FR2918512A1 - Rotating electric machine e.g. alternator-starter, for motor vehicle, has winding strings with predetermined interchangeable connector links placed between connection points according to electric voltage under which machine functions - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine has a stator provided with windings forming four magnetic poles. The windings are arranged in four winding strings (1). The strings are connected between them by two winding paths (VI, V2) and are equipped with predetermined interchangeable connector links placed between connection points (92, 95) according to an electric voltage under which the machine functions. The links have conductors constituted of electrically conducting lines carried by a connector support made of electrically insulating material.

Description

1 rotary electric machine shaped to be able to operate under

  minus two different electrical voltages.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

  The present invention relates to a rotary electrical machine intended to operate in electrical networks powered by one or the other of two or even three different electrical voltages, for example in vehicle electrical systems at 12 V, at 24 V or at 48 V.

  STATE OF THE ART As is known, a rotating electrical machine comprises a casing or casing carrying at least one stator surrounding a rotor integral with a shaft. The development of rotating electrical machines requires more and more material and financial efforts, if only because of the increase in nominal power required, the compactness required and the growing diversity in operation of these machines. motor vehicles, so environments they are intended. One of these modes of operation relates to the electrical voltage of the onboard network in both the modes and models of which the other rotating electrical machine must operate. said, the diversity of rotating electrical machines is further increased by the diversity of rotating electrical electrical voltages Another of those for which machines must be developed. Operating modes refers to the kind of electric machine, ie motor or generator. Indeed, the rotating electrical machines can be designed both as an electric power generator and as an electric motor and

  2 has long been pursuing the idea of designing rotating electrical machines that can serve both as a power generator and as an electric motor. A field of application for such rotating electrical machines, called alternator / starter, is in the field of motor vehicles. A motor vehicle is traditionally equipped with a first rotary electrical machine, called a starter, functioning as an electric motor and serving as a starter of the engine of the vehicle, and a second rotating electrical machine with inductive rotor and induced stator, called alternator, designed as a generator of electrical power driven by the engine and used to produce the electric current necessary for the operation of various accessories or consumers and recharge the vehicle battery. While the first machine is usually intended to mesh, via a pinion launcher, with a start ring connected to the engine, the second is usually connected to the heat engine pulley transmission and at least one belt. When the two functions, namely electric motor and current generator, are assembled in the same rotary electrical machine then called an alternator, it can be connected to the heat engine by a pulley transmission and at least one belt, for example a transmission with toothed wheels and at least one chain, by a gear transmission or by mounting the rotating electrical machine on a steering wheel or a plate connected to the crankshaft of the engine. If the electric machine is connected to the crankshaft, the constraint concerning the dimensions of the machine, in particular its axial and / or radial dimensions, takes on a particularly great importance. The machine can also be an inverted current generator, that is to say to stator inductor and rotor

  3 induced. This inverted generator is intended for example to supply electrically coils belonging to a rotor of an electromagnetic retarder, described for example in EP 0 331 559 to which reference will be made. In a variant, this inverted-current generator is intended to supply electrically at least one excitation coil of an inductor rotor surrounded by a stator induced by an alternator, then without brushes.

  Finally and independently of the question of whether two separate machines or a combined machine are used in a motor vehicle, to achieve the two functions of engine and generator, the greater the diversity of the rotating electrical machines, the greater the logistics becomes. complex and less it is easy to develop and manufacture such machines at competitive prices.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

  The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks indicated above.

  The object of the invention is achieved with a rotating electrical machine comprising at least one stator provided with coils forming an integer multiple of at least four magnetic poles and shaped to be able to operate under at least two different electrical voltages.

  For this purpose, the electrical machine of the invention comprises a particular arrangement of the coils which allows, from a single arrangement and by the only choice of connections to these coils, to determine the rated electrical voltage of the machine.

  The arrangement of the coils according to the invention is obtained by carrying out a winding in four coils of coils, or in an integer multiple of four coils of coils, constituting North and South poles, the coils of coils being interconnected. in two winding channels and provided with interchangeable predetermined connection links arranged between connection points according to the electrical voltage under which the electrical machine is to operate.

  Thanks to these provisions of the invention, it is possible, by using connection connectors, for example in the form of connection plates, specifically arranged according to the arrangement of the coils and the nominal voltage to be obtained, to develop a single electrical machine. rotating, meeting predetermined dimensional and power criteria, and prepare it in the final manufacturing stage for operation at a specific voltage instead of having to develop several machines each of which is developed for a different voltage. The connection connector is advantageously provided with a clearance to avoid any interference with the rotor associated with the stator according to the invention.

  Thus in one embodiment the connection plate is centrally rolled. The connection connector provides both the electrical connection between the different coil strings and the electrical connection of the two-terminal strings to the specific electrical voltage. Alternatively it is possible to design the electric machine so that the user thereof, for example a motor vehicle manufacturer or a garage, can insert, mount or change itself the connector, such as a plate of connection. Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description of an embodiment of the arrangement of the invention, this illustrative and in no way limiting description being made with reference to the drawings.

5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

  FIGS. 1 and 2 show the schematic diagram of the connection according to a first embodiment of the invention with four coils of coils for obtaining two different nominal electrical voltages; FIG. 3 represents a connection diagram according to a second embodiment of FIG. embodiment with eight strings to obtain three different nominal electrical voltages, - Figures 4 to 6 show three different windings for a machine according to the invention comprising twenty-four magnetic poles, Figures 7 to 12 schematically represent six connection connectors, under the form of connection plate, for a machine according to the invention respectively for the three windings of Figures 4 to 6 and two different electrical voltages; FIG. 13 is a partial perspective view of the stator body of the rotating electrical machine equipped with a coil; - Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 13 for yet another embodiment of the invention; - Figure 15 is a perspective view, with local cutaway, identical to Figure 2 of EP 0 331 559, with dashed representation of an interchangeable connecting plate; Figure 16 is a perspective view of a brushless alternator and reverse current generator for yet another embodiment of the invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION In the embodiments described, the same or similar elements will be assigned the same reference signs. In these embodiments, the rotating electrical machine is shaped to be able to operate under at least two different electrical voltages. and generally comprises a casing or casing carrying at least one stator surrounding a rotor. As can be seen in FIG. 13, the stator 50 is provided with a body 150, for example in the form of a packet of 15 sheets to reduce the eddy currents. In a variant, the body, preferably made of ferromagnetic material, is solid and has surface ridges to reduce eddy currents. This body 150 carries a coil. More specifically, the body comprises teeth 61 separated from each other by notches 60 having a bottom 64. Coils are wound around the teeth and thus have ends, called bunches, extending axially on either side of the body. For simplicity, FIG. 13 shows only a single coil 65 with ends 66, 67 of axial orientation. Each coil 65 has a number of turns 68 wound in this figure 13 around each tooth. When the coils are traversed by an electric current it is formed a magnetic pole at each tooth, each coil thus belonging to a magnetic pole. The stator winding comprises at least four coil strings for forming magnetic poles.

  The solution proposed by the invention consists in designing the rotating electrical machine so as to keep the same magnetic structure and the same winding by magnetic pole, as well as to ensure flexibility by modifying the number of winding channels. The principle of the present invention is explained below with the aid of the diagrams shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. According to these diagrams, the stator of a rotating electrical machine comprises four strings 1 of coils, each coil belonging to a north magnetic pole or a south magnetic pole according to any one of the configurations described below with reference to Figures 4 to 6 in which the teeth 61 of the stator body are shown in lines. In these embodiments, the stator body contains 24 teeth and therefore 24 alternating north-south magnetic poles. The four strings 1, each of which is formed for example by six coils 65, are arranged and interconnected so as to form two winding channels V1, V2 each comprising, in this first embodiment, two strings 1 connected together. serial. When the two winding channels V1, V2 are connected to one another by their corresponding ends 90, 91 forming connection points, as shown in FIG. 1, a rotating electrical machine is obtained whose voltage nominal B is for example 24V. The two connection terminals to which this voltage is applied, when the electric machine is an electric motor or an inverted current generator for electrically supplying at least one coil of a rotor, or to which the nominal voltage B is available, when the electric machine is a generator, are referenced B + and B-, the potential difference B between these two terminals being in this embodiment of 24V.

  These terminals B-, B + are electrically connected or connected to the ends respectively 91, 90. When it is desired to prepare this same rotary electrical machine, in which four strings 1 of coils are therefore arranged in two winding channels V1, V2. for operation at a nominal voltage B 'equal to 1/2 of the nominal voltage B of FIG. 1, the ends 90, 91 of the two winding channels V1, V2 are electrically connected to one another at a connection point 92 , as shown in FIG. 2, and the links 93, 94 are electrically connected to one another at a connection point 95. These links 93, 94 form connection points between the two strings 1 of each winding channel 15. The terminals B '+ and B'- are connected or electrically connected respectively to the points 92 and 95. This arrangement is electrically a paralleling of all four strings 1. Thus, in the embodiment of the invention, a voltage is obtained. B 'equal to 12V; the connection terminals B- and B'- for example being grounded. Similarly, the stator winding of a rotating electrical machine can be arranged so that it can have three different nominal voltages, namely B, 1/2 B and 1/4 B. To achieve this, each of the winding channels V3, V4 must have four rows 1 of coils interconnected in series. When the two winding channels V3, V4 are electrically connected (dashed lines) to each other by their corresponding ends 190, 191, as shown in FIG. 3, a rotating electrical machine is obtained from which the nominal voltage is B, for example 48 V. The two connection terminals to which this voltage is applied when the electric machine is an electric motor or a current generator

  9 inverted supplying at least one coil of a rotor, or to which the nominal voltage is available, when the electrical machine is a generator, are referenced 0 V and 48 V.

  These 0 V, 48 V terminals are connected or electrically connected to the ends 190, 191 respectively, which constitute connection points. When one wants to prepare the same rotating electrical machine, in which eight rows 1 of coils are therefore arranged in two winding channels V3, V4, for operation at a nominal voltage 1/2 B, here 24 V, electrically connects one of the ends of the two winding channels to each other at the connection point 190, here at 0 V, as shown in FIG. 3, and the links between the two central strings 1 of each winding channel are connected electrically between they are at a connection point 192, which is here at the potential of 1/2 B referenced 24 V. This arrangement is electrically a parallelization of four suites of two strings 1. When one wants to prepare the same rotating electrical machine, in which eight coils 1 of coils are therefore arranged in two winding channels V3, V4, for operation at a nominal voltage 1/4 B, ie here 12 V, one electrically connected one end of the two v geois winding together at the connection point 190, here at 0 V, as shown in Figure 3, is connected electrically the links between the two first strings 1 of each winding channel V3, V4 between them (big broken lines ) at a connection point 193 (large connection point), the links between the two last strings 1 of each winding channel V3, V4 are electrically connected to each other (large broken lines) at a connection point 194 (big point) connection), and the connection points 193, 194 are connected electrically to each other at a point of

  Connection 195 whose voltage is 1/4 B referenced 12 V. This arrangement is electrically a parallel of all eight rosaries 1.

  With regard to the arrangement of the strings 1 of coils on the body of a stator of a rotary electric machine according to the invention, FIGS. 4 to 6 represent three embodiments for the case of a twenty-four machine. North-South and double voltage magnetic poles, where the upper voltage of the two voltages is twice the lower voltage, for example 12 V and 24 V. In these figures, the turns 68 of each coil have not been represented by simplicity. According to the first embodiment of Figure 4, the winding is performed in four strings of six coils 65, shown schematically without their turns, alternately belonging to a magnetic pole North and a magnetic pole South. Note the winding direction of the coils, this changing direction of notch 60 notch 60. To obtain a nominal voltage of 12 V or, expressed in a general way, the lower voltage of the two possible voltages, it is necessary to connect electrically all the starts of the string P1, P2, P3, P4 at a first terminal, called the + terminal, and all the ends of the string M1, M2, M3, M4 at a second terminal, said terminal -, and thus electrically obtain four parts winding. In 24 V or, expressed in a general way, to obtain as nominal electrical voltage the upper voltage of the two possible voltages, it is necessary to put in series the first two strings and put in series the two second strings, that is to say say connect the beginning P2 of the second strand to the end M1 of the first strand and the beginning P4 of the last strand to the end M3 of the third strand and then connect the beginnings P1, P3 of the first and third strings to a first terminal,

  11 said positive + terminal, and the ends M2, M4 of the second and fourth strings to a second terminal, said negative terminal, and thus electrically obtain two winding parts.

  This arrangement allows the realization of the winding of the stator in four interchangeable pre-wound parts.

  To reduce the length of the electric buses necessary to obtain the four or two winding channels of FIG. 4, according to the second embodiment of FIG. 5, the winding is carried out in four rows of six coils belonging solely to magnetic poles. North or South poles spaced four notches notch. This arrangement makes it possible to group the outputs to be connected to 90. According to the third embodiment of FIG. 6, the winding is carried out in four strings of six coils belonging solely to North magnetic poles or to South poles spaced apart by two notch pitches. This arrangement makes it possible to better group the outputs to be connected on a diametrical pitch. It also allows the realization of the stator in two semi-stators prebobinated and interchangeable.

  For each of the second and third embodiments, the 12 V and 24 V connection is as follows: In 12 V, the start of the P1, P2, P3, P4 ring must be electrically connected to a first terminal, called a terminal + positive, and the ends of the chain M1, M2, M3, M4 to a second terminal, said terminal - negative, and thus obtain four winding parts. And in 24 V, it is necessary to electrically connect the beginning P2 of the second chaplet to the end M1 of the first

  12 Rosary for the serialization of the first two rosaries, and the beginning P4 of the last Rosary at the end M3 of the third Rosary for the series setting of the last two rosaries, and then connect the beginnings P1, P3 of the first and third rosaries to a first terminal, said positive + terminal, and the ends M2, M4 of the second and fourth strings to a second terminal, said terminal - negative, and thus electrically obtain two winding parts.

  The points P1 to P4 and M1 to M4 are therefore in all cases points of connection to a connection connector, for example to an interchangeable connection plate according to the operating voltages. These points P1 to P4 and M1 to M4 extend in these embodiments projecting axially from one of the axial ends of the body 150 of the stator 50 to connect to a connecting plate extending transversely to the axis of the stator body.

  Thus, FIGS. 7 to 12 show for each of the three windings of FIGS. 4 to 6 and for each of the two voltages provided, the configuration of a connection connector, here in the form of a connection plate, ensuring both the connection between the different strings of coils and the electrical connection of the strings to the two terminals to which the nominal operating voltage is applied, when the machine is an electric motor or an inverted current generator supplying electrically at least one coil of a rotor, or in the case of a combined electric motor / generator machine, when operating as a motor, or where the nominal voltage is available, when the electric machine is a generator or, in the case of a combination machine, operates in generator.

  The connection points between the strings being referenced in the same manner as in FIGS. 4 to 6.

  Thus, in the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, the starts P1, P2, P3, P4, the ends M1, M2, M3, M4 of the strings and the terminals B'-, B '+ and B-, B +, respectively, are positioned in the same way with respect to a connection connector here in the form of a connecting plate respectively 100, 101, transverse orientation. The beginnings P1, P2, P3, P4 and the ends M1, M2, M3, M4 of the strings here extend axially, that is to say perpendicularly to the plane of FIGS. 7 and 8, whereas the terminals B'- , B '+ and B-, B + extend radially.

  It is the same for each embodiment of Figures 9 to 12, the connecting plates being referenced 200 in Figure 9, 201 in Figure 10, 600 in Figure 11 and 601 in Figure 12.

  With regard to the various positions of the beginnings, the ends and the limits one will refer to these figures 7 to 12.

  Each connection plate comprises a support plate here made of electrically insulating material. The connecting plates are in the embodiments of Figures 7 to 12 of insulating plastic material and carry electrically conductive traces, for example copper or aluminum. In these embodiments, these traces are embedded in the plastics material and stripped at the beginning P1, P2, P3, P4 of the strings, the ends M1, M2, M3, M4 of the strings and of the two terminals B'-, B, respectively. '+ and B-, B +, to make the electrical connections with said beginnings and ends and the electrical connection with the two said terminals.

  These connections and connections are made for example by welding, brazing, bonding or mechanical assembly, such as crimping.

  For example, the beginnings and / or ends of the strings pass through the connection plate and are welded to the trace in question. This trace may be locally provided with tabs for crimping connection with the beginnings and / or the ends concerned rosaries.

  In these figures, as mentioned above, the two terminals B'- and B '+ are intended to be connected to a first voltage source, for example 12V, and the two terminals B-, B + to a second higher voltage source. for example 24V. The terminals B'- and B-, said negative terminals, are for example connected to ground and the two other terminals B +, B '+, called positive terminals, to the positive terminal of a battery.

  In FIG. 7, the plate 100 carries a first trace 30, referred to as a positive trace, electrically connected to the terminal B '+ and a second trace 31, referred to as a negative trace, electrically connected to the terminal B'-, which passes locally on electrical insulation. in the positive trace 30. In the other figures there are also first and second traces electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal 30 concerned. These traces will also be called positive trace and negative trace.

  The traces 30 and 31 of FIG. 7 have an annular shape, the trace 30 surrounding the trace 31.

  The beginnings P1, P2, P3, P4 are electrically connected to the positive trace 30 and the ends M1, M2, M3, M4 to the negative trace 31.

  In FIG. 8 the plate 101 bears a positive trace 300, a negative trace 310 and two connection traces 70, 71 for electrically connecting respectively the beginning P2 to the end M1 and the beginning P4 to the end M3.

  The beginnings P1 and P3 are electrically connected to the positive trace 300 and the ends M2, M4 to the negative trace 310. These traces 300, 310 are implanted globally on the same average diameter and generally extend over 180 in shape. tortuous at their free end.

  The traces 30, 31 of FIG. 7 and 300, 310 of FIG. 8 constitute long electrical connection buses. The plates 100 and 101 are holed centrally to avoid interference with the rotor associated with the stator according to the invention. These plates 100, 101 have a generally annular shape.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 9 to 10, the length of the electrical connection buses, i.e., traces, has been reduced and all the starts, ends, and the two terminals together have been set to 90 so that the plates 200, 201 have a simpler shape and are of less space.

  In FIG. 9, the positive trace 40, electrically connected to the starts P1 to P4 of the strings, and the negative trace 41, electrically connected to the ends M1 to M4 of the strings, have a simple shape and are short. The traces 40, 41 and the plate 200 are in the form of annular sector.

  In FIG. 10 the positive traces 400, negative 410 and the electrical connection traces 170, 171 generally have a U shape of short circumferential length.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12, the positions of the sets M3, M4, P1, P2-M1, M2, P1, P2 are generally diametrically opposed. Thus, with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 7, the positive and negative traces 51 and circumferential length of circumferential length 51, which extend globally circumferentially over 180 on the same circumference, are reduced in FIG. 'other.

  In contrast, in FIG. 12, the positive 500 and negative 510 traces do not extend on the same circumference; each trace 500, 510 being associated with a connection trace respectively 270, 271 extending circumferentially each trace 500, 510.

  The plates 600 and 601 are centrally holed and are generally ring-shaped as in the embodiment of Figures 7 and 8.

  Of course, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Thus, in FIG. 14, the teeth have a generally T-shaped root 161 so that the notches 60 are of the semi-closed and unopened type as in FIG. 13. The coils are each wound around a tooth 61 and are covered by a protective insulator 261. The current comes through the end 66, the closest to the bottom 64 of the notch 60 and out the end 67 closest to the root 161 of the tooth. Then the current enters the coil wound on the

  17 second consecutive tooth. For example, magnetic poles North are produced when the coils belonging to a first series of coils are electrically powered.

  The same configuration is made for the free teeth interposed between the aforementioned teeth to make South poles when the coils, belonging to a second series of coils, are electrically powered in the opposite direction.

  This type of stator, as well as those of FIGS. 4 to 6, can belong to an inverted-current generator intended to supply coils of a rotor as described for example in document EP B 0 331 559 and as visible in FIG. 15. In this case, the wound stator 50 of FIGS. 4 to 6 and 14 is a multi-pole inductor stator, in this case 24 poles, surrounding an induced rotor 160 with a small clearance e.

  This rotor 160 also comprises a body 250 in the form of a pack of notched sheets and teeth for mounting a winding 130. This winding 130 is made from continuous wire conductors or with pins. As a variant, the winding is of the two-layer type as described in document FR 1 467 310. The outputs of this winding are connected via a diode rectifier bridge 18, as can be seen more clearly in FIG. 1 of EP B 0 331 559, to coils 4 wound around cores 4 '. The rectifier bridge supplies the coils 4 with direct current. The coils 4 and the cores 4 'define a ring of inductive poles with alternating polarities. A piece 5 made of ferromagnetic material is implanted facing the coils 4 and the cores 4 'with the presence of an annular gap E.

  This piece 5 is cooled by a pipe 7 with a liquid circulation, such as the cooling liquid of the heat engine as can be seen in FIG. 1 of this document EP B 0 331 559. In FIG. and at 9 the outlet pipe of the liquid. Striations 10 or other projections are provided to improve heat exchange. The stator 50 of the reverse current generator 50, 160 and the part 5 belong to a stator 3 having a sleeve 22 for mounting the body 150 of the stator 50. Similarly, the body 250 of the rotor 160 and the cores 4 'with coils 4 belong to a rotor 2 having a sleeve 19 for mounting the body 250 and carrying a fan 23.

  The rotor 2 has a flange 20 for attachment to a tray. The plate belongs to a universal joint intervening between the main output shaft of the vehicle gearbox and the motion transmission shaft to the wheels of the vehicle as can be seen in FIG. 3 of this document EP B 0 331 559. As a variant, the plate is secured to a shaft connected to a secondary transmission shaft of the gearbox via a speed multiplier as described, for example, in document FR 2 861 912 to which reference will be made. It can be seen from this document that the inlet and outlet pipes can be oriented axially or alternatively tangentially.

  The assembly is an electromagnetic retarder to slow down the vehicle and spare the brake pads thereof. Indeed, when the winding of the stator 50 is electrically powered, the rotor 160 supplies the coils 4 via the diode rectifier bridge 18 or other current rectifying elements, such as MOSFET transistors, so that it generates Eddy currents in the cooled part 5 and braking of the shaft, for example the main output of the gearbox. The power supply of the stator 50 is carried out via a control circuit as shown in FIG. 1 of this document EP B 0 331 559. In a variant, an electronic control unit is provided for regulating the current in the coils of the retarder. This housing is in one embodiment carried by the aforementioned connecting plate. The control circuit is connected to the battery of the vehicle, which thanks to the invention can be at 12V or 24V. In this FIG. 15 is shown for dashed clarity the plate 100 of FIG. 7 which is connected to the start and end of the winding of the stator 50 of the type shown in FIG. in this figure 15 two radial ears 122 centrally perforated. These ears belong to the free end of the sleeve 22 adjacent to the stator 50. The lugs 122 extend radially from the sleeve 22. In this case the plate 100 has at its outer periphery two ears 222 which are centrally perforated to cooperate with each other. with the ears 122 and fixing the plate 100 on the ears 122 for example by means of bolts or rivets through the holes of the ears 122, 222, here diametrically opposed. Of course in this embodiment the plate 101 also has ears, the plates 100, 101 being interchangeable. Thus the motor vehicle manufacturer or garage can easily mount or change itself the plate 100, 101. The number of ears depends on the applications and can be alternatively greater than two. In the case of the embodiments of FIGS. 5, 9 and 10, the plate 200, 201 can be fixed directly on

  The body 150 of the stator 50 for example by means of screws or studs. Advantageously, in this embodiment, the plate 200 or 201 has axially oriented spacers for bearing on the body 150 of the stator 50. Of course this is also applicable to the embodiment of FIGS. 7, 8, 11 and 12. Alternatively , as can be seen in FIG. 16, the inverted-current generator can electrically supply, via the rectifier bridge 18, at least one coil 4 of an inductor rotor 2 adapted to generate an induced current in a second wound stator 350 for forming an alternator or alternator-starter without brushes.

  The stator 350 also comprises a body 351 with teeth and notches carrying a winding 165.

  The wound stator 350 of this alternator comprises in one embodiment a winding 165 provided with coils arranged in strings and winding channels, and a connection plate according to the invention.

  In this case the alternator or the brushless starter-starter comprises in one embodiment two connecting plates at the rate of a first plate for the stator 50 and a second plate for the second stator 350. These plates are in an embodiment of transverse orientation relative to the axis XX of the machine, the beginnings and ends of the strings 1 being of axial orientation with respect to the axis XX. In a variant, the beginnings and ends of the strings 1 are in the form of a square and have an axial portion extended by a radial portion passing through an opening made in the sleeve 22 to connect to a connection plate then in contact with the

  21 outer periphery of the sleeve 22. This plate is fixed on the sleeve for example by means of screws or rivets. In this figure 16 is shown in dotted beginnings P1. Of course the beginnings and ends of the strings are advantageously covered with at least one electrically insulating layer and stripped at the connection plate concerned. In one embodiment the first plate also carries the voltage regulator of the alternator or the alternator-starter regulating the voltage of the wound stator 50, while the second plate carries a second rectifier bridge, in the case of a alternator, or a bridge rectifier and control in the case of an alternator starter. The rectifier and control bridge comprises for example MOSFET transistors, as described for example in document FR A 2,745,445 to which reference will be made for more details. In this case the second plate also carries a control stage of the transistors. The rectifier bridge or the rectifier and control bridge are electrically connected to the outputs of the winding 165 via the second plate, while the voltage regulator is connected via the first plate to the stator 50. The rotary electrical machine present in this embodiment two bridges namely the diode rotating bridge 18 for electrically supplying the coils 4 'via the rotor 160 and the fixed bridge rectifier or the fixed bridge and recovery bridge carried by a connecting plate. As seen in this figure 16 these two plates can be merged into a single plate 700 carrying the voltage regulator 701 and the bridge 702 or the bridge rectifier and control 702 and the control stage. In this figure 16, the stator support 3 of the stators 50, 350 constitutes a casing provided in this embodiment of a bottom 704 of transverse orientation relative to the axis X-X of the machine

  22 rotating electric. This axis X-X coincides with the axis of the shaft 703 secured to the rotors 160, 2 via at least one flange 20. Here there are provided four flanges 20 at the rate of two flanges for each rotor 160, 2.

  Alternatively there is provided a flange rotor 160, 2, see three flanges for both rotors. With a greater number of flanges a sleeve 19 is housed. A bearing, such as a ball bearing 705 is inserted radially between the outer periphery of the shaft 703 and the inner periphery of the bottom 704 for rotatable mounting of the shaft 703 intended to be rotated by the engine of the vehicle for example by a pulley transmission and at least one belt.

  The bottom 704 is extended at its outer periphery by the sleeve 22 of axial orientation relative to the axis X-X. It is in the sleeve 22 that the cooling fluid circulation channel 7 is produced, such as the cooling fluid of the heat engine, the inlet and outlet pipes of FIG. 15 not having been shown. The plate 700 or the connecting plates are secured to the outer periphery of the sleeve 22 well cooled. The bottom hollow shape assembly 704-sleeve 22 is in one embodiment closed by a cover of transverse orientation relative to the axis XX with radial interposition of another bearing, such as a ball bearing between the outer periphery of the shaft 703 and the inner periphery of the cover for rotatably mounting the shaft 703. In a variant, the stator 3 of hollow form, forming a housing, is in three parts connected for example by means of screws, namely the sleeve 22, the bottom 704 and the cover.

  23 It is inside this housing that are housed the stator 50, 350 and the rotor 160, 4-4 'respectively surrounded by the stator 50 and the stator 350 secured to the inner periphery of the sleeve 22, while the rotors 160, 4-4 'are secured via at least one flange 20 of the shaft 703, of axis XX, passing through the housing 3. There is provided here inside the housing 3 two fans 123, 23.

  The fan 23 is integral with the shaft 703 and the fan 123 of the rotor 160. The or flanges 20 are perforated for circulation of a cooling fluid here air. This circulation is achieved through the fans 23, 123; the bottom 704 and the sleeve 22 being provided with openings (not referenced), respectively of air inlet and air outlet, the fans 23, 123 being of the centrifugal type. We take advantage of these openings to pass the 20 beginnings and ends of the strings 1. As a variant one of the fans 23, 123 is of the type disengageable beyond a given rotational speed of the shaft 703. Of course a only one fan is provided as an alternative. The alternator or the brushless alternator can operate under two different voltages thanks to the invention. In these figures 15 and 16 the sleeve 22 30 belongs to the stator 3 forming a housing or carcass and carrying, here internally, the stator 50 surrounding the rotor 160 secured to the cores 4 'belonging to a second rotor; the rotor 2 comprising the rotor 160 and the second rotor with coils 4 and cores 4 '. In FIG. 16 the sleeve 22 also internally bears the stator 351 surrounding the second rotor 4-4 '. 25

  Of course, the machine may be a starter with a stator comprising oblong cores, such as the core 4 'of FIG. 15, for assembling coils arranged in accordance with the invention.

  The stator thus has teeth or cores for mounting the coils.

  Thanks to the invention, the poles of the poles are standardized and the same ampere-turns are always kept at each pole.

  More precisely we keep the same current by winding and keep the same number of turns per 15 pole

  It suffices to respect the following relationships. If U1 is the initial excitation voltage and U2 is another voltage for which the machine can be excited as well, such as:

  U1 = k x U2 k being an integer - If Iexcl the excitation current for U1 and Iexc2 for U2

  If a1 is the winding channel number for U1 and a2 is the winding channel number for U2.

  Then the need for an identical excitation power leads to:

  Iexc2 = k x Iexc1 The excitation current per pole is given by: Iexc_pl = Iexcl / a1 Iexc_p2 = lexc2 / a2 The conservation of the number of ampere-turns per pole thus leads to the following condition:

  a2 = k x al The number of poles must be multiple of the number of winding channels the highest.

  As can be seen from the description and the drawings, on the one hand, the different voltages are globally a multiple of the other, for example 12 and 24V-12, 24 and 48V, and on the other hand, the plates are interchangeable as well as the connecting links. These plates bear positive and negative traces or negative, positive traces and electrically conductive traces of connection. These electrically conductive traces can be replaced by electrical conductors such as electrically conductive wires.

  Thus, these plates comprise electrical conductors arranged so as to ensure both the connection between the different strings of coils and the connection of the two-terminal strings, B +, B-; B '+, B'-, for the connection of the rated voltage of the machine.

  These connection plates constitute one embodiment of a connection connector.

  As a variant, this connector, instead of including a trace and terminal support plate, may in another embodiment include a support for conductors, such as traces, of non-flat shape, for example

  For example, the shape of the annular sector is such that it conforms to the shape of the sleeve 22. The connector support has a shape that depends on the applications.

  This support is advantageously made of electrically insulating material.

  In one embodiment, the connection connector carries at least one electronic component, such as a voltage regulator and / or a rectifier bridge or a rectifier and control bridge. In this case the plate is in one embodiment coated with a protective cover as shown in dashed lines at 710 in FIG.

  The traces are not necessarily embedded in the connector support and may alternatively belong to a printed circuit carried by the support. The traces may be replaced by electrical conductors carried by the connector support. These conductors are advantageously coated with at least one electrically insulating layer being stripped at the beginning and end of the strings and at the terminals. The conductors or traces constitute electrical connection connections.

Claims (17)

  1. A rotary electric machine shaped to be able to operate under at least two different electrical voltages, the machine comprising at least one stator (50) provided with coils (65) forming an integer multiple of at least four magnetic poles, characterized in that the coils are arranged in at least four strings (1) of coils (65), the strings (1) of coils (65) being interconnected in two winding channels (V1, V2 - V3, V4) and provided with links interchangeable predetermined connection terminals arranged between connection points (P1, P2, P3, P4, M1, M2, M3, M4) according to the electrical voltage under which the electrical machine is to operate.   2. Electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the two different electrical voltages are generally a multiple of one another.   3. Electrical machines according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each winding channel comprises two strings (1) of coils interconnected in series.   4. Electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coils are arranged in an integer multiple of four strings (1).   5. Electrical machine according to claim 4, characterized in that each winding channel (V3, V4) comprises four strings (1) of coils interconnected in series.   6. Electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stator 28 (50) comprises a body (150) having an alternation of notches (60) and teeth (61) for mounting twenty-four coils arranged in four strings (1) of six coils (65) and alternately belonging to a North pole and a South pole.   7. Electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stator (50) comprises a body (150) having an alternation of notches (60) and teeth (61) for mounting twenty four coils (65) arranged in four strings (1) of six coils (65), two of which belong only to North poles and the other two only belong to South poles spaced four notch notches.   8. Electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stator (50) comprises a body (150) having an alternation of notches (60) and teeth (61) for mounting twenty four coils (65) arranged in four strings (1) of six coils (65), two of which belong only to North poles and the other two of which belong only to South poles spaced two not notches.   9. Electrical machine according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it is shaped to operate under two voltages and in that to obtain the lower voltage of the two possible voltages, all starts are electrically connected ( P1, P2, P3, P4) of strand (1) to a first terminal (B '+), said positive terminal, and all ends (Ml, M2, M3, M4) of strand (1) to a second terminal ( B'-), said negative terminal. 29   10. Electrical machine according to claim 9, characterized in that to obtain the upper voltage of the two possible voltages, is connected electrically the beginning (P2) of the second string at the end (M1) of the first string for the series of the two first strings (1), and the beginning (P4) of the last strand at the end (M3) of the third strand for the serialization of the last two strings, and in that the beginnings (P1, P3) of the first and third strings to a first terminal (B +), said positive terminal, and the ends (M2, M4) of the second and fourth strings to a second terminal (B-), said negative terminal.   Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a connection conector (100, 101-200, 201-600, 601) at the connection points (P1, P2, P3, P4, M1, M2, M3, M4) and that the connection connector is interchangeable and is provided with predetermined connection connections according to the electrical voltage under which the electrical machine is to operate.   12. Electrical machine according to claim 11, characterized in that predetermined connection links comprise conductors arranged to ensure both the connection between the different strings of coils (1) and the connection of the two-terminal strings (B +, B-; 1/2 B +, 1/2 B-) for connecting the rated voltage of the machine.   13. Electrical machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the conductors consist of electrically conductive traces carried by the support of the connector of electrically insulating material. 30   14. Electric machine according to claim 13, characterized in that the support is in the form of a plate.   Electrical machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its stator (50) belongs to an inverted-current generator comprising a rotor (160) surrounded by the stator (160) and in that the rotor (160) ) is intended to electrically power the coils (4 ') of a second rotor (2) integral with the rotor (160) of the reverse current generator.   16. Electrical machine according to claim 15, characterized in that the second rotor (2) is the rotor of an electromagnetic retarder having a sleeve (22) carrying the stator (50) of the reverse current generator.   17. Electrical machine according to claim 16, characterized in that the second rotor (2) is the inductor rotor of a second wound stator carried by a sleeve (22) carrying the stator (50) of the reverse current generator.