FR2875172A1 - Metallic object surface marking out device, has compensation unit compensating effects of rotation of marking unit of marking component on distance between marking unit and marking point on surface to be marked - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a compensation unit (30) comprising a movable stop (40) and compensating effects of rotation of a marking unit of a marking component on a distance between the marking unit and a marking point on a surface to be marked of a metallic object. The unit (30) maintains the distance at a constant value, where the distance is measured perpendicular to the marking surface between the marking unit and the marking point.

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of devices

  to ensure the marking of the surface of an object, by deformation of the latter in particular.

  Thus, in the above field, it is known to achieve the marking of metal objects by micro percussion, by means of a marking system comprising a tip which is driven by an alternating movement of translation and which hits the surface to be marked, to form a substantially punctual impact.

  It is then possible, by moving the marking member in two crossed directions, to produce, on the surface to be marked, two-dimensional signs.

  In order to obtain this cross-displacement of the marking member, it has been proposed, as is described, for example, in patent applications FR 2 839 860 and FR 2 256 833, to move the marking member, on the one hand, in translation and, on the other hand, in rotation about an axis parallel to the direction of translation.

  Thus, it is possible, by combining these translational and rotational movements, to move the marking member into a so-called marking window defined by the amplitude of translation and rotation. The devices operating on this principle make it possible effectively to produce two-dimensional signs of good quality when the rotation amplitude of the marking member is low. However, when carrying out large markings involving a large amplitude of rotation, it has been found that the marking points, located in the immediate vicinity of the extreme edges of the marking window determined by the rotation of the marking member , did not have a quality as good as the marking points made in the center of the window in the region requiring only a very low amplitude of rotation of the marking member.

  Thus, it appeared the need to provide a solution to this degradation of the marking quality for the large marking windows, while maintaining the principle of displacement of the marking member of rotating the latter in one at least of its marking directions. Indeed, such kinematics can reduce the overall size of the marking device, especially with regard to the dimensions imposed by the kinematics adopted for the displacement obtained by the rotation of the marking member.

  In order to achieve this objective of obtaining a good marking quality at all points of the window, including for a large amplitude of rotation of the marking member, the invention relates to a device for marking a surface. comprising: E a carrier frame, É marking means which comprise a marking member adapted to produce a point or a substantially punctiform mark, means for moving the marking member parallel to two planes of movement (P, P ' ) perpendicular to each other and to the surface to be marked to produce, on the surface to be marked, two-dimensional signs forming part of a marking window defined by the amplitude of the displacements of the marking member, the displacement of the marking member parallel to the plane of movement (P) being ensured by at least one rotation of the marking member about an axis (SZ) parallel to the other plane (P ') of movement, According to the invention , the device marking is characterized in that it comprises means of at least partial compensation of the influence of the rotation on the distance between the marking member and the marking point on the surface to be marked Thus, by the implementation of compensation means, the marking points, made by the marking member, all have good quality at all points of the marking window.

  According to the invention the compensation can be performed more or less completely.

  Thus according to one characteristic of the invention and in the context of a partial compensation, the compensation means are adapted to maintain at a constant value the distance, measured perpendicularly to the marking surface, between the marking member and the surface. with marking.

  According to another characteristic of the invention and when it is sought a total compensation of the effects of the rotation of the marking member the compensation means are adapted to maintain at a constant value the distance between the marking member and the marking point on the surface to be marked.

  According to the invention, the marking means may be of different types and for example provide marking by local deformation of the surface to be marked, this deformation may be the result of an impact or punching or even of a fusion of the constituent material of the surface to be marked or engraved.

  Thus, when the marking is obtained by punctual punching of the surface to be marked, according to one characteristic of the invention, the marking means comprise a micro-percussion system comprising, as a marking member, an oscillating marking tip. in translation along an axis of said marking direction between a rest position and a marking position, the rest position of the marking tip being the reference for measuring the distance between, on the one hand, the marking member and, on the other hand, the surface to be marked or the marking point.

  When the marking is obtained by local melting of the surface to be etched, the marking means comprise, according to another characteristic of the invention, a laser source and, as a marking member, a marking lens intended to focus in a so-called marking direction a laser spot on the surface to be marked, the optical center of the marking lens being the reference for measuring the distance between, on the one hand, the marking member and, on the other hand, the surface to be marked or the marking point.

  Indeed, it has been found that, in the context of marking by means of a laser source and in order to use all the energy of the laser beam, it is necessary to achieve as precise a focus as possible of the laser beam on the surface to be marked, an objective that the implementation of the compensation means according to the invention can achieve.

  It should be noted that both the micro-percussion marking and the laser marking have the common characteristic of acting in a corresponding marking direction, in the case of the micro percussion with the direction of oscillation in translation of the marking tip. and, in the context of the laser, to the very direction of this ray.

  According to the invention, the compensation of the influence of the rotation of the marking member can be realized in different ways. Thus, according to one embodiment, the compensation means are adapted to induce a translation of the marking member relative to the axis S2 and in a direction A perpendicular to the axis 2 during the rotation of the organ. marking around the axis S2.

  This translation of the marking member, induced during its rotation, can then be performed in different ways that can be chosen as a function of the overall kinematics of the device, the desired size or, still, the accuracy to be achieved in the compensation, it being understood that the latter remains dependent on the operating clearances of the adopted kinematics.

  According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the compensation means comprise at least one cam cooperating with a cam path whose profile is adapted to induce the translation of the member along the direction A. According to another variant embodiment , the compensation means 10 comprise at least: E means for defining a reference surface possibly parallel to the surface to be marked, E and means for connecting the marking member to the reference surface, so as to inducing the translation of the marking member in the direction (A).

  According to the invention, the displacement of the marking member parallel to one of the movement planes is necessarily obtained by a movement involving a rotation of the marking member about an axis perpendicular to this plane of movement, while that the displacement parallel to the other plane of movement can be obtained, either by a pure translation, or also by a rotation along an axis perpendicular to this other plane of movement.

  In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the marking device according to the invention, for which the movement of the marking member is obtained by the combination of a translation and a rotation along an axis parallel to the axis in translation, the displacement means of the marking member comprise at least: E a track which is completely connected to the frame and which provides the translational guidance of a carriage in a direction (I ') parallel to the plane (P ') and to the surface to be marked, É means for translational movement in both directions of the carriage along the guideway, É an oscillating cradle which supports the marking member at least and which is adapted on the carriage for at least pivoting relative to the carriage along the axis (Q) parallel to the direction (I '), É motor means for moving in rotation in both directions of the cradle along the axis (0).

  According to the invention, the motor means for moving the carriage in rotation can then be integral with the carriage or, conversely, be integral with the frame.

  In a preferred embodiment, the cradle is connected to the carriage on one side facing the surface to be marked and the marking member is fitted on the cradle opposite the carriage, while the motor means for moving the cradle in rotation comprise at least one arm whose one end is connected to the cradle and whose other end is located opposite the first and provided with a toothed sector cooperating with a pinion driven in rotation by a motor.

  In a more particularly preferred variant of this marking device, the marking system is a micro-percussion system which comprises an electromagnetic coil inside which is disposed a ferromagnetic core which acts on a marking tip and which is mobile in translation in the coil, between a rest position and marking.

  The compensation means then comprise a movable stop against which the core is pressed in the rest position and which is associated with a camming finger which cooperates with a cam path secured to the carriage, so that a cradle rotation causes a displacement of the cam. finger along the cam path whose profile is adapted to change the rest position of the core and the marking tip according to the angular position of the cradle.

  It should be noted that, in this preferred embodiment of the marking device according to the invention, the fact that the guideway in translation is fixed and knows no rotational movement reduces the mass of the crew that must to be operated in rotation, so that a moment of inertia of rotation is obtained, which makes it possible to increase the speed of displacement of the marking member.

  However, according to the invention, such an embodiment of the displacement means is not strictly necessary and the kinematics of the displacement means of the marking member could provide for a rotation of the guide path.

  Thus, according to another embodiment of the invention, the displacement means of the marking member comprise at least: E a translation guide track which has a direction (1) parallel to the plane (P ') and to the surface to be marked and which is adapted to the frame, so as to be able to rotate at least about the axis (0), É a carriage which is adapted to the guideway to be movable in translation along this latter and which is linked to the marking member, É means for translational movement of the carriage, É and motor means for moving the guide path in rotation.

  In the context of such kinematics, it is possible to provide different embodiments of the compensation means.

  According to one of the possible forms, the maintenance of the efficiency distance is ensured at the kinematics of the guideway.

  For this purpose, the displacement means of the marking member are furthermore made in such a way that: E the guideway is adapted to the frame so as to be able to move in radial translation along a direction (A) perpendicular to the axis (52), É and the drive means for driving in rotation of the guideway integrate the compensation means and are adapted to induce, during the rotation of the guideway, a translation of said guideway.

  In the context of this variant embodiment and according to another characteristic of the invention, it is then possible to provide that: E the displacement means in translation of the guideway comprise two arms each disposed at one of the two ends of the guide track and completely connected to the guideway, E each arm comprises, on the one hand, an elongate straight rectilinear light (A) parallel to a marking axis of the marking member and engaged on a bound pin to the frame and, on the other hand, a window which is curved and forms a cam path for a cam connected to the frame and whose profile is adapted to induce a translation of the arms and the guideway according to the direction ( a) during a rotation of the arms and the guideway, and at least one of the arms has a toothed sector which cooperates with a pinion driven by a motor.

  Various other characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description below made with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate various non-limiting forms of embodiment of the marking device according to the invention.

  Fig. 1 is a schematic side elevation of a first embodiment of a marking device according to the invention, implementing an electromagnetically driven micro-percussion system.

  Fig. 2 is a schematic partial sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 1.

  Figs. 3 and 4 are views similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 showing an alternative embodiment of the compensation means.

  Fig. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing another embodiment of a marking device according to the invention which differs from those illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 in the nature of the kinematics of the displacement of the marking member and in the embodiment of the compensation means as well as in the fact that it implements laser marking means.

  Fig. 6 is a schematic partial sectional view along the line VI-VI of FIG. 1.

  A marking device according to the invention, as schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 and generally designated by the reference 1, comprises a support frame 2 which, according to the example shown, has two lateral legs 3, intended to bear on the surface to be marked S. The presence of the legs 3 corresponds to a portable embodiment that makes the device 1 may be transported by its user from one place to another, depending on the needs. Of course, the presence of the legs 3 is not strictly necessary for the realization of a marking device according to the invention which could also be adapted to a bracket, so that the legs 3 would become perfectly useless.

  The device 1 further comprises marking means 4 which, according to the illustrated example, are in the form of an electromagnetic micro-percussion system comprising, as marking member, a marking tip 5, whose end is intended to come to impact the surface S to make hollow conformations or points of impact, as will appear later.

  Insofar as the marking tip produces substantially punctual conformations and where it is desired, in accordance with an objective of the invention, to produce two-dimensional signs on the surface S, the marking device 1 further comprises displacement means 10 of the marking member 5.

  According to the illustrated example, the displacement means 10 comprise a translational guiding lane 11 which is connected to the chassis 2. According to the illustrated example, the translation guiding lane 11 is made in the form of a guide rail. guidance, such as those, for example, marketed by the company THK, which is fixed at both ends, to the frame 2. Of course, the guide path in translation 11 could be made in another way, such as that, for example, described in the patent application FR 2,256,833.

  According to the illustrated embodiment, the guide path 11 is completely connected to the frame, so that it can not know any relative displacement with respect to the latter.

  The displacement means 10 also comprise a carriage 12 which is fitted on the guideway 11, so as to be movable in translation in a direction r, parallel to the plane of displacement P '. To ensure the translational movement of the carriage 12 along the track 11, there is also provided motor means 13 for translational movement of the carriage. These motor means 13 comprise an arm 14 which extends from the carriage 12 and away from the surface S. The arm 14 has, at its end opposite the carriage 12, a rack 15 which is parallel to the direction r and which cooperates with a pinion 16 rotated by a motor 17, such as, for example but not exclusively, an electric motor step. Thus, the control by the motor 17 of the rotation of the pinion 16 provides a translation of the carriage 12 along the path 11, in the direction r and in both directions.

  In order to allow displacement of the marking member 5, parallel to the plane P perpendicular to the plane P ', the displacement means 10 further comprise an oscillating cradle 20 which is adapted to the carriage 12 so as to be able to pivot relative to the latter along an axis 12 parallel to the direction F 'and therefore perpendicular to the plane P. It should be noted that, according to the illustrated example, the carriage 12 is placed on the face of the guideway 11 oriented towards the surface S, while the cradle 20 is connected to the carriage 12 on a face of the latter also oriented towards the marked surface, so that the cradle 20 is opposite the track 11 relative to the carriage 12. Similarly, the marking means 4 and more particularly the tip 5 are adapted to the cradle 20, opposite the carriage 12, so that the tip 5 is close to the surface S to be marked, as this will emerge from the following.

  In order to control the rotation of the cradle 20 carrying the marking means 4 and, more particularly, the point 5, the displacement means 10 further comprise motor means 21 for moving in rotation in both directions of the cradle 20. The motor means 21 for rotating the cradle 1 then comprise at least one arm 22, one end of which is connected to the cradle 20 and the other end of which is situated opposite the first, on the other side of the track. 1. In order to avoid any conflict with the guide path 11, the arm 22 has, according to the illustrated example, a general C shape. The end of the arm 22, which is not connected to the cradle 20, is provided with a toothed sector 23 which cooperates with a pinion 24 driven by a motor 25, such as, for example but not exclusively, an electric motor. step by step.

  According to the illustrated example, the motor 25 is secured to the carriage 12 and, more particularly, fixed on its arm 14, so that all the motor means 21 for rotating the cradle 20 is displaced in translation at the same time. time that the carriage 10 of the marking member formed by the tip 5.

  The displacement means 10 as thus constituted allow, by a motor control 17, to ensure a translation of the tip 5 parallel to the plane P 'in the direction of the double arrow F1, while the motor control 25 allows to cause rotation of the tip 5 in both directions, as indicated by the arrows F2. The combination of the movements according to the arrows F1 and F2 defines a marking window whose length is fixed by the amplitude of the translation in the direction A and whose width is determined by the amplitude of the rotation about the axis 12 It is then possible, when switching on the electromagnetic system 4 to impact with the point 5 any point located in the marking window, as defined thereby.

  However, it has been found that for large amplitudes of rotations around the axis S2, the quality of the impacts of the tip 5 near the edges corresponding to the maximum rotation amplitude was still of satisfactory quality. In order to remedy this defect, the invention proposes to use means 30 for compensating the effects of the rotation of the marking member, in this case the tip 5 so as to guarantee the quality of the impacts of the tip 5 on the surface S at any point of the marking window.

  These compensation means 30 may be made in different ways, depending, in particular, on the embodiment of the marking system and the kinematics of the displacement means 10.

  According to the illustrated example, the marking system 4 is a system with electromagnetic microphone percussion. Thus, the system 4 comprises an electromagnetic coil 31 placed in the body 32 of the system 4, said body 32 being fixed to the cradle 20. The marking system 4 further comprises a ferromagnetic core 33 disposed inside the the coil 31 and the body 32, to be movable in translation in a direction of mark D. The core 33 is then movable between a rest position R, as shown in solid lines in FIG. 2, and a marking position M, marked in phantom also in FIG. 2. The ferromagnetic core 33 is intended to act on the marking tip 5, by its reciprocating movement inside the coil 31, provide an alternative displacement of the tip 5 and thus allow the realization of a series of micro impacts in the surface S to score. The marking tip 5 is then also mobile, between a rest position, as illustrated in FIG. 2, and a marking position, not shown, in which it is in contact with the surface S. It should be noted that the marking tip 5 is slaved or recalled in the rest position, by a spring 34 which tends to maintain any moment the end of the tip 5 opposite the surface S in contact with the movable core 33. Given the presence of the spring 34 the rest position of the tip 5 corresponds to and is defined by the rest position of the core 33.

  In order to correct the distance of the tip 5 from the surface S which would be induced by the rotation around the axis S2 of the cradle 20 and the point 5 which is connected thereto, the compensation means 30 comprise a mobile stop 40 against which the core 31 is resting in the rest position R. This movable stop 40, placed at the rear of the core opposite the tip 5, is secured to a finger 41 which extends to from the stop 40 to the carriage 12 and which then forms a cam which cooperates with a cam path 42 arranged in the carriage 12. The path 42 is then shaped so that, during the rotation of the cradle 20 and therefore the finger 41 which is integral therewith, the abutment 40 moves, so as to maintain substantially constant the distance between the end of the tip 5 at rest and the surface S to be marked, this distance being measured perpendicularly to the surface to be marked. It should be noted that given the existence of the compensation means 30, the place of displacement of the rest position R of the end of the tip 5 is a surface substantially parallel to the surface S to be marked whereas in the absence of the means of compensation the rest position of the tip would describe a cylinder of revolution.

  According to the invention, the rotation compensation means do not necessarily comprise a cam, such as the finger 41, and a cam path, such as the surface 42. Thus, FIGS. 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of a marking device according to the invention adopting, for the displacement means 10 of the marking member, the same kinematics as that described in relation with FIGS. 1 and 2 but for which the means for compensating the rotation of the marking member are made differently.

  Indeed, according to this varainate embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the compensation means comprise means 45 for defining a reference surface SR which, according to the illustrated example, is substantially parallel to the surface R, without it being a strictly necessary to realize the invention.

  According to the illustrated example, the means 45 for defining the reference surface SR comprise a bracket which is completely connected to the carriage 12 and which carries at its opposite end to the carriage 12 a flat lug 47 in which a rectilinear groove 48 is provided. axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation SZ. The marking tip 5 passes into this groove 48 where it is able to move during the rotation of the cradle 20. The marking tip 5 then comprises, as means 49 of connection with the reference surface SR, a ball 49maintenue supported by the spring 34 against the surface SR when the marking tip 5 is in the rest position. Thus, when the coil 31 is not supplied with electric current and the core 33 is in the rest position, just like the tip 5, the means for defining the surface SR induce a translation of the tip 5 in the rest position when rotating the cradle 20.

  According to the invention, the means for compensating for the rotation of the marking member can be implemented in the context of other kinematics of the moving means than those described in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  Thus, figs. 5 and 6 show an embodiment of a marking device according to the invention, which incorporates means for compensating the rotation of the marking member and the kinematics of the displacement means 10 differs from that described above.

  According to this embodiment, the marking means 4 are not micro percussion but laser and then comprise a laser source 51 such as for example a pulsed laser source whose radius is conveyed by an optical fiber or an optical fiber bundle 52 to a branded lens 53 which constitutes, within the meaning of the invention, the branding member of the device 1.

  According to this other embodiment, the displacement means 10 comprise a translation guide track 55 which has a direction t parallel to the plane P 'and to the surface to be marked S and which is adapted to the frame so as to be movable, at least in rotation around the axis SZ. According to the illustrated example, the translation guide path 55 is fixed,

  at each of its ends, on an arm 56 which is, in addition, part of the rotational displacement means of the guideway 55, as will appear later.

  Each arm 56 comprises, on the one hand, an elongated rectilinear slot 57, of axis e parallel to the marking direction D defined by the laser beam 58. Each light 57 is then engaged on a pin 59 which is completely connected. to the frame 2, so that the pin 59 and the corresponding light 57 define a link with two degrees of freedom, a degree of freedom in rotation and a degree of freedom in translation.

  Each arm 52 comprises, on the other hand, a window 60 which is curved and forms a cam path for a cylindrical cam 61, linked to the frame and engaged in the window 55.

  Finally, one of the arms 52, in this case the left arm in FIG. 5, has, in addition, a toothed sector 62 which cooperates with a pinion 63 driven by a motor 64 such as, for example, an electric motor step. According to the illustrated example and in order to take into account the translational movement that is likely to know the arm 52, the motor 64 is pivotally mounted on the frame 2 and the continuity of the cooperation of the pinion 63 with the toothed sector 62 is provided by at least one spring 65.

  The displacement means 10, according to this embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 also comprise a carriage 66 which is adapted to the guide track 55 to be movable in translation along the latter and on which the marking member, in this case the marking lens 53, is adapted . The carriage 66 is also associated with translational displacement means 67 which, according to the illustrated example, comprise a rack 68 fitted to an arm 69 integral with the carriage 66 and cooperating with a pinion 70 driven by a motor 71, such as an electric motor step by step, integral with the guideway 55.

  Thus, the control of the motor 71 causes a translation of the carriage 66 and therefore of the marking lens parallel to the track 55 while the control of the motor 64 causes a rotation of the arms 56 and therefore of the guideway 55 which pivots, of so that the marking lens 53 is also rotated.

  In order to compensate for this rotation, each window 60 is then shaped to induce, during the rotation of the guideway 55, a translation of axis A of this same guideway and thus of the marking lens 53, so as to compensate for the effects of rotation. Thus, in one embodiment, each window 60 will be shaped such that the distance between the surface to be marked S and the optical center O of the marking lens 53 is substantially constant and equal to the focal length of the lens 53. this distance being measured perpendicularly to the marking surface S. According to this embodiment of the compensation means the marking lens and, more particularly, its optical center move in a plane or in a surface parallel to the surface to be etched, when the marking laser spot describes the marking window, this surface being located at a distance measured perpendicular to the surface to be marked is substantially equal to the focal length of the marking lens. There is then only a partial compensation of the influence of the rotation on the position of the marking member.

  However, in some cases, in particular with a view to increasing the quality of the marking throughout the marking window, the rotation must be completely compensated. The compensation means and more particularly the windows 60 will then be adapted so that the distance between the marking point and the optical center of the lens, this time measured along the line defined by the laser beam, is equal to the focal distance. In this case, the locus of displacement of the optical center O of the marking lens 53 will no longer be a plane but will be a surface tangent to the plane, as defined above, and situated between this plane and the surface to be marked S. According to the examples described above, the displacement of the marking member is ensured by the combination of a translation and a rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the translation axis. However, according to the invention, the displacement of the marking member could also be obtained by the combination of two rotations of perpendicular axes, the compensation means will then be adapted to compensate for the effects of each of the rotations along these two axes.

  Of course, various other alternative embodiments of the displacement means and the compensation means may be envisaged and this, in particular but not exclusively, by combining different characteristics of the previously described embodiments.

Claims (13)

  1 - Device for marking a surface comprising: É a carrier frame, É marking means which comprise a marking member adapted to achieve a point or a substantially punctual mark, É means of movement of the body of marking parallel to two planes of movement (P, P ') perpendicular to each other and to the surface to be marked to produce, on the surface to be marked, two-dimensional signs forming part of a marking window defined by the amplitude of the displacements of the marking member, the displacement of the marking member parallel to the plane of movement (P) being ensured by at least one rotation of the marking member around an axis (SZ) parallel to the other plane (P ') of movement, characterized in that it comprises means for at least partial compensation of the influence of the rotation on the distance between the marking member and the marking point on the surface to be marked.   2 - marking device according to claim 1 characterized in that the compensation means are adapted to maintain a constant value the distance, measured perpendicularly to the marking surface, between the marking member and the marking surface.   3 - Marking device according to claim 1 characterized in that the compensation means are adapted to maintain a constant value the distance between the marking member and the marking point on the surface to be marked.   4 - marking device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the marking means comprise a micro-percussion system comprising, as a marking member, a marking tip oscillating in translation along an axis said marking direction between a rest position and a marking position, the rest position of the marking tip being the reference for measuring the distance between, on the one hand, the marking member and, on the other hand, the surface to be marked or the marking point.   - marking device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the marking means comprise a laser source and, as a marking member, a marking lens for focusing in a so-called marking direction a laser spot on the surface to be marked, the optical center of the marking lens being the reference for measuring the distance between, on the one hand, the marking member and, on the other hand, the surface to be marked or the marking point.   6 - marking device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the compensation means are adapted to induce a translation of the marking member relative to the axis (12) and in a direction (A ) perpendicular to the axis (12) during the rotation of the marking member about the axis (S2).   7 - Marking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the compensation means comprise at least one cam cooperating with a cam path whose profile is adapted to induce the translation of the member in the direction (A).   8 - marking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the compensation means comprise at least: E means for defining a reference surface substantially parallel to the surface to be marked and located at a distance from the surface to be marked equal to the efficiency distance, E and means for connecting the marking member to the reference surface, so as to induce the translation of the marking member in the direction (A).   9 - marking device according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that the means for moving the marking member comprise at least: É a track which is completely connected to the frame and which provides guiding in translation of a carriage in a direction (I ') parallel to the plane (P') and to the surface to be marked, E motor means for translational movement in both directions of the carriage along the guideway, an oscillating cradle which supports at least the marking member and which is adapted on the carriage to at least pivot with respect to the carriage along the axis (S2) parallel to the direction (I '), E driving means of movement in rotation in both directions of the cradle along the axis (0).   - Marking device according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotational displacement motor means are integral with the carriage.   11 - Marking device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: E the cradle is connected to the carriage on one side facing the surface to be marked, E the marking member is adapted to the cradle, the opposite of the carriage, É the motor means for moving the cradle in rotation comprise at least one arm, one end of which is connected to the cradle and the other end of which is situated opposite the first and provided with a toothed sector. cooperating with a pinion driven in rotation by a motor.   12 - marking device according to claims 4 and 11, characterized in that: É the micro-percussion marking system comprises an electromagnetic coil, inside which is disposed a ferromagnetic core which acts on the marking tip and which is movable in translation in the coil, between a position of rest and marking, E and the compensation means comprise a movable stop against which the core is pressed in the rest position and which is associated with a camming finger which cooperates with a cam path secured to the carriage, so that a cradle rotation causes a movement of the finger along the cam path whose profile is adapted to change the rest position of the core and the marking tip according to the position angular cradle.   13 - Marking device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the means for moving the marking member comprise at least: E a guide path in translation which has a direction (V) parallel to the plane (P ') and to the surface to be marked and which is adapted on the chassis, so as to be movable at least in rotation about the axis (e), É a carriage which is adapted to the guideway to be movable in translation along the latter and which is linked to the marking member, É means for translational movement of the carriage, É and motor means for moving the guide path in rotation.   14 - Marking device according to claim 13, characterized in that: E the guideway is adapted to the frame to be movable in radial translation in a direction (A) perpendicular to the axis (e), E and the means drive motors in rotation of the guideway integrate the compensation means and are adapted to induce, during the rotation of the guideway, a translation of said guideway.   - Marking device according to claim 14, characterized in that: E the means for translational movement of the guideway comprise two arms each disposed at one of the two ends of the guideway and completely connected to the guideway, E each arm comprises, on the one hand, an elongate straight rectilinear light (A) parallel to a marking axis of the marking member and engaged on a pin connected to the frame and, on the other hand, a window which is curved and forms a cam path for a cam connected to the frame and whose profile is adapted to induce a translation of the arms and the guideway in the direction (A) during a rotation of the arms and the guideway, E and at least one of the arms has a toothed sector that cooperates with a pinion driven by a motor.   16 - marking device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the displacement of the marking member, parallel to the plane of movement (P ') is provided by at least one rotation of the body of marking around an axis parallel to the other plane (P) of movement.