FR2890078A1 - Fluid additive composition for lubricating composition, comprises dispersant(s) obtained by reacting hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent(s) and amine(s), and containing terminal vinylidene - Google Patents

Abstract

A fluid additive composition comprises dispersant(s) comprising terminal vinylidene (more than or equal to 50%). The dispersant is a reaction product of hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent(s) and amine(s). Independent claims are included for the following: (1) lubricating composition, which comprises fluid additive composition; (2) vehicle, which comprises transmission including lubricating composition; (3) method for improving storage stability of lubricating composition, which involves adding fluid additive composition to lubricating composition; (4) fuel composition, which comprises base fuel of large amount, and fluid additive composition of less amount; (5) engine combusting the fluid additive composition or fuel composition; and (6) actuated injector contacting the fuel additive composition or fuel composition.

Description

The present disclosure relates to a fluid additive composition comprising

  an effective stabilizing amount of at least one dispersant comprising an amount greater than or equal to 50% of terminal vinylidene, wherein said

  less a dispersant is a reaction product of at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one amine. The fluid additive composition can be added to lubricant and fuel compositions to improve, for example, stability.

  Additive formulations can be used to prepare finished fuels and lubricants, including fluids for automatic transmissions. If the constituents in the formulation are not compatible, the formulation may undergo phase separation or show signs of non-homogeneity. For example, the formulations are produced and then transported to remote locations where they are usually stored until used. The combined transit and storage times may be equal to months or years.

  In order to properly formulate the fuel or lubricant, the additive formulation must be storage stable and remain homogeneous, or at least substantially homogeneous, with all components present in solution. Some dispersants and viscosity index improvers pose stability problems, such as separation when both types are incorporated into the additive formulation. Accordingly, there is a need for additive compositions having satisfactory stability.

  According to various embodiments, there is provided a fluid additive composition comprising an effective stabilizing amount of at least one dispersant comprising an amount equal to or greater than 50% of terminal vinylidene, wherein said dispersant is a reaction product of at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one amine.

  Additional objectives and advantages of the memory will appear in part in the following description, and will be partly apparent from the description, or it is possible to become acquainted with it by putting the memory into practice. The objectives and advantages of the memory will be realized and achieved by means of the elements and combinations particularly emphasized in the appended claims.

  It must be understood that the general description

  The foregoing and the following detailed description are merely illustrative and explanatory and do not limit the description of the present specification in the manner claimed.

  According to the present specification, there is provided a fluid additive composition comprising an effective stabilizing amount of at least one dispersant comprising an amount of 50% or more of terminal vinylidene, wherein said dispersant is a reaction product of minus a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one amine.

  The dispersant described herein may include acylated amines, i.e., a reaction product of at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, for example, hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agents, and at least one amine. characterized by the presence in its structure of at least one amino nitrogen atom. The acylated amine may be prepared in a manner well known by reacting a stoichiometric excess of said at least one amine with at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent. That is, more than about 1 equivalent of said at least one amine can be reacted with each carboxylic acid equivalent of said at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent. In some embodiments, an amount of from about 1.0 to about 8, e.g. from about 1.2 to about 7, and by way of further example from about 1.4 to about 6 equivalents of said less than one amine can be reacted with each equivalent of carboxylic groups of said at least one acylating agent.

  Said at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent used to prepare said at least one dispersant can be essentially a polyolefin, having the polydispersity and other characteristics described below; in general, this agent has a number average molecular weight of from about 600 to about 5000, for example from about 700 to about 3000, and as a further example from about 800 to about 2500. The hydrocarbyl group can polyalkene derivative, comprising homopolymers and interpolymers of olefinic monomers, having from about 2 to about 16, e.g. about 4 to about 6 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the polyalkene may be polyisobutene.

  The polymers useful in the preparation of the dispersants of the present invention may be polyisobutylenes having an Mn greater than about 300. For C4 isobutylene, this corresponds to an average degree of polymerization (dp) of about 5.3. . The Mn value of the polyisobutylene may be at least about 500, for example from about 1000 to 5000, and as a further example from about 2000 to about 5000. Polymers, whether polyisobutylenes or other polyolefins may not have a low molecular weight fraction. That is, they may comprise less than about 10%, for example less than about 5%, and by way of further example less than about 3% by weight of a fraction having a number average molecular weight less than about 5% by weight. about 350, for example less than about 500, and as a further example less than about 800 units.

  Such substances may be useful when used in reactions to alkylate maleic anhydride and for further derivatization to form the dispersants described herein. In addition to polyisobutylenes, other C2 to C30 olefins and derivatives thereof may be used in the invention, as may styrene and its derivatives, conjugated dienes such as butadiene and isoprene, and non-conjugated polyenes.

  Useful polymers can be derived from C2 to C12 olefinic monomers, their mixtures and derivatives. In this terminology, styrene and its derivatives represent a C 2 olefin substituted with a phenyl group. In one embodiment, the polymers may be terminal vinylidene, for example, a-vinylidene represented by the following general formula: wherein R may be H or a hydrocarbon group.

  In one embodiment, a polyisobutylene having a high concentration of terminal vinylidene, for example a concentration greater than or equal to 50% of terminal vinylidene, may be used. It is believed, without being limited by any particular theory, that polymers comprising a high concentration of terminal vinylidene may be more reactive than polymers comprising a low terminal vinylidene concentration, for example a concentration of less than 50%.

  Useful olefinic monomers from which the polyolefins described herein may be derived include, but are not limited to, polymerizable olefinic monomers characterized by the presence of at least one unsaturated double bond, which means that they may be mono-olefinic monomers. such as ethylene, propylene, butene-1, isobutylene and octene-1 or polyolefinic monomers (usually diolefinic monomers) such as 1,3-butadiene and isoprene). In one embodiment, the monomer may be isobutylene.

  These olefinic monomers may be polymerizable terminal olefins; that is to say olefins characterized by the presence in their structure of the group --R'-CH = CH2, in which R 'may represent H or a hydrocarbyl group. However, polymerizable internal olefinic monomers (sometimes referred to in the patent literature as middle olefins) characterized by the presence in their structure of the group can also be used to form polyalkenes. When internal olefinic monomers are used, they are usually used with terminal olefins to produce polyalkenes which are interpolymers. For purposes of this specification, when a particular polymerized olefinic monomer can be classified in both terminal olefins and internal olefins, it will be considered to be a terminal olefin. Thus, for example, it is believed that pentadien-1,3 (i.e., piperylene) is a terminal olefin for purposes of this specification.

  Although the polyalkenes used herein may be hydrocarbon polyalkenes, they may include substituted hydrocarbon groups such as lower alkoxy and carbonyl groups, provided that the non-hydrocarbon moieties do not substantially interfere with the functionalization reactions described herein. In one embodiment, these substituted hydrocarbon groups can not usually represent more than 10% by weight of the total weight of the polyalkenes. Since the polyalkene may include such non-hydrocarbon substituents, it is apparent that the olefinic monomers from which the polyalkenes may be prepared may also contain such substituents. However, usually for practical and cost reasons, olefinic monomers and polyalkenes may be free of non-hydrocarbon groups (as used herein, the term "lower" when used with a chemical group, for example in the term "lower alkyl" or "lower alkoxy" is meant to denote groups having up to seven carbon atoms).

  While the polyolefins useful herein may include aromatic groups (such as phenyl groups and lower alkyl and / or lower alkoxy substituted phenyl groups such as the para (tert-butyl) phenyl group) and cycloaliphatic groups such as would be obtained from polymerizable cyclic olefins or cycloaliphatic-substituted polymerizable acrylic olefins, polyalkenes can usually be free of such groups. Again, as aromatic groups and cycloaliphatic groups may be present, the olefinic monomers from which the polyalkenes are prepared may contain aromatic groups and cycloaliphatic groups.

  Specific examples of terminal olefinic monomers and internal olefinic monomers that can be used to prepare the polyalkenes described herein include propylene, butene-1, butene-2, isobutylene, pentene-1, hexene-1, and the like. , Heptene-1, octene1, nonene-1, decene-1, pentene-2, propylene tetramer, diisobutylene, isobutylene trimer, 1,2-butadiene, butadiene 1,3,2-pentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, isoprene, 1,5-hexadiene, 2-chloro-1,2-butadiene, 2-methyl-heptene-1, 3-cyclohexyl-butene-1, 2-methyl-5-propyl-hexene-1, pentene-3, octene-4, 3,3-dimethylpentene-1, styrene, 2,4- dichlorostyrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl acetate, allyl alcohol, 1-methyl vinyl acetate, vinyl ethyl ether and methyl vinyl ketone.

  Of these, the hydrocarbon polymerizable monomers may be used in one embodiment. For example, among these hydrocarbon monomers, the terminal olefinic monomers may be used in another embodiment.

  Useful polymers formed herein may include, but are not limited to, alpha-olefin homopolymers and interpolymers, and ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers and terpolymers. Specific examples of polyalkenes include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polybutene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, an ethylene-butene copolymer, a propylene-butene copolymer, a styrene-isobutylene copolymer, an isobutylene-butadiene-1 copolymer , 3, a propene-isoprene copolymer, an isobutylenechloroprene copolymer, an isobutylene-(para-methyl) styrene copolymer, a hexene-1 copolymer with 1,3-hexadiene, an octene-1 copolymer, a copolymer 3,3-dimethyl-pentene-1 with hexene-1 and a terpolymer of isobutylene, styrene and piperylene. More specific examples of these interpolymers include, but are not limited to, a copolymer of 95% (by weight) isobutylene with 5% (by weight) styrene, a terpolymer of 98% isobutylene with 1% piperylene and 1% chloroprene, a terpolymer of 95% isobutylene with 2% butene-1 and 3% hexene-1, a terpolymer of 60% isobutylene with 20% pentene-1 and 20% of octene-1, a terpolymer of 90% isobutylene with 2% cyclohexene and 8% propylene and a copolymer of 80% ethylene and 20% propylene. The U.S. Patent No. 5,334,775 discloses polyolefinic polymers of many types and their monomer precursors and is hereby incorporated by reference for this purpose.

description.

  The relative amounts of terminal units in conventional polyisobutylenes and polyisobutylenes with high vinylidene content can be determined from 1 H-NMR spectra established using a 500 MHz Bruker AMX apparatus and UXNMRP software for spectrum development. The molecular weight of the polymers can be determined by GPC on a WATERS '2000 apparatus operating with a tetrahydrofuran solvent (mobile phase). A known polyisobutylene can be used as a reference sample. The values of Mn (average number of molecular weight) and M (average weight of molecular weight) can be determined from the comparative results of elution volumes. The molecular weight values of the polymers may vary depending on the degree of polymerization (dp) of this polymer. The range of dp can range from about 6 to about 350 or even more.

  The hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents described herein can be prepared by reacting at least one of the polyalkenes described above with at least one unsaturated carboxylic reagent. The unsaturated carboxylic reagents may comprise unsaturated carboxylic acids per se and functional derivatives thereof, such as anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, salts, acyl halides and nitriles. Unsaturated carboxylic reagents include mono-, di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids. Examples of useful unsaturated monoacids include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, and 2-phenylpropenoic acid. Unsaturated polycarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, maleic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid and citraconic acid; their anhydrides can be used. For example, in one embodiment, it is possible to use maleic anhydride. Reactive equivalents of these anhydrides include, but are not limited to, the aforementioned derivatives, for example, acids, esters, half-esters, amides, imides, salts, acyl halides and nitriles, which may also serve as acylating agents. Another suitable acid may be glyoxylic acid, which may be reacted with the polymer as described in US Pat. No. 5,912,213, the specification of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Reactive equivalents of glyoxylic acid, including esters and lactones, as well as other substances described in U.S.

  mentioned above, may also be used.

  Said at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent can be prepared by reacting at least one of the polyalkenes with, for example, a stoichiometric excess of a carboxylic acylating reagent such as maleic anhydride. This reaction may yield a substituted carboxylic acylating agent wherein the number of succinic groups, for each equivalent weight of the hydrocarbyl group, may range from about 1.3 to about 5, e.g. from about 1.4 to about 4.5 and as an additional example of about 1.5 to 3.5. This means that these acylating agents can be characterized by the presence of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent group. For the purposes of this calculation, it is possible to consider that the number of equivalent weights of the substituent groups is the number corresponding to the quotient obtained by dividing the value of Mn (average number of molecular weight) of polyalkene from which the substituent is derived. by the total weight of the substituent groups present in the substituted succinic acylating agent.

  It is also possible that the acylating agent can be prepared so that the number of succinic groups for each equivalent of the hydrocarbyl group can be less than 1.3.

  When forming the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, the conditions for the reaction of the olefinic polymer with the acylating reagent such as maleic anhydride, and the relative concentrations of these constituents, must, for example, be sufficient for that a major proportion of the olefinic polymer has reacted with at least one molecule of the acylating reagent. For example, for optimum dispersant performance, not more than 30% by weight, for example not more than 25% by weight, and by way of further example not more than 20% by weight of polyisobutylene or another olefinic polymer must remain unreacted in the resulting acylating agent and then in the resulting dispersant. Determining the conditions to ensure a sufficient degree of reaction may be within the skill of the art.

  Dispersants can be prepared by reacting the hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent with an amine, an alcohol or mixtures thereof. The amines used to prepare the dispersants may be primary, secondary or tertiary amines. In one embodiment, a polyamine disclosed in U.S. No. 4,234,435 in column 21, line 4 to column 27, line 50 may be used. The amines may be heterocyclic polyamines or alkylene polyamines. The alkylene polyamines may be represented by the formula H (R 1) N (alkylene-N (R 1), in which each R 1 may independently represent a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic group or a hydroxy-substituted aliphatic group, n may represent a an integer from about 1 to about 10, and the "alkylene" group comprises from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of such polyamines include ethyleneamines, polyethyleneamines, such as ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine and mixtures thereof, including complex commercial mixtures which include cyclic condensation products These substances are described in detail under the heading "Ethylene Amines" in Kirk Othmer's Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd edition, Vol 7, pp 22-37 Other amine mixtures include "polyamine residues" representing the residue sultant driving of the polyamine mixture described above. In another embodiment, the polyamine may be a condensed polyamine resulting from the condensation reaction of at least one hydroxyl compound with at least one polyamine reactant containing at least one primary or secondary amino group. Such condensation products are described in U.S. No. 5,230,714, the specification of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Similarly, the amines can be amino alcohols of any of a variety of well-known types.

  Alcohols can be used in the preparation of the dispersants described herein. These dispersants may include ester groups. Suitable alcohols may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic alcohols and may contain non-hydrocarbon substituents of a type that do not interfere with the reaction of the alcohols with the acylating agent for ester formation. The alcohols may be monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isooctanol, dodecanol and cyclohexanol, although they may be polyhydric alcohols such as alkylene polyols. In one embodiment, these polyhydric alcohols may comprise from about 2 to about 40, for example about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; and about 2 to about 10 hydroxyl groups, for example about 2 to about 6 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydric alcohols may include ethylene glycols such as di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycols, propylene glycols, glycerol, sorbitol, cyclohexanediol, erythritol and pentaerythritols, including di- and tripentaerythritols.

  Commercially available polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifiers can also be used as the alcohol component. These substances include the reaction products of various organic amines, various carboxylic acid amides and various quaternary ammonium salts with ethylene oxide. Some of these substances are available under the names ETHODUOMEEN TTM, a condensation product of ethylene oxide with an N-alkyl-alkylenediamine; ETHOMEENTM, condensation products of ethylene oxide with primary fatty amines; ETHOMID ™, condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty acid amides; and ETHOQUADTM, polyoxyethylated quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary ammonium chlorides.

  The dispersants described herein may be further borated or treated with metallizing agents. The boration of the dispersant can be carried out by well known techniques, in particular by reaction of the dispersant with at least one boron compound. Suitable boron compounds include boric acid, borate esters, and mixed alkali or borate borates of alkali and alkaline earth metals. These metal borates may be generally of the particulate hydrated metal borate type and, like other borating agents, are known in the art and are commercially available. Typically, the dispersant may be heated with boric acid at a temperature of 50 to 100 ° C. or 100 to 150 ° C. In a similar manner, the dispersants may be metallized or treated with compounds containing reactive metals. , such as zinc compounds.

  The fluid additive composition may comprise an effective stabilizing amount of the at least one dispersant. For example, said at least one dispersant may be present in the composition in an amount of from about 1% to about 80%, for example from about 20% to about 70% and as an additional example of about 30% to about 60%, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

  In embodiments, a lubricant composition may comprise the fluid additive composition described herein. For example, the lubricating composition may include fluids suitable for any power transmission application, for example for an automatic transmission or a manual transmission. In addition, the transmission fluid may suitably be used in at least one transmission with a friction torque converter, a direct drive torque converter, a starting clutch, and at least one shift clutch. These transmissions may include four-, five-, six- and seven-speed transmissions and continuously variable transmissions (chain, belt or disk). These fluids can also be used in manual transmissions, including automated manual transmissions and dual clutch transmissions.

  In embodiments, the lubricating composition may also include a base oil. The base oil may be selected, for example, from natural oils such as mineral oils, vegetable oils, paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils, aromatic oils, synthetic oils, their derivatives and mixtures thereof. Synthetic oils may comprise at least one of an oligomer of an alpha-olefin, an ester, an oil obtained by a Fischer-Tropsch process, and a liquid gas treatment oil. The base oil may be present in the composition in a dominant amount. It is considered that the term "dominant amount" means a quantity greater than or equal to about 50%.

  The fluid additive composition may also comprise at least one additive in the appropriate proportions to thereby obtain a multifunctional additive formulation.

  Examples of at least one additive that may be used include, but are not limited to, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, vehicle fluids, metal deactivators, dyes, labels, corrosion inhibitors , such as copper corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, friction reducing agents, demulsifiers, anti-fogging agents, anti-icing additives, anti-knock additives, anti-removal valve seat additives, additives lubricant, extreme pressure additives, combustion improvers, low temperature flow improvers, friction modifiers, anti-wear agents, antifoaming agents, viscosity index improvers, antirust additives, seal swelling agents, metal deactivators and air expelling additives.

  In various embodiments, a lubricating composition may comprise the described fluid additive composition and at least one additive described above. In other embodiments, a fuel composition may comprise the described fluid additive composition and at least one additive described above.

  In the choice of at least one additive, it is important to ensure that the additive (s) chosen are soluble or stably dispersible in an additive formulation and a finished composition, are compatible with the other constituents of the composition. and do not significantly interfere with the performance properties of the composition, such as storage stability, frictional longevity, anti-rust effect, corrosion inhibition, improved lubricity, friction modification, improved oxidation resistance, wear inhibition and lead compatibility, required or desired, where possible, in the total finished composition.

  For the sake of convenience, said at least one additive may be provided as a concentrate for dilution. Such a concentrate is part of the present description and usually comprises about 99 to about 1% by weight of additive and about 1 to about 99% by weight of solvent or diluent for the additive, solvent or diluent that can be miscible and / or capable of dissolution in a fluid composition, such as a fluid for automatic transmissions, in which the concentrate can be used. The solvent or diluent may of course be a mineral oil (paraffinic or naphthenic oil), an aromatic oil, a synthetic oil or a derivative thereof.

  However, examples of other solvents or diluents include white spirit, kerosene, alcohols (eg 2-ethylhexanol, isopropanol and isodecanol), high boiling aromatic solvents (e.g. toluene and xylene) and cetane improvers (eg, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate). Of course, these can be used alone or in the form of mixtures.

  In general, said at least one additive may be used in small amounts sufficient to improve the performance characteristics and properties of the base fluid. The amounts thus vary depending on such factors as the viscosity characteristics of the base fluid used and the desired viscosity characteristics for the finished fluid, the operating conditions at which the finished fluid is intended and the desired performance characteristics for the finished fluid. .

  It should be noted that the various constituents used can be mixed separately with the base fluid or can be mixed with it in the form of various sub-combinations, if desired. Usually, the particular sequence of these mixing steps may not be crucial. In addition, these constituents may be mixed as separate solutions in a diluent. However, according to various embodiments, the additive components can be mixed in the form of a concentrate, since this simplifies the mixing operations, it reduces the probability of mixing errors and this makes it possible to take advantage of the characteristics of the mixture. solubility compatibility conferred by the total concentrate.

  In embodiments, a fuel composition may comprise the described fluid additive composition. For example, a fuel composition may comprise a major amount of a base fuel and a small amount of a fluid additive composition. The term "small amount" is considered to be less than about 50%.

  The basic fuels used in the formulation of the fuel compositions according to the present specification include any basic fuels which can be suitably used in the operation of spark-ignition internal combustion engines, such as engines for engines operating at the same time. leaded and unleaded fuel and aviation gasolines, diesel fuels and gasoline known as reformulated gasolines that typically contain both hydrocarbons in the boiling range of gasoline and soluble oxygenated blending agents in fuels, such as alcohols, ethers and other suitable organic compounds containing oxygen. Suitable oxygenated compounds include, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, a mixture of C 1 -C 5 alcohols, tert-butyl methyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tert-butyl ethyl ether and mixed ethers. Oxygenates, when used, are usually present in the base fuel in an amount of less than about 25% by volume, for example in an amount that provides an amount of oxygen in the total fuel in the range of from about 0.5 to about 5% by volume.

  The fluid additive compositions, lubricant compositions, and fuel compositions described herein may come into contact with a controlled injector. Non-limiting examples of controlled injectors include direct injection gasoline injectors, injectors in the intake duct, sequential fuel injectors in the central intake duct and thrust plate injectors.

  In various embodiments, there is disclosed a vehicle comprising a transmission which comprises the fluid additive composition, the lubricating composition and the fuel composition disclosed. In other embodiments, methods are described for improving the storage stability of compositions, such as lubricating compositions and fuel compositions, comprising adding to a lubricating composition and a fuel composition a composition. fluid additive described herein.

EXAMPLES

  A dispersant having a MW equal to 2100 was prepared from a polyisobutylene having a terminal vinylidene content of greater than 80% (high reactivity) by first reacting maleic anhydride with a polyisobutylene having a content of terminal vinylidene greater than 80% at elevated temperatures. The intermediate polyisobutylenesuccinic anhydride (PISSA) was further reacted with tetraethylenepentamine in a ratio of approximately 2: 1 to produce a bis-succinimide dispersant. The dispersant prepared from the high reactivity polyisobutylene was formulated into two fluid additive formulations for automatic transmissions, as was the corresponding dispersant prepared from a conventional polyisobutylene. The additive formulations contained conventional constituents for regulating friction, foaming, wear, oxidation, rust and corrosion. In addition, the additive formulations contained polymers of the polymethacrylate type which act as viscosity modifiers. Compositions of additive formulations and fully formulated automatic transmission fluids which are prepared from said additive formulations are indicated above.

  Table 1: Composition of FTA and additive formulations with dispersants based on PIB. All 5 values are given in percent by weight.

  Formulation Formulation Formulation Additive Additive Additive Additive Formulation lb 2a 2b High Reactivity Dispersant 38.04 55, 6 Classical Dispersant 38.04 55.6 Viscosity Modifier A 19.0 19.0 viscosity B 10.4 10.4 Other dispersants 3,17 3,17 3,5 3, 5 Detergents 0,70 0,70 1,4 1,4 Friction modifiers 2,0 2,0 4,1 4, 1 Dibutyl hydrogen phosphite 0.5 0.5 0.56 0.56 Thiadiazole 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 Sulfurized oil 3.5 3.5 Antioxidant 3.2 3.2 1.7 1.7 Constituent Secondary 0.33 0.33 0.55 0.55 Diluent oil 31.7 31.7 17.4 17.4 Base oil NA NA NA NA All products have been stored at room temperature. After 8 weeks, the samples were examined. The additive formulation 1b with the high reactivity polyisobutylene dispersant was clear and homogeneous. However, the additive formulation prepared with a conventional dispersant had separated into two distinct phases. The additive formulation lb with the high reactivity polyisobutylene was placed in a 55 C oven and stored for 4 weeks. The study of this formulation at the end of the four week period showed that it was clear and homogeneous.

  After 8 weeks, the additive formulation 2b prepared with the high reactivity polyisobutylene dispersant was clear and homogeneous. However, the additive formulation 2a prepared with the conventional dispersant exhibited haze and signs of phase separation. Both samples were placed in a 55 C oven and stored for four weeks. Examination of the samples after four weeks at 55 ° C. showed that the sample which used the dispersant prepared from a high reactivity polyisobutylene was clear and homogeneous. The sample prepared from conventional polyisobutylene was cloudy and exhibited partial separation. The samples were stored for a further 5 months at room temperature. Examination of the samples at this time showed that the sample prepared with the conventional dispersant had separated into two distinct phases. However, the sample prepared with high reactivity polyisobutylene remained clear and homogeneous.

  A dispersant having a MW equal to 2100 was prepared from a polyisobutylene having a terminal vinylidene content greater than 80%. The dispersant was further reacted with boric acid and phosphorus-derived acid to incorporate boron and phosphorus with the dispersant. The dispersant prepared from high reactivity polyisobutylene was formulated in two premixes with a viscosity modifier and a diluent oil, as was the corresponding dispersant prepared from a conventional polyisobutylene. Premixes may be used for incorporation into fully formulated FTAs or may be blended with other additive components to produce the completed additive package.

  The compositions of the premixes are shown below.

  Table 2: Viscosity-Dispersant Blends Dispersant (conventional or HR) Viscosity modifier B 26 Diluent oil A 26 Diluent oil B 26 2890078 The premixes were stored at room temperature. After a week, the samples were examined. The sample prepared from the dispersant which used a high reactivity polyisobutylene was clear and homogeneous with no sign of separation. The sample prepared from the conventional dispersant separated. The sample prepared from high reactivity polyisobutylene was stored at 55 ° C for four weeks, after which time it was examined. The sample was clear and homogeneous with no sign of separation.

  The test results show that dispersants prepared from polyisobutylene having, for example, a terminal vinylidene content of greater than 80% exhibited better compatibility in additive formulations than dispersants prepared from conventional polyisobutylene. Formulations that used high reactivity polyisobutylene dispersants were treated for extended periods of time at room temperature or elevated temperatures and remained homogeneous with no sign of separation. These formulations can be used to prepare fully formulated transmission fluids which possess the desired composition, chemical properties and physical properties, while these same additive formulations prepared from conventional polyisobutylene dispersants do not allow such preparation. The results also show that mixtures of polyisobutylene dispersants of high reactivity with polymers of the polymethacrylate type are stable, while mixtures of conventionally based dispersants with the same polymers of the polymethacrylate type are not stable.

  For the purposes of this description and the appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, it is to be understood that all numerical values denoting quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the description and claims are modified in all case by the term "approximately" or "approximately". Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters indicated in the following description and the appended claims are approximations which may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be achieved in the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter must be considered at least in the light of the number of indicative figures indicated and by applying the usual 'borough.

  Although numerical intervals and numerical parameters indicating the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values given in the specific examples are indicated as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently contains some errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation existing during their respective test measurements. In addition, it should be understood that all the ranges described herein include any and all subintervals considered as included in a set herein. For example, an interval designated by the expression "less than 10" includes any and all subintervals between (and including) the minimum value zero and the maximum value 10, i.e. any one and all intervals having a minimum value equal to or greater than zero and a maximum value equal to or less than 10, for example 1 to 5.

  Note that, in the manner used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" and "the" include references to the plural unless expressly unequivocal to a reference. Thus, for example, the reference to "succinimide" includes two or more different succinimides. As used herein, the term "includes" and its grammatical variants are intended to be non-limiting, so that the indication of entities in a list is not made to the exclusion of other similar entities that may be substituted or added to the listed entities.

  It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to various embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the teachings of the present invention. Thus, it is believed that the various embodiments described herein cover other modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

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Claims (26)

  1. fluid additive composition, characterized in that it comprises an effective stabilizing amount of at least one dispersant comprising an amount greater than or equal to 50% of terminal vinylidene, said at least one dispersant being a reaction product of at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least one amine.   2. Additive composition according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one dispersant is present in the composition in an amount of about 1% to about 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably in an amount of from about 20% to about 70% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.   3. Additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent is derived from a polyalkene.   4. Additive composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the polyalkene is selected from the group consisting of homopolymers and interpolymers of olefinic monomers comprising 2 to 16 carbon atoms.   5. Additive composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the polyalkene is polyisobutene.   6. Additive composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the polyalkene is reacted with at least one carboxylic acylating reagent, preferably maleic anhydride.   An additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said at least one amine is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines and tertiary amines.   8. Additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, vehicle fluids , metal deactivators, dyes, markers, corrosion inhibitors, such as copper corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, friction reducing agents, demulsifiers, anti-fogging agents, anti-icing additives, anti-knock additives, valve seat release additives, lubricity additives, extreme pressure additives, combustion improvers, low temperature flow improvers, friction modifiers, anti-slip agents, wear, antifoaming agents, viscosity index improvers, rust inhibitors, seal swelling agents and t air expulsion additives.   9. Lubricating composition, characterized in that it comprises the fluid additive composition of any one of claims 1 to 8.   10. Lubricating composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises a base oil.   11. Lubricating composition according to claim 10, characterized in that the base oil comprises at least one of the oils consisting of a natural oil and a synthetic oil.   12. Lubricating composition according to claim 11, characterized in that the natural oil comprises at least one of the oils consisting of a mineral oil and a vegetable oil.   The lubricating composition according to claim 11, characterized in that the synthetic oil comprises at least one of an oligomer of an alpha-olefin, an ester, an oil obtained by a Fischer-Tropsch process, and a liquid gas treatment oil.   14. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the base oil is present in the composition in a dominant amount.   15. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that it is suitable for use in a transmission using at least one of the systems consisting of a friction torque converter, a torque converter in direct drive, a starter clutch, and at least one shift clutch.   16. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the fluid is suitable for use in a continuously variable transmission type belt, chain or disc.   17. Lubricating composition according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that it is a power transmission fluid.   18. Lubricating composition according to claim 17, characterized in that the power transmission fluid is a fluid for automatic or manual transmissions.   A vehicle comprising a transmission, characterized in that the transmission comprises the fluid additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the lubricating composition according to any one of claims 9 to 18.   20. Process for improving the storage stability of a lubricating composition, characterized in that it comprises the addition to a lubricating composition of a fluid additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8.   A process for improving the storage stability of a fuel composition, characterized in that it comprises adding to a fuel composition a fluid additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8.   22. Fuel composition, characterized in that it comprises: a) a base fuel in a major amount and b) a fluid additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in a small amount.   A vehicle comprising a motor, characterized in that the engine comprises the fuel composition of claim 22.   24. An engine, characterized in that it burns the fluid additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the fuel composition of claim 22.   An actuated injector characterized by contacting with the fluid additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the fuel composition of claim 22.   26. Injector according to claim 25, characterized in that the injector actuated is selected from the group consisting of direct injection fuel injectors, injectors in the intake duct, sequential fuel injectors in the duct. central intake and main stage injectors.