FR2894874A1 - Bicycle wheel hub of composition material has tubular shell of resincoated fibres and at least one layer of fibres in form of sleeve with braided structure - Google Patents

Bicycle wheel hub of composition material has tubular shell of resincoated fibres and at least one layer of fibres in form of sleeve with braided structure Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2894874A1
FR2894874A1 FR0512836A FR0512836A FR2894874A1 FR 2894874 A1 FR2894874 A1 FR 2894874A1 FR 0512836 A FR0512836 A FR 0512836A FR 0512836 A FR0512836 A FR 0512836A FR 2894874 A1 FR2894874 A1 FR 2894874A1
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France
Prior art keywords
hub
tubular
fibers
sheath
fibres
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Granted
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FR0512836A
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French (fr)
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FR2894874B1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Baron
Jean Pierre Mercat
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Mavic SAS
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Salomon SAS
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B29C70/222Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure being shaped to form a three dimensional configuration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/443Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00Hubs
    • B60B27/02Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle
    • B60B27/023Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle specially adapted for bicycles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B5/00Wheels, spokes, disc bodies, rims, hubs, wholly or predominantly made of non-metallic material
    • B60B5/02Wheels, spokes, disc bodies, rims, hubs, wholly or predominantly made of non-metallic material made of synthetic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/3642Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
    • B29C2043/3649Inflatable bladders using gas or fluid and related details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0809Fabrics
    • B29K2105/0827Braided fabrics

Abstract

The hub, consisting of a body designed to receive a spindle, has a tubular shell of a composition material with resin-coated fibres incorporating one or more layers of fibres in the shape of at least one tubular sleeve (28, 30) with a braided structure, e.g. of carbon fibre strips. One sleeve (28) can have fibres (32) running axially, and another (30) has braided fibres lying at an angle to the axial direction. The hub shell is made in a mould closed by an expandable core formed e.g. by an inflatable bladder, and it has a flange at each end, at least one of which is made from metal.

Description

MOYEU POUR ROUE DE VELO ET PROCEDE DE REALISATIONHUB FOR BIKE WHEEL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des moyeux pour roues de velo. Dans le document FR-2.814.114 it est decrit un moyeu de roue de velo qui est realise pour l'essentiel sous la forme d'un corps en matiere plastique renforcee par des fibres. Cependant, it n'est pas explique dans ce document la maniere dont ce corps de moyeu est realise, ni surtout sur la maniere dont sont disposees et agencees les fibres de renfort. Dans le document EP-1.231.047, it est montre comment un corps de moyeu est realise en materiau composite comportant des fibres enrobees dans une resine. Les couches de fibres se presentent sous la forme des pieces de tissus en deux dimensions qui sont enroulees autour de 1'axe du corps de moyeu. Des pieces de tissus additionnelles sont par ailleurs prevues pour que certaines parties du corps soient plus renforcees que d'autres. Dans le document FR-2.855.099, it est decrit un corps de moyeu en trois parties : un fat tubulaire central en materiau composite, et deux flasques metalliques qui sont montes aux extremites longitudinales du fat pour l'accrochage des rayons. I1 n'est pas decrit en detail comment est realise le fat tubulaire en materiau composite. Dans ce cadre, l'invention a pour but de proposer une nouvelle construction d'un corps de moyeu en materiau composite qui soft a la fois facile a mettre en oeuvre, et done relativement peu chere, et qui permettent aussi d'exploiter pleinement les exceptionnelles caracteristiques 2 0 mecaniques de materiaux composites a fibres longues. Dans ce but, l'invention propose un moyeu, du type comportant un corps de moyeu tubulaire prevu pour recevoir un arbre de moyeu, et du type dans lequel le moyeu comporte une enveloppe incorporant un materiau composite comportant des fibres enrobees dans une resine, caracterise en ce que 1'enveloppe composite incorpore au moins une couche de fibres 2 5 qui est formee d'une gaine tubulaire. L'invention a aussi pour but de proposer un nouveau procede de realisation d'un corps de moyeu comportant une enveloppe incorporant un materiau composite comportant des fibres enrobees dans une resine, caracterise en ce que l'enveloppe composite incorpore au moins une couche de fibres qui est formee d'une gaine tubulaire, et en ce que le corps de moyeu est 3 0 moule dans un moule ferme a 1' aide d'un noyau expansible. D'autres caracteristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaitront a la lecture de la description detaillee qui suit, ainsi qu'a la vue des dessins annexes dans lesquels : la figure 1 est une vue schematique en coupe transversale d'un moyeu comportant un corps de moyeu selon l'invention ; 35 - la figure 2 est une vue schematique illustrant un mode de realisation d'un corps de moyeu selon l'invention ; - la figure 3 est une vue schematique en perspective illustrant deux gaines tubulaires de fibres susceptibles d'etre utilisees, ensemble ou separement, pour la realisation d'un corps de moyeu selon l'invention ; - les figures 4 a 6 sont des vues schematiques en coupe illustrant trois stapes d'un exemple d'un procede de fabrication d'un corps de moyeu selon l'invention. Les figures 1 et 2 montrent un moyeu 10 pour une roue avant comprenant un corps de moyeu 12. Le corps de moyeu 12 est un element cylindrique creux, qui est ainsi tubulaire de revolution autour d'un axe Al . Selon le mode de realisation illustre, le corps de moyeu 12 est en trois parties, deux flasques lateraux 14 prevus chacun pour 1'accrochage d'une nappe de rayons (non representss) et un fut tubulaire central 16. Les deux flasques 14 ont des logements d'accrochage 18 de rayons conformer a ce qui est decrit dans la demande de brevet FR-2.802.853. Le fat tubulaire central 16 a, dans le mode de realisation illustre, une forme de diabolo, en ce sens qu'il comporte une portion centrale de section transversale sensiblement constante et des extremites longitudinales elargies. Avantageusement les trois elements sont en des matieres differentes. Les deux flasques 14 sont ainsi par exemple en alliage d'aluminium, par exemple un alliage 6082, ou en titane, tandis que le fat tubulaire central 16 est, conformement a l'invention, en materiau composite comportant des fibres enrobees dans une resine. Les trois elements sont assembles par tout moyen approprie, par exemple par emmanchement de zones cooperantes et/ou par collage. La construction du corps de moyeu en trois parties n'est pas limitative. Notamment, les flasques 14 pourraient etre realises de maniere differente, avec une geometrie differente. 2 0 De maniere connue, le corps de moyeu 12 est monte a rotation sur un arbre 20 par 1'intermsdiaire de deux roulements 22 qui sont situes vers chacune de ses extremites. De maniere connue, 1'arbre 20 est creux pour le passage d'un axe de blocage de roue (non represents). Selon le mode de realisation illustre, les roulements sont du type roulement a bille et a 25 deux cages annulaires. La cage externe des roulements est logee dans un logement amsnage dans les flasques 14, et elles sont calees dans ce logement par un epaulement. Dans l'exemple illustre, l'arbre 20 qui porte les roulements 22 et le corps de moyeu 12 est realise en plusieurs portions, a savoir une portion centrale 24 et deux embouts d'extrsmite 26. Les roulements 22 sont montes sur des surfaces cylindriques de portee des embouts 26. Les embouts 26 sont 3 0 realises en metal, par exemple un alliage d'aluminium, de magnesium ou de titane. La portion centrale est en une matiere presentant une densite infsrieure a celle des embouts, et de preference un module de compression superieur a celui des embouts. Avantageusement la portion centrale 16 est realisee en materiau composite. Pour plus de details concernant la realisation de 1'arbre 20, et sur les avantages d'une telle construction, on pourra se reporter au 3 5 document FR-2.855.099. Selon un premier aspect de l'invention, le corps tubulaire 12 est realise de telle sorte qu'il comprend enveloppe composite comportant au moins une couche de fibres qui est formes d'une gaine tubulaire. Dans 1'exemple illustre, 1'enveloppe en materiau composite forme 1'integralite du fat tubulaire 16.  The invention relates to the field of hubs for bicycle wheels. In FR-2.814.114 it is described a bicycle wheel hub which is essentially made in the form of a body made of plastic reinforced by fibers. However, it is not explained in this document the manner in which this hub body is made, nor especially how the reinforcing fibers are arranged and arranged. In EP-1.231.047, it is shown how a hub body is made of a composite material comprising fiber coated in a resin. The fiber layers are in the form of two-dimensional fabric pieces which are wrapped around the axle of the hub body. Additional pieces of fabric are also planned so that some parts of the body are stronger than others. In FR-2,855,099, it is described a hub body in three parts: a central tubular fat composite material, and two metal flanges which are mounted at the longitudinal ends of the fat for attachment of spokes. It is not described in detail how is produced the tubular fat in composite material. In this context, the object of the invention is to propose a new construction of a hub body made of composite material which is both easy to implement and therefore relatively inexpensive, and which also makes it possible to fully exploit the outstanding mechanical characteristics of long fiber composite materials. For this purpose, the invention proposes a hub, of the type comprising a tubular hub body intended to receive a hub shaft, and of the type in which the hub comprises a casing incorporating a composite material comprising fibers coated in a resin, characterized in that the composite envelope incorporates at least one fiber layer 25 which is formed of a tubular sheath. Another object of the invention is to propose a new method for producing a hub body comprising a casing incorporating a composite material comprising fibers coated in a resin, characterized in that the composite casing incorporates at least one layer of fibers. which is formed of a tubular sheath, and in that the hub body is molded into a firm mold by means of an expandable core. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, as well as the view of the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic view in cross section of a hub comprising a body hub according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a hub body according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view illustrating two tubular sleeves of fibers that can be used, together or separately, for the production of a hub body according to the invention; - Figures 4 to 6 are schematic sectional views illustrating three steps of an example of a method of manufacturing a hub body according to the invention. Figures 1 and 2 show a hub 10 for a front wheel comprising a hub body 12. The hub body 12 is a hollow cylindrical element, which is thus tubular revolution about an axis Al. According to the embodiment illustrated, the hub body 12 is in three parts, two side plates 14 each provided for the hooking of a ray of rays (not represented) and a central tubular 16. The two flanges 14 have 18 attachment shackles of rays comply with what is described in the patent application FR-2,802,853. The central tubular fat 16 has, in the embodiment shown, a diabolo shape, in that it comprises a central portion of substantially constant cross section and extended longitudinal ends. Advantageously the three elements are in different materials. The two flanges 14 are thus for example aluminum alloy, for example an alloy 6082, or titanium, while the central tubular fat 16 is, according to the invention, a composite material comprising fiber coated in a resin. The three elements are assembled by any appropriate means, for example by fitting cooperating zones and / or by gluing. The construction of the hub body in three parts is not limiting. In particular, the flanges 14 could be made differently, with a different geometry. In known manner, the hub body 12 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 20 by means of two bearings 22 which are located towards each of its ends. As is known, the shaft 20 is hollow for the passage of a wheel locking pin (not shown). According to the illustrative embodiment, the bearings are of the ball bearing type and have two annular cages. The outer race of the bearings is housed in a housing amsnage in the flanges 14, and they are stalled in this housing by a shoulder. In the example shown, the shaft 20 which carries the bearings 22 and the hub body 12 is made in several portions, namely a central portion 24 and two extrsmite tips 26. The bearings 22 are mounted on cylindrical surfaces The ferrules 26 are made of metal, for example an alloy of aluminum, magnesium or titanium. The central portion is made of a material having a density lower than that of the end pieces, and preferably a compression modulus higher than that of the end pieces. Advantageously, the central portion 16 is made of composite material. For more details concerning the embodiment of the shaft 20, and the advantages of such a construction, reference may be made to document FR-2,855,099. According to a first aspect of the invention, the tubular body 12 is made in such a way that it comprises a composite envelope comprising at least one layer of fibers which is formed of a tubular sheath. In the example shown, the envelope of composite material forms the integrality of the tubular fat 16.

On a illustre a la figure 3 un mode de realisation d'une telle enveloppe dans lequel 1'enveloppe comporte deux couches de fibres formees chacune d'une gaine tubulaire. On peut ainsi voir un troncon d'une gaine tubulaire interne 28 qui est destinee a are agencee radialement a 1'interieur d'une gaine tubulaire externe 30, les deux gaines etant destinees a titre agencees coaxialement autour de 1axe Al . La gaine tubulaire interne 28 illustree schematiquement a la figure 3 est par exemple une gaine de type unidirectionnelle de fils de carbone. Les fils de carbone, dont 1'epaisseur peut titre aussi petite que 8 microns, sont agences parallelement en rubans plats 32 regroupant plusieurs milliers de fils de carbone. Pour former la gaine unidirectionnelle, on dispose un certains nombres de rubans cotes a cotes selon un tube, les rubans 32 etant lies entre eux par des fils de liaisons peripheriques 34. A titre d'exemple, on pourra utiliser une tresse formee de 24 rubans contenant chacun environ 12000 fils de carbone, les rubans etant disposes selon un tube d'axe Al de 25 mm de diametre. Les rubans 32 et les fils qu'ils contiennent sont orientes selon la direction de 1axe Al. Les fils de liaison 34 sont par exemple des fils de polyamide de 178 dtex qui sont enroulees en helice en passant alternativement sur un ruban 32 et sous le ruban 32 adjacent, les fils de liaisons 34 etant par exemples orientes de maniere a former un angle respectivement de +40 degres et û 40 degres d'angle avec la direction de 1axe Al. Dans le cas de cette gaine tubulaire de rubans unidirectionnels, les fils de liaison 34 assurent la cohesion de la gaine de fils. La masse lineique de cette gaine est de l'ordre de 20 grammes par metre. Une telle gaine n' est pas a proprement parler une gaine tressee car les fibres (en l'occurrence de carbone) qui servent de renfort au sein du materiau composite sont toutes orientees dans le meme sens et ne sont pas tressees entre elles. Les fils de liaison 34, bien qu'etant lies aux rubans de fibres selon un tressage, ne participent pas de maniere determinante a la resistance mecanique.  FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of such an envelope in which the envelope comprises two fiber layers each formed of a tubular sheath. It is thus possible to see a section of an inner tubular sheath 28 which is intended to be arranged radially inside an outer tubular sheath 30, the two sheaths being intended as coaxially arranged around the Al axis. The inner tubular sheath 28 schematically illustrated in Figure 3 is for example a sheath of unidirectional type of carbon son. The carbon son, whose thickness may be as small as 8 microns, are arranged parallel flat ribbons 32 comprising several thousand carbon son. To form the unidirectional sheath, there are a number of ribs rated dimensions according to a tube, the ribbons 32 being interconnected by son of peripheral links 34. For example, we can use a braid formed of 24 ribbons each containing about 12000 carbon threads, the tapes being arranged in a 25 mm diameter Al axis tube. The ribbons 32 and the threads they contain are oriented in the direction of Al axis. The connecting threads 34 are, for example, 178 dtex polyamide yarns which are helically wound alternately on a ribbon 32 and under the ribbon. 32, the connecting wires 34 being for example oriented so as to form an angle of +40 degrees and 40 degrees of angle respectively with the direction of Al axis. In the case of this tubular sheath of unidirectional ribbons, the son linkages 34 ensure the cohesion of the wire sheath. The linear mass of this sheath is of the order of 20 grams per meter. Such a sheath is not strictly speaking a braided sheath because the fibers (in this case carbon) which serve as reinforcement within the composite material are all oriented in the same direction and are not braided together. The connecting threads 34, while being bonded to the fiber ribbons according to a braiding, do not participate in a manner determining the mechanical strength.

La gaine tubulaire externe 30 illustree a la figure 3 est par exemple une gaine de rubans tresses a 45 , avec une premiere series de 12 rubans paralleles 36 orientes a + 45 degres par rapport a la direction de 1'axe Al et entrelaces avec les rubans 38 d'une deuxieme serie de 12 rubans orientes A. -45 degres par rapport A. la direction de 1axe Al. Une telle gaine, realisee par exemple avec des rubans 36, 38 d'environ 6000 fils de carbone, peut titre tressee pour former 3 0 un tube d'environ 25 mm de diametre nominal et presentant une masse lineique de 1'ordre de 45 grammes par metre. Dans le cas ou deux gaines sont utilisees de maniere coaxiale, on pourra profiter de la deformabilite radiale de la gaine externe pour que les deux gaines puissent titre enfilees axialement I'une a 1'interieur de 1'autre. 35 Les deux gaines superposees coaxialement sont de preference des gaines seches >>, non pre-impregnees de resine. L'enveloppe tubulaire du corps de moyeu selon 1'invention sera avantageusement obtenu selon un procede de type RTM (Resin Transfer Moulding) Bans lequel les fibres seches sont introduites dans un moule ferme, une resine etant injectee sous pression dans le moule pour impregner les fibres tout en prenant la configuration du moule, ceci dans des conditions de temperature(s), de pression(s) et selon un cycle temporel adaptes aux materiaux specifiquement utilises et a la geometrie de la piece. Un exemple d'un tel type de procede est illustre de maniere tres schematique aux figures 4 a 6. Selon un autre aspect, 1'enveloppe tubulaire 16 du corps de moyeu 12 est moulee dans un moule 40 en utilisant un noyau expansible 41. Plus precisement, ce noyau 41 comporte une vessie gonflable 42, mais d'autres types de noyaux expansibles pourraient etre utilisees. Le moule 40 comporte par exemple deux demi-moules mobiles 44 dans les faces en regard desquels sont amenagees deux demi-cavites 46 dont les surfaces forment, lorsque le moule est ferme (Figures 5 et 6), une cavite correspondant a la surface externe de 1'enveloppe tubulaire 16. Comme on peut le voir sur les figures, le noyau 41 du moule 40 comporte une tige centrale 48. Cette tige 48 est cylindrique de revolution et presente des renflements 50 de telle sorte que sa surface externe soit geometriquement proche de la geometrie finale de la face interne du 1'enveloppe tubulaire 16, sans pour autant suivre cette geometrie finale. La vessie 42 est montee de maniere etanche autour de la tige 48, avec toutefois une extremite 52 de la tige 48 qui sort hors de la vessie. L'extremite 52 de la tige est destinee a assurer le positionnement et le maintien de la tige a 1'interieur de la cavite du moule 40 lorsque celui-ci est ferme. Elie est aussi destinee a etre raccordee a un circuit d'alimentation en fluide sous pression (non represents) pour distribuer cet air a 1'interieur de la vessie par 1'intermediaire d'une serie de canalisations de repartition 54 qui sont amenagees dans la tige et qui debouchent dans la surface externe de la tige 48, a 1'interieur de la vessie 42. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, la ou les couches de fibres (dont notamment la ou les gaines tubulaires de fibres 28, 30 selon l'invention) sont disposees autour du noyau 41, done autour de la vessie 42. Concernant, la ou les gaines 28, 30, celles-ci sont done enfilees axialement autour du noyau 41. De preference, la couche de fibres sera disposee sur une longueur de noyau superieure a la longueur de la piece, cette derniere etant ensuite destinee a etre mise a longueur par une operation de finition. Le noyau 41 est bien entendu alors dans un 3 0 etat de repos dans lequel la vessie n'est pas gonflee 42. Comme illustre a la figure 5, le moule 40 est referme de maniere etanche autour du noyau 41. Le noyau etant au repos, it subsiste un espace libre entre les parois de la cavite du moule et le noyau. Une resine est alors injectee dans le moule au travers d'un circuit d'injection 56, avec ou sans assistance d'une source de vide. Dans la mesure ou 1'espace libre dans le moule 35 est alors tres important, la resine penetre tres facilement dans la cavite et peut impregner tres facilement 1'ensemble des couches de tissus, jusqu'a saturation. L'injection peut se faire en un point (tel qu'illustre schematiquement), en plusieurs points, selon une ligne d'injection, etc... Diverses resines peuvent etre utilisees, notamment en fonction de la nature des fibres, et en fonction des caracteristiques mecaniques et du cofit vises pour la piece finale. A titre d'exemple, on pourra utiliser une resine epoxy a faible viscosite et polymerisation a chaud tel que celle commercialisee sous la marque Araldite LY 564 >>. Une fois 1'espace libre rempli de resine, on injecte le fluide sous pression a 1'interieur de la vessie 42 (c.f. Figure 6), laquelle se gonfle et vient plaquer les couches de fibres avec la resine 5 contre la paroi de la cavite du moule. Les conditions de pression, de temperature et de dui-6e sont choisies pour permettre la prise de forme puis le durcissement du materiau composite comportant les fibres et la resine. On pourra prevoir des moyens pour evacuer un eventuel trop-plein de resine. Un tel procede de moulage permet d'obtenir une geometrie tres precise de la piece finale, avec un excellent etat de surface externe, en limitant les risques de mauvaises impregnation de fibres et le risques de formation de bulles d'air qui peuvent etre prejudiciables a la resistance mecanique de la piece finale. 11 est apparu que l'utilisation d'une gaine de fibres tubulaires etait particulierement adaptee a un procede de fabrication dans lequel est utilise un noyau expansible 41, tel que celui qui vient d'etre decrit ou tel que ceux decrits dans le document EP-1.231.047. En effet, lors de 1'expansion du mandrin, les fibres sont deplacees sous la forme d'une expansion radiale. Or, it est apparu que, lors d'une telle expansion radiale, les fibres sont amenees a se repositionner dans le moule pour se mettre en conformite avec la forme de la cavite. Avec des fibres organisees en gaine tubulaire, la gaine conserve une cohesion et done une repartition reguliere et homogene des fibres tout autour de la piece, sans qu'il n'y ait de risque de deplacements intempestifs qui pourraient generer un manque de fibres dans une zone particuliere de la piece. De ce point de vue, une gaine tubulaire tressee telle que celle 30 decrite et illustree A. la figure 3 s'adapte particulierement bien lors de 1'expansion radiale du noyau, notamment par le biais d'une variation de 1'angle de tressage des rubans 36, 38. Cet avantage prend tout son relief lorsque la piece, comme c'est le cas de 1'enveloppe 16 decrite ci-dessus, est un corps tubulaire presentant des variations de section non negligeables. L'utilisation d'une gaine tressee est done particulierement avantageuse pour la fabrication de pieces de geometrie complexe. L'utilisation d'une couche de fibres realisees sous la forme d'une gaine tubulaire est particulierement avantageuse en ce sens que la couche de fibres est repartie de maniere equilibree tout autour de 1'axe Al, au contraire de ce qui se passe dans fart anterieur ou les couches de fibres sont realisees sous la forme pieces de tissus enroulees autour de 1'axe. En effet, dans fart anterieur, on obtient, au niveau des bords des pieces, des discontinuites dans la quantite de fibres entre les zones de chevauchement et celles ou it n'y a pas chevauchement.  The outer tubular sheath 30 illustrated in FIG. 3 is for example a sheath of braided ribbons at 45, with a first series of 12 parallel ribbons 36 oriented at + 45 degrees with respect to the direction of the axis Al and interlaced with the ribbons. 38 of a second series of 12 ribbons oriented A. -45 degrees relative to the direction of Al axis. Such a sheath, made for example with ribbons 36, 38 of about 6000 carbon threads, can be braided for forming a tube of about 25 mm nominal diameter and having a line mass of the order of 45 grams per meter. In the case where two sheaths are used in a coaxial manner, it will be possible to take advantage of the radial deformability of the outer sheath so that the two sheaths can be slipped axially one inside the other. The two coaxially superimposed sheaths are preferably dry sheaths, not pre-impregnated with resin. The tubular casing of the hub body according to the invention will advantageously be obtained according to a method of RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) type B in which the dry fibers are introduced into a firm mold, a resin being injected under pressure into the mold to impregnate the fibers while taking the configuration of the mold, this under conditions of temperature (s), pressure (s) and a time cycle suitable for the materials specifically used and the geometry of the piece. An example of such a type of process is illustrated very schematically in Figures 4 to 6. In another aspect, the tubular casing 16 of the hub body 12 is molded into a mold 40 using an expandable core 41. More Specifically, this core 41 has an inflatable bladder 42, but other types of expandable nuclei could be used. The mold 40 comprises, for example, two movable half-molds 44 in the opposite faces of which two half-cavities 46 are formed whose surfaces form, when the mold is firm (FIGS. 5 and 6), a cavity corresponding to the external surface of the mold. The tubular casing 16. As can be seen in the figures, the core 41 of the mold 40 comprises a central rod 48. This rod 48 is cylindrical of revolution and has bulges 50 so that its outer surface is geometrically close to the final geometry of the inner face of the tubular envelope 16, without following this final geometry. The bladder 42 is mounted tightly around the rod 48, but with an end 52 of the rod 48 coming out of the bladder. The end 52 of the rod is intended to ensure the positioning and maintenance of the rod inside the cavity of the mold 40 when it is closed. Elie is also intended to be connected to a pressurized fluid supply circuit (not shown) for dispensing this air into the interior of the bladder through a series of distribution lines 54 which are provided in the rod and which open into the outer surface of the rod 48, inside the bladder 42. As can be seen in Figure 4, the fiber layer or layers (including the tubular or fiber tubular sleeves 28, According to the invention) are arranged around the core 41, thus around the bladder 42. Concerning the sleeve or sheaths 28, 30, they are thus threaded axially around the core 41. Preferably, the layer of fibers will be disposed over a core length greater than the length of the piece, the latter being then intended to be lengthened by a finishing operation. The core 41 is then of course in a resting state in which the bladder is not swollen 42. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the mold 40 is closed tightly around the core 41. The core being at rest there remains a free space between the walls of the cavity of the mold and the core. A resin is then injected into the mold through an injection circuit 56, with or without assistance from a vacuum source. Since the free space in the mold is then very important, the resin penetrates very easily into the cavity and can very easily impregnate all the layers of tissue, until saturation. The injection can be done at a point (as schematically illustrated), at several points, along an injection line, etc. Various resins can be used, especially depending on the nature of the fibers, and depending mechanical and cost characteristics for the final piece. By way of example, it will be possible to use a low viscosity epoxy resin and hot polymerization such as that marketed under the trademark Araldite LY 564. Once the free space filled with resin, the pressurized fluid is injected inside the bladder 42 (see FIG. 6), which inflates and presses the fiber layers with the resin 5 against the wall of the cavity. of the mold. The conditions of pressure, temperature and dui-6e are chosen to allow the shaping and hardening of the composite material comprising the fibers and the resin. Means may be provided to evacuate any overflow of resin. Such a molding process makes it possible to obtain a very precise geometry of the final piece, with an excellent external surface state, by limiting the risks of poor impregnation of fibers and the risk of the formation of air bubbles which may be detrimental to the the mechanical resistance of the final piece. It has been found that the use of a tubular fiber sheath is particularly adapted to a manufacturing process in which an expandable core 41, such as that just described or such as those described in EP-A, is used. 1231047. Indeed, during the expansion of the mandrel, the fibers are displaced in the form of a radial expansion. Now, it has been found that, during such radial expansion, the fibers are caused to reposition themselves in the mold in order to conform to the shape of the cavity. With fibers organized in tubular sheath, the sheath maintains a cohesion and thus a regular and homogeneous distribution of the fibers all around the piece, without there being any risk of inadvertent movements which could generate a lack of fibers in a particular area of the room. From this point of view, a braided tubular sheath such as that described and illustrated in FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for the radial expansion of the core, particularly by means of a variation of the braiding angle. Tapes 36, 38. This advantage takes all its relief when the piece, as is the case of the envelope 16 described above, is a tubular body having non-negligible sectional variations. The use of a braided sheath is therefore particularly advantageous for the manufacture of pieces of complex geometry. The use of a layer of fibers made in the form of a tubular sheath is particularly advantageous in that the fiber layer is distributed in a balanced manner around the axis Al, contrary to what happens in Prior art or fiber layers are made in the form of pieces of tissue wrapped around the axis. In fact, in the prior art, at the edges of the pieces, there are discontinuities in the amount of fibers between the areas of overlap and those where there is no overlap.

Pour que de telles discontinuites ne forment pas des zones fragiles, it est necessaire dans fart anterieur, d'augmenter la quantite de matiere, done le poids de la piece. Au contraire, grace a l'invention, la symetrie de revolution quasi-parfaite de la repartition des fibres permet d'optimiser la quantite de matiere pour obtenir la solidite et la raideur requises. 6  In order for such discontinuities not to form fragile areas, it is necessary in the prior art to increase the quantity of material and thus the weight of the piece. On the contrary, thanks to the invention, the symmetry of near-perfect revolution of the distribution of the fibers makes it possible to optimize the quantity of material to obtain the required solidity and stiffness. 6

Par ailleurs, dans fart anterieur, it est necessaire de dessiner des pieces de tissus aux contours complexes, de le decouper avec precision, et de les disposer avec tout autant de precision sur le noyau du moule pour que la matiere soft repartie correctement dans les portions des sections differentes. Au contraire, avec la construction et le procede selon 1'invention, la preparation des fibres se resume a decouper la longueur adequate de gaine, ce qui diminue bien entendu la dui-6e du procede de fabrication et son cont. L'exemple a ete decrit avec deux couches de fibres sous forme de couches tubulaires. Cependant, l'invention peut aussi etre mise en oeuvre avec un autre nombre de couches en forme de gaines. Ces gaines peuvent etre utilisees seules ou en combinaison avec d'autres forme de presentation de renfort fibreux (tissus plats, mats non-tissus). Dans l'exemple illustre, les fibres des deux gaines tubulaires sont exclusivement de fibres de carbone. Cependant, d'autres materiaux fibres peuvent etre utilises (verre, polyaramide, metal, ceramiques etc...). Une meme gaine tubulaire peut d'ailleurs comporter des fibres (ou rubans de fibres) de natures differentes. De meme, d'autres orientations des fibres et d'autres formes de tressage pourraient etre prevues. Dans les exemples mentionnes plus haut, des gaines unidirectionnelles et bidirectionnelles sont montrees. On pourrait aussi avoir des gaines tridirectionnelles, avec trois directions principales d'orientations des fibres (voire plus). De meme, dans le cas de gaines tressees, differentes armures de tressage pourraient etre utilisees.  Moreover, in the prior art, it is necessary to draw pieces of fabrics with complex contours, to cut it accurately, and to have them with just as much precision on the core of the mold so that the soft material distributed correctly in the portions different sections. On the contrary, with the construction and the process according to the invention, the preparation of the fibers is reduced to cutting the adequate length of sheath, which of course decreases the dui-6e of the manufacturing process and its cont. The example has been described with two layers of fibers in the form of tubular layers. However, the invention can also be implemented with another number of layers in the form of sheaths. These sheaths can be used alone or in combination with other forms of fibrous reinforcement presentation (flat tissues, non-tissue mats). In the example shown, the fibers of the two tubular sleeves are exclusively carbon fibers. However, other fiber materials can be used (glass, polyaramid, metal, ceramics etc ...). The same tubular sheath may also comprise fibers (or fiber ribbons) of different natures. Likewise, other fiber orientations and other forms of braiding could be provided. In the examples mentioned above, unidirectional and bidirectional ducts are shown. One could also have three-way sheaths, with three main directions of fiber orientations (or more). Similarly, in the case of braided sleeves, different weave braids could be used.

Claims (13)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Moyeu pour une roue de velo, du type comportant un corps de moyeu (12) prevu pour recevoir un arbre de moyeu, et du type dans lequel le corps de moyeu (12) comporte une enveloppe tubulaire (16) incorporant un materiau composite comportant des fibres enrobees dans une resine, caracterise en ce que 1'enveloppe tubulaire (16) incorpore au moins une couche de fibres qui est formee d'une gaine tubulaire (28, 30).  A hub for a bicycle wheel, of the type comprising a hub body (12) intended to receive a hub shaft, and of the type in which the hub body (12) comprises a tubular casing (16) incorporating a composite material. comprising fibers embedded in a resin, characterized in that the tubular casing (16) incorporates at least one layer of fibers which is formed of a tubular sheath (28, 30). 2. Moyeu selon la revendication 1, caracterise en ce que la gaine tubulaire (30) presente une structure tressee dans laquelle au moins deux series de fibres (36, 38) sont assemblees et forment un angle de tressage par rapport a une direction axiale de la gaine.  2. Hub according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular sheath (30) has a braided structure in which at least two sets of fibers (36, 38) are assembled and form a braiding angle with respect to an axial direction of sheath. 3. Moyeu selon la revendication 1, caracterise en ce que la gaine tubulaire (28) comporte des fibres (32) agencees selon la direction axiale de la gaine.  3. Hub according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular sheath (28) comprises fibers (32) arranged in the axial direction of the sheath. 4. Moyeu selon 1'une quelconque des revendications precedentes, caracterise en ce que la gaine tubulaire (28, 30) comporte une serie de rubans (32, 36, 38) de fibres paralleles, lesdits rubans etant assembles sous la forme d'une gaine tubulaire.  Hub according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular sheath (28, 30) comprises a series of ribbons (32, 36, 38) of parallel fibers, said ribbons being assembled in the form of a tubular sheath. 5. Moyeu selon rune quelconque des revendications precedentes, caracterise en ce que 1'enveloppe tubulaire (16) comporte plusieurs gaines tubulaires (28, 30) coaxiales.  5. Hub according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular casing (16) comprises a plurality of coaxial tubular sleeves (28, 30). 6. Moyeu selon 1'une quelconque des revendications precedentes, caracterise en ce que 2 5 1'enveloppe tubulaire (16) comporte une portion centrale de section transversale sensiblement constante et des extremites longitudinales elargies.  Hub according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular casing (16) has a central portion of substantially constant cross-section and extended longitudinal ends. 7 Moyeu selon rune quelconque des revendications precedentes, caracterise en ce que le corps de moyeu (12) comporte, a chaque extremite longitudinale de 1'enveloppe tubulaire 3 0 (16), un flasque (14).Hub according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hub body (12) has, at each longitudinal end of the tubular casing 30 (16), a flange (14). 8. Moyeu selon la revendication 7, caracterise en ce que Fun au moins des flasques (14) est realise en materiau metallique. 358. Hub according to claim 7, characterized in that at least the flanges (14) is made of metal material. 35 9. Moyeu selon rune quelconque des revendications precedentes, caracterise en ce que 1'enveloppe tubulaire (16) presente une epaisseur sensiblement constante.9. Hub according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular casing (16) has a substantially constant thickness. 10. Procede de realisation d'un corps de moyeu (12) comportant une enveloppe tubulaire (16) incorporant un materiau composite comportant des fibres enrollees dans une resine, 10 8 caracterise en ce que 1'enveloppe tubulaire incorpore (16) au moins une couche de fibres qui est formee d'une gaine tubulaire (28, 30), et en ce que 1'enveloppe tubulaire (16) est moulee dans un moule ferme a l'aide d'un noyau expansible (41).10. A method of producing a hub body (12) having a tubular casing (16) incorporating a composite material comprising resin-coated fibers, characterized in that the tubular casing incorporates (16) at least one fiber layer which is formed of a tubular sheath (28, 30), and in that the tubular casing (16) is molded into a firm mold by means of an expandable core (41). 11. Procede selon la revendication 10, caracterise en ce que le noyau expansible (41) comporte une vessie gonflable (42).11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the expandable core (41) comprises an inflatable bladder (42). 12. Procede selon 1'une des revendications 10 ou 11, caracterise en ce que la resine est injectee dans le moule avant que ne soit provoquee 1'expansion du noyau (41).12. Method according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the resin is injected into the mold before the expansion of the core (41) is caused. 13. Roue comportant une jante, un moyeu, et des rayons reliant le moyeu a la roue, caracterisee en ce que le moyeu est conforme a rune quelconque des revendications 1 a 9.13. A wheel having a rim, a hub, and spokes connecting the hub to the wheel, characterized in that the hub is in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 9.
FR0512836A 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 HUB FOR BIKE WHEEL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Expired - Fee Related FR2894874B1 (en)

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Cited By (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2279074B1 (en) * 2008-05-15 2012-11-07 MT Aerospace AG Method of manufacturing an integral hollow component consisting of a fibre composite material
WO2009138203A2 (en) 2008-05-15 2009-11-19 Mt Aerospace Ag Integral hollow component consisting of a fibre composite material
US20120312848A1 (en) * 2011-05-20 2012-12-13 Jac Products, Inc. Advanced Composite Vehicle Article Carrier Component And Method Of Making Same
DE102012004942A1 (en) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-12 Munich Composites Gmbh Process for producing a preform and a fiber composite prefabricated component produced therefrom
EP2650094A1 (en) 2012-03-12 2013-10-16 Munich Composites GmbH Method for producing a preform
DE102012004942B4 (en) * 2012-03-12 2014-02-20 Munich Composites Gmbh Process for producing a preform and a fiber composite prefabricated component produced therefrom
EP2653294A1 (en) * 2012-04-21 2013-10-23 Shu-Wei Lin Manufacturing method and structure of bicycle wheel hub
WO2014183939A1 (en) * 2013-05-16 2014-11-20 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Method for producing a rotationally symmetrical fibre-plastic composite component, device for carrying out a method of this kind, and rotationally symmetrical fibre-plastic composite component
US10307975B2 (en) 2015-07-17 2019-06-04 Rohr, Inc. Resin-infusion process for composites manufacturing
CN106671443A (en) * 2015-11-05 2017-05-17 空中巴士运营有限公司 Method, forming and injection tool for manufacturing aperture surrounding frame for aircraft fuselage, and the frame obtained thereof
CN109153195A (en) * 2016-05-11 2019-01-04 康蒂泰克Mgw有限公司 Method for manufacturing pressurizing air tracheae
EP3628476A3 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-07-22 The Boeing Company System and method for manufacturing composite structures
US11135783B2 (en) 2018-09-26 2021-10-05 The Boeing Company System and method for manufacturing composite structures
US11135784B2 (en) 2018-09-26 2021-10-05 The Boeing Company System and method for manufacturing composite structures
NL2021878B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-05-13 Boeing Co System and method for manufacturing composite structures
RU2750803C1 (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-07-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева - КАИ" Method for transfer moulding of profile-type parts
WO2023012222A1 (en) * 2021-08-04 2023-02-09 Itrec B.V. Assembly and method for manufacturing composite pipes
NL2028918B1 (en) * 2021-08-04 2023-02-17 Itrec Bv Assembly and method for manufacturing composite tubulars

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