FR2841468A1 - The use in hair dyeing of chromoionophores and/or fluoroionophores as direct coloring agents and in compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of a chromoionophore and/or fluoroionophore consisting of one or more ionophore molecules covalently bonded to one or more chromophores or fluorophores as a direct colorant for the production of a hair dyeing composition. Independent claims are included for a hair dyeing composition comprising, in a suitable medium for hair dyeing, one or more cosmetic adjuvants other than water and the chromoionophores and/or fluoroionophores, for a method of dyeing hair and for a kit comprising two or more compartments, in one of which is the claimed composition and in the other composition comprising one or more ionic compounds.

Description

USE FOR THE DYEING OF FIBERS

  HUMAN KERATINICS OF A CHROMOIONOPHORE

  AND / OR FLUOROIONOPHORE, COMPOSITIONS AND

PROCESS OF STAIN

  The present invention relates to the field of dyeing human keratin fibers such as the hair. It relates more particularly to the use as a direct dye for dyeing human keratin fibers of a compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, a dyeing composition for dyeing human keratin fibers comprising, in a suitable medium, at least such a compound and at least one cosmetic adjunct, as well as methods for dyeing said fibers and a multi-compartment device for

dyeing said fibers.

  It is known to dye keratinous fibers and in particular human hair with dyeing compositions containing oxidation dye precursors, generally known as oxidation bases, such as ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, ortho20 or para-aminophenols. and heterocyclic compounds. These oxidation bases are colorless or weakly colored compounds which, combined with oxidizing products, give rise to a process

  from oxidative condensation to colored compounds.

  It is also known that the shades obtained with these oxidation bases can be varied by combining them with couplers or color modifiers, the latter being chosen in particular from aromatic meta-diamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols and certain compounds. heterocyclic compounds such as

indolic compounds.

  The variety of molecules involved in the oxidation bases and couplers allows a rich palette of colors to be obtained. This oxidation dyeing process consists in applying to the keratinous fibers oxidation bases or a mixture of oxidation bases and couplers with an oxidizing agent, for example hydrogen peroxide, to be allowed to pause, then to rinse the fibers. The resulting colorations are permanent, powerful, and resistant to external agents, including light,

  bad weather, washing, sweating and rubbing.

  It is also known to dye keratinous fibers by direct dyeing. The method conventionally used in direct dyeing consists in applying to the keratin fibers direct dyes which are colored and dyestuff molecules having an affinity for the fibers, allowing them to be paused and then rinsing the fibers. It is known, for example, to use nitrobenzene, anthraquinone, nitropyridine, azo, xanthene, direct dyes.

  acridinic, azine or triarylmethane.

  This results in particularly chromatic colorations which are however temporary or semi-permanent because of the nature of the bonds between the direct dyes and the keratinous fiber. These interactions make the desorption of dyes from the surface and / or

  heart of the fiber is easily done.

  These hair coloring products make it possible to change the

  hair color for a few weeks or a few months.

  However it can also be interesting to change the color of the hair for a few days or even a few hours and find the

  initial color without altering the integrity of the fiber.

  The problem raised at the origin of the present application is to propose new dyeing compositions for dyeing human keratinous fibers which make it possible to obtain chromatic colorings with homogeneous, stubborn and glossy reflections, and whose color can then be modified. simply, without adding another dye. Advantageously and unexpectedly, the applicant has discovered that it is possible to achieve this goal by using, in a medium suitable for dyeing human keratinous fibers, at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and

  fluoroionophores, as a direct dye.

  The dyeing compositions according to the invention make it possible to obtain a color which can then be modified for a few hours, a few days, a few weeks or a few months. The user can choose a color, change it to a second color and then choose to return to its original color or keep the second color without these color changes.

  do not cause a significant alteration of the hair.

  It is thus possible according to the invention to modulate the color of the chromoionophores / fluoroionophores before or after application to the

keratinous fibers.

  These compositions according to the invention make it possible to obtain particularly chromatic colors. They can be used

  to dye only a few locks or a complete hair.

  The dyes obtained by using the dye compositions according to the invention are resistant to bad weather, washing and transpiration. In addition, the chromoionophores and fluoroionophores are sufficiently stable in the presence of oxidizing and reducing agents to also allow lightening of the fiber either by use of direct lightening compositions containing them, or by the use of oxidation dyeing compositions containing them . These chromoionophores and fluoroionophores make it possible to dye the keratinous fibers in a very wide range of colors, in particular very chromatic, without forgetting the

  so-called "fundamental" shades such as blacks and chestnuts.

  The chromoionophores and fluoroionophores are compounds consisting of one or more ionophoric molecules covalently bonded to at least one molecule chosen from chromophores and fluorophores, said molecule chosen from chromophores and

  fluorophores preferably being a direct dye.

  A first object of the present application consists in the use as a direct dye, in or for the manufacture of compositions for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular hair, of at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, this compound consisting of at least one ionophore molecule covalently bound to at least one

  molecule selected from chromophores and fluorophores.

  A second object of the present invention relates to a dyeing composition for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular hair, comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing keratin fibers, at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, and at least one cosmetic adjuvant other than water. The cosmetic adjuvant may in particular be chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof, anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers, or mixtures thereof, mineral thickeners or organic, and in particular anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric associative polymers, antioxidants, penetrating agents, sequestering agents, perfumes, dispersing agents, conditioning agents such as, for example, volatile or nonvolatile silicones volatiles, modified or unmodified, fatty substances including ceramides and fatty alcohols,

  preservatives, opacifying agents.

  For the purposes of the present application, the term "conditioning agent" means a compound capable of improving the cosmetic properties of keratinous fibers such as disentangling, touching,

  smoothing, shine and volume.

  A chromophore is a compound that absorbs in the visible, so this compound is colored. Of the conventional chromophores, these are therefore those which have the property of being dyes likely to dye human keratin fibers which are preferably

  used in this application.

  For the purposes of this application, a fluorophore is a compound which absorbs in the field of ultraviolet and in the visible, this compound is therefore colored. Among the conventional fluorophores, it is therefore those which have the property of being dyes likely to dye human keratin fibers which are preferably

  used in this application.

  Preferably, the molecule chosen from chromophores and fluorophores is a direct dye comprising or not at least one cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic ring. In addition, the direct dye does not contain more than four condensed rings. These dyes are chosen in particular from standard direct dyes. These are aromatic or nonaromatic molecules chosen from the group formed by neutral, acidic or basic nitro benzene direct dyes, neutral, acidic or basic azo direct dyes, quinone direct dyes, and in particular neutral, acidic or basic anthraquinone dyes; azine direct dyes, methine direct dyes such as neutral, acidic or basic methines and azomethines, triarylmethane direct dyes, indoamine direct dyes, natural direct dyes such as carotenodes, terpenods, flavonoids, porphyrins, fluorescein, the

rhodamine, coumarines.

  Ionophores are molecules capable of complexing ions. In the context of the present application, all the ionophores can be used to form the compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores. The ionophore molecule (s) are conventionally chosen from open-structure molecules such as chelants or podands, called macrocycles

  ether-crowns or coronands, and macrobicycles called cryptands.

  For the purposes of the present application, the term "podands" means molecules with an open structure capable of complexing ions in which the complexing part is a chain comprising

  heteroatoms. These molecules are, for example, oligoethers.

  The article "Chromo- and Fluoroionophores - A new class of dye reagents" Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 65-72, on page 69 and following presents podands compounds which can be used in the context of

of this application.

  For the purposes of the present application, the term "coronand" means two-dimensional closed structure molecules capable of complexing ions. Generally these are monocyclic hydrocarbon molecules containing heteroatoms. These molecules are, for example, macrocyclic polyethers comprising the - (CH 2 -CH 2 -Y) n-unit in which Y is a heteroatom chosen from O, S, N and P and n is a

  integer greater than 2 and preferably between 4 and 10.

  These molecules are for example crown ethers such as 15-crown5, 18-crown-6; crown benzoethers such as benzo-15-crown-5, benzo-18-crown-6, dibenzo-15-crown-5, dibenzo18-crown-6; monoazaether crowns or diaza-ethers

  crowns such as aza-15-crown-5, aza-18-crown-6, diaza-15crown-5, diaza-18-crown-6.

  Crown ethers include the following pattern: S Ox X04 n

  wherein n is an integer from zero to 10.

  The monoaza- and diaza-crown ethers include the following motifs:

V00 CO 0N N N

  in which n is an integer from zero to 10.

  For the purposes of the present application, the term "cryptands" means molecules with a closed three-dimensional structure (cages) capable of complexing ions, generally hydrocarbon-containing bicyclic molecules containing heteroatoms, these molecules being, for example, macrobicyclic polyethers comprising the motif. - (CH2-CH2-Y), wherein Y is a heteroatom selected from O, S, N and P and n is a

  integer greater than 2 and preferably between 2 and 10.

  Macrobicyclic polyethers have the following general structure \ N

0 0 0

  The fixation of the ionophore molecule (s) on the molecule (s) chosen from chromophores and fluorophores is

  preferably by one or more single covalent bonds.

  However, this fixation can also be done by one or more divalent radicals such as alkylene radicals (for example methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene) or divalent radicals.

aromatic or heterocyclic.

  Fixation can be done from one or more atoms of the

  ionophore molecule (carbon atoms or heteroatoms).

  All the conventional chemical reactions can be used to prepare the compounds chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores from an ionophoric molecule and from one or more molecules chosen from chromophores and fluorophores. Some of the chromoionophores or fluoroionophores are products known per se, for example those listed in the following table: CAS structure

H-N NM 1 / 74305-50-3

to the N771 01-97-4 361454-18-4 N2

73171-31-0

I Ho Na Na v O O / O

0 81760-15-8

0 0O

CO N-)

CH4 (N 66749-97-1

  O O \ nN O O r Oa 1 L N r. Generally, the compound (s) chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores are used in a concentration ranging from about 0.0001% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.0001 to 10% and more preferably from 0.0001 to 5%. The dyeing composition according to the present invention can be used for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular the hair, in a color chosen by the user, which can then be modified by simply adding an ionic compound that can also be a cosmetic adjuvant. These ionic compounds may be present in the composition according to the invention or in another composition that is applied directly to human keratin fibers. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it appears that the addition of ions into the environment of the chromoionophore and / or fluoroionophore molecules makes it possible to modify the absorption spectrum of these molecules by delocalization of the electrons, which has the consequence a change in the color of the chromoionophore molecules

and / or fluoroionophores.

  The ions that can be used according to the present invention can be cations or anions. Preferably, cations in the form of

of salts.

  The salts used are physiologically acceptable salts

of inorganic or organic nature.

  Of the inorganic salts, the metal salts are preferred, even more preferably they are the inorganic salts of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals,

  rare earth metals and their alloys.

  The alkali metals can be chosen from lithium (Li),

  sodium (Na), potassium (K) and cesium (Cs).

  The alkaline earth metals can be chosen from beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr)

and barium (Ba).

  The transition metals can be chosen from the series of elements ranging from scandium (Sc) to zinc (Zn) as presented in the periodic table of the elements, that is to say among the following elements: Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; in the series ranging from yttrium (Y) to cadmium (Cd), that is to say among the following elements Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd; or of the series of lanthanum (La), that is to say among the following elements La, Hf, Ta, W,

Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au.

  The preferred heavy metal salts are the physiologically acceptable salts of zinc, lead, calcium, copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, tin, silver or magnesium, in the form of salts. chlorides, sulphates, nitrates or acetates. The rare earth metals can be chosen from the series of elements of the lanthanide type, from cerium (Ce) to lutetium (Lu), that is to say from among the following elements: Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu , Gd,

Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.

  In the compositions of the invention, the corresponding salts of the nitrate, sulphate, carbonate and halide type will therefore be used.

  bromate, phosphate, sulphonate, acetate, chloride.

  Among the organic salts, ammonium salts such as

  benzyltrimethylammonium, isobutylammonium, butyltrimethylammonium, decyltrimethylammonium, diethylammonium, dimethylammonium, dipropylammonium, dodecylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, ethanolammonium, ethylammonium, ethyltrimethylammonium, diammonium salts.

  The ionic compound (s) are preferably present at a concentration by weight ranging from 0.001 to 25%, preferably from 0.01 to% and more particularly from 0.1 to 5% relative to the total weight of

the composition.

  The composition according to the present invention may

  include at least one additional direct dye.

  This additional direct dye may be chosen from neutral, acidic or cationic nitro-benzene direct dyes, acid or cationic neutral azo direct dyes, direct quinone and, in particular, neutral, acidic or cationic anthraquinone direct dyes, azine direct dyes and direct dyes. methines, triarylmethane direct dyes, indoamine direct dyes and natural direct dyes. The additional direct dye (s) preferably represent from 0.001 to 20% by weight approximately of the total weight of the composition and still more preferably from 0.005 to 10% by weight approximately. The composition of the invention may further comprise an oxidizing agent. This oxidizing agent may be any oxidizing agent conventionally used for the bleaching of keratinous fibers. The oxidizing agent is preferably chosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, persalts such as perborates and persulfates, peracids and enzymes, among which mention may be made of peroxidases, 2-electron oxy-reductases such as uricases and 4-electron oxygenases such as laccases. The use of

  hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferred.

  The composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one oxidation base. This oxidation base can be chosen from the oxidation bases conventionally used in dyeing

  oxidation, for example, para-phenylenediamines, bisphenylalkylenediamines, para-aminophenols, ortho-aminophenols and heterocyclic bases.

  The oxidation base (s) are present in an amount ranging preferably from 0.001 to 10% by weight of the total weight of

  the dye composition, and more preferably from 0.005 to 6%.

  The composition according to the invention may also contain one or more couplers conventionally used for dyeing keratinous fibers. Among these couplers, there may be mentioned meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols,

  naphthalenic couplers and heterocyclic couplers.

  In the composition of the present invention, the coupler or couplers are generally present in an amount ranging from 0.001% to about 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the dyeing composition and

  more preferably from 0.005 to 6%.

  In general, the addition salts with an acid that can be used in the context of the dyeing compositions of the invention for the oxidation bases and the couplers are chosen in particular from hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates and citrates. the

  succinates, tartrates, lactates, tosylates, benzene sulfonates, phosphates and acetates.

  The appropriate medium for dyeing also known as dyeing medium is generally constituted by water or a mixture of water and at least one organic solvent. As an organic solvent, mention may be made, for example, of lower C 1 -C 4 alcohols, such as ethanol and isopropanol; polyols and polyol ethers such as 2-butoxyethanol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and monomethyl ether, and aromatic alcohols such as alcohol

  benzyl or phenoxyethanol, and mixtures thereof.

  The organic solvents may be present in proportions preferably of between 1 and 40% by weight approximately relative to the total weight of the dyeing composition, and even more

  preferably between 5 and 30% by weight approximately.

  In the dyeing composition according to the invention, the adjuvants mentioned above are generally present in an amount ranging for each of them from 0.01 to 20% by weight relative to the weight

of the composition.

  Of course, one skilled in the art will take care to choose this or these optional additional compounds in such a way that the advantageous properties intrinsically attached to the dyeing composition according to the invention are not, or not substantially,

  altered by the addition or additions envisaged.

  The pH of the dyeing composition in accordance with the invention is generally between 3 and 12 approximately, and preferably between 5 and 11. It can be adjusted to the desired value by means of acidifying or basifying agents usually used for dyeing fibers.

  keratinous or even using conventional buffer systems.

  Among the acidifying agents, mention may be made, by way of example, of mineral or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid,

sulfonic acids.

  Among the alkalinizing agents that may be mentioned, by way of example, are ammonia, alkaline carbonates, alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamines and their derivatives, sodium or potassium hydroxides and formula (III) following Ra \ Rb

N W-N (111)

  Rc Rd wherein W is a propylene residue optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical; Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a

  C1-C4 alkyl radical or C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl radical.

  The dye composition may be in various forms, such as in the form of liquids, creams, gels, or in any other form suitable for dyeing fibers.

  keratin, and in particular human hair.

  A third subject of the present invention consists in a process for dyeing human keratin fibers, and in particular hair, which comprises applying a composition comprising at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores to keratinous fibers. for a sufficient time to develop the desired color. The fibers are

then rinsed and dried.

  In this process, said composition may further comprise a cosmetic adjuvant other than water, which may especially be chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic surfactants or mixtures thereof, anionic, cationic and nonionic polymers. , amphoteric or zwitterionic or mixtures thereof, inorganic or organic thickeners, and in particular anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric associative polymers, antioxidants, penetrating agents, sequestering agents, perfumes, dispersing agents, conditioning agents such as, for example, volatile or non-volatile silicones, modified or unmodified, fatty substances including ceramides and fatty alcohols, agents

  preservatives, opacifying agents.

  One variant of the invention consists in including at least one ionic compound in the composition comprising the compound (s)

  chromoionophores or fluoroionophores.

  Said ionic compounds may then be present in a composition comprising the chromoionophore or fluoroionophores, and which is stored before use; they can also be present in a second composition that is added, at the moment of

  use to that comprising chromoionophores or fluoro ionophores.

  A fourth subject of the present invention consists of a process for dyeing human keratin fibers in several steps, one of these steps comprising the application of a composition comprising at least one chromoionophore or fluoro ionophore compound as described hereinabove. said step being preceded or followed by the application of at least one composition comprising at least one

less an ionic compound.

  The application of the two compositions can be separated by a

intermediate rinse.

  Preferably, the composition containing the ionic compound (s) will be added to the human keratinous fibers after the application of the compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores on these fibers. In this way, the user will be able to modulate his initial color in a more or less

gradually adding ions.

  Each application lasts from 5 minutes to 1 hour, from

preferably from 10 to 30 minutes.

  The ionic compound (s) are present in the dyeing compositions of the invention in a concentration ranging from about 0.001 to 25% by weight and preferably from about 0.01 to 10%, and still more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight. at 5% by weight

total of the composition.

  The composition according to the invention is generally applied at a temperature of between room temperature and 80.degree.

preferably between 250C and 550C.

  The subject of the invention is also a direct lightening dyeing process which comprises applying to the fibers a composition containing a compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores in the presence of an oxidizing agent, which causes the fiber to fade. . This oxidizing agent may be added to the composition containing the compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores at the time of use or directly on the

keratin fiber.

  The invention also relates to an oxidation dyeing process which comprises applying to the fibers a dye composition which comprises a compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, at least one oxidation base and optionally at least one oxidation base. a coupler, in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The oxidation base, the coupler and the oxidizing agent are

as defined previously.

  The color can then be revealed at acidic, neutral or alkaline pH and the oxidizing agent can be added to the composition of the invention just at the time of use or it can be used from an oxidizing composition on containing, applied to the fibers

  simultaneously or sequentially to the dye composition. In the case of direct lightening dyeing or dyeing

  method, the dye composition is mixed, preferably at the time of use, with a composition containing, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent, this oxidizing agent being present in an amount sufficient to develop a coloring. The mixture obtained is then applied to the keratinous fibers. After a pause of about 3 to 50 minutes, preferably about 5 to 30 minutes, the keratinous fibers are rinsed,

  washed with shampoo, rinsed again and then dried.

  The oxidizing composition may also contain various adjuvants conventionally used in dyeing compositions

oxidation of hair.

  The pH of the oxidizing composition containing the oxidizing agent is such that, after mixing with the dyeing composition, the pH of the resulting composition applied to the keratinous fibers preferably varies between 3 and 12 approximately, and even more preferably between 5 and 12. 11. It can be adjusted to the desired value by means of acidifying or alkalizing agents usually used in dyeing

  keratinous fibers and as defined above.

  The composition which is finally applied to the keratin fibers may be in various forms, such as in the form of liquids, creams, gels or any other form suitable for dyeing keratinous fibers, and especially human hair. It may also be packaged under pressure in an aerosol flask in the presence of a propellant and form a foam. In the same way as a direct dyeing process, in the case of a direct lightening dyeing process or an oxidation dyeing process, the application of the composition comprising at least one compound selected from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, may be preceded or followed by the application of a

  composition comprising at least one ionic compound.

  A further object of the present invention is a multi-compartment device or "kit" for dyeing human keratin fibers, and more particularly hair. It comprises at least two compartments, one of which contains a composition comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, and another composition comprising at least one composition comprising

less an ionic compound.

Claims (27)

  1. Use as a direct dye, in or for the manufacture of compositions for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular hair, of at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, this compound being constituted at least one ionophore molecule covalently bound to at least one molecule selected from chromophores and fluorophores. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that   the chromophore molecule or fluorophore is a direct dye.   3. Use according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in   the molecule chosen from chromophores and fluorophores is a direct dye comprising or not at least one cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic ring, and not including more than four condensed cycles.   4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that the chromophore or fluorophore is a molecule selected from the group consisting of neutral, acidic or basic nitro benzene direct dyes, neutral neutral, acidic or basic azo dyes, quinone direct dyes, and in particular neutral, acidic or neutral anthraquinone dyes; alkaline direct dyes, methine direct dyes such as neutral or acidic methines and azomethines, triarylmethane direct dyes, direct indoamine dyes, natural direct dyes such as carotenodes, terpenods, flavonodes, porphyrins, fluorescein, rhodamine, coumarins.   5. Use according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the ionophore molecule is chosen   among chelants, podands, coronands and cryptands.   6. Dyeing composition for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular hair comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing human keratinous fibers, at least one cosmetic adjuvant other than water and at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores, this compound consisting of at least one ionophore molecule covalently bonded to at least one molecule chosen from chromophores and fluorophores. 7. Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that   that the chromophore or fluorophore molecule is a direct dye.   8. Composition according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the cosmetic adjuvant is chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof, anionic, cationic and nonionic polymers. , amphoteric or zwitterionic, or mixtures thereof, inorganic or organic thickeners, and in particular anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric associative polymers, antioxidants, penetrating agents, sequestering agents, perfumes, dispersing agents , conditioning agents such as, for example, volatile or non-volatile silicones, modified or unmodified, fatty substances including ceramides and fatty alcohols,   preservatives, opacifying agents.   9. Composition according to any one of claims 6 to   8, characterized in that the chromophore or fluorophore is a molecule chosen from the group formed by neutral, acidic or basic nitro benzene direct dyes, neutral, acidic or basic neutral azo dyes, direct quinone dyes and in particular neutral anthraquinone dyes, acidic or basic, azine direct dyes, methine direct dyes such as neutral or acidic methines and azomethines, triarylmethane direct dyes, direct indoamine dyes, natural direct dyes such as carotenodes, terpenods, flavonodes , porphyrins, fluorescein, rhodamine, coumarins.   10. Composition according to any one of claims 6 to   9, characterized in that the ionophore molecule is chosen from   chelants, podands, coronands and cryptands.   he. Composition according to any one of Claims 6 to   , characterized in that the compound selected from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores is present in a concentration ranging from 0.0001 to 20%, preferably from 0.001 to 10% and more particularly from 0.001 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.   12. Composition according to any one of claims 6 to   11, characterized in that the medium suitable for dyeing consists of water or a mixture of water and at least one solvent organic.   13. Composition according to claim 12, characterized in that the organic solvent is chosen from C 1 -C 4 lower alcohols, polyols and polyol ethers, and aromatic alcohols, and mixtures thereof.   14. Composition according to any one of claims 6 to   13, characterized in that it comprises at least one ionic compound.   15. Composition according to Claim 14, characterized in that the ionic compound comprises at least one cation of a salt chosen from physiologically or organically inorganic salts. acceptable.   16. Composition according to claim 15, characterized in that the ionic compound is an inorganic metal salt selected from those of alkali metals such as Li, Na, K, Cs, alkaline earth metals such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba transition metals such as Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, La, Hf , Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, rare earth metals such as, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and their alloys.   17. Composition according to claim 15, characterized in that the ionic compound is a non-metallic organic salt selected from ammonium salts such as benzyltrimethylammonium, isobutylammonium, butyltrimethylammonium, decyltrimethylammonium, diethylammonium, dimethylammonium, dipropylammonium, dodecylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, ethanolammonium, ethylammonium, ethyltrimethylammonium, diammonium salts.   18. Composition according to any one of claims 14 to   17, characterized in that the ionic compound is present in a concentration by weight ranging from 0.001 to 25%, preferably from 0.01 to% and more particularly from 0.1 to 5% relative to the total weight of the composition.   19. Composition according to any one of claims 6 to   18, characterized in that it comprises at least one direct dye chosen from neutral, acidic or cationic nitro benzene direct dyes, acid or cationic neutral azo direct dyes, neutral quinone and, in particular, neutral, acidic or cationic neutral dyes, azine direct dyes, methine direct dyes, triarylmethane direct dyes, indoamine direct dyes and dyes direct natural   20. Composition according to claim 19, characterized in that the direct dye (s) are present in an amount ranging from   0.001% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.   21. Composition according to any one of claims 6 to   , characterized in that it comprises at least one oxidation base chosen from the group formed by para-phenylenediamines, bisphenylalkylenediamines, para-aminophenols and ortho-aminophenols. and heterocyclic bases.   22. Composition according to Claim 21, characterized in that the oxidation base (s) are present in an amount ranging from   0.001 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.   23. Composition according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that it comprises at least one coupler chosen from the group formed by meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, naphthalenic couplers and heterocyclic couplers. 24. Composition according to claim 23, characterized in that the coupler (s) are present in an amount ranging from 0.001 to   % by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.   25. Composition according to one of claims 6 to 24,   characterized in that it comprises at least one oxidizing agent, preferably selected from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, persalts such as perborates and persulfates, peracids and enzymes such as peroxidases,   2-electron oxidoreductases and 4-electron oxygenases.   26. A process for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular the hair, characterized in that a composition comprising at least one compound chosen from chromoionophores and fluoroionophores is applied to said human keratin fibers for a time sufficient to develop the desired color, this compound consisting of at least one ionophore molecule covalently bound to at least one molecule selected from chromophores and fluorophores.   27. A process for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular hair, according to claim 26, characterized in that   said composition further comprises an ionic compound.   28. A process for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and in particular hair, according to claim 26, characterized in that a human keratin fiber is then applied to   composition comprising at least one ionic compound.   29. Process for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and   hair as claimed in claims 26, characterized in that   that is applied beforehand on said keratinous fibers   human, a composition comprising at least one ionic compound.   30. A process for dyeing human keratinous fibers, and   particular hair, according to claims 27 to 29, characterized   in that the ionic compounds are selected from inorganic metal salts of alkali metals such as Li, Na, K, Cs, alkaline earth metals such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, transition metals such as Sc, Ti , V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, La, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir , Pt, Au, rare earth metals such as Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and their alloys, and the selected non-metallic organic salts among ammonium salts such as benzyltrimethylammonium, isobutylammonium, butyltrimethylammonium, decyltrimethylammonium, diethylammonium, dimethylammonium, dipropylammonium, dodecylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, ethanolammonium, ethylammonium,   ethyltrimethylammonium, diammonium salts.   31. Multi-compartment device or "kit" for dyeing human keratin fibers, and more particularly hair, characterized in that it comprises at least two compartments, one of which contains a composition according to one of   of claims 6 to 25 and another a composition comprising at least less an ionic compound.