1, 3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2,4-diamino-1- (3-hydroxyethyloxy) benzene, 2-amino-4 - ((3-hydroxyethylamino) -methoxybenzene , 1,3-diamino benzene, 1,3-bis- (2,4-diaminophenoxy) propane, sesamol, α-naphthol, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy N-methylindole, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine, 1-H-3-methylpyrazole-5-one, 1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazole-5-one, 2,6 dimethyl pyrazolo [1,5-b] -1,2,4-triazole, 2,6-dimethyl [3,2-c] -1,2,4-triazole, 6-methyl pyrazolo [1.5] -a] -benzimidazole, and their addition salts with an acid or with an alkaline agent When present, the coupler or couplers preferably represent from 0.001 to 15% by weight, and even more preferably t from 0.05 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. In general, the addition salts of the oxidation bases and couplers that can be used in the context of the invention are chosen especially from acid addition salts such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, citrates, succinates, tartrates, tosylates, benzenesulfonates, phosphates and acetates and addition salts with a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, amines or alkanolamines. When the coloring composition does not comprise oxidation dye precursors but only direct dyes, then said composition is a direct dyeing composition. The direct dye (s) that can be used in the dyeing composition may be chosen from neutral, acidic or cationic nitro dyes of the benzene series, neutral azo direct dyes, acid dyes or cationic dyes, quinone direct dyes and in particular neutral, acidic or neutral anthraquinone dyes. cationic dyes, azine direct dyes, triarylmethane direct dyes, direct indoamine dyes and natural direct dyes, alone or as a mixture. Among the nitrobenzene direct dyes that may be used according to the invention, the following compounds may be mentioned in a nonlimiting manner: 1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2-nitro-4-13-hydroxyethylaminobenzene-1 2-amino-nitro-4-bis ((3-hydroxyethyl) -aminobenzene-1,4-bis (3-hydroxyethylamino) -2-nitrobenzene -1-B-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-bis - ((3- hydroxyethylamino) -1-13-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-aminobenzene -1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4- (ethyl) (B-hydroxyethyl) -aminobenzene -1-amino-3-methyl 4- (3-Hydroxyethylamino-6-nitrobenzene -1-amino-2-nitro-4- (3-hydroxyethylamino) -5-chlorobenzene -1,2-Diamino-4-nitrobenzene-1-amino-2- (3- hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-bis ((3-hydroxyethylamino) -4-nitrobenzene -1-amino-2-tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamino-5-nitrobenzene -1-hydroxy-2-amino-5 1-Hydroxy-2-amino-4-nitrobenzene -1-Hydroxy-3-nitro-4-aminobenzene -1- (3-hydroxyethyloxy-2- (3-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene) -Nitrobenzene -1-Methoxy-2- (3-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene) -1- (3-hydroxyethyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene-1- (3-yl) dihydroxypropyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene -1 - (3-hydroxyethylamino-4- (3-yl) dihydroxypropyloxy-2-nitrobenzene -1- (3-yl) dihydroxypropylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenzene -1- (3-hydroxyethylamino) -4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenzene -1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzene -1- (3-aminoethylamino) -5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene -1-hydroxy-2-chloro-6-ethylamino-4-nitrobenzene -1-hydroxy 2-chloro-6-amino-4-nitrobenzene -1-hydroxy-6-bis ((3-hydroxyethyl) -amino-3-nitrobenzene -1- (3-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitrobenzene -1-hydroxy-4 - (3-hydroxyethylamino-3-nitrobenzene. Among the azo direct dyes that may be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the cationic azo dyes described in patent applications WO 95/15144, WO 95/01772, EP 714954, FR 2 822 696, FR 2 825 702 and FR 2 825 625. , FR 2 822 698, FR 2 822 693, FR 2 822 694, FR 2 829 926, FR 2 807 652, WO 02/078660, WO 02/100834, WO 02/100369 and FR 2 844 269, the contents of which form part integral of the invention. Among these compounds, the following dyes may be mentioned in particular: 1,3-dimethyl-2 - [[4- (dimethylamino) phenyl] azo] -1H-imidazolium chloride, - 1,3-dimethyl-2- [ (4-Aminophenyl) azo] -1H-Imidazolium, 1-methyl-4 - [(methylphenylhydrazono) methyl] -pyridinium methylsulfate. The following dyes, described in the COLOR INDEX INTERNATIONAL 3rd edition, may also be mentioned among the azo direct dyes: - Acid Yellow 9 - Acid Black 1 - Basic Red 22 - Basic Red 76 - Basic Yellow 57 - Basic Brown 16 - Acid Yellow 36 - Acid Orange 7 - Acid Red 33 - Acid Red 35 - Basic Brown 17 - Acid Yellow 23 - Acid Orange 24. Mention may also be made of 1- (4'-aminodiphenylazo) -2-methyl-4bis - ((3 hydroxyethyl-aminobenzene and 4-hydroxy-3- (2-methoxyphenylazo) -1-naphthalenesulfonic acid Among the quinone direct dyes, the following dyes may be mentioned: Acid Violet 43 - Acid Blue 62 - Basic Blue 22 - Basic Blue 99 and the following compounds: -1-N-methylmorpholiniumpropylamino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone -1-Aminopropylamino-4-methylaminoanthraquinone -1-Aminopropylaminoanthraquinone -5- (3-hydroxyethyl-1,4-diaminoanthraquinone -2-aminoethylaminoanthraquinone -1,4-Bis - ((3, y-dihydroxypropylamino) anthraquinone. The following compounds may be mentioned: - Basic Blue 17 - Basic Red 2. Among the triarylmethane dyes that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the following compounds: - Basic Green 1 - Acid Blue 9 - Basic Violet 3 - Basic Purple 14 - Basic Blue 7 - Acid Violet 49 - Basic Blue 26 - Acid Blue 7 Among the indoamine dyes that may be used according to the invention, there may be mentioned the following compound: -2- (3-hydroxyethlyamino-5- [bis - (( 3-4'-hydroxyethylamino] anilino-1,4-benzoquinone Among the natural direct dyes that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made of carminic acid, kermesic acid, purpurogalline, protocatechaldehyde, isatin and the like. curcumin, spinulosin, apigenidine. It is also possible to use the extracts or decoctions containing these natural dyes, and in particular poultices or extracts based on henna. The direct dye (s) preferably represent from 0.001 to 20% by weight approximately of the total weight of the dyeing composition, and still more preferably from 0.005 to 10% by weight approximately. According to a particular embodiment, the composition of the invention comprises an oxidizing agent as defined above. The staining or bleaching composition may be in various forms, such as in the form of liquids, creams, gels, or in any other form suitable for dyeing or bleaching keratinous fibers, and in particular human hair. . The present invention also relates to a process for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers such as the hair, comprising applying to said fibers the coloring composition as defined above comprising, as dye, one or more a plurality of oxidation dye precursors, optionally combined with one or more couplers, and / or one or more direct dyes and one or more oxidizing agents for a time sufficient to develop the desired coloration. After a laying time of 5 minutes to 1 hour, preferably from 15 minutes to 1 hour, the keratinous fibers are rinsed, washed with shampoo, rinsed again and then dried.

The oxidizing agent may be added to the coloring composition just at the time of use, or it may be carried out from an oxidizing composition containing it, applied simultaneously or sequentially to the coloring composition. According to one embodiment, the present invention also relates to a process for the direct dyeing of keratin fibers, in particular human keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising applying to said fibers a coloring composition as defined above comprising, as dye (s), one or more direct dyes, and one or more oxidizing agents for a time sufficient to achieve the desired lightening. By decolorization is meant in the sense of the present invention total or partial destruction of the natural pigments present in the keratinous fibers (in particular eumelanines and phaeomelanins). The present invention also relates to a process for bleaching human keratinous fibers and in particular the hair comprising applying to said fibers a composition comprising one or more polylysines, one or more additional alkaline agents chosen from alkali metal or alkaline carbonates. -terrous, carbamates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogencarbonates and mixtures thereof and one or more oxidizing agents; let it act for a sufficient exposure time to obtain the desired discoloration; to eliminate the composition by rinsing with water, followed by washing with a shampoo, then possibly drying. The exposure time varies between 5 minutes and 1 hour, more preferably between 15 minutes and about 1 hour. Another object of the invention is a multi-compartment device for dyeing or for bleaching keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers. A first compartment contains a composition comprising one or more polylysines and one or more additional alkaline agents selected from alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali or alkaline earth metal carbamates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogencarbonates and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more precursors of oxidation dyes and / or one or more direct dyes, and a second compartment containing an oxidizing composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents.

The following example illustrates the invention without being limiting in nature. EXAMPLES 1. Examples of coloring compositions in cream form: Quantities (g%) Al A2 A3 A4 A5 Lauric acid 3 3 3 3 3 Glycol distearate 2 2 2 2 2 Cetyl stearyl alcohol (C16 / C18 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 50/50) Mixture of oleocetyl alcohol 21 21 21 21 21 oxyethylenated (300E), oxyethylenated lauryl alcohol (12OE) and oxyethylenated decyl alcohol (3OE) Oleic alcohol 1,8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Carbomer 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Silica 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Propylene glycol 10 10 10 10 Hexadimethrin chloride in solution 3 3 3 3 3 60% aqueous POLYQUATERNIUM-22 3 3 3 3 3 DTPA IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1, 5 40% Sodium metabisulfite 0 , 71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 Citric acid 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Erithorbic acid 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 MEA / 1.2 / 1.2 / ARGININE sold by the Company 3.43 / 3.43 / 3.43 AJINOMOTO POLYLYSINE in aqueous solution at 1.5 3 0.5 1 2 25% sold by the company Chisso Coorporation Magnesium carbonate 2/1 1 1.5 Carbonate potassium / 1 / 0.5 / Sodium bicarbonate / 1 1 0.5 2 1,4-diaminobenzene / 0.51 / 0.3 1 1-hydroxy-4-methylamino-benzene / 0.085 / 0.063 0.16 hemisulfate 1,3-dihydroxybenzene / 0.38 / 0.24 0.75 1-hydroxy-3-amino-benzene / 0.11 / 0.08 0.21 1-beta- / 0.025 / 0.005-hydroxy-2-hydroxyethyloxy dihydrochloride 4-diamino-benzene 1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4-beta- / 0.25 / 0.097 0.49 hydroxyethylamino-benzene 1-hydroxy-4-amino-benzene 0.545 0.23 0.545 0.17 0, 44 1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4-amino-benzene 0.615 0.05 0.615 0.057 0.1 Perfume 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 WATER DESIONIZED Qs100 Qs100 Qs100 Qs100 Qs100 Al coloring compositions , A2, A3, A4 and A5 are mixed, at the time of use, in a plastic bowl and for 2 minutes, at an aqueous oxidizing composition at 6% hydrogen peroxide at pH 2.3, 1 part by weight of dye composition for 1.5 parts by weight of oxidizing composition. The mixtures obtained were applied to locks of natural hair containing 90% of whites and left to stand for 30 minutes. The locks were then rinsed with water, washed with standard shampoo, rinsed again with water, and then dried and disentangled.

The hair was dyed in red coppery shades for the Al and A3 compositions. In addition, the hair is not rough. The hair was dyed in mahogany, mahogany red hues powerful for the compositions A2, A4 and A5. In addition, the hair is not rough. 2. Example of a coloring composition in the form of cream. Quantities (g%) A'7 Oleoic alcohol 8 Mixture of oxyethylenated 2 (30 OE) oleocetyl alcohol, oxyethylenated lauric alcohol (12OE) and oxyethylenated decyl alcohol (5OE) and oxyethylenated decyl alcohol (3OE) DTPA in solution aqueous 40% 1.5 Erithorbic acid 0.3 Polylysine 25% aqueous solution 2 sold by the company Chisso Corporation Magnesium carbonate 3 1-hydroxy-4-amino-benzene 0.545 1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4- amino-benzene 0.615 Perfume 0.4 Deionized water Qs 100 The coloring composition A'7 is mixed, at the time of use, in a plastic bowl and for 2 minutes with an aqueous oxidizing composition with 6% oxygenated water, at a rate of 1 part by weight of coloring composition for 1.5 parts by weight of oxidizing composition. The resulting mixture was applied to strands of natural hair at 90% white and allowed to pause for 30 minutes. The locks were then rinsed with water, washed with standard shampoo, rinsed again with water, and then dried and disentangled. The hair was dyed in a red coppery shade. In addition, the hair is not rough.15

Claims (21)

1. Cosmetic composition for the treatment of keratin fibers, comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, one or more polylysines and one or more additional alkaline agents chosen from alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline carbamates. earthy, alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrogencarbonates and mixtures thereof. 2.Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the polylysine or polylysines is present in a content ranging from 0.01 to 5% by weight, and preferably from 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, polylysine, relative to the total weight of the composition. 3. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alkali or alkaline earth metals are chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and barium. 4.Composition according to any one of the claims, characterized in that the alkaline agent (s) are chosen from sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate and potassium hydrogencarbonate. 5.Composition according to any one of the claims, characterized in that the additional alkaline agent (s) are present in the composition according to the invention at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 15% by weight, and preferably from 0, 5 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 6.Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises one or more amino acids. 7.Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the amino acid is selected from arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine. 8.Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is free of alkaline agents selected from nonvolatile organic amines, ammonium salts and / or ammonia. 9.Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more oxidation dye precursors and / or one or more direct dyes. 10. Composition according to claim 9, characterized in that the oxidation dye precursor is chosen from para-phenylenediamines, bis-phenylalkylenediamines, paraaminophenols, ortho-aminophenols, heterocyclic bases and their addition salts. . 11. Composition according to one of Claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises one or more couplers chosen from meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, naphthalenic couplers, heterocyclic couplers and their salts. 'addition. 12. Composition according to claim 11, characterized in that the coupler is chosen from 1,3-dihydroxy benzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl benzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxy benzene, 2, 4-diamino 1- (1,3-hydroxyethyloxy) benzene, 2-amino 4- (13-hydroxyethylamino) -1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diamino benzene, 1,3-bis (2,4-diaminophenoxy) propane , 3-ureido aniline, 3-ureido-dimethylamino benzene, sesamol, 1-13-hydroxyethylamino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, α-naphthol, 2-methyl-1-naphthol, 6-hydroxy indole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy N-methylindole, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 6-hydroxybenzomorpholine, 3,5-diamino-2,6-dimethoxypyridine, 1-N- (13-hydroxyethyl) amino-3,4-methylene dioxybenzene, 2,6-bis- (13-hydroxyethylamino) toluene and their addition salts. 13. Composition according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the coupler or couplers are present in an amount between 0.001 and 20%, preferably between 0.005 and 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 14. Composition according to Claim 9, characterized in that the direct dye is chosen from neutral, acidic or cationic nitro dyes of the benzene series, neutral azo direct dyes, acid dyes or cationic dyes, neutral quinone direct dyes and in particular neutral anthraquinone dyes. acidic or cationic, direct azine dyes, triarylmethane direct dyes, indoamine direct dyes and natural direct dyes. 15. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 comprising at least one oxidizing agent. 16. Composition according to claim 15, characterized in that the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide. 17. A process for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, comprising the application to said fibers of the dye composition as defined according to any one of claims 9 to 14 and one or more oxidizing agents for a time sufficient to develop the coloration. desired. 18. A method for direct lightening of keratin fibers comprising applying to said fibers the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14 comprising one or more direct dyes, and one or more oxidizing agents for a sufficient time. to obtain the desired lightening. 19. A process for bleaching keratinous fibers comprising applying to said fibers the composition as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and comprising one or more oxidizing agents as defined according to claim 15 or 16, during a sufficient time to achieve the desired discoloration. 20. Multi-compartment device for dyeing keratinous fibers comprising a first compartment containing a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14, and a second compartment containing an oxidizing composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents. 21. A multi-compartment device for the bleaching of keratinous fibers comprising a first compartment containing a composition comprising one or more polylysines and one or more additional alkaline agents chosen from alkali or alkaline-earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline carbamates -terreux, the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrogénocarbonates and mixtures thereof, and a second compartment containing an oxidizing composition comprising one or more oxidizing agents.