FR2863699A1 - Polyvalent bomb for attacking e.g. bridge, has module comprising penetration charge cone with high explosives contained in metallic shell including holes, each inclined outwards at angle with respect to longitudinal axis of bomb - Google Patents

Abstract

The bomb has a body (1) comprising a front part or nose (7) with a threaded hole into which a module (9) having a penetration charge cone (10) is fixed. The cone has a pile (11) of high explosives contained in a metallic shell (12). The shell has a front cover (13) comprising four round holes (14) distributed around longitudinal axis of the bomb. Each hole is inclined outwards at an angle with respect to the axis. An independent claim is also included for a module comprising a penetration charge cone and a guiding unit.

Description

The present invention relates to a multipurpose bomb, or general purpose,

  for the attack of hard targets. Examples of targets against which such bombs are usually deployed include

  reinforced aircraft guys, concrete shelters, ship hulls, bridges, command and control centers, and aerodrome runways. A common factor is the need for the bomb to penetrate the target through media that may include reinforced concrete and soil prior to initiation. Such a bomb will normally include a considerable mass (for example 1000 pounds, or 454 kg) of a breaking explosive contained in a steel casing. The blast and fragmentation effects created by detonation of the explosive exploding will only be as great as if the bomb first entered the target.

  When such a bomb is dropped from an airplane, it will have a considerable kinetic energy that can be increased in flight if the bomb is equipped with its own propulsion device. Conventionally, the multipurpose bomb relied on its kinetic energy, which depends on its speed and partly also its considerable mass, to ensure penetration into the target.

  However, there are a number of circumstances in which the desired penetration into the target can not be achieved. For example, a ricochet may occur, especially in the case of a low angle of attack or angle of attack, and (or if the surface of the target is particularly hard.) In the case of a higher angle of attack, the front or nose of the bomb can penetrate the surface, but instead of the body of the bomb following suitably, the bomb can tilt, the partially buried front playing the role of pivot.

  These causes of poor penetration are more likely to occur when the kinetic energy of the bomb has a low impact value. The problems thus sketched become particularly acute in the case of what is known as a plane bomb, which can be designed to be dropped from an airplane at a considerable horizontal distance, perhaps even several kilometers. , of the target. Such a bomb will have its own propulsion and guidance device, and it may be equipped with a target search device. For example, it can be guided by laser.

  the speed of such a bomb at the impact on the target can be relatively low, according to its guidance command, l it can be for example equal to or less than 12n put the angle of impact could be equal to or less than 1n relative to the horizontal, although this may possibly be controlled by the terminal guidance.

  The present invention seeks to provide a means of solving, or at least reducing, the above-mentioned difficulty without introducing an excessive weight penalty, which risks departing from the final efficiency, by the introduction of a means of to improve the penetration of the bomb without increasing the impact speed of the bomb.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a multipurpose bomb for attacking hard targets, said bomb comprising a bomb body, a high mass of explosive breaking contained in the body and a penetration charge head or cone. located in front position relative to the body of the bomb, the load cone being a forward-facing hollow load device, the load cone comprising an annular age-annealing of at least one shaped load or hollow load, arrangement arranged around the longitudinal axis of the bomb.

  Preferably, each hollow charge is inclined outwardly with respect to said longitudinal axis, for example at an angle of between 10 and 20.

  According to another preferred aspect of the invention, the annular arrangement of the hollow charges may comprise several hollow charges distributed around the longitudinal axis of the bomb.

  In a convenient arrangement, the various hollow charges consist of a single mass of smashing explosive carrying a plurality of depressions formed in its front face, each of said depressions being coated with a metal liner.

  Each hollow charge preferably comprises a liner whose shape is such that it ensures a relatively diffuse jet during the detonation and therefore acts on a diffuse zone of the surface of the target. When several hollow charges are used, each of the said hollow charges may be of the Nlisznay Schardin type.

  The diffuse areas covered by the axial loads preferably overlap to attack, in combination, an area or area of the target surface at least as large as the body cross-sectional area of the body. the bomb.

  According to another form of the invention, the annular arrangement of the hollow charges may comprise an annular mass of explosive having an annular hollow on its front face, this hollow containing a metal liner constituting one or more hollow charges.

  The penetration charge cone will normally require a separate primer to prime the penetration charge cone at an appropriate time.

  Conveniently, the penetration charge cone primer is a proximity fuse or primer for initiating the penetration charge cone at a predetermined distance from the target.

  The mass of explosive breaking contained in the body of the bomb will normally require a separate primer, and that one may be adapted for initiation after a predetermined time from the initiation time of the primer of the cone of penetration charge.

  Preferably, the delay time interval will be adjustable to obtain maximum effect against different forms of targets.

  Alternatively, the primer or detonator of the exploding explosive mass may be actuated independently of the penetration charge cone, for example as a result of the detection of the impact on a target.

  In order to prevent "sympathetic" detonation of the exploding mass of explosive, it may be preferable to provide a breath deflecting screen located between the exploding explosive mass and the penetration charge cone.

  The nose or the front of the body of the bomb can form such a screen.

  Alternatively or additionally, there can be provided a screen or metal shield interposed between the mass of explosive breaking and the penetration charge cone, the shield being shaped so as to deviate, to es distance from the mass of explosive breaking, the breath and fragments created by the penetration charge cone.

  A layer of a shock attenuating role material, for example a plastic material, can advantageously be interposed between the screen or shield and the mass of explosive smashing.

  The multipurpose bomb according to the invention may be a planing bomb intended to be dropped at a distance from a target, and may comprise a guiding device for guiding the bomb towards a target chosen in advance.

  The planing bomb can also incorporate a propulsion device.

  The penetration charging cone may be contained in a separate module, which is detachable from the body of the bomb.

  In this case, the module may conveniently also contain one or more of the following elements, namely a detonator primer, a security and arming unit, a fairing which connects smoothly to the body profile of the bomb, a screen or metal shield, and a shock attenuator.

  The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a multipurpose, unguided bomb intended to hit a hard target, according to the invention; Fig. 2 is an end view of the bomb shown in Fig. 1 showing the configuration of the charging cone of the indenter; Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation of another configuration of the penetration charging cone; Figure 4 is an end elevation of the load cone shown in Figure 3; FIG. 5 shows a portion of a planing bomb equipped with a module comprising a penetration charging cone 10 according to the invention; and Fig. 6 is an end section, along line UI-VI of Fig. 5, showing the configuration of the penetration charge cone.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a 454 kg (1000 lb) unmanned multi-purpose bomb to be dropped from an aircraft to attack hard targets includes a steel bomb body 1 having a plurality of troughs 2 in its wall for produce the effect of so-called "P" charges, similar to several hollow charges. The body of the bomb can be filled with a mas-se of explosive breaking 3, which is initiated by a primer 4 with inertial sensitivity and a detonator 5, the primer comprising a security and arming unit and a device electronic delay adjustment. The body 1 also comprises stabilizing fins 6.

  The body 1 of the bomb has a thickened wall in the front portion 7, or nose, and this front portion has an axial threaded blind hole, to receive a conventional rocket primer. c threaded hole is used to fix, by means of a screw 8, a module 9 containing a penetration load cone 10.

  The penetration charging cone 10 comprises a front-loaded hollow charge role device comprising a certain mass of breaking explosive 11 contained in a metal casing 12, which is for example made of aluminum or steel. The envelope 12 comprises a front cover 13 having four rounded recesses 14, each being lined with a suitable metallic lining of aluminum, copper or the like. These four recesses are symmetrically distributed around the longitudinal axis of the bomb, as shown in FIG. 2, to exert the effect of four Misznay Schardin1chacune charges inclined outwards, with respect to said axis, from an angle (* (whose value can be of the order of 10 to 20. The penetration charge cone also comprises a detonator 15.

  Alternatively, the penetration charging cone could comprise an annular shaped hollow charge represented in FIGS. 3 and 4, comprising an annular mass of breaking explosive 16 presenting on its front face a V-shaped annular groove, the groove being jacketed. a metal liner 17 suitable copper, aluminum or other metal.

  The penetration charging cone 10 comprises a capacitive detector 18 for a rocket or proximity primer and a security and arming unit 19, both operating separately from the corresponding units associated with the charge of the main breaking explosive of the bomb. The penetration load may also include a lightweight cylindrical fairing. The fairing matches the profile of the body 1 of the bomb.

  In order to avoid "sympathetic" detonation of the main charge 3, a metal screen 21 for shielding can be interposed between the penetration charge 10 and the nose or nose 7 of the body of the bomb. A shock attenuation layer 22, for example a plastic, may be interposed between the screen 21 and the front As an additional precaution, the shroud 20 may include openings 23 to facilitate a dissipation of the breath towards the body. rear produced by the load 1 'military' penetration.

  During commissioning, the primer 4 is set to a delay or delay appropriate to the target, before the beginning of a mission. The delay or delay is chosen so as to allow the bomb to penetrate sufficiently into the chosen target before the detonation of the main charge. A bomb is dropped from an aircraft at a suitable time, and it hits the target after a free fall, with a high residual speed, the security and arming units associated with detonators 4 and 15 before being activated. .

  The proximity detector 18 has the role of initiating, via the detonator 15, the penetration charge 10, at a suitable distance from the target. The four Misznay Schardin effect jets created during the detonation of the charge 1i form on the target a divergent zone of action whose effects overlap in order to create a hole or a crater or a volume of highly damaged material of the target. this material having a diameter greater than that of the body 1 of the bomb. The body of the bomb can thus penetrate into the target and the main charge 3 is then subjected to detonation after a delay or appropriate delay governed by the primer or fuse 4, so as to exert a maximum disruptive effect on the target.

  In Figure 5, there is shown a module 30 for a planing bomb, containing a cone or penetration head 31 and incorporating a laser guiding unit 32 and ignition rocket. The module comprises a metallic element 33 of structure, for example made of steel, having a male threaded portion 34 which comes into contact with a threaded hole formed in the nose or before the body of the bomb, in place of a classic rocket boot. The body 1 of the bomb contains a large mass of explosive breaking 3, weighing for example 454 kg (1000 pounds).

  The element 33 comprises five similar cavities, substantially cylindrical in shape, uniformly distributed around the longitudinal axis of the body of the bomb, each cavity having its cylindrical axis inclined outwards, with respect to the axis of the body of the body. bomb, at an angle between 10 and 20. Each cavity 35 contains a bursting explosive mass 36, and a liner 37 (eg copper, aluminum, and other suitable metal) of hollow charge. The liners 37 each have a concave shape, to provide, upon detonation of the explosive mass 36, which is associated with it, a Misznay-Schardin-type jet or other hollow charge diffusing jet. This creates five separate hollow charges within the penetration charge cone. These hollow charges can be initiated simultaneously, by means of a detonating cord ignition system 38, which is initiated at an appropriate time under the control of the ignition rocket unit 32, via an axial channel. 39 passing through the element 33. A security and arming unit 40 prevents premature ignition.

  The penetration load is covered with a light fairing 41 conforming to the profile of the body 1 of the bomb. It is possible to use no shielding screen or any impact attenuator between front or nose 7 and the penetration load. The planing bomb may comprise a rocket motor (not shown) for its propulsion, and the Laser guidance can adjust the direction of ole with duck-like fins 42, and with other aerodynamic controls located at the rear of the bomb body (not shown). Such a planing bomb can be dropped from an aircraft at a considerable distance from the target, and despite its rocket propulsion, it will probably reach the target at a relatively low speed and perhaps at a low angle of attack. . When the target is detected, the firing rocket 32, acting through the channel 39 and the detonating cord 38, is used to initiate, at a suitable distance from the target, the five hollow charges 36, 37. hollow are outwardly inclined, and that they are intended to produce effects on areas that overlap, they create, in the target, a crater or an opening of sufficient size to allow the body 1 of the bomb to penetrate in the target. The main charge 3 located within the body of the bomb is then initiated by an ignition fuse with inertial sensitivity (not shown) after a predetermined variable delay or delay, set by the main rocket system of amorçano.

  It follows from the description above that

  penetration load according to the invention may be an integral part of the bomb, or may exist as a separate module. In either case, the penetration charge creates an opening or crater in the target in which the bomb can penetrate before detonation, effectively combating any ricochet or rocking effect. . The bomb can thus reliably be detonated when the bomb is in a position beneath the (outside) surface of the target, where its disruptive blast effect is greatly magnified.

Claims (34)

  A multi-purpose bomb for attacking hard targets, said bomb comprising a bomb body, a large mass of a smashing explosive contained within said bomb body and a charge, or a loading cone, of penetration placed thereon ( e) in the forward position with respect to the body of the bomb, the penetration load being a forwardly directed hollow charge device, characterized in that the penetration charge comprises a ring gear of at least a hollow charge II, 13; 16, 17; arranged around the longitudinal axis of the bomb (1).   2. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 1, characterized in that each hollow charge is inclined outwards with respect to said longitudinal axis.   3. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 2, characterized in that each hollow charge is inclined outwards at an angle of between 10 and 20 with respect to said longitudinal axis.   4. Multipurpose bomb according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the annular agency-ment of the hollow charges comprises a plurality of hollow charges (13, 14).   5. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 4, characterized in that the various hollow charges consist of a single mass of a smashing explosive (11), on the front of which are formed several recesses (13) each of which is. coated with a metal liner (17).   6. Multipurpose bomb according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each hollow charge comprises a liner (17) of such shape that it provides, during the detonation, a relatively diffuse jet and therefore an action on a diffuse area of the target's surface.   7. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that each of the various hollow charges is of the Misznay-Schardin type.   8. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the diffuse areas covered by the individual charges overlap, so as to attack in combination an area of the target surface at least as large as the area of cross-sectional area of the body (l of the bomb.   9. Multipurpose bomb according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the annular agency-ment of the hollow charges comprises an annular mass of an explosive (16 before on its front face an annular hollow containing a metal liner 17) for hollow charge.   10. Multipurpose bomb according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the penetration charge (10) comprises a separate fuse to initiate, at an appropriate time, the load (10) penetration.   The multipurpose bomb of claim 10, characterized in that the firing start fuse is a proximity fuse (18) for initiating the filler (10) by acting at a predetermined distance from the target.   12. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 10 or claim 11, characterized in that the mass (3) of explosive breaking enclosed in the body (1) of the bomb comprises a separate rocket, intended to be initiated after a delay time. ordelay predetermined with respect to the firing of the fuse (18) of the penetration filler.   13. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 12, characterized in that the time period is adjustable to obtain maximum effect against different forms of targets.   14. Multipurpose bomb according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it carries a rocket for priming the mass of explosive breaking (3), this rocket can be actuated independently of the load (10). ) penetration.   15. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 14, characterized in that the rocket for detonation initiation of the mass of explosive breaking is intended to operate during the detection of the impact on a target.   16. A multipurpose bomb according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a screen (21) of deflection of breath, a screen placed between the mass (3) of explosive breaking and the load 10) of penetration.   17. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 16, characterized in that the nose or front of the body (1) of the bomb constitutes said screen.   1B. Multipurpose bomb according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the screen or shield comprises, or consists of, a metal deflector (21) of blast interposed between the mass (3) of the breaking explosive and the charge (10). ) of penetration, the blast baffle being configured to separate, from the mass of explosive breaking (3), the breath and the fragments created by the penetration charge (10).   19. A multipurpose bomb according to claim 18, characterized in that it comprises a layer (23) of a shock attenuation material, interposed between the deflector (21) of breath and the mass (3) of explosive breaking .   20. Multipurpose bomb according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a planing bomb intended to be dropped to a large distance from a target, this bomb having a guiding device for guiding the bomb to a chosen target in advance.   21. A multipurpose bomb according to claim 20, characterized in that it comprises a propulsion device.   22. A module for attachment to the nose or front of a multipurpose bomb for hard target attack, said module (30) comprising a penetration charge (31) which is a charged device (s). ) hollow (s) directed forward, characterized in that the hollow charge device comprises an annular arrangement of at least one hollow charge (36, 37) arranged around the longitudinal axis of the module (30).   23. Module according to claim 24, characterized in that each hollow charge (36, 37) is inclined outwardly with respect to said longitudinal axis.   24. A module according to claim 25, characterized in that each hollow charge (36, 37) is inclined outwardly by an angle of between 10 and 20 with respect to said longitudinal axis.   25. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the arrangement of the hollow charges comprises a plurality of hollow charges (36, 37).   26. Module according to claim 25, characterized in that the various hollow charges consist of a single mass of explosive breaking (36) having, formed on its front face, several recesses or cavities (35), each of these hollow 27. A module according to any one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that each hollow charge comprises a liner of such shape that it provides during the detonation, a relatively diffuse jet and therefore a action on a diffuse area of the target's surface.   29. Module according to one of claims 25 or _u, characterized in that each of the various hollow chnrsns is of the Misznay-Schardin type.   29. Module according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the diffuse areas covered by the individual charges overlap so as to attack, in combination, an area or area of the surface of the target at least as large as the area cross-sectional area of the module (30).   50. The module of claim 22, characterized in that the annular arrangement of the hollow charges comprises an annular mass of explosive '36) having on its front face, an annular recess which contains a liner (37) for hollow charge.   31. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 30, characterized in that it comprises a rocket 32) for initiating, at a suitable instant, the load (31) of penetration.   32. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 31, characterized in that it incorporates a blast baffle located at the rear of the load (31) of penetration.   33. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 32, characterized in that it incorporates a layer of a shock attenuation material disposed at the rear of the load (31) of penetration.   34. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 33, characterized in that it incorporates a unit 40) for security and arming.   35. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 34, characterized in that it comprises a device (33, 34, 7) for fixing the module (30) to the front end of a body ( 1) bomb.   36. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 35, characterized in that it comprises a shroud (41).