FR2917778A1 - Carbon dioxide emission sequestering and limiting method for e.g. terrestrial motor vehicle, involves collecting coolant of engine block, and circulating coolant in heat exchanger that functions with exhaust gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves collecting a coolant of an engine block in a hose or rigid or flexible pipe after circulation of the coolant across a cooling path of an internal combustion engine, where the engine exits the coolant under the form of vapor or liquid heated at more than 60 degree centigrade. The coolant is circulated in a heat exchanger (1) that functions with exhaust gas in an outlet of the engine. The heat exchanger is provided with a metal pipe to realize changing of liquid phase into vapor phase and to increase temperature of the coolant.

Description

Because of the problem represented by the scarcity of fossil fuels

  and the CO2 pollution generated by their combustion in an internal combustion engine, various propulsion processes for vehicles are emerging. They can be classified into two broad categories.

  1) Propulsion based on improved internal combustion engines so as to increase efficiency in order to reduce fuel consumption and, in fact, reduce the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere.

  2) Propulsion based on electric motors, electricity being supplied either by a battery or produced on the fly by a hydrogen battery.

  Whatever the improvement of an internal combustion engine such as: / The Pantone reactor which allows to produce on the fly a fuel, usable by practically any internal combustion engine, from a mixture of water and a hydrocarbon or other type of carbon chain. / Rotary engines capable of operating with a proportion of water in its fuel to improve the efficiency of the engine ... An internal combustion engine releases into the atmosphere the combustion CO2.

  The main alternative to reducing or eliminating direct CO2 emissions is the use of electric motors for propulsion.

  For this type of engine is nevertheless the problem of the autonomy of electric vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cells seem to bypass this obstacle. However, this technology is very expensive, moreover hydrogen fuel cells currently developed have a short life of 2 years on average. All this strongly penalizes this technology.

  Although an electric motor does not emit CO2 directly, the production of the hydrogen necessary for the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell, as well as the production of the electricity needed to recharge a more conventional battery secondary missions of CO2.

  Hybrid engines offer an urban decrease in the amount of CO2 emitted when they are used in electric mode. But the overall CO2 emission linked to the use of these vehicles remains close to that of a diesel engine.

  We propose an alternative method and device to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere by a vehicle with internal combustion engine, thanks to an autonomous CO2 sequestration unit produced at each vehicle. The CO2 stored at the level of each vehicle will then be exported to reprocessing structures or plants. The sequestered CO2 will serve as a source of CO2 for greenhouse plants, for bacteria capable of synthesizing calcium carbonate from hydrogen carbonate, or for algae able for example to synthesize oils that can be used as fuel. The use of biofuel in vehicles capable of sequestering CO2 will make it possible to obtain a global cycle of negative CO2 (reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere). Whatever the nature of the fuel and the shape of an internal combustion engine, most of the energy from combustion is lost in heat.

  The disclosed method and device is an active exhaust system for an internal combustion engine that utilizes lost thermal energy to sequester and minimize CO2 emissions to the atmosphere while minimizing the increase in energy consumption required to achieve sequestration. The device includes systems that reduce the amount of CO2 produced during combustion of the fuel in the engine and the sequestration of CO2 produced.

  Principle of Operation 1) The first step of the Figl process consists in: recovering in a hose or a rigid or flexible pipe, the cooling fluid of an engine block after its circulation through the cooling chimneys of the engine, from where it leaves in vapor form or a heated liquid to more than 60 C. The fluid then flows in a heat exchanger 1 which works with the exhaust gas at the output of the engine.

  A) The exchanger will consist of a metal pipe (brass, steel, copper, iron, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, aluminum, aluminum oxide, ceramic ...) attached to a fairly long length (5 100 cm) to another pipe made of these same materials. The cooling fluid circulates in a pipe Fig1A 2, 3 and the exhaust gases circulate in the second Fig2A 3, 5. While circulating, the exhaust gases heat the cooling fluid through the walls of the pipes by providing the energy required to effect the change of liquid phase to the vapor phase of the cooling fluid and / or to increase the temperature of cooling fluid in vapor form.

  B) In another configuration, the heat exchanger will consist of two metal pipes (brass, steel, iron, copper, titanium alloy, nickel alloy, aluminum, aluminum oxide, ceramic ...) nested one in the other over 5 to 100 cm in length. The cooling fluid will circulate in the inner pipe Fig1B 6, 3 while the exhaust gases circulate around in the outer pipe FiglB 4, 5. While circulating around the inner pipe of the cooling fluid, the exhaust gases bring the energy necessary to achieve the change of the liquid phase to the vapor phase of the cooling fluid and / or to increase the temperature of the cooling fluid in vapor form (temperature between 150 and 300 C). By using suitable alloys (nickel, titanium, aluminum oxide), the gases and vapors used can reach more than 300 C (typically between 800 and 1000 C). In some configurations, the exhaust gas flow pipe may be the inner pipe.

  C) In another configuration, the heat exchanger will consist of a central pipe Fig2A 7 in which the exhaust gas flows. This pipe will be surrounded by a spiral pipe 8 in which water or water vapor circulates. The role of the two pipes can be reversed, the water circulating in the central pipe and the exhaust gases in the spiral.

  D) In another configuration, the exchanger will consist of a central pipe Fig2B 7 in which the exhaust gas circulates. This pipe will be surrounded by a set of joined tubes forming a rosette (typically a seven-pipe rosette) Fig2B 9. In the central pipe circulate the exhaust gas. The tubes of the rosette are interconnected by Fig3B 10 arched hoses, so that water or water vapor can circulate alternately in each of them by accumulating the heat of the exhaust gases, thus increasing the energy of the water or of the water vapor and allowing the liquid / vapor transition.50 All the pipes and heat exchanger may be insulated with rock wool, ceramic or any other heat-insulating material, to limit heat loss. 2) At the outlet of the exchanger 1, the cooling fluid in the form of steam is directed towards the inlet of a gas turbine at one or more stages 11 to drive the blades 14, propellers or blades integral with the axis who will be so trained. The axis or rotor 15 is common to a second gas turbine with one or more stages 16 fed by the exhaust gases leaving the heat exchanger 17.

  E) In some embodiments, an expansion vessel Fig4 20 may be disposed at the outlet of each of the gas turbines. The vessel consisting of a container of a large volume (between 0.5 and 100 liters) will allow easier relaxation of water vapor and exhaust after passing through the turbines. This expansion vessel may be of flexible material (eg fabric) and disposed in the hollow elements of the vehicle such as wings or bumpers. In addition to their role of gas expansion, expansion tanks of flexible material will serve as a shock absorbing element in the hollow elements of the vehicle (inflated air bag) thanks to the pressure of the gases they contain.

  The turbines convert the energy of the steam and exhaust gases exiting the heat exchanger into rotational energy which will later compress the exhaust gases.

  G) At the outlet of the expansion vessel, if any of the turbine 21, the fluid in the form of water vapor is directed through a hose or a rigid or flexible pipe to the upper tank of a radiator. The air flowing between the radiator tubes cools the water vapor which condenses into liquid during migration. The cooled fluid is recovered in the lower tank and can then restart a cycle through the engine.

  3) At the outlet of the expansion tank, if applicable from the turbine 22, the exhaust gases are directed through a hose or a rigid or flexible pipe to the upper tank 35 of a radiator 23. The air circulates between the radiator tubes and cools the exhaust gas and condenses the water vapor resulting from the combustion. Part of the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas dissolves in this water. In water or exhaust radiators, Peltier resistors may be available to help lower the temperature more quickly. These 40 resistors may be powered by solar panels integrated in the vehicle body.

  4) At the outlet of the radiator, the exhaust gases are sucked by a turbine or a turbo pump with one or more stages 24 or a compressor provided with a system allowing it 45 to suck the cooled exhaust gases from radiator to exhaust gas for compression in a CO2 sequestration tank (compression unit). The blades, vanes, worm or cylinder of the turbine or suction pump or compressor are driven by the two gas turbines operating with steam or steam of the cooling fluid and the exhaust gas described above 26. The transmission 50 of the movement of the gas turbines to a compression unit is: Either direct such as: / common axis or a gimbal. / pulley system and belts / gears connecting the common axis of the gas turbines to the compression unit;

  Or indirectly, by a hydraulic transmission Fig7 A, thanks to an oil circulation between the common axis of the gas turbines and the axis of the compression unit. The oil is moved by a worm Fig7B or fins attached to the common axis of the gas turbines. The oil set in motion transmits its movement to the axis of the FIG7C compression unit by driving small fins fixed on this axis. The suction of the exhaust gases in the radiator will create a vacuum at this level (already initiated by the cooling of the exhaust gases). The compression unit will repress the gases by creating an overpressure of between 1 and 300 atmospheres. 5) At the outlet of the compression unit, the cooled and compressed gases are led by a pipe or a hose 28, possibly terminated by a sintered 28, at the bottom of a tank filled with water or another solvent such as as fluorocarbon or a mixture of solvents, with a capacity of between 1 and 1000 liters (CO2 sequestering tank). The exhaust gas bubbles in the water through the sinter 28 to allow the CO2 (and other gases) present in the exhaust gas to dissolve in the water. The high pressure maintained by the compression unit increases the amount of dissolved CO2 in the water (concentration of CO2 / liter depending on the pressure).

  In more complex embodiments, in order to increase the amount of CO2 captured, additives capable of binding CO2 are added to the water in the tank. The CO2 sequestration tank can also be compartmentalized and filtered according to the different additives.

  F) In one embodiment, lime water and / or barite water introduced into an insulated tank portion are selected as additives by filters which do not allow the lime or barite precipitates to pass through. calcium, barium carbonate). For example, in a lime / barite compartment, delimited by filters consisting of foams or sponges synthetic honeycomb 29, is diffused water lime or baryta. In the presence of CO2, a precipitate forms with the barium or and the calcium which falls at the bottom of the tank. A gentle suction through a grid 30 located at the bottom of this part of the tank makes it possible to filter the water loaded with particles of calcium carbonate or baryte carbonate and to retain the particles in suitable filters. The filter may consist of a simple foam or synthetic sponge of metal or plastic straw, a calibrated pore membrane filter, a filter or an ion exchange resin commonly used to demineralize the water. In general, any filter capable of retaining precipitates calcium carbonate or barium carbonate.

  G) The lime or barite water is introduced into the compartment by one or two diffusers 31 provided at their sintered end 32. The baryte water and / or lime is stored in one or two small tanks in the annex of water tank and dispensed in a flow defined by one or two pumps through one or two channels 31 terminated by sintered 32 which open into the tank 25. An alternative is to produce lime water and / or barite on the fly, from lime (calcium hydroxide) or barite (barium hydroxide, barium oxide) stored in two tanks in annex 33. A second channel equipped with a non-return valve connects each auxiliary tank to the output of the filter thus making it possible to produce on the fly water of lime or barite.

  H) Another embodiment consists in disposing in a portion of the CO2 sequestering tank a cellular foam or sponge occupying all or part of the section of the reservoir 29. The interstices or cells of the sponge will contain plastic particles (millimeters , micrometric or nanometric) on which are grafted ferrous or ferric ions capable of fixing the molecules of CO2 34. These particles may be of the same nature as the plastic particles used to produce the artificial blood.

  I) Another embodiment consists in using plastic particles on which are grafted heme molecules provided with a ferrous or ferric ion by any arm such as a polymer of pyrol or polyvinyl or any other polymer. An alternative is to fix ferrous or ferric ions or heme molecules with a ferrous or ferric ion directly on the plastics constituting the sponge. The iron ions present in the sponge and / or particles will trap CO2 dissolved in the water. The trapping will be all the more effective as the number of dissolved molecules will be important.

  J) Plastic particles with iron ions and / or heme molecules can be contained in small closed bags of volume ranging from a few cubic millimeters (lmm3) to several cubic centimeters (10 cm3) arranged in bulk or grouped together in particular areas of the tank. These small bags will have walls or membranes pierced with orifices small enough to retain particles or heme molecules, but large enough to pass the CO2 molecules or other dissolved gases. Typically it could be dialysis membranes.

  K) Tank sections may be delimited by foam or synthetic sponge to accommodate different types of CO2 trap. In a reservoir section delimited by synthetic foam and possibly in the thickness of the foam walls will be arranged small dialysis strands with a length of between 5mm to 3000 mm and a diameter of between 5mm to 300mm. Preferably these dialysis beads will be 50 mm long and 5 mm in diameter 35. The pores of the membranes of the tubes will be such that they will allow the diffusion of gas and water molecules but not the diffusion of fluocarbon or hydrocarbon to long chains (greater than 4 carbons). The flanges closed at both ends will be filled with a mixture of fluorocarbon, water, and surfactants. In some embodiments, the flanges will be filled with only fluorocarbons such as: perfluorobengene, perfluoro-N-methylmorpholine, n-perfluoroheptane ...

  L) In a preferred embodiment, the flanges 35 will be filled with a micromulsion consisting of small drops of fluorocarbon 100 A wide, containing 10 to 20% surfactant in an aqueous medium. The micromulsions are for example obtained by centrifuging and / or sonicating (ultrasound) or by beating a mixture of fluorocarbon water, surfactant (polyoxythylene, perfloroalkylpolyoxyethylene glycol or mixed olefins RFRH ....) These stable micelles micelles are able to set a very large amount of dissolved CO2 50 (and other dissolved gases).

  M) The CO2 sequestering tank is surmounted by a cooling column 36, itself opening. The CO2 and other undissolved combustion gases are evacuated after bubbling into the water of the CO2 sequestering tank via the cooling column. This column is composed of a pipe 10 to 100 centimeters long and 1 to 10 centimeters in radius surmounting the tank of any topology 36. Around the column, is wound in a spiral pipe of small diameter 37 (1 to 5 centimeters of diameter). At the base of the spiral pipe 38 a small pump 38 draws water from the bottom of the tank, circulates it in the spiral pipe 37 to discharge it into the upper part of the tank 40, to which the other end of the tank is connected. spiral. At the base of the spiral pipe, a Peltier resistor and / or a radiator 41 cool the water flowing in the spiral. The circulation of water in the spiral pipe lowers the temperature of the cooling column, which greatly limits the evaporation of water or other CO2 sequestering solvent while allowing the evacuation of gases dissolved. To minimize the fuel consumption for the production of the electricity used by the Peltier resistor and the pump of the spiral, the electricity necessary for the operation of these two devices is possibly produced by a thermocouple, for example between the heat exchanger and the reservoir or the body and / or a small solar panel arranged for example on the vehicle body.

  N) The cooling column opens into a tank containing soda lime 42 capable of retaining the CO2 still present in the exhaust gas. The tank is hermetically closed by one or more pressure valves which allow the exhaust gases to be released to the outside when the pressure of the sequestering tank becomes greater than the closing pressure of the valve or valve 44. The pressure desired can be obtained by spring systems with a stiffness constant exerting a force equal to the desired pressure, electric or hydraulic cylinders, weight plugs. In general, any system triggering the opening of the valves as soon as the limit pressure is reached, for example, electrically controlled valve systems coupled to pressure probes that trigger the opening of the valves for the desired pressure . The high pressure obtained by the compression system driven by the turbines makes it possible to increase not only the amount of dissolved CO2 but also the efficiency of CO2 capture by the CO2 traps of the tank and the soda lime.

  O) To enable the motor to turn on a solenoid valve Fig9 46 and a non-return system Fig9 47 are installed between the water tank and the compression unit. This solenoid valve can be completed by a bag or an expansion tank Fig9 20, which may be of flexible material (for example fabric), located between the output of the compression unit and the solenoid valve. When the engine starts, this solenoid valve is closed while the engine is producing enough heat to generate steam to drive the turbines. During this stage, the exhaust gas swells the expansion bag which remains at atmospheric pressure until it is inflated. When the gas turbines reach a regime capable of compressing the exhaust gas, the solenoid valve opens and allows the entry of gases into the sequestering tank.

  P) In order to prime the system faster, the compression unit can be coupled to an electric motor or generator / motor 45 electric can act as an electric motor that supplements the gas turbines to drive the compression unit or generate electricity when the turbines are running. This current will be used to reduce the amount of CO2 produced by the engine by reducing fuel consumption without decreasing the power of the engine, but also to cool the exhaust more efficiently. When starting or when the engine speed is too low to produce enough heat to drive the gas turbines, the generator / electric motor starts in electric motor mode. The electric motor drives the compression unit which draws the exhaust gases at the outlet of the exhaust gas radiator and compresses them into the CO2 sequestering tank or possibly inflates the expansion bag located at the outlet of the unit. compression.

  When the gas turbines are running at full speed the additional rotary energy produced will be used to produce electric current through the engine / generator that operates in generator mode.

  Q) When enough heat is generated, the steam turbine can have a higher operating speed than the exhaust gas turbine. In this configuration, the exhaust gas turbine will rather act as a pump sucking exhaust gas creating a primary vacuum with respect to the compression unit located downstream of the exhaust gas radiator. This phenomenon will tend to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine by improving the exhaust gas evacuation of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. On the other hand, this leads to a limitation of the rotational speed of the gas turbines, because the primary vacuum disadvantages the heat exchange between the water and the exhaust gases. To mitigate this phenomenon, a second heat exchanger water or water vapor / exhaust gas Fig10 1B is introduced at the outlet of the gas turbine operating in the exhaust gas, such that the exhaust gas circulates in a first exchanger thermal, operate the exhaust gas turbine and then circulate in a second heat exchanger before being driven to an expansion tank or the exhaust gas radiator.

  R) A catalytic exhaust can be introduced into the exhaust gas circuits after the gas turbine and before, or after the eventual second heat exchanger. This catalytic muffler can be combined with the second heat exchanger in the same structure playing both the catalytic role of the exhaust fumes and heat exchanger with water or water vapor.

  After circulating in a structure of ceramic cells coated with a catalytic metal deposition, the exhaust gases converted into CO2, H2O, N2 for the most part circulate in a system of parallel channels pierced in an aluminum block, nickel or any other metal, ceramic ... (heat exchange block) A second series of perpendicular channels (transverse channels) and interspersed with the first series allows the water to circulate in the block along a path perpendicular to that of exhaust gas. While circulating in the heat exchange block, the water accumulates enough heat to be transformed into steam. In a two-heat exchanger system, the water or the engine coolant circulates in the first heat exchanger and then in the second heat exchanger to be transformed into water vapor and accumulate energy, before being injected into the heat exchanger. the gas turbine operating with steam. At the outlet of the gas turbine, the water vapor is condensed in a radiator to start a cycle again. In a single heat exchanger system, the heat exchanger can be placed after the gas turbine (exhaust) to prevent gas pressure losses before the turbine.

  All or some of the elements may be insulated to eliminate heat loss. 6) For CO2 sequestration to be more efficient, thereby minimizing emissions to the atmosphere and not being energy intensive, a portion of the thermal energy of the internal combustion engine is used to increase the efficiency of the combustion engine and to reduce CO2 production without loss of power or increase in consumption. To do this, the heat exchangers used to produce the steam supplying the gas turbines play another role by providing the necessary energy for the on-the-fly production of a more energetic fuel that reduces the production of CO2 for a given fuel. similar power.

  S) In this particular embodiment, one of the tubes of the rosette of the heat exchanger described in paragraph D is independent of other Fig5 49. In this independent pipe, called fuel pipe, circulates the fuel supply of the engine 52 (gasoline, diesel, oil, alcohol, etc.). Under the action of heat (temperature between 100 and 1000 C) of the exhaust gas, the circulating fuel undergoes a liquid / vapor transition and / or begins to decompose into shorter chain, unsaturated hydrocarbons and / or hydrogen. The fuel vapors 50 are then directed to one of the inputs of a steam / fuel vapor mixer 54 where also another part enters the part of the water vapor produced in the other pipes of the rosette of the exchanger through a bifurcation 51 of the outlet pipe of the rosette. The two inputs of the steam / fuel steam mixer are controlled by solenoid valves 46 which allow the mixer inlets to be opened or closed according to the desired steam / steam mixture. The mixer is extended by a pipe / reactor 55 having a radius of between 0.5 centimeters and 10 centimeters and a length of between 1 centimeter and 1 meter.

  T) In certain configurations of the invention, the reactor walls will be covered with a layer of catalytic metal such as platinum, aluminum, titanium, chromium derivatives. These catalysts may be structured to fill all or part of the reactor tube lumen in the form of a sintered structure or via a honeycomb ceramic structure on the surface of which the catalysts are deposited.

  U) In order to promote an orientation of the fuel and water molecules with respect to the catalysts, a magnetic field between 0.1 and 50 teslas oriented parallel or perpendicular to the main axis of the reactor tube, can be introduced in the center of the reactor . This magnetic field may be static, produced by a static magnet 58 or a magnetic bar, for example of the neodymium iron boron type, cobalt samarium (Sm2 Co17, Sml Co5...) Having a radius of between 0.45 centimeters and 5 centimeters and a length of between 1 centimeter and 1 meter. However, since the high temperatures (between 200 ° C. and 1000 ° C.) inside the reactor risk of causing these properties to be lost to a static magnet, an electromagnet will be preferred for generating the magnetic field. The electricity required for the operation of the electromagnet will be produced by the generator / electric motor operating in generator mode driven by the gas turbines. The coil of the electromagnet will eventually have a core for amplifying the magnetic field. The core will consist of a bar made of any metal or ferromagnetic alloy. This core will preferably be cobalt / nickel, Samarium / cobalt, neodymium iron boron or any other alloy or agglomerate of particles capable of withstanding high temperatures and can generate magnetic fields of the order of a few teslas. The coil of the electromagnet may consist of a copper wire or any other heat-resistant conductive material. In particular, the coil may consist of a wire coated with a thin ceramic serving as an insulator between the different layers of wire constituting it. The last layer of wire may be uninsulated on at least one section of the wire. The last layer of wire will be possibly in platinum, titanium, chromium or any other metal capable of having a catalytic action on the decomposition or the rearrangement of the fuel in more detonating units, in particular by the production of hydrogen.

  V) In a particular embodiment, the core of the coil of ferromagnetic material will protrude from the coil. Only the part of the core protruding from the coil will be included in the reactor. This geometry makes it possible to generate a magnetic field induced in the reactor without exposing the coil to the high temperatures of the reactor which tend to reduce the performance of the coil and to damage it.

  W) The solenoid valves of the reactor make it possible to regulate the proportions mixture steam of water / vapor of fuel introduced in the reactor. The reactor pipe may be disposed in the center of another pipe where exhaust gas flow 56, so that the assembly is heated to a temperature above 200 C (between 200 C and 1000 C). The reactor will be disposed upstream or downstream of the heat exchanger with respect to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas.

  X) In another configuration, the reactor can be indu in the catalytic exhaust pipe. In particular in the heat exchange block, some transverse tubes for circulating water and / or water vapor will be substituted by reactor hoses 55 thus making it possible to use the heat diffused at the exhaust pipe to achieve cracking the fuel. The reactor hoses are powered by a tree of the mixer. At the outlet of the reactor (s), the vapor mixture is injected into the cylinders of the combustion engine during the compression-expansion cycle of the engine, either by direct injection or after having been mixed with air by means of a carburettor. or an air compressor.

  Y) In another embodiment, the exhaust gas and the steam are mixed and together drive a single gas turbine.

  At the outlet of a heat exchanger or a reactor pipe or a catalytic exhaust pipe comprising heat exchanger pipes and possibly reactor pipes, the exhaust gases are mixed with water vapor in a pipe Fig. 59. The steam is produced from a single heat exchange system located upstream or downstream of the gas turbine, or possibly two heat exchangers located on either side of the gas turbine. the gas turbine. The water circuit of the two heat exchangers will be placed upstream of the turbine. The exhaust gas / steam mixture obtained at the outlet of the gas mixing pipe feeds a single single-stage or multi-stage turbine FIG. This turbine is coupled (optionally: by a hydraulic system, a gimbal system, a common axis, a system of pulleys / belts) to a compression unit and possibly to an electric generator. After passing through the gas turbine, the gaseous mixture can possibly circulate in the second heat exchanger for the two-exchanger configurations, the gas mixture (exhaust gas / steam) playing the role described until now for the gases of exhaust alone.

  At the outlet of the exchangers and the gas turbine, the exhaust gas / steam mixture can possibly be expanded in a vessel or expansion bag before being cooled and / or condensed in a single radiator. At the exit of the radiator, the exhaust gases are injected and compressed in the CO2 sequestration tank by means of the compression unit.

  Z) In a configuration with two heat exchangers upstream and downstream of the gas turbine, it is advantageous for a better efficiency of the system, that the circulation of water / and / or steam between the two exchangers is in the direction of the temperature gradient that exists between the two heat exchangers (from the coldest to the hottest). To regulate the flow direction of the water between the two heat exchangers according to the variations of the temperature gradient, the water circuit between the heat exchangers is made with W pipes Fig. 48. Each leg of the W is equipped with a solenoid valve, ie a total of 4 solenoid valves Fig10 46. One end of the water circuit of each heat exchanger is connected to the base of the V of the W structure. The second end of the water circuit of each of the two heat exchangers are connected to each other. The water supply to the heat exchangers is via the top of the A-shaped structure of the W-pipe. The water outlet is through the first and last leg of the W pipe.

  To circulate the water in a first direction between the two exchangers, the solenoid valves of the second and fourth legs of the W pipe are open, while those of the first and fourth legs are closed. To circulate the water in the other direction, it is the solenoid valves, of the third and the first leg of the pipe in W, which are opened while the two others are closed. The outlets of the first and fourth legs of the W-pipe are interconnected before arriving at the steam turbine Fig10 or the gas mixing pipe. The positioning of thermal probes at the two heat exchangers makes it possible to determine the direction of circulation of water or water vapor for the best efficiency.

  Za) After passing through the turbine (s) and possibly the expansion bags, the water condenses in the exhaust gas radiator and / or the mixed radiator steam water cooling exhaust gas, then accumulates in the tank of the lower part of the radiator (condensation collector) 61. The condensation collector at its upper part is connected by a rigid pipe to a pump, a turbo pump, a compressor, etc. 24. Generally speaking, means for drawing the cooled gas leaving the radiator (compression unit), for injecting it under pressure or compressing it in the CO2 sequestering tank. gas in the CO2 sequestering tank can be below or above the level of liquid contained in this reservoir, but preferably below. The pipe connecting the compression unit and the radiator, is arranged in such a way that it blocks the passage of the condensation water, in particular by imposing a sufficiently large difference in height between the condensation collector and the compression unit. This pipe will possibly have check valves to prevent any discharge in the condensation collection tank.

  Zb) In the collector of condensations will be arranged one or more ultrasonic sources that will quickly degas the water condensation. The gases produced will be sucked by the compression unit and injected into the CO2 sequestration tank. The condensation water is pumped by a water pump which may be: / Electric, / Driven by the motor, / Driven by the water vapor produced in the heat exchange circuit. The pressure or vacuum applied by the pump makes it possible to filter it, for example by reverse osmosis through the filter or a membrane capable of retaining particles of nanometric size. The filtered and degassed water will either be discharged outside, stored in a tank, or partly reinjected into the vehicle's cooling system to start a new cycle. 7) The liquid CO2 sequestration unit makes it possible to retain the majority of the particles emitted by the internal combustion engine.

  LEGENDS OF ALL FIGURES 1) Heat exchanger 2) Water or water vapor inlet at the chimney outlet of an internal combustion engine 3) Water vapor outlet 4) Gas inlet d exhaust 5) Exhaust gas outlet 6) Inlet of water vapor or hot water at the chimney outlet of an internal combustion engine 7) Central pipe heat exchanger 8) Spiral pipe heat exchanger 9 ) Hoses forming a heat exchanger rosette 10 Heat exchanger hoses 11) Enter water vapor into the gas turbine 13 Worm gear or impeller or vane wheel to circulate the oil 12) Outlet cooling oil 14) Steam rotor blades driving the common axis of the two turbines 15) Axis common to both turbines 16) Exhaust gas rotor blades driving the common axis of the two turbines 17) Input of exhaust gas in the turbine 20) Bag or Expansio Vase not. 21) Exhaust pipe or water vapor exit hose 22) Exhaust gas outlet pipe or hose 23) Radiator 24) Compressor unit, turbine or turbo pump with one or more stages or compressor equipped with a system allowing it to suck the cooled exhaust gases from the radiator for compression in a CO2 sequestering tank. 25) CO2 sequestration tank 26) Coupling between the gas turbines and the compression unit. 27) Compression unit outlet 28) Sintered structure for bubbling the exhaust gases in the solvent 29) Foams or synthetic honeycomb sponges for structuring the CO2 sequestration tank 30) Filtration grid for carbonate precipitates . 31) Additive diffuser 32) Diffuser sinter 33) Additive tank 34) CO2 trap particle 35) Unit or coil containing additives capable of trapping CO2 or other dissolved gases 36) Cooling column 37) Coiled pipe spiral cooling column 38) Cooling column spiral pipe base 39) Cooling column pump 40) Spiral coil spiral wound pipe water rejection pipe 41) Peltier resistance and / / or a radiator of the cooling column 42) Tank containing soda lime 43) Soda lime 44) Valve controlling the pressure 45) Electric current generator / electric motor 46) Solenoid valve 47) Non-return system 48) Hose structure W 49) Heat exchanger rosette fuel hose 50) Fuel vapors 51) Bifurcation of the water vapor outlet hose of the rosette heat exchanger 52) Engine fuel supply 53 ) Water vapor 54) Steam / water vapor mixer 55) Reactor hose 56) Hose circulating the exhaust gas surrounding the reactor 57) Activated vapor mixture 58) Magnetic bar 59) Single mixing pipe gas 60) Enter the turbine of the mixture steam exhaust gas 61) condensate collector20

Claims (9)

  1) Process characterized in that it makes it possible to sequester and / or dissolve the CO2 and a part of the other gases, coming from the combustion of the fuel of an internal combustion engine, in the liquid phase of a reservoir, the liquid or solvent being water, a fluorocarbon water mixture, a fluorocarbon, a hydrocarbon water mixture, a halocarbon water mixture, a halocarbon, a halocarbon hydrocarbon mixture.   2) Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid reservoir is structured in compartments between which dissolved and non-dissolved liquids and gases can circulate but which on the other hand retains the particles of nano, micro, or millimeter size. These compartments or their walls will contain additives capable of trapping CO2 or other dissolved gases. Without being exhaustive, the trapping of CO2 and other gases is done by complexing them, precipitating them after a chemical reaction, sequestering them in micromicellar-micromicellar-nanocellar structures (micromulsion), by binding them to more molecules. Soluble ... additives are either permanently or long-term in the solvent or in the compartments or their walls, or are added on the fly. Without being exhaustive, the additives may consist of lime water, barite water, iron ions or iron ion-bound hems grafted onto nano or plastic microparticles or directly on or in the walls of the structures, micelles or micromicelles or nanomicelles consisting of mixtures of surfactants, fluorocarbon, hydrocarbon, halocarbon ... The structure of the reservoir also aims to limit the free circulation of certain additives such as nano or microparticles, micro and nano micelles and some large molecules like the hemes. In addition to structuring with porous materials (foam, sponge, clay, ceramic, sintered), the structuring involves small units (flanges) of lmm3 to several cubic centimeters (10 cm) consisting of a membrane or hemipermeable wall. These membranes are permeable for the water (solvent) of the reservoir as well as for the dissolved gases, but impermeable for the additives stored in these units, typically the walls of these units will be membranes and filters used to carry out dialysis.   3) Process according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the reservoir will be surmounted by a cooling column opening into a tank containing soda lime capable of retaining the undissolved CO2 present in the gases of exhaust. The tank is hermetically sealed by one or more pressure valves which allow the exhaust gas to escape to the outside when the pressure of the sequestering tank becomes greater than the closing pressure of the valve or valves. The valves may contain systems of: - springs with a stiffness constant exerting a force equal to the pressure - electric or hydraulic cylinder, - plug weight ... In general any system triggering the opening of the valves as soon as the limit pressure is reached, for example, electrically actuated valve systems coupled to pressure sensors that trigger the opening of the valves for the desired pressure.   4) Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cooled exhaust gas (between 0 C and 95 C) of an internal combustion engine are injected, below or above the surface of the solvent, in a reservoir of CO2 deequestration. The pressure that prevails in the sequestering tank is greater than atmospheric pressure, with no upper limit, but typically in the range of 1 to 300 atmospheres, thus promoting the dissolution of the exhaust gas. The overpressure is generated and maintained by a pump, turbine, turbo pump ... Generally speaking by any system called compression unit able to suck the exhaust gases from the engine to compress them in the sequestration tank. CO2.   5) Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the compression unit is directly coupled or actuated by one or more gas turbines operating from the steam from the engine coolant and / or water vapor and / or the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and / or a steam / exhaust gas mixture. The steam is produced by the circulation of a fluid through the cooling stacks of an internal combustion engine and / or one or two heat exchangers fluid / exhaust gas. The heat exchanger consists of pipes (metal or metal alloys, ceramic or any other material) contiguous or nested, in which flow on the one hand, water (or other lower latent heat fluid) as water), and on the other hand the exhaust.   6) Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a heat exchanger between water / steam and the exhaust gas is combined with a catalytic exhaust pipe. The exchanger part consists of a block of aluminum, nickel or any other metal, ceramic ... (heat exchange block) pierced with a system of parallel channels in which the exhaust gases circulate. A second series of perpendicular channels (transverse channels) and interspersed with the first series allows the water to circulate in the block in a path perpendicular to that of the exhaust gas. While circulating in the heat exchange block, the water accumulates enough heat to be transformed into steam.   7) Process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the exhaust gas or the steam / exhaust gas mixture is cooled in a radiator at a temperature between (0 and 95 C ) to isolate the cold exhaust gas from the condensed water. The more complete separation of water and exhaust gases other than water vapor is obtained by sonicating (ultrasound) the condensation water from an ultrasonic source introduced into the condensation tank of the radiator. . The cooling of the exhaust gases from the air circulation between the tubes of the radiator is possibly accentuated by Peltier resistors arranged in the radiator.   8) A method according to claim 1 to 7 characterized in that the possible additional energy cost from the sequestration of CO2, in particular the cooling of gases by Peltier effect, is ensured by heating the fuel supplying the internal combustion engine by circulating it in one of the hoses of one of the heat exchangers to turn the fuel into fuel vapor. The fuel vapor and a part of the water vapor, produced at the heat exchanger, are mixed in a fuel mixer, before being injected into a reactor composed of a pipe (made of metal or alloys of metals, ceramics or any other material) whose internal walls are structured and covered with catalytic metals such as: derivatives of platinum, aluminum, titanium, chromium, etc. The reactor optionally comprises a static magnetic field or induced between 0.1 and 50 teslas. The entire reactor is included in a pipe where the heated exhaust gases circulate between 200 C and 1000 C.   9) Process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at start of the combustion engine, the compression unit which injects the exhaust gas into the CO2 sequestration tank is actuated by a generator / motor operating in electric motor mode. Once the internal combustion engine is hot enough to ensure the production of water vapor allowing the turbine (s) to operate at full speed the generator / engine is then driven by the turbine (s), operates in generator mode and provides the electricity needed to operate the Peltier resistors and the electromagnet.