FR2821474A1 - String instrument resonant actuator uses frictional coupling is self resonant controlled from keyboard - Google Patents

Abstract

A string (3) instrument resonant (4) actuator connected to the friction part (5) by a rubber plug (7) is moved along the string by a handle (1) and rotated to produce a varying musical note from both by frictional action and may be operated mechanically or electromechanically from a keyboard.

Description

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METHOD FOR VIBRATION OF THE STRING OF THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
AND A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING IT.

 The inventions relate to stringed musical instruments, in particular, to the method for vibrating the string of the musical instrument and to the device for its implementation.

 Musical instruments with keyboard and strings, such as the piano, the harpsichord and the clavichord, use for the emission of a sound the struck or plucked cord, which does not make it possible to emit sounds of a continuous character , to realize according to the choice of the interpreter all the diversity of the attacks and falls of the sound, vibrato, to modify its interior dynamics, its micro-and macrofluctuations of the timbre and the height. At the same time, the relative ease of managing the keyboard mechanism of these instruments makes it possible to perform the virtuoso manipulation of discontinuous sounds, produced on various strings, as well as the simultaneous use of several strings, allowing the playing of chords and other types of polyvoxia.

 Musical instruments with a bow, such as the violin, viola, cello and double bass, use the friction of the string to emit a sound, which makes it possible to continuously change several characteristics of the sound , such as attack, fall, inner dynamics, timbre (within certain limits); perform vibrato, changes in pitch at micro and macro intervals and extract harmonic sounds using the left hand technique (finger movement of the perform along the rope). However, their construction limits to two the quantity of voices emitted simultaneously, excludes the extraction of multiphonics on a single string and does not have the technical advantages of the musical instruments with keyboard and strings described above.

 In the two groups of musical instruments described above, the string represents the sound body, but the hammer of the piano or the bow of the string instrument, triggering the sound in a percussive or frictional manner, do not themselves emit vibration.

 Modern electronic musical equipment, controlled by computers, using electronic frequency generators, filters, modulating devices and samplers, makes it possible to work with sound at the level of its microstructures (microtemperation, microrythma and microarticulation) and offer the composer a variety of working possibilities with an unlimited amount of simultaneous, real voices, on continuous or discontinuous sound.

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- iT But, by definition, these instruments reproduce a synthesized sound, not endowed with qualities immanent in acoustic sound: its imperfection and spontaneity. Even when using real-time reproduction and management systems (live-electronic), these qualities of the synthesized sound do not always allow the listener to come into contact with the instrument stripped of all artifice.

 There are descriptions of inventions of hybrid musical instruments with bow keyboard.

1. 286. 667), en crin (le Brevet d'invention français Nu 1. 116. 966) ou des disques rotatifs, disposés perpendiculairement aux cordes (United States Patent N'1327072). La réalisation des dispositifs pour l'émission du son en tant qu' archet infini concède de changer de façon continue des caractéristiques du son agogiques (son attaque et sa chute) et dynamiques, mais n'autorise pas sur chaque corde des modifications de la hauteur et du timbre, des vibrati, des multiphoniques et des harmoniques, car l'archet lui-même exerce son action toujours sur le même endroit de la corde défini à l'avance par la construction de l'instrument. In some of these descriptions of inventions, infinite circular bows are proposed in threads (The certificate of author of the USSR? 1557585), in leather (the Patent of French invention?

1,286,667), in horsehair (the French Patent for Invention Nu 1,116,966) or rotating discs, arranged perpendicular to the strings (United States Patent N'1327072). The realization of devices for the emission of sound as an infinite bow concedes to continuously change the agogic (its attack and its fall) and dynamic characteristics of sound, but does not authorize on each string modifications of the pitch and timbre, vibrati, multiphonics and harmonics, because the bow itself always exerts its action on the same place on the string defined in advance by the construction of the instrument.

 Other devices are also known: those, proposed for a vibrato emission from a radiator grille oscillating along an isolated string, by lengthening and shortening its resonant part; as a result, the sounds emitted on the rope continuously raise or lower their height continuously (The Author's Certificate of the USSR N'363113). The piano produces a vibrating sound.

 Also known are the devices which cause the rope to oscillate by adhesive vibration (United States Patents?? 3,525,283 and 3,577. 823).

 Also known are the devices making it possible to obtain a main harmonic of the corresponding string using a special damper, governed by the pedal (United States Patent? 2.267. 991).

 Devices are also known which make it possible to shorten the string and obtain sounds of different height on the same string, by means of the longitudinal movement of the finger along the pressed key, which makes it possible to change the strength of the tension. rope (French Patent Application? national registration 77 32963).

 In all the aforementioned sources, we describe the devices allowing in some cases - agogic and dynamic modifications of the sound, in others-micro and macrofluctuations of the heights, including vibrato, others still-within certain limits-of the

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 timbral changes in the isolated sound. However, none of the above-mentioned inventions makes it possible to carry out all of these sound modifications simultaneously.

 Among the previous processes observed, concerning the vibration of the string of the musical instrument, the closest to that which we want to declare is the process which presents the cooperation between the action element and the string through pressure and minimal displacement of this element along the rope. (United States Patent? 3.620. 117). But in this way, only insignificant fluctuations in the pitch of the sound (vibrato) are reached, while timbral modifications and the pitch of the sound at the macro-interval scale remain impracticable.

 Among the prior devices for implementing the above-mentioned methods, observed above, the closest to the one which we want to declare is a means of implementing the method for determining variations in sounds generated by a keyboard musical instrument. presented in the French Patent Application? national registration number 77 32963. Thanks to the movement of the interpreter's finger along the key, we can modify the characteristics of the heights of the sound emitted on the string on the scale of macro and micro intervals, thanks to the change in the strength of its tension. However, such a construction, by making it possible to modify the pitch of the sound continuously within certain limits, limited by the physical properties of the strings and by their distension capacities, does not offer the performer any advantage in the management of other sound characteristics: agogical. dynamic and timbral.

 The objective of the present inventions consists in the creation of a process for the vibration of the string of the musical instrument and of devices for the implementation of this process which will allow the possibilities of sound emission to be widened. on a string and to obtain sounds of a continuous character, to manage its attack, its fall and its internal dynamics, to modify its timbral characteristics and the pitch of the sound on the scale of micro and macro intervals.

 The stated objective is achieved through an interaction between the action element and the rope through the pressure and the displacement of this element along the rope-because of the fact that the aforementioned action element is accomplished with the possibility of emission in itself of sound vibrations; thus its contact with the rope comprises a reciprocal triggering in the rope and in this action element-sound vibrations effected by the change of position of the point of the pressure of the latter on the rope and by its frictional contact with the rope during its displacement along it and / or its offset from the point of pressure.

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L'objectif se réalise aussi grâce au fait que la modification de ia position du point de a pression de l'élément d'action sur la corde et son contact frictionnel avec celle-ci se produit avec le changement de vitesse et/ou de direction du déplacement de l'élément d'action.

The objective is also achieved thanks to the fact that the modification of the position of the pressure point of the action element on the rope and its frictional contact with it occurs with the change of speed and / or direction moving the action item.

 This objective is also achieved thanks to the fact that the modification of the position of the point of pressure of the action element on the rope and its frictional contact with the latter is reproduced continuously or discontinuously.

 The objective is also achieved thanks to the fact that the displacement of the action element and / or its offset along the rope and its frictional interaction with it can be produced with the change in pressure force, as well as with that of the surface area of the tangency between the action element and the chord.

 In addition, the additional vibration is produced, the frequency and / or amplitude of which can be modified, while the action element moves and / or shifts.

 The achievement of the objective is ensured by the vibration of the action element on the horizontal plane along or across the rope, or on the vertical plane.

 The objective of the inventions is also achieved by creating a device for implementing the method for vibrating the string of the musical instrument, containing the action elements on the string, connected to the mechanism of transmission, and the keyboard, linked to the means of transfer of the action managing this transmission mechanism, characterized in that the latter offers the possibility of a recursive-translative movement along the string and / or a change of the angle of the inclination-in relation to the cord-of the action element, which is designed with its resonant and frictional parts as well as with the possibility of emission in itself of sound vibrations.

 In addition, a device can be provided with a vibrator connected to the action element on the rope.

 The element of action on the rope may be hollow, or composed with its resonant and frictional parts joined in a removable manner or by means of an elastic pad, in spherical or ellipsoidal form, to the surface of which is fixed to the minus a radial chin, or in the form of a cylindrical pivot with the solid bodies of an oval shape at its ends, or with a cavity from one end to the other, inside which is placed the frictional part carrying out a contact with the cord, enveloping it. The surface of the frictional part in contact with the rope can be flat or convex. The frictional part 5 of the action element can be covered by a thin layer of rosin for better contact with the rope 3.

 The objective is also achieved thanks to the fact that the action element comes into contact with the rope at arbitrary points, including those which correspond to one of the vibration nodes of the rope,

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disposé à 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6 etc. parties de sa longueur, ce qui permet de changer es caractéristiques timbrales des sons émis.

arranged at 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6 etc. parts of its length, which allows you to change the timbre characteristics of the sounds emitted.

The technical result of the declared inventions represents a possibility of realizing on each string of the musical instrument the diversity of continuous agogic, dynamic modifications. timbrales of sound, the emission of sounds of any frequency outside the system of equal temperament peculiar to keyboard instruments, and of all intervals, up to the smallest, between two sounds isolated from one or from various strings, as well as the playing of multiphonics.

 The inventions are accompanied by the drawings (fig. 1-24).

 In a fig. 1 is shown the action element accomplished in the form of a sphere with the radial chins, in FIG. 2-shaped cylindrical pivot with solid bodies of oval shape at its ends. In fig. 3 shows the action element on the ellipsoidal rope. In fig. 4 is presented the photo illustrating the manual use of the action element by the performer on a musical instrument, having a large quantity of fixed strings, arranged horizontally on a support, for example, the piano.

 In Figures 5-10 we present the elementary diagrams of a device for the vibration of the string of the musical instrument using the mechanical means of transmitting the signal to the action element, coming from the performer which uses the piano keys and the additional pedal linked together and to the action element on the string by a system of pulleys and wires, and in figs. 11-14-the mechanism fixing the button in a lowered position.

 In fig. 15-16 we present an elementary kinematic diagram of the device for vibrating the string of the musical instrument and an elementary electrical diagram of the management.

 In fig. 17-20 we present variants of the application of this diagram for management from the piano key.

 In fig. 21 we present a variant of the transmission of the signal from the interpreter's finger to the action element using a command transmitted to the computer, using a trackball, installed inside the key, and in figs. 22-24-the variants of the realization of the visual control by the interpreter of the correspondence of the position of his fingers on the keys to the sound result, using the computer.

 According to the invention, a device for implementing the method for vibrating the string of the musical instrument contains at least one carrier 1, on which the action element 2 on the string 3 is fixed. If necessary, this device can be used manually (fig. 4), having chosen in advance the pressure point of the action element towards the rope and by

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moving using the carrier 1 in the given direction along the rope 3. Thanks to the specifics of the construction of the action element 2 and thanks to the fact that it contains the resonant 4 and frictional 5 parts, it forms together with the cord 3 a couple-transmitter, two partners of which simultaneously become subjects of reciprocal frictional action and object of emission of sound, following the interaction resonance-action.

The action element 2, including the resonant part 4, performed with the cavity 6 is fixed on! e carrier 1, is shown in FIG. 3. The resonant part 4 is connected with the frictional part 5 by the mobile elastic buffer 7. Precisely thanks to this fact, sound vibrations arise in the action element 2 on the string, as soon as it begins frictional cooperation with the latter, and these vibrations come into resonance with those of the string. creating the effect of a couple emitting sound.

 The change in character of the displacements of the action element along the rope including modifications of the speed of the displacement, the force of the pressure, the direction of the movement and the application of the vibration, makes it possible to create a sound continuum of timbre, pitch, agogic and dynamic. Constructive realization of the action element. the material used for its manufacture, its spatial geometric shape and its volumes, the size of the resonant part, the surface area and the geometrical specificities of its frictional part exert an influence on the character of the modification of the particular characteristics of this continuum .

 The choice of the position of the point of contact between the action element and the string relative to its harmonic knots, allows the displacement of the action element along the string and the change of the angle of its inclination with respect to the latter to produce a set of multiphonics based on an effect of the interference of harmonics, due to the fact of the disaggregation of the fundamental tones of the whole string and of each of its isolated inter-resonant parts between them, as well as with the main tone of the resonant part of the action element.

 You can get all of these effects manually. However, in this case, the possibility of using several cords simultaneously is limited (fig. 4).

 The construction of the carrier can be envisaged with several action elements, but their use will present considerable difficulties for the interpreter. For this reason, the invention provides variants of the connection of the carrier 1 with the mechanism of the recursivetranslative displacement and / or of the change in the angle of inclination of the action element relative to the rope, directed by the interpreter using various means of signal transmission: mechanical. electromechanical or sensory-electronic.

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Le piano peut servir de base idéale pour la réalisation des inventions déclarées. Son clavier ou

une partie du clavier, ainsi que le système des touches et/ou des pédales supplémentaires-s'il s'avere nécessaire-peuvent être utilisés en tant que poste de commande pour le guidage à distance du mécanisme du déplacement récursif-translatif et de la modification de l'angJc d'inclinaison du porteur, connecté à l'élément d'action. Comme dans le cas du piano ordinaire, chacune des touches réalise l'émission du son sur une seule corde correspondante.

The piano can serve as an ideal base for the realization of declared inventions. His keyboard or

part of the keyboard, as well as the system of keys and / or additional pedals - if necessary - can be used as a control station for the remote guidance of the recursive-translational movement mechanism and the modification of the angle of inclination of the carrier, connected to the action element. As in the case of the ordinary piano, each of the keys produces the sound on a single corresponding string.

 In case of application of the simplest means of transmission of the interpreter's signal: mechanical, -the corresponding key 8 can be provided, for example, with a pin 9, linked by cc the mechanism of recursive movement- translational and the change in pressure level and tilt angle of the wearer surfacing on the down button.

 Two variants of the arrangement of the transmission wires inside the button 8 are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6: vertical (fig. 5) and horizontal (fig. 6). The direction of movement of the wearer and of the action element 2 on the rope 3 may correspond to the direction of movement of the performer's finger pressing on the pin 9 (fig. 5), or be opposite (fig. 6 ).

A special marking 10 representing thin and thick lines, recalling the arrangement of the white and black keys on the piano keyboard, customary for the interpreter, adapts to the surface of each key (fig. 7) to facilitate visual control the frequency of the main tone emitted on the string in correspondence with such or such position of the action element 2 with respect to the string.

 Variants of diagrams of realization of inventions are presented in figs. 8-10.

 When the pedal is not depressed (position 0), the instrument can be used like the ordinary piano (fig. 8). Under the lowering of the performer's foot on the pedal 11, the lever 12 and the pulley and wire system 13 begin to lift. Following this fact the action element 2 and the pin 9 linked with this system, also move upwards, and approach appropriately towards the cord 3 and towards the upper surface of the key 8.

 When the pedal 11 is half-depressed (position I) using the ordinary mechanism for fixing the III-th central pedal of the piano (fig. 9), the pin 9 surfaces on the depressed key 8, while the action element 2 does not yet come into contact with the rope.

The interpreter, by moving the pin 9 in the direct or reverse direction along the pressed key, can thus move the action element 2 along the string without their contact. By using the marking 10 on the key for orientation, he can, in this way, choose any point on the rope as he wishes, where then the action element 2 and the rope can come into contact ( fig. 9).

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During the subsequent lowering of the pedal Il and of its fixing in the lower position Il (fig. 10), the action element 2 comes into contact with the rope 3, thereby forming a couple-transmitter sound. It can thus move along the rope as a function of the movement of the pin 9 along the pressed key 8, by the interpreter's finger.

In this case, the performer can make a small additional movement of the pedal \ down, which allows him to adjust the degree of pressure of the action element 2 on the rope 3. and thus direct the attack, the fall and the inner dynamics of the sound emitted when moving the action element 2 along the cord 3, as well as achieving the vertical vibration of the sound emitting couple.

 The speed, the direction of movement of the action element 2 along the cord 3. the horizontal vibration of the element 2 and their modifications depend entirely on the characteristics of the movement of the finger of the interpreter making the contact a \ ec pin 9 along the button.

 The complete lowering (up to + position II) of the pedal II and of the key 8 axec lc simultaneous movement of the pin 9, makes it possible to emit the sound in the mixed slip-sliding technique.

 In fig. 11-14, we present a mechanism allowing to fix the key 8 in the pressed position, in order to facilitate the work of the interpreter, obliged to use the same keys for a long time.

transmission 13. Une lame transversale 19 est placée à l'intérieur de la touche 8 au-dessus d'un orifice 20, percé dans le fronton de la touche 8. Lors de l'abaissement de la touche. ce détail 14 rejoint la lame 19. Quand la pédale 11 s'abaisse, l'axe 16 de la poulie se soulè\e. ainsi que l'extrémité 18 du détail 14, et ce détail bascule vers une position horisontale. The detail 14 with a slot 15 is fixed on the axis 16 of the pulley and son system.

transmission 13. A transverse blade 19 is placed inside the key 8 above an orifice 20, drilled in the pediment of the key 8. When the key is lowered. this detail 14 joins the blade 19. When the pedal 11 is lowered, the axis 16 of the pulley is raised. as well as the end 18 of detail 14, and this detail switches to a horizontal position.

 As soon as the pin 9 moves to its extreme position, it pushes the detail 14 to translate the orifice 20 of the pediment of the key 8 to fit into the slot 21 of the front bar 22. The reverse movement of the pin 9 exerts no influence on the detail 14, its part 17 deumerant in the slot 21, thus fixing the key in the pressed position. When the pedal 11 returns to the initial position 0, the axis of the pulley 16 lowers and brings out the part 17 of the detail 14 from the slot 21 through the orifice 20 through the pediment of the button 8, which stops fixing the button 8.

A variant of the use of the electromechanical transmission mechanism is presented in FIGS. 15 and 16.

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 The elementary kinematic diagram of the transmission mechanism ensuring the displacement of the cylindrical carrier 1 is presented in FIG. 15. The three spherical action elements 2 containing studs 24 are installed on this carrier 1 in the housings 23. The three studs 24 which can be designed from various materials, come into contact with the rope 3, managed by three electromagnets Ml, M2, M3. Their connection with the chucks is not shown in the diagram. To maintain contact between the chin pieces 24 with different cords. he boxes 23 are offset on the surface of the cylindrical carrier 1.

 The electromagnets are switched on using TL T2, T3 circuit breakers (fig.! 6).

cordes, car chaque élément d'action ne peut entrer en contact qu'avec une seule corde. Son degré de pression sur la corde dépend de la force du courant dans l'électroaimant. Il est géré par un ZD potentiomètre Pl à l'aide du coulisseau 28. Le moteur réversible Dv alimenté par le courant continu tourne la vis de commande 25 par un réducteur 26 provoquant le déplacement de l'élément d'action le long de la corde. L'écrou 27 qui se déplace le long de la visse 25, est connecté au porteur 1 lié avec les éléments 2 d'action. Le coulisseau 29 du potentiomètre P3 du détecteur de position est connecté à l'écrou 27. La vitesse du déplacement des éléments d'action dépend du nombre des tours du moteur Dv et peut être réglé dans certaines limites à J'aide du coulisseau 30 du potentiomètre P2. Son déplacement débute avec la mise en marche du disjoncteur T4 à la position"en avant"ou"en arrière". Dès que le manche du disjoncteur se relâche, il revient à la position initiale du"stop". Les interrupteurs terminaux KBH et KBB sont installés dans des positions extrêmes pour la protection du moteur Dv des surchargements. Des qu'une des positions extrêmes est atteinte, le moteur Dv s'arrêtte et ne peut redémarrer qu'en sens inverse à l'aide du disjoncteur T4. Le voltmètre B qui reçoit une tension électrique

provenant du coulisseau 29 du rhéostat P3 du détecteur de la position, peut être utilisé en tant qu'indicateur de position. Dans la position extrême"en arrière"le voltmètre indique"0". et dans la position extrême"en avant"-la valeur maximale de son échelle. As soon as one of the circuit breakers is turned on, its indicator light LL 1. 2 on 1. 3 lights up. thus showing contact of the chin with the rope in question. The arrangement on the wearer of three action elements with three studs 24 at a time enables them to be brought into contact with one, two or three cords 3. The number of action elements must correspond to the number of

strings, because each action element can only come into contact with one string. Its degree of pressure on the rope depends on the strength of the current in the electromagnet. It is managed by a ZD potentiometer Pl using the slide 28. The reversible motor Dv powered by direct current turns the control screw 25 by a reduction gear 26 causing the action element to move along the rope . The nut 27 which moves along the screw 25 is connected to the carrier 1 linked with the action elements 2. The slide 29 of the potentiometer P3 of the position detector is connected to the nut 27. The speed of movement of the action elements depends on the number of revolutions of the motor Dv and can be adjusted within certain limits using the slide 30 of the potentiometer P2. Its displacement begins with the switching on of the T4 circuit breaker in the "forward" or "backward" position. As soon as the handle of the circuit breaker is released, it returns to the initial "stop" position. The KBH and KBB terminal switches are installed in extreme positions to protect the Dv motor from overloads. As soon as one of the extreme positions is reached, the Dv motor stops and can only restart in the opposite direction using the T4 circuit breaker. Voltmeter B which receives an electrical voltage

coming from the slide 29 of the rheostat P3 of the position detector, can be used as a position indicator. In the extreme "back" position the voltmeter indicates "0". and in the extreme "forward" position - the maximum value of its scale.

 Thus, after bringing one of the jaws 24 into contact with the corresponding rope 3, the action element can move along the rope by rubbing it and / or shift with respect to one of the pressure points on the rope with a change in pressure intensity and / or speed and / or direction of movement. The existence of more complex kinematic links

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permettra de modifier l'angle d'inclinaison d'éléments d'action par rapport à la corde au moment de déplacer le porteur.

will modify the angle of inclination of action elements relative to the rope when moving the carrier.

The diagram of the management of the movement of the carrier with the action elements on the rope exposed above can also be applied for remote guidance from the piano key. In this case, the circuit breaker Tl managing the contact of the action element 2 with the cord 3. is installed under the key, and it is started up by pressing the key. even the most minimal.

The potentiometer Pl, regulating the degree of pressure from element 2 towards the string, can also be installed under the key near the front bar of the keyboard, or placed inside this bar, reacting in both cases on the key press value.

In fig. 17-18 we present a variant of the arrangement of the potentiometer P! with its slide 29 in the front bar 22 of the keyboard: before the key 8 is lowered (fig.) 7) and after it is lowered (fig. 18).

The potentiometer P2, regulating the speed of movement of the action element 2 relative to the string, is arranged inside the key. It reacts to the longitudinal movement of ZZD's finger interprets it on its surface. To do this, the head of the fingerboard is made of elastic material. to allow the lower surface of the head of the button to come into contact with the slide 30 of the potentiometer P2, installed close to the latter inside the button. Thus, the position of the performer's finger on the surface of the key defines the speed of movement of the action element 2 along the string, effected by the motor Dv. The schematic diagram of the arrangement of the potentiometer P2 inside the key is shown in your fig.] 9-20. Two different positions of the slide of the rheostat in these figures correspond to two different positions of the finger on the surface of the key and at two different speeds of movement of the action element along the string.

The third variant of the embodiment of the invention is sensory-electronic. Finally, a digital sensory device, installed inside each key, can follow the position of the finger of z: l the interpreter on the key and its movement at such and such speed the of the latter. and transmitting a digital signal to the computer which activates a mechanism for moving the action element with a defined speed and direction. Thus, the connection between the interpreter's finger moving along the key, and the action element on the string, is accomplished within the framework of the system: detector-receiver. Another digital sensory device, installed under the button, will transmit a command to bring the action element closer to the rope and to modify various degrees of pressure on the rope, when the corresponding button is lowered. In this way, the interpreter can, if the key is not pressed, move the element of the action

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long de la corde sans contact avec celle-ci, si la touche est abaissée, gérer l'interaction de l'élément sus-mentionné avec la corde.

along the rope without contact with it, if the key is down, manage the interaction of the above-mentioned element with the rope.

surface de cette bille (fig. 21). En effectuant sa rotation en avant-en arrière, il transmet un signal au déplacement de l'élément d'action sur la corde dans la direction correspondante. Systems used in computers for transmitting commands to the screen of a computer from a mouse containing a trackball or from other control devices can also be applied. In the latter case, a small ball is installed inside the key so that the interpreter's finger, by lowering the key, comes into contact axec the

surface of this ball (fig. 21). By rotating it forwards and backwards, it transmits a signal to the movement of the action element on the rope in the corresponding direction.

If the interpreter's finger moves transversely or if it vibrates horizontally.] The ball inside the key turns in the same direction (left-right) and sends a signal to the mechanism for modifying the degree of d inclination of the action element 2 with respect to the cord 3. The vertical vibration of the finger with respect to the ball (up-down) allows it to perform a vertical vibration of the action element on the cord.

One can also use other systems, applied in data processing for the transmission of the commands towards the screen of a computer, like for example, Track-Pad. Track Point.

Moise-Point etc. They make it possible to reproduce on the screen the trajectory of the cursor corresponding to the movement of the finger making a slight pressure on a small sensorial surface. This sensory surface can be placed on the surface of each key. The detectors, placed inside each key, analyze data resulting from the position of the interpreter's finger on the surface and the degree of its pressure, convert this data into a digital signal and transmit it to the computer. The latter develops a command to effect the bringing together and the displacement of the action element 2 with respect to the rope with such or such angle of inclination, degree of pressure, speed, etc.

 Signal transmission can also be carried out without contact - according to the latest applications developed by scientists at the Technological University of Massachusetts (USA) which manage computer systems using the movement of fingers above the surface from the office. In this case, the special detectors, placed under the surface. detect and analyze the variability of the calorific emission of the finger and / or of its electrical capacity to its approach and its movement (this last effect was patented and developed by the Russian inventor Leon Termin in connection with electronic musical instruments , in particular, a Terminvox (these inventions were patented in RSFSR under the Numbers 612 and 890, according to the declared certificates N 7859 of September 15, 1922 and N 75152 of June 23, 1921).

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The use of these contactless detectors does not change anything in the main scheme of) the transmission of information from the interpreter's fingers to the action element on the rope. Approaching the finger towards the key triggers a command to bring the action element closer to the rope. Its longitudinal horizontal displacement on) a key controls the displacement of the action element along the rope at the corresponding speed.

Its transverse displacement on the horizontal surface of the key or its \ ibration (left-right) manages the change of the angle of the inclination of the action element relative to the string. The vertical vibration (the microscopic approach of the finger towards the corresponding key and its distance to the border of the threshold making it possible to maintain contact with it) is used to manage the vertical vibration of the action element relative to the string .

contact) peuvent se compléter réciproquement et être utilisées dans des constructions h. brides, en cas de nécessité, au moment de la réalisation concrète de l'invention. Ainsi, par exemple, l'utilisation de la transmission sensorielle-électronique du signal depuis la touche n'exclut pas l'utilisation de la transmission mécanique du commandement depuis ! a pedate pour rapprocher l'élément d'action avec la corde (fig. 8-10), ni une installation mécanique pour a fixation de la touche dans la position appuyée (fig. 11-14). La modification du degré de pression de l'élément 2 d'action sur la corde 3 peut être réalisée à l'abaissement de la touche par le doigt de l'interprète, tant à l'aide du potentiomètre (fig. 17-18) qu'avec l'utilisation du dispositif sensoriel, placé sous la touche. The above-mentioned variants of the signal transmission from the interpreter to the action element on the string: mechanical, electromechanical and sensory-electronic (m cc or without-

contact) can complement each other and be used in constructions h. flanges, if necessary, at the time of the practical implementation of the invention. Thus, for example, the use of the sensory-electronic transmission of the signal from the key does not exclude the use of the mechanical transmission of the command from! a pedate to bring the action element closer to the rope (fig. 8-10), nor a mechanical installation for fixing the button in the pressed position (fig. 11-14). The modification of the degree of pressure of the element 2 of action on the string 3 can be carried out by lowering the key by the finger of the interpreter, both using the potentiometer (fig. 17-18) only with the use of the sensory device, placed under the button.

 But even in hybrid constructions, the sensory-electronic type of signal transmission has certain advantages allowing the interpreter to control all the characteristics of the sound with greater accuracy according to an interactive principle.

émis, permet à l'interprète de réaliser avec la plus grande exactitude le contrôle \ isue ! du résultat sonore à l'aide de l'ordinateur. Toutes ces combinaisons sont fixées en tant que code digital dans le catalogue électronique. Chaque valeur de ce code digital doit correspondre aux caractéristiques digitales décrivant la position du doigt de l'interprète sur la touche : point de son

attouchement, vitesse et direction de son déplacement longitudinal, degré de son déplacement ZD In the case of the transmission of the sensory-electronic signal, a prior spectral analysis of the correspondences between all the possible combinations of the choice of the point of contact, the speed and direction of movement, the angle of the inclination, the degree of pressure, character of vibration and their mutual change, and characteristics of sounds

issued, allows the interpreter to carry out the \ isue control with the greatest accuracy! of the sound result using the computer. All these combinations are set as digital code in the electronic catalog. Each value of this digital code must correspond to the digital characteristics describing the position of the interpreter's finger on the key: point of sound

touch, speed and direction of its longitudinal displacement, degree of its displacement ZD

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transversal, degré de l'abaissement de la touche, caractère de la vibration longitudinale ou transversale, ainsi que leur changement réciproque.

transverse, degree of the lowering of the key, character of the longitudinal or transverse vibration, as well as their reciprocal change.

The interpreter can observe the graphic representation of all the characteristics of sounds and their correspondences at such or such position of each of the ten fingers at the defined point of each key, on the screen of the multiprocessor computer, installed in the desk of F instrument.

In fig. 22 the touch points of the interpreter's 10 fingers are indicated with the corresponding signs (e for the left hand and o for the right hand). Characteristics of sounds emitted appear on the screen when the performer's fingers move along each of the ten keys. In two vertical columns of fig. 22 are indicated the frequencies of the sounds in Herz and the names of the corresponding notes. The names of the keys used by the interpreter momentarily are indicated at the bottom of the screen. In our example, an interpreter perceives from the computer screen information on the frequencies of all the sounds it reproduces in ten coolonnes corresponding to the ten fingers: 1) "Clean" sounds (the keys of the hand left mi b -the sound if b2 and sol -the sound do3, the right hand button the -the sound do &num; 3 and do &num; -se se ml).

2) Sounds with their clearly audible harmonics (the mi key of the left hand - the sounds ground 9 - soil 91 - re &num; 2, the key do of the left hand the sounds do2 - sol2, the key if of the hand right-the sounds fa &num; - fa, your key mi with the right hand-the sounds mil - si2 - mi3) and 3) Multiphonics (the keys "ré" of the left hand and ré &num; of the right hand) .

As soon as the interpreter's finger stops contacting one of the keys, the representation disappears in the corresponding column on the computer screen. If, subsequently, this interpreter's finger comes into contact and moves along another key, graphical information on the sound frequencies, reproduced on a new string, corresponding to the key in question, appears on the computer screen in the same column.

Because of the representation in the catalog as corresponding digital code of all the combinations of the possible choice of the reciprocal modifications engendered by the cooperation of the action element 2 and the chord 3, the composer can introduce into the program of the computer all the macro and micro-characteristics concerning the frequencies. the necessary timbre, agogics and dynamics of the sound material, by writing them in a graphic score. The defined combination of the characteristics of the displacement of the action element 2 with respect to the string corresponds to each graphic point of each voice of this partition described by the same digital code. The aforementioned score can thus be produced with metodic precision, even without the participation of the performer as was the case with the works

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écrites pour toutes sortes d'instruments mécaniques musicaux depuis le XVI-jusqu'au début du XX siècle, ou des partitions graphiques de la musique électronique contemporaine assistée par ordinateur. Mais à la différence des uvres classiques pour les instruments mécaniques, la partition graphique réalisée sur l'ordinateur d'après ce catalogue, permet de reproduire non seulement la hauteur et le rythme, mais toutes les caractéristiques du son. L'exactitude absolue de la réalisation de toutes caractéristiques sonores propres à a musique électronique

contemporaine est appliquée dans notre cas à la sonorité d'un instrument acoustique.

written for all kinds of mechanical musical instruments from the XVI-to the beginning of the XX century, or graphic scores of contemporary computer-assisted electronic music. But unlike the classic works for mechanical instruments, the graphic score produced on the computer according to this catalog, makes it possible to reproduce not only the pitch and the rhythm, but all the characteristics of the sound. The absolute accuracy of the realization of all sound characteristics specific to electronic music

contemporary is applied in our case to the sound of an acoustic instrument.

(pour simplifier, nous ne représentons sur les graphiques de ces exemples que les tons principaux des cordes sans leurs harmoniques et multiphoniques). La désignation des fréquence en I lers et la couleur de chaque ligne du graphique correspondent à celles des points indiquant ta position des doigts de l'interprète sur les touches. Les points sur les graphiques de la íit me seconde de cet exemple) correspondent au résultat sonore observé sur la fig. 22. When the performer plays this score, his fingers reproduce the digital code analogous to the graphic score and manage its transmission to the action element on the string. Such variants are shown in Figs. 23-24. The graphical curves on the computer screen indicate in real time the conformity of the positions of the fingers to the frequencies of the sounds reproduced

(for simplicity, we represent on the graphs of these examples only the main tones of the strings without their harmonics and multiphonics). The frequency designation in I lers and the color of each line of the graph correspond to those of the dots indicating your position of the interpreter's fingers on the keys. The dots on the graphs of the second second of this example) correspond to the sound result observed in fig. 22.

b) informer le musicien au sujet de la conformité de la position de ses doigts au résultat sonore soúhaité ; c) réaliser la partition graphique de la composition écrite par le compositeur et enregistré par l'ordinateur sans la participation de l'interprète. Thus the device can: a) analyze the position and the characteristics of the movement of the interpreter's fingers on the keys of the instrument in real time;

b) inform the musician about the conformity of the position of his fingers to the desired sound result; c) produce the graphic score of the composition written by the composer and recorded by the computer without the participation of the performer.

 The fact that all the variants of the device (mechanical, electromechanical or sensory-electronic) carrying out this new process for the vibration of the string of the musical instrument provide fairly usual actions for an interpreter familiar with pianistic technique, that they apply to the morphological structure of the hand and do not contradict the means of interpretation already known, represents one of the advantages of the mixed system with clm ier and pedal for managing the action element on the rope .

 Another advantage consists in the fact that the piano, supplemented by the device described above, keeps its conventional means of emitting sound, but can, at the same time, prove to be a new instrument with keyboard and strings, thanks to the use of special pedals and transmission mechanisms. Depending on the composer's project, the performer can simultaneously use this new technique of sound emission on part of the keys in eur

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position fixée (fig. 11-14) et une émission traditionnelle du son sur une autre partie des touches non fixées.

fixed position (fig. 11-14) and a traditional emission of sound on another part of the unfixed keys.

All the advantages of the declared inventions, listed above. or \ great prospects for the subsequent application and development of the new device for the implementation of the method for vibrating the string of the musical instrument and the creation of new keyboard and string instruments.

According to the inventions, a new musical instrument endowed with technical advantages of keyboard instruments, such as the possibility of transmitting several sounds simultaneously and the playing of chords, the ease of visual control, etc., considerably expands the expressive possibilities of the sound, by making it possible to produce the sound by a new process and to receive sounds of a continuous character, to consciously manage all the possible characteristics of the sounds: attack, fall, dynamics interior and the character of the \ vibration. to modify the timbral characteristics of the sounds emitted, combining various harmonic formants, to perform the set of multiphonics on each isolated string, as well as to reproduce sounds of any frequency outside the system of equal temperament specific to keyboard instruments- stringed.

By granting musicians the possibility of working with sound at the level of microstructures, of modifying its characteristics on the scale of microinter \ alles. microtimbre, microdynamics which was only possible until recently in electronic studios, this proposed musical instrument remains entirely acoustic.

The application of the computer is limited only to the mechanism for managing the reproduction of acoustic sound, and not for the creation of new sounds by electronic synthesis or by modification of natural acoustic sounds using electronic signal processing. For its proper operation in concert conditions, it is not necessary to use sound amplification equipment, speakers etc. (except in cases specially provided by the composer).

In the event of the creation of the sensory-electronic mechanism managed using the computer, this new musical instrument will become one of the first representatives of the new class of acoustic-computer musical instruments, allowing the interpretation of the composition with or without the participation of the interpreter.

The declared inventions can be used to create the new string keyboard instrument.

Claims (9)

 CLAIMS 1. Method for vibrating the string of the musical instrument, by means of an interaction between the action element and the string by means of the pressure and displacement of this element along of the rope, characterized in that the above-mentioned action element is accomplished with the possibility of emission in itself of sound vibrations, and that its contact with the rope includes a reciprocal triggering-in the rope and in this action element-sound vibrations effected by the change of position of the pressure point of this element on the rope and by its frictional contact with the rope during its displacement along the latter and / or its offset from the point pressure.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the modification of the position of the pressure point of the action element on the rope and its frictional contact with it occurs continuously or discontinuously with the change of speed and / or direction of movement of the action element.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement of the action element and / or its offset along the rope and their frictional interaction with it is repeated with a change in the surface area of the tangency between the action element and the rope and / or pressure force.  4. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that the additional vibration is produced, the frequency and / or amplitude of which can be modified, on the horizontal plane along or across the cord, or on the vertical plane while the action element moves and / or shifts.  5. The device for vibrating the string of a musical instrument, containing action elements on the string, connected to a transmission mechanism, and a keyboard and pedals, linked by means of transfer of the action managing this transmission mechanism, characterized in that this transmission mechanism allows recursive-translational movement along the rope and / or a change in angle of inclination-relative to the rope-of the element d 'action designed with its resonant and frictional parts with the possibility of emission in itself of sound vibrations.  6. The device according to claim 5 characterized in that the action element on the rope is indetachable, or made with its resonant and frictional parts, removably joined or using an elastic buffer, designed in spherical or ellipsoidal form, to the surface of which is fixed at least one radial spur, or produced in the form of a cylindrical pivot with solid bodies of an oval shape at its ends, or <Desc / Clms Page number 17>  with a cavity from one end to the other, inside which is placed the frictional part making contact with the cord, by wrapping the latter. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control station of the transmission mechanism, placed inside and / or near the surface of each key of the keyboard, under the key and in the front bar of the instrument is turned on by pressing and moving the performer's finger over the surface of the key. 8. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the transmission of the control signal of the action element takes place by mechanical and / or electromechanical and / or sensory-electronic means with or without contact. 9. The device according to claim 5 characterized in that each of the possible combinations of the choice of the point of cooperation, the speed and direction of movement, the angle of the inclination, the character of the vibration and of their reciprocal modification carried out with the cooperation of the action element and the string, are fixed as digital code and that a computer reproduces the score, represented by this digital code, with or without the participation of the interpreter.