FR2840333A1 - Boat arrester cable protecting fixed installations is made from synthetic material with very high resistance to traction - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrester cable consists of a flexible cable (122) deployed across a waterway (114) and connected at each end to an anchor (136, 137) on the bed of the waterway and a buoy (124, 125). Each buoy is attached to fixed lateral retaining points (126a, 126b; 127a, 127b) by V-shaped mooring lines (128a, 128b; 129a, 129b) of reduced resistance. The arrester cable is pre-tensioned by an elastic traction assembly (148, 149) in each of the forward mooring lines. A craft under way encountering the cable causes the mooring lines to break and is held by the arrester cable and anchors.

Description

make a calibration.

  INSTALLATION FOR THE STOPPING OF PRE-TENDED CABLE BOATS

  AND DEVICES FOR PRETENSION OF THE CABLE

TECHNICAL AREA

  The present invention relates to security installations of the type comprising a security cable has across a seaworthy flight so as to ensure the stopping of boats, including barges, barges, barges, convoys etc .., before those do not come to strike works of art, such as dams, poets,

  quads, port facilities etc. located downstream.

  The invention is also applicable to the production of pre-tensioning devices for cables intended for

  such boat safety installations.

PRIOR ART

  The French public patent under the number FR 2,580,691 in the name of the Applicant describes a facility for the stopping of boats comprising a flexible stopping cable across all or part of a navigable flight and relic at each end to anchoring means disposed at the bottom of the watercraft and has a floating trunk itself attached to a lateral fixed point of restraint by a lower resistance linkage assembly, the installation being adapted, once the boat caught in the cable stopping and breaking the connection assemblies, to stop the boat by means of anchoring means. The stop cable is made of steel and the anchoring means consist of a dead body made of concrete firmly attached to the trunk float by a chalne-mother and a set of anchors and chains attached to the dead body, the rupture of the connection assemblies following the impact or the shock with the boat freeing the end boxes of the cable of way to drag in the bottom dead bodies, chains and anchors to absorb the energy

  kinetic of the boat and stop it.

  The installation is put back in place with replacement on the bottom of the dead bodies, chaines and / or displaced anchors and replacement of the releasing and / or breaking elements of the connection assemblies (elements

commonly referred to as fuses).

  If the installation presented above gives good results from the point of view of security and stopping boats in difficulty, its maintenance proves delicate because of the floating objects likely to be taken in the cable of stop and the floats of maintenance out of water of this one, especially in periods of floods during which one meets floating objects of big sizes such as branches and trunks of trees. Especially in existing installations the steel cable is hooked to its end boxes at about 1 meter above the water, however the vertical arrow due to the linear weight of the steel cable requires the installation of small intermediate floats (one float every 10 meters for a cable of total length around 100 meters) to maintain the vertical arrow at less than 0.2 meters and the cable around a height of 0.6 meters from the water surface (the height necessary for a good catch of

boats by the stop cable).

  This problem of the involuntary recovery of floating objects is complicated and amplified by the relative movements of the chests (and the resulting variations of tension of the stopping cable) i) according to the water level of the waterway between periods of flooding and periods of unemployment (or emptying of the diversion bays), the sets of links being of fixed length and ii) as a function of the current (a sufficiently strong current being able to create by spacing of the floats a horizontal arrow having As a consequence of raising the cable, conversely a weak current causes the bringing together of the floats and the increase of the vertical arrow between floats). It results from the relative movements of the coffers a non-respect of the

  minimum height of the 0.6 meter stop cable.

  It also results from what precedes an almost permanent maintenance often delicate and sometimes dangerous in period of strong currents. In order to avoid inadvertent triggering of the safety installation, releasable hooks are available at the cable / boot connection points and remote controls. This improvement, however, does not solve the problem of floating objects caught in the cable or that of variations in the height of the cable with respect to the surface of the water, consequences of changes in the force of the current and / or variations in the height

of water of the seaworthy flight.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

  It follows from the foregoing that there is a need for a new installation for stopping boats with a flexible stopping cable which improves the maintenance of the cable at an adequate height above the water level so as to eliminate or substantially reduce the limitations and other disadvantages presented above for

existing facilities.

  For this purpose it has already been proposed by the Applicant, in the French patent application N 01/13409 filed on October 18, 2001 in the name of the Applicant and not published at the date of filing of the present application, a facility for the stop boats with flexible stopping cable across all or part of a flight - navigable and relic at each end has anchoring means disposed at the bottom of the waterway and has a floating trunk itself attached to the minus one lateral fixed point of restraint by a linkage assembly of lesser resistance, the installation being adapted, once the boat caught in the stop cable and the breaking of the connection assemblies, to stop the boat using the means anchoring device, the installation being characterized in that the stop cable is lo principally made of synthetic material of very high tensile strength and in that the cable is pretensioned by at least one tensile elastic assembly a a significantly lower voltage value

  corresponding to the breaking of the connection sets.

  According to the main embodiment of the installation described in the French patent application N 01/13409 each link assembly comprises two moorings disposed V with respect to the trunk, the legs of the V being interconnected by said elastic traction assembly or tensioner has in intermediate position. This so - called transverse tensioning embodiment, although apparently simple, is very effective in keeping the boxes in place despite the variations in the water level of the navigable vote. The realization and use of boat stop installations according to the transverse tensioner embodiment is, however, hampered by the difficulty of finding on the market the long-stretch tensioners necessary to equip the cable-tie installations intended for the protection of large dams (incorporating stop cables from

  length equal to or greater than one hundred meters).

  The object of the invention is to provide a further embodiment of an installation for stopping boats with a flexible stop cable with a stop cable made of pre - stretched synthetic material, comprising tensioning and tensioning units. the technique is more likely to be fabricated, mounted and adjusted in an optional manner in which the tensioner (s) may be less likely to be stretched and consequently less exposed to the risk of deterioration by extension

excessive.

  The invention thus proposes a facility for the stopping of the boats comprising a flexible stop cable arranged across all or part of a navigable vote and relic at each end to anchoring means disposed at the bottom of the waterway and has a floating trunk itself attached to at least one lateral fixed point of restraint by a lower resistance linkage assembly, the installation being adapted, once the boat caught in the stop cable and the breaking of the sets of connection, to stop the boat by means of anchoring means, the installation being characterized in that the stop cable is mainly made of synthetic material of very high tensile strength and in that the cable of stopping is pre-tensioned by at least one tensile elastic assembly has a voltage significantly lower than the value corresponding to the rupture of the connecting assemblies, each link assembly comprising two moorings arranged in V relative to the trunk, one of two moorings, hereinafter referred to as pulling mooring, incorporating said set

elastic traction.

  This so-called integrated tensioner embodiment, in addition to its great simplicity of manufacture and adjustment, makes it possible to use, at pre-tension of the equivalent cable, elongation stretchers which are smaller than those required for the tensioners used in the assemblies.

  transverse tensioner installations.

  According to a first variant of this latter embodiment the other mooring of each connection assembly, hereinafter mooring maintenance, comprises a high strength portion and a lower strength portion provided with a breaking assembly whose value of VRmax is maximal (ie greater than or equal to any other value in a set of

  rupture incorporated in the installation.

  Advantageously, the traction line comprises an auxiliary rupture assembly adapted for the protection of the elastic tensile and tare assembly at a value VP lower than VRmax and the maximum load value of the

  tensioner before deterioration or destruction.

  According to a particularly advantageous mode of mounting of the installation according to the invention with integrated tensioner, the fixed point of retention of each pulling line is provided downstream of the fixed point of restraint of the mooring line.

corresponding maintenance.

  This provision is particularly effective with respect to the maintenance of the stop cable at a good height above the water, despite the variations in the water levels of the waterway and the elimination, or at least the significant reduction of the water level. cable festooning. Variations of adjustment in length of the cable according to the limit movements of the boxes held by the upstream moorings being caught up by the variations of the extension of the tensioners integrated to the downstream moorings

  and maintaining the pretension of the cable.

  According to a particular variant of the invention each tensile elastic assembly is constituted by one or more bundles of elastomer extended strands.

  envelopes in a protective polyester sheath.

  In addition, the reduction of the gravitational linear mass of the cable material (approximately 4 to 5 times compared to a steel cable) makes it possible to reduce the tension on the cable by approximately the same height as the substantially equal arrow. In these conditions, it becomes possible to give a pre-tension to the stop cable, without risk of triggering the release or breakage of the connection assemblies, to put the cable at a good height out of water while reducing the number of floats and to absorb most of the pre-tension variations due to the relative movements of the chests to keep the cable out of water substantially at a good height. This results in the reduction of the number of floats (3 floats instead of 10) and the maintenance of the cable out of water at sufficient height with a significant reduction of the catch of floating and this tails that are the conditions of current and level of water

the navigable flight.

  According to a first variant of the installation according to the invention, the stop cable is made of aramid and

  is optionally covered with a polyester sheath.

  The choice of the aramid for the cable (aromatic polyamide) is all the more interesting as well as a specific tensile strength (about 300 MPa with a longitudinal Young's modulus between 70 and 130 GPa). fiber presents a

  relatively low density (1.450 kg / m3).

  It should also be noted that the modifications made in the invention with respect to the known installation of patent FR 2,580,691 and presented above do not in any way affect the capacity of the new installation to stop boats, or even improve this function. by allowing a positioning of the cable at a good height in a permanent way. In addition, these technical modifications do not fundamentally change the overall structure of the installation of safety and wind relatively easy to achieve, allowing a replacement mounting of the cable and connection sets without having to touch or move the elements the heaviest of

  installation such as dead bodies, chalnes and anchors.

  The invention also relates to devices for pre-

  cable tension or connection assemblies and pre-

  tensioning with traction elastic assembly, mounted or not on floating trunk, for installation for stopping boats comprising a stop cable in synthetic material, comprising two moorings arranged in V with respect to each end of the cable, one of the two moorings, traction line, incorporating said elastic traction assembly, the other mooring, holding mooring, incorporating a rupture assembly

  having a maximum breaking value VRmax.

  Advantageously, the two V-shaped moorings and the corresponding end of the stop cable respectively wind

attached to a floating trunk.

  As a variant, the two V-shaped moorings and the corresponding end of the wind stop cable are respectively fixed to the three-cornered peaks of a triangular frame.

by spacing.

  The invention also relates to a linkage and pretensioning assembly with elastic traction assembly, mounted or not on floating trunk, for installation for the stopping of the boats according to the invention presented above and / or a replacement kit constituted by a stop cable made of synthetic material, preferably

  of aramid, and two sets of binding and

  tensioning. Other features and advantages of the present

  invention will appear on reading the description

  which will follow, by way of non-limiting example, of an embodiment of the invention of an installation for

  the stopping of the boats with reference to the attached drawings.

PRESENTATION SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS

  - Figure 1 shows a plan view of a safety installation for stopping boats according to the invention of the type integrated tensioner; - Figure 2 shows an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the front of the convoy held by the security installation of Figure 1; Figure 3 shows an enlarged plan view of the cable and its connection assemblies used in the installation of Figure 1; and - Figure 4 shows an enlarged plan view of a

  connecting assembly illustrated in FIG.

  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  FIG. 1 represents a schematic plan view of a portion of a navigable flight in which an ecluse head 110, 110 'separates the navigation channel 112 leading to a lock (not shown) of a channel 114 leading to a dam 116 extending through the channel 114 substantially between the head 110 and the bank 118 of the navigable flight. Upstream of the dam 116 (the direction of the current being represented by the arrow F) and across the channel 114 is disposed a security installation for stopping the boats 120 in order to protect the dam 116 downstream of the security installation. 120 and the boats. For the rest of the term, the term "boats" must be taken in its broadest sense and includes any floating cargo or work such as barges, cargo ships, barges, ferries, barges, pontoons, ferries, etc. In the present case, FIG. 1 shows a convoy in difficulty 121 consisting of a pusher 121a and a barge 121b and which, following a false maneuver or an engine failure, is in the diversion channel 114. trains to

the dam 116.

  The security installation is mainly constituted by a stop or guard cable 122 stretched across the channel 114 (separating the upstream parts 114a and downstream 114b of the channel) between two floating boxes 124 and 125 each attached to two fixed points retaining ribs 126a126b and 127a-127b, respectively, located on the wall 110 'of the head or along the edge 118 by means of connection assemblies 128 and 129, the ends of the cable 122 being firmly attached to the connecting means, anchor 130 and 131 disposed at the bottom 113 of the

navigable flight.

  More particularly, each end of the cable 122 is attached to the upper end of an axial tubular connecting spacer 141 (161) (shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) passing through the trunk 124 (125) corresponding along the central axis. Z1 (Z2) thereof, the lower end of each tubular spacer being connected by a chain-mother 132 (133) has anchoring means, ltespece adapted to rocky bottoms, and comprising a dead body concrete 134 (135) which is secured to a beam of large chains 136 (137) welded at their free ends to the anchors 138 (139). In a variant (not shown) the wind anchoring means adapted to muddy or sandy bottoms and each comprise a concrete dead body joined to a plurality of independent chalns each carrying an anchor adapted to

  furniture bottoms, for example a flat anchor.

  According to one of the characteristics of this type of cable installation pretended cable 122 is made of aramid fibers, aromatic polyamide of very high tensile strength. The aramid cable is advantageously protected mechanically and against UV radiation by a polyester sheath. Due to its relatively low mass density, the cable 122 can be stretched over the water at an average height of 0.6 meters a

  The aid of the link assemblies 128 and 129 has

  tensioning described below and with a reduced number by intermediate floats 140, in this case two floats distant each other about 30 meters for a total length of the cable 122 of a hundred meters. FIG. 1 also illustrates the mode of operation of the security installation 120 by schematically showing two positions of the convoy 121, the first rightmost one by looking at FIG. 1 (references in 'for the displaced elements) shows the end of the phase of tensioning of the energy absorbing installation (the anchoring means) under the effect of the advancement of the barge 121a with the deformation of the stop cable to take the form 122 ', the chests 124 'and 125' released from their connecting assemblies allowing the direct transmission of the traction forces of the stopping cable to the dead bodies 132, 133. The second position of the convoy (references in '' for the displaced elements) shows that last in position 121 '' stopped by the cable 122 '', the cases 124 '' and 125 '', the dead bodies 134 '' and 135 '', anchor chains 136 '' and 137 '' and the sleepers anchorage 138 '' and 139 '', these last elements having derape on

  the bottom to absorb the kinetic energy of the convoy.

  Figure 2 illustrates the front of the convoy 121 '' (seen from the bank 118) in its stopping position with the cable 122 '' out of water around the barge 121a '' (reference 115 designating the surface of the body of water or the water line along the banks of the waterway), the intermediate float 140 '', the chest 125 '', the chalne-mother 133 stretched, the dead body 135 '' , the chain beam 137 '' and the anchor beam 139 '', these last three components constitute the anchoring means having tralne on the bottom 113. The reader can refer to the French patent FR 2,580,691 to obtain additional general information on the operation in "security" mode of this type

  installation for stopping boats.

  FIG. 3 shows an enlarged plan view of the cable 122 (without the floats 140) and its connection assemblies 128 and 129. Each link assembly 128, 129 comprises two moorings 128a-128b, 129a-129b arranged in V relative to one another. to the trunk corresponds 124, 125, preferably symmetrically to 45 relative to the central axis of the

  chest Z1, Z2 (perpendicular to the plane of Figure 3).

  The downstream moorings 128b and 129b (preferably identical) 2s have the ends attached to the fixed points 126b and 127b situated downstream, with respect to the cable 122, from the fixed points 126a and 127a to which the ends of the upstream moorings 128a and 129a attach the wind ( preferably identical). According to the invention and as shown in FIG. 4 showing an enlarged view of a linkage assembly (for example of the 'connection assembly 128 on the lower side, 110'), the latter is composed of: the upstream mooring line 128a or a restraining mooring comprises a high-resistance portion 144a such as a mooring line and a lower resistance portion incorporating a fuse 146a (in this case a gauge wire for a given maximum breakdown voltage VRmax, for example 10.000 kg or 10.000 daN, and correspond to the breaking value of the two connection assemblies 128 and 129 as explained below), the fuse 146a being preferably disposed at the end of the chest side of the upstream line 128a secured to the fastener 154a fixed to the chest 124; and the downstream mooring 128b or traction mooring integrated elastic tensile assembly or tensioner 148 preferably has 1'extremite side trunk of the downstream mooring 128b solidarise the tether 154b attached to the trunk 124 and comprises a portion of high resistance 144b such as a mooring chain and a IS portion of lesser resistance incorporating a protective fuse 146b attached to the free end of the tensioner 148. The fuse 146b intended for the protection of the tensioner (to prevent its destruction by elongation excessive) is constituted of a cable calibrated tare with an intermediate voltage VP (in this case 5,000 kg or about 5,000 daN) inferior to the tension of rupture Vkmax and the tension of maximum load of the tensioner (before destruction and deterioration) but greater than the corresponding voltage in the tensioner (710 daN) at the pre-tension chosen for the

cable (1,000 daN).

  FIG. 3 schematically illustrates ['link assembly 129 whose upstream and downstream moorings 129a and 129b are substantially identical to the moorings 128a and 18b already described. The tether 129a has a high strength portion 145a and a fuse 147a (VRmax tare) secured to the tether 155a attached to the boot 125 and the tether 129b includes a high strength portion 145b, a fuse protection 147b and one

  tensioner 149 identical to the tensioner 148.

  Each tensile elastic assembly is mainly constituted by a tensioner 148, 149 of the SEAFLEX type of the Swedish company ANCRO MARIN AB manufactures from one or more bundles of elastomer strands of SBR rubber wrapped in a protective polyester sheath. These tensioners wind capable of a

  elastic elongation before rupture greater than 200%.

  Each tensioner 148 (149) develops a traction force by contraction tending to bring its free ends; this pulling force is regulated by the play of the dimensions of the chain 144b (145b) possibly with the aid of a mechanical tensioner to reach by a level of tension on the moorings downstream 128b and 129b the order of 700 kg or 710 daN for a 6 - strand SEAFLEX tensioner with a live length of about 4 meters. This has the effect of soliciting each trunk 124, 125 to the fixed point of downstream attachment 126b and 127b, to separate the trunk one and the other and to put the cable 122 under tension, the pre-tension of the cable by the play of the compositions of the forces acting on each trunk 124 and 125 being of the order of 1,000 kg or 1,000 daN, this pre-tension value of the cable is well below the maximum voltage of the cable corresponding to the breaking of the sets of links , that is to say at the break of the mooring lines 128a

  and 129a (10,000 daN for each mooring).

  It will be noted that the cable 122 and the other equipment for stopping the boats of the installation (with the exception of the connection assemblies 128 and 129) are dimensioned in size.

  the species to withstand at least 90 tons (90,000 kg).

  As can be seen in Figure 3 correspond to a normal situation of the installation 120 for a mean level of water, the assembly of the cable portion of the security installation 120 is balanced substantially symmetrically with respect to cable 122 with in the present case (described by way of non-limiting example) the moorings 12% a and 129b fixed length of about 15.1 m, the moorings 128b and 129b variable length substantially equal to 14.3 m for a tension tensioner of 710 daN, the

  chests 124 and 125 having a diameter of about 4 meters.

  It will be noted that the tensioners 148 and 149 by their contraction and elongation capacity ensure the correct pre-tension of the cable 122 despite the variations of level 115 of the water plane, ensuring a suitable cable height above the water (except in exceptional cases of breakage of protective fuses 146b and 147b due to excessive elongation of

tensioners 148 and 149).

  In the event of impact or impact with a boat in difficulty 121 coming upstream 114a (see FIGS. 1 and 2), the cable 122 is stretched postponing a significant increase in tension on the upstream moorings 128a and 129a while the

  Downstream moorings 128b and 129b relax slightly.

  When the voltage in the upstream moorings 128a and 129a reaches the breaking value VRmax of the fuses 146a and 147a (approximately 10,000 daN), the latter drop 2s causing a partial release of the boxes 124 and and the cable 122 downstream and a rise in tension of the downstream mooring lines 128b and 129b which in turn loosen as soon as the voltage reaches the breaking value VP of the protection fuses 146b and 147b (approximately 5,000 daN) in order to completely release the safety assembly from the installation stopping form boxes 124 and 125, cable 122 and anchoring means 136, 137 and

  allow him to stop the boat 21.

  3s It is noted that the operation in "safe" mode of the installation 120 is not disturbed by the relatively low pre-tensioning of the cable 122 and conversely that the pre-tensioning device is not deteriorated by a breaking impact and can be put back in place easily after

  replacing the fuses 146a, 146b, 147a and 147b.

  Among the advantages conferred by the introduction of the pretensioning device, it is noted that the cable remains stretched in a straight line regardless of the speed of the current, the permanent pre-tension generated by the tensioners 148, 149 easily taking up the slack on the moorings downstream 128b and 129b of the current acting

on the chests.

  It is easily understood that the pre-tensioning device of the cable 122 illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be modified by equipping the boxes 124, 125 with triangular spacing frames 224 and 225 (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3) or by connecting directly the moorings of the connection assemblies at the ends of the cable 122 at the

height of the spacers 141 and 161.

  Of course the description above is only given

  As a non-limitative example and may be modified without departing from the scope of the invention.

  defined by the following claims.

Claims (11)

CLAIMS I:   1. Installation (120) for the stopping of boats comprising a flexible stopping cable (122) arranged across all or part of a navigable flight (114) and connected at each end to anchoring means ( 136, 137) disposed at the bottom (113) of the waterway and has a floating trunk (124, 125) itself attached to the   less than one lateral fixed point of restraint (126a-126b, 127a   127b) by a lower resistance linkage assembly (128,129), the installation (120) being adapted, once the boat (121) is caught in the stop cable and the breakage of the linkage assemblies (128,129), to stop the boat (21) has the aid of anchoring means (136, 137), the installation (120) being characterized in that the stop cable (122) is mainly made of synthetic material of very high resistance to corrosion.   traction and that the stop cable (122) is   tensioned by at least one tensile elastic assembly (148,149) has a voltage significantly lower than the value corresponding to the breaking of the connecting assemblies (128,129), each connecting assembly (128,229) having two mooring lines (128a-128b) , 129a-129b) disposed V with respect to the trunk (124,125), one of the two moorings (128b, 129b), hereinafter referred to as 2s traction line, incorporating said elastic assembly of traction (148,149).   2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the other mooring (128a, 129a) of each connection assembly, hereinafter mooring, comprises a high strength portion (144a, 145a) and a portion of lesser resistor (146a, 147a) provided with a rupture assembly (148, 149) having the breaking value maximum Vkmax.   3s 3. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the traction tether (128b, 129b) comprises an auxiliary rupture assembly (146b, 147b) adapted for the protection of the tensile elastic assembly and   tare has a breaking value VP less than VRmax.   4. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 3   characterized in that the fixed holding point (126b, 127b) of each pulling line (128b, 129b) is disposed downstream of the fixed holding point (126a, 127a) of   the corresponding holding line (128a, 129a).   5. Installation according to one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that each elastic tensile assembly (148,149) is made of one or more bundles of elastomer extended strands   envelopes in a protective polyester sheath.   6. Installation according to one of the claims   preceded, characterized in that the stop cable (122) is made of aramid and is optionally covered with a polyester sheath.   7. Linkage assembly (128,129) and pre-tensioning assembly elastic traction (148,149), or not mounted on floating trunk, for installation for stopping boats with a cable (122) material stop   synthetic material according to one of claims 1 to 6,   characterizes in that it comprises two moorings (128a   128b, 129a-129b) disposed V with respect to each end of the cable, one (128b, 129b) of the two mooring lines, the traction line, incorporating said elastic traction assembly (148, 149), the other mooring, mooring of maintaining, incorporating a breaking assembly (146a,   147a) having the maximum breaking value VRmax.   8. Linkage assembly (128,129) and pre-tensioning assembly elastic traction (148,149) according to claim 7, characterized in that the two moorings (128a-128b, 129a-129b) of the same set of connection and corresponding ltextremite of the stop cable (122) wind   respectively fixed to a floating trunk (124,125).   9. Connecting assembly (128,129) and pre-tensioning elastic tensile assembly (148,149) according to claim 8, characterized in that the two moorings (128a-128b, 129a-129b) of the same set of connection and the corresponding end of the stop cable (122) is respectively fixed to the three peaks of a frame   triangular spread (224,225).   10. Connecting assembly (128,129) and pre-tensioning with elastic traction assembly   (148,149) according to one of claims 7 to 9,   characterized in that the pull line (128b, 129b) has an auxiliary breaking assembly (146b, 147b)   tare protection has a VP value less than VRmax.   11. Connecting assembly (128,129) and pre-tensioning assembly with traction elastic assembly   (148,149) according to one of claims 1 to 10,   characterized in that each elastic tensile assembly (148,149) is constituted by one or more bundles of elastomer strands enveloped in a