FR2862435A1 - Electricity producing installation for motor vehicle, has compressors to compress air, and liquid water injectors to inject liquid water into air flow in upstream and downstream of compressors - Google Patents

Electricity producing installation for motor vehicle, has compressors to compress air, and liquid water injectors to inject liquid water into air flow in upstream and downstream of compressors Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2862435A1
FR2862435A1 FR0313471A FR0313471A FR2862435A1 FR 2862435 A1 FR2862435 A1 FR 2862435A1 FR 0313471 A FR0313471 A FR 0313471A FR 0313471 A FR0313471 A FR 0313471A FR 2862435 A1 FR2862435 A1 FR 2862435A1
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compressor
fuel cell
water
upstream
compressors
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French (fr)
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FR2862435B1 (en
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Cecile Bernay
David Gerard
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F02C7/1435—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages by water injection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/212—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by water injection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The installation has a fuel cell supplying electrical power to a motor vehicle, and a burner (4) to burn gas at the output of the fuel cell. Compressors (12, 18) compress the air necessary for the components of an air system (6) and a water circuit (7). Liquid water injectors (16, 17) inject liquid water into the air flow in the upstream and downstream of the compressors. Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) a process for production of electricity; and (b) a vehicle with an installation for electricity production aboard the motor vehicle.

Description

Dispositif d'humidification cathodique et de gestionCathodic humidification and management device

thermique d'un système pile à combustible L'invention concerne un dispositif d'humidification cathodique et de gestion thermique d'un système pile à combustible.  The invention relates to a device for cathodic humidification and thermal management of a fuel cell system.

io Les piles à combustible sont notamment utilisées pour fournir de l'énergie électrique nécessaire à la propulsion de véhicules automobiles et ou à l'alimentation de leurs dispositifs auxiliaires. La pile à combustible est alors embarquée à bord du véhicule.  Fuel cells are used in particular to supply electrical energy necessary for the propulsion of motor vehicles and the supply of their auxiliary devices. The fuel cell is then embarked on board the vehicle.

Une pile à combustible est constituée principalement de deux électrodes, une anode et une cathode, qui sont séparées par un électrolyte. Ce type de pile permet la conversion directe en énergie électrique de l'énergie produite par les réactions d'oxydo-réduction suivantes: - une réaction d'oxydation d'un combustible, ou carburant, qui alimente l'anode en continu; et - une réaction de réduction d'un comburant qui alimente la cathode en continu.  A fuel cell consists mainly of two electrodes, anode and a cathode, which are separated by an electrolyte. This type of cell allows the direct conversion into electrical energy of the energy produced by the following oxidation-reduction reactions: an oxidation reaction of a fuel, or fuel, which feeds the anode continuously; and a reduction reaction of an oxidant which feeds the cathode continuously.

Les piles à combustible utilisées pour fournir de l'énergie électrique à bord de véhicules automobiles sont généralement du type à électrolyte solide, notamment à électrolyte formé par une membrane en polymère. Une telle pile utilise notamment de l'hydrogène (H2) et de l'oxygène (02) en guise de combustible et de comburant respectivement. L'hydrogène utilisé pour alimenter la pile peut soit être produit par un système de reformage d'un carburant, soit être fourni directement à partir d'un réservoir d'hydrogène spécifique.  The fuel cells used to supply electrical energy in motor vehicles are generally of the solid electrolyte type, in particular with an electrolyte formed by a polymer membrane. Such a cell uses in particular hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (02) as fuel and oxidant respectively. The hydrogen used to feed the cell can either be produced by a fuel reforming system or can be supplied directly from a specific hydrogen tank.

Contrairement aux moteurs thermiques qui rejettent avec les gaz d'échappement une quantité non négligeable de substances polluantes, la pile à combustible offre notamment l'avantage de rejeter principalement de l'eau qui est produite par la réaction de réduction à la cathode.  Unlike thermal engines that discharge with the exhaust gas a significant amount of polluting substances, the fuel cell offers the particular advantage of rejecting mainly water that is produced by the reduction reaction at the cathode.

La pile rejette aussi une partie du comburant qui n'a pas réagi sous forme de gaz d'évacuation cathodique et elle rejette éventuellement une partie du carburant qui n'a pas réagi sous forme de gaz d'évacuation anodique. Dans ce dernier cas, le carburant est généralement brûlé avant d'être rejeté dans l'atmosphère sous forme de vapeur d'eau.  The cell also rejects a portion of the unreacted oxidant as cathodic evacuation gas and eventually rejects a portion of the unreacted fuel as anode exhaust gas. In the latter case, the fuel is usually burned before being released into the atmosphere as water vapor.

Le comburant est généralement humidifié avant d'être injecté à la cathode de façon à ce que la membrane en matériau polymère ne soit pas endommagée, par exemple par assèchement. L'humidification en entrée cathodique assure un bon fonctionnement du système et procure de bonnes performances à la pile à combustible. Cette opération d'humidification peut également être appliquée au carburant dans et / ou avant d'entrer à l'anode.  The oxidant is generally moistened before being injected at the cathode so that the membrane of polymeric material is not damaged, for example by dewatering. The humidification at the cathode inlet ensures a good functioning of the system and gives good performances to the fuel cell. This humidification operation can also be applied to the fuel in and / or before entering the anode.

L'eau nécessaire à l'humidification de la membrane est généralement récupérée en sortie de pile, et plus particulièrement dans les gaz d'évacuation cathodique qui comportent de l'eau, sous forme liquide ou vapeur, qui est produite par la réaction de réduction du comburant à la cathode.  The water required for humidification of the membrane is generally recovered at the outlet of the cell, and more particularly in the cathodic evacuation gases which comprise water, in liquid or vapor form, which is produced by the reduction reaction. from the oxidant to the cathode.

La récupération d'eau à la sortie de la cathode présente en effet l'avantage de ne pas avoir à renouveler fréquemment les réserves d'eau du véhicule. De plus, si suffisamment d'eau peut être récupéré pour humidifier la membrane, il n'est pas nécessaire que le véhicule soit équipé d'un réservoir d'eau de volume important.  The water recovery at the outlet of the cathode has the advantage of not having to frequently renew the water reserves of the vehicle. In addition, if enough water can be recovered to humidify the membrane, it is not necessary that the vehicle is equipped with a water tank of large volume.

Le générateur d'électricité pile à combustible peut utiliser différents carburants tels que l'essence, l'hydrogène ou leurs équivalents qui sont facilement stockables dans le véhicule et largement disponible grâce au réseau de distribution existant.  The fuel cell electricity generator can use different fuels such as gasoline, hydrogen or their equivalents that are easily storable in the vehicle and widely available through the existing distribution network.

Pour un générateur utilisant de l'essence, en phase de fonctionnement normal, le système reformeur reforme le carburant et produit un débit de reformât riche en hydrogène. Cet hydrogène alimente la pile à combustible qui délivre un courant électrique permettant d'assurer avec la batterie la propulsion du véhicule par l'intermédiaire d'un moteur électrique et / ou l'alimentation directe des systèmes auxiliaires du véhicule.  For a generator using gasoline, in the normal operating phase, the reformer system reformulates the fuel and produces a hydrogen-rich reformate flow. This hydrogen feeds the fuel cell which delivers an electric current to ensure with the battery the propulsion of the vehicle through an electric motor and / or the direct supply of auxiliary systems of the vehicle.

En fonctionnement, la pile demande usuellement à être humidifiée en entrée anodique et cathodique. Du côté io cathodique, un dispositif spécifique humidifie l'air provenant du système de compression. De plus, le fonctionnement d'un système pile à combustible incluant un reformeur demande une pression d'air élevée qui est générée par un compresseur inclus dans le système. Lors de la compression de l'air, la température des gaz en sortie de compresseur augmente. Pour la rendre compatible avec la température de la pile, il est connu de d'ajouter un échangeur en sortie de compresseur.  In operation, the battery usually requires to be humidified anode and cathode input. On the cathode side, a specific device humidifies the air from the compression system. In addition, the operation of a fuel cell system including a reformer requires a high air pressure which is generated by a compressor included in the system. During the compression of the air, the temperature of the compressor outlet gas increases. To make it compatible with the temperature of the battery, it is known to add a heat exchanger at the compressor outlet.

Le document US-6268074 décrit un procédé d'injection d'eau en entrée du compresseur. Il présente en outre un système où l'injection de l'eau se fait en amont du compresseur et dont l'objectif est d'augmenter le rendement du compresseur en réduisant sa consommation électrique.  US-6268074 discloses a method of injecting water into the compressor inlet. It also has a system where the injection of water is upstream of the compressor and whose objective is to increase the efficiency of the compressor by reducing its power consumption.

L'objet de la présente invention est de répondre d'une part à la contrainte d'humidification du côté cathodique et, d'autre part, au besoin de refroidissement du flux d'air comprimé.  The object of the present invention is to respond on the one hand to the humidification stress on the cathode side and, on the other hand, to the need for cooling the flow of compressed air.

La présente invention fournit une installation de production d'électricité à bord d'un véhicule automobile, du type comprenant une pile à combustible comprenant un moyen de fourniture d'hydrogène et d'un moyen de génération d'énergie électrique à partir dudit hydrogène et d'un comburant, ladite pile à combustible étant prévue pour fournir une puissance électrique audit véhicule, un moyen permettant de brûler les gaz en sortie de ladite pile à combustible, au moins un compresseur permettant de comprimer l'air nécessaire aux composants du système et un circuit d'eau, caractérisée en ce que ledit compresseur est en amont du circuit cathodique et en ce que l'installation comporte en plus des moyens d'injection d'eau liquide dans le flux d'air en amont et en aval dudit compresseur.  The present invention provides an onboard power generation plant of the type comprising a fuel cell comprising a hydrogen supply means and a means for generating electrical energy from said hydrogen and an oxidant, said fuel cell being provided to provide electric power to said vehicle, means for burning the gases at the outlet of said fuel cell, at least one compressor for compressing the air required for the components of the system and a water circuit, characterized in that said compressor is upstream of the cathode circuit and in that the installation further comprises means for injecting liquid water into the airstream upstream and downstream of said compressor .

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention: - l'installation comporte un calculateur déterminant le débit d'eau nécessaire à injecter dans le flux d'air, en réponse aux signaux reçus depuis des capteurs de température situés en amont et en aval dudit compresseur; io l'installation comporte un premier compresseur inclus dans le premier étage de compression et destiné à alimenter le deuxième compresseur du deuxième étage de compression; - l'injection d'eau se fait sélectivement par le calculateur en amont ou en aval dudit compresseur; le premier compresseur est entraîné par un moteur et le second compresseur est entraîné par une turbine; - un circuit d'eau comprend des condenseurs en sortie anodique et cathodique permettant de récupérer de l'eau sous forme liquide; - l'installation comprend un reformeur qui alimente la pile à combustible en carburant et qui rejette des gaz d'échappement sous pression qui sont injectés dans la turbine, ladite turbine étant aussi alimentée par les gaz d'échappement cathodiques.  According to other characteristics of the invention: the installation comprises a calculator determining the flow of water necessary to inject into the air flow, in response to the signals received from temperature sensors located upstream and downstream of said compressor; the installation comprises a first compressor included in the first compression stage and intended to supply the second compressor of the second compression stage; - The injection of water is selectively by the computer upstream or downstream of said compressor; the first compressor is driven by a motor and the second compressor is driven by a turbine; a water circuit comprises condensers at anodic and cathodic output making it possible to recover water in liquid form; the installation comprises a reformer which supplies fuel to the fuel cell and which rejects pressurized exhaust gases which are injected into the turbine, said turbine being also fed by the cathodic exhaust gases.

L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de production d'électricité à bord d'un véhicule automobile, du type comprenant une pile à combustible comprenant un moyen de fourniture d'hydrogène et d'un moyen de génération d'énergie électrique à partir dudit hydrogène et d'un comburant, ladite pile à combustible étant prévue pour fournir une puissance électrique audit véhicule, un moyen permettant de brûler les gaz en sortie de ladite pile à combustible, au moins un compresseur permettant de comprimer l'air nécessaire aux composants du système et un circuit d'eau, le procédé opérant en mesurant la température du flux d'air en sortie de chacun des compresseurs par des capteurs de température; et en évaluant le débit d'eau nécessaire à injecter sélectivement en aval et en amont du compresseur par un calculateur.  The invention also relates to a method for producing electricity on board a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a fuel cell comprising means for supplying hydrogen and means for generating electrical energy from said hydrogen and an oxidant, said fuel cell being provided to provide electrical power to said vehicle, means for burning the gases at the outlet of said fuel cell, at least one compressor for compressing the air required for the system components and a water circuit, the method operating by measuring the temperature of the air flow at the outlet of each of the compressors by temperature sensors; and evaluating the water flow necessary to inject selectively downstream and upstream of the compressor by a computer.

L'invention s'applique en outre à un véhicule comprenant une telle installation de production d'électricité à bord d'un véhicule automobile, du type comprenant une pile à combustible ou utilisant un tel procédé de production d'électricité.  The invention is also applicable to a vehicle comprising such an electricity production facility on board a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a fuel cell or using such a method of producing electricity.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude d'un mode de réalisation pris à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif et io illustré par les dessins annexés, sur lesquels: - la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une installation de production d'électricité qui est embarquée à bord d'un véhicule automobile, selon l'invention.  The present invention will be better understood from the study of an embodiment taken by way of nonlimiting example and illustrated by the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a production facility; electricity which is embedded in a motor vehicle, according to the invention.

La figure 1 montre un générateur d'électricité 1 avec pile à combustible à reformeur essence 2 associé à un système de contrôle pour des applications de type traction de véhicule ou de type source auxiliaire de puissance (APU). Le générateur d'électricité 1 permet la transformation de l'énergie embarquée dans le véhicule en une puissance électrique.  FIG. 1 shows an electricity generator 1 with a fuel reformer fuel cell 2 associated with a control system for vehicle traction type or auxiliary power source type (APU) applications. The electricity generator 1 allows the conversion of the energy embedded in the vehicle into an electric power.

Le générateur 1 comprend: - un calculateur 22 du système; - un reformeur 2 de carburant permettant de transformer le carburant liquide en un reformât riche en hydrogène pour alimenter un assemblage membrane-électrodres 3 de la pile côté anode; - un assemblage membrane-électrodres 3 de la pile à combustible qui transforme l'hydrogène avec de l'air en une puissance électrique; - un brûleur 4 brûlant les gaz anodiques; - un échangeur 5 en sortie de reformeur 2 destiné à faire monter en température l'assemblage membrane-électrodres 3 de la pile à combustible.  The generator 1 comprises: a computer 22 of the system; a fuel reformer 2 for transforming the liquid fuel into a hydrogen-rich reformate for supplying a membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the anode-side cell; a membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the fuel cell which converts the hydrogen with air into an electrical power; a burner 4 burning the anode gases; an exchanger 5 at the exit of reformer 2 intended to make the membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the fuel cell warm up.

Un système d'air 6 permet de comprimer l'air nécessaire aux différents composants du système. De plus, le générateur d'électricité 1 comprend un circuit d'eau 7 incluant au moins un condenseur. Comme le montre la figure 1, le mode d'utilisation représenté selon l'invention comprend deux condenseurs 8 et 9 situés respectivement aux sorties cathodique et anodique de l'assemblage membrane-électrodres 3 de la pile, ainsi qu'un réservoir d'eau liquide 10 embarqué dans le véhicule.  An air system 6 compresses the air necessary for the various components of the system. In addition, the electricity generator 1 comprises a water circuit 7 including at least one condenser. As shown in FIG. 1, the use mode represented according to the invention comprises two condensers 8 and 9 situated respectively at the cathode and anode outlets of the membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the cell, as well as a water tank. 10 liquid embedded in the vehicle.

Le système d'air comprend deux étages de compression. Le premier étage 11 de compression comprend un compresseur 12 destiné à comprimer l'air vers le deuxième étage de io compression 13. Ce premier étage de compression est motorisé à l'aide d'un moteur électrique 14. Le deuxième étage de compression 13 est lié à une turbine 15 récupérant d'une part l'énergie des gaz d'échappement provenant de l'échangeur 5 et d'autre part l'énergie des gaz d'échappement provenant du circuit cathodique. Cette turbine 15 est destinée à entraîner le compresseur 18 du deuxième étage de compression 13.  The air system has two stages of compression. The first compression stage 11 comprises a compressor 12 intended to compress the air towards the second compression stage 13. This first compression stage is motorized by means of an electric motor 14. The second compression stage 13 is linked to a turbine 15 recovering on the one hand the energy of the exhaust gas from the exchanger 5 and on the other hand the energy of the exhaust gas from the cathode circuit. This turbine 15 is intended to drive the compressor 18 of the second compression stage 13.

Le circuit d'eau 7 inclut des condenseurs 8 et 9 en sortie anodique et cathodique de l'assemblage membrane-électrodres 3 de la pile à combustible permettant de récupérer l'eau sous forme liquide. Le circuit d'eau 7 inclut un réservoir de stockage de l'eau 10, une pompe, non représentée, pour assurer les différentes alimentations des boucles d'eau. Deux injecteurs 16 et 17 d'eau liquide (ou une technologie équivalente telle qu'une vanne associée à un débitmètre) sont placés en aval de chacun des deux compresseurs 12 et 18 afin de pouvoir injecter de l'eau liquide dans le flux d'air comprimé. Cette injection d'eau liquide permet par vaporisation de l'eau liquide d'humidifier le flux d'air tout en diminuant la température de l'air.  The water circuit 7 includes condensers 8 and 9 at the anodic and cathodic output of the membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the fuel cell for recovering the water in liquid form. The water circuit 7 includes a water storage tank 10, a pump, not shown, to ensure the different feeds of the water loops. Two injectors 16 and 17 of liquid water (or equivalent technology such as a valve associated with a flow meter) are placed downstream of each of the two compressors 12 and 18 in order to be able to inject liquid water into the flow of water. pressurized air. This injection of liquid water makes it possible, by vaporization of the liquid water, to humidify the flow of air while reducing the temperature of the air.

Le système permettant de gérer l'humidification cathodique et la gestion thermique du système pile à combustible comprend un capteur de température 20 à la sortie du premier étage de compression Il, qui permet de connaître la température du flux d'air. Le débit d'eau nécessaire à injecter est alors évalué par le calculateur 22 afin de permettre une diminution de la température suffisante avant d'entrer dans le deuxième compresseur 18. De plus, le système comprend un second capteur de température 24 à la sortie du deuxième étage de compression 13, pour connaître la température de ce flux d'air.  The system for managing the cathodic humidification and the thermal management of the fuel cell system comprises a temperature sensor 20 at the outlet of the first compression stage Il, which makes it possible to know the temperature of the air flow. The flow rate of water required for injection is then evaluated by the computer 22 to allow a reduction in the sufficient temperature before entering the second compressor 18. In addition, the system comprises a second temperature sensor 24 at the exit of the second compression stage 13, to know the temperature of this air flow.

Le débit d'eau nécessaire à injecter est évalué par le calculateur 22 afin de permettre une diminution de la température jusqu'à une température compatible avec la température de fonctionnement de l'assemblage membrane-électrodres 3 de la pile à combustible.  The flow rate of water required for injection is evaluated by the computer 22 in order to allow the temperature to be reduced to a temperature compatible with the operating temperature of the membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the fuel cell.

io Le calculateur 22 associé au système mesure donc les températures en sortie des deux compresseurs 12 et 18, en amont de la cathode et ajuste les débits d'eau à injecter pour diminuer la température du flux d'air. Cet ajout d'eau permet d'humidifier l'air entrant dans l'assemblage membrane- électrodres 3 de la pile à combustible. Un des avantages de ce système est d'assurer l'humidification de l'entrée cathodique de l'assemblage membrane-électrodres 3 de la pile à combustible tout en assurant la diminution de la température du flux d'air en sortie cathodique.  The computer 22 associated with the system therefore measures the temperatures at the output of the two compressors 12 and 18, upstream of the cathode and adjusts the flow rates of water to be injected to reduce the temperature of the air flow. This addition of water makes it possible to humidify the air entering the membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the fuel cell. One of the advantages of this system is to humidify the cathode input of the membrane-electrodrive assembly 3 of the fuel cell while ensuring the decrease of the temperature of the cathodic outlet air flow.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Installation de production d'électricité à bord d'un véhicule automobile, du type comprenant une pile à combustible comprenant un moyen de fourniture d'hydrogène (2) et d'un moyen de génération d'énergie électrique (3) à partir dudit io hydrogène et d'un comburant, ladite pile à combustible (3) étant prévue pour fournir une puissance électrique audit véhicule, un moyen permettant de brûler les gaz en sortie de ladite pile à combustible, au moins un compresseur (18) permettant de comprimer l'air nécessaire aux composants du système et un circuit d'eau (7), caractérisée en ce que ledit compresseur (18) est en amont du circuit cathodique et en ce que l'installation comporte en plus des moyens d'injection d'eau liquide dans le flux d'air en amont et en aval dudit compresseur (18).  A power generation installation on board a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a fuel cell comprising a hydrogen supply means (2) and a means for generating electrical energy (3) from of said hydrogen and an oxidant, said fuel cell (3) being provided to provide electric power to said vehicle, means for burning the gases output from said fuel cell, at least one compressor (18) for compressing the air necessary for the system components and a water circuit (7), characterized in that said compressor (18) is upstream of the cathode circuit and in that the installation additionally comprises injection means for liquid water in the airstream upstream and downstream of said compressor (18). 2. Installation selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un calculateur (22) déterminant le débit d'eau nécessaire à injecter dans le flux d'air, en réponse aux signaux reçus depuis des capteurs de température (20, 24) situés en amont et en aval dudit compresseur (18).  2. Installation according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a computer (22) determining the flow of water necessary to inject into the air flow, in response to the signals received from temperature sensors (20, 24). ) located upstream and downstream of said compressor (18). 3. Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un premier compresseur (12) inclus dans le premier étage de compression (11) et destiné à alimenter le deuxième compresseur (18) du deuxième étage de compression (13).  3. Installation according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a first compressor (12) included in the first compression stage (11) and for supplying the second compressor (18) of the second stage of compression (13). 4. Installation selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'injection d'eau se fait sélectivement par le calculateur (22) en amont ou en aval dudit compresseur (18).  4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the water injection is selectively by the computer (22) upstream or downstream of said compressor (18). 5. Installation selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que le premier compresseur (12) est entraîné par un moteur (14) et que le second compresseur (18) est entraîné par une turbine.  5. Installation according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the first compressor (12) is driven by a motor (14) and the second compressor (18) is driven by a turbine. io  io 6. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit circuit d'eau (7) comprend des condenseurs (8, 9) en sortie anodique et cathodique permettant de récupérer de l'eau sous forme liquide.6. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said water circuit (7) comprises condensers (8, 9) anodic and cathodic output for recovering water in liquid form. 7. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit moyen d'injection d'eau liquide comprend un reformeur (2) qui alimente la Oie à combustible (3) en carburant et qui rejette des gaz d'échappement sous pression qui sont injectés dans la turbine (15), ladite turbine (15) étant aussi alimentée par les gaz d'échappement cathodiques.  7. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said liquid water injection means comprises a reformer (2) which feeds the fuel goose (3) with fuel and which rejects exhaust gas under pressure which are injected into the turbine (15), said turbine (15) being also fed by the cathode exhaust gases. 8. Procédé de production d'électricité à bord d'un véhicule automobile, du type comprenant une pile à combustible comprenant un moyen fourniture d'hydrogène (2) et d'un moyen de génération d'énergie électrique (3) à partir dudit hydrogène et d'un comburant, ladite pile à combustible (3) étant prévue pour fournir une puissance électrique audit véhicule, un moyen permettant de brûler les gaz en sortie de ladite pile à combustible, au moins un compresseur (18) permettant de comprimer l'air nécessaire aux composants du système et un circuit d'eau (7), le procédé opérant: - en mesurant la température du flux d'air en sortie de chacun des compresseurs (12, 18) par des capteurs de température; et 2862435 io - en évaluant le débit d'eau nécessaire à injecter sélectivement en aval et en amont du compresseur (18) par un calculateur (22).  A method for producing electricity on board a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a fuel cell comprising a hydrogen supply means (2) and a means for generating electrical energy (3) from said hydrogen and an oxidant, said fuel cell (3) being provided to supply an electrical power to said vehicle, means for burning the gases at the outlet of said fuel cell, at least one compressor (18) for compressing the fuel; air required for the system components and a water circuit (7), the method operating: - by measuring the temperature of the air flow at the outlet of each of the compressors (12, 18) by temperature sensors; and 2862435 io - by evaluating the flow of water necessary to inject selectively downstream and upstream of the compressor (18) by a computer (22). 9. Véhicule comprenant une installation de production d'électricité à bord d'un véhicule automobile, du type comprenant une pile à combustible, selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 ou utilisant un procédé de production d'électricité selon la revendication 8.  9. Vehicle comprising a power generation installation on board a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a fuel cell, according to one of claims 1 to 7 or using a method of generating electricity according to claim 8.
FR0313471A 2003-11-18 2003-11-18 CATHODIC HUMIDIFICATION AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT DEVICE OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM Expired - Fee Related FR2862435B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2928776A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-18 Renault Sas Fuel cell system for providing energy in motor vehicle, has electronic control unit with control module to control output of system depending on pressure in fuel cell membrane, where pressure is ranged between minimum and maximum pressures
EP2275656A3 (en) * 2009-07-15 2013-07-03 Rolls-Royce plc System for cooling cooling-air in a gas turbine engine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5432020A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-07-11 Daimler-Benz Ag Process and apparatus for humidifying process gas for operating fuel cell systems
US20020015870A1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2002-02-07 Ryan Cownden Fuel cell electric power generation system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5432020A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-07-11 Daimler-Benz Ag Process and apparatus for humidifying process gas for operating fuel cell systems
US20020015870A1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2002-02-07 Ryan Cownden Fuel cell electric power generation system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2928776A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-18 Renault Sas Fuel cell system for providing energy in motor vehicle, has electronic control unit with control module to control output of system depending on pressure in fuel cell membrane, where pressure is ranged between minimum and maximum pressures
EP2275656A3 (en) * 2009-07-15 2013-07-03 Rolls-Royce plc System for cooling cooling-air in a gas turbine engine

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