FR2820753A1 - Thermolysis process for animal flours and or organic materials and/or vegetable matter, comprises simultaneously subjecting material to catalyst, microwaves, pressure and heat - Google Patents

Abstract

A material is reduced to granules and plunged into a liquid bath during its thermolysis. It is simultaneously subject to a catalyst, microwaves, pressure and heat. The bath contains a heavy fuel and/or other hydrocarbon, the microwaves have a frequency of 2450 MHz and the pressure is 10 bar. The thermolysis produces a condensate which is an oil which can be and is diluted in the bath. The thermolysis takes place in a reactor to produce a gas that can be condensed by simple cooling, a non-condensible fraction, particles of carbon, a fraction of sulfur elements and other water-soluble components. In addition the process includes producing the granules from the original material, treating the material from the thermolysis, ensuring the calorific autarky of the process and ensuring the environmental cleanness of the transformation process. The granules are formed by a slubbing device fitted with a granulator. The mixture is dehydrated and degasified in a dehydrator which heats the original material to a temperature above the boiling point of water, mixes the material, extracts the vapors produced and compensates for the level drop by adding material from downstream of the dehydrator. The products from the reactor are washed with water downstream of the reactor to dissolve the water-soluble fractions and the mixture is decanted into a centrifuge to separate the solid fraction and the water. These fractions are then evaporated to produce dry carbon (coke), a desulfurated heavy fuel/dehydrated oil mixture, distilled water and other dry residue including sulfur compounds. An independent claim is also included for a reactor for carrying out the above process, which is a square or rectangular tube in shape, with the dimensions of the square or rectangle being the same as or a multiple of the wavelength of the microwaves being used to form a wave guide for the reactor. The tube has magnetrons placed along it and quartz windows set into openings which are sealed to the bath but transparent to microwaves. Chicanes in the tube are also transparent to microwaves and the inside of the tube is coated in platinum by electrolytic deposit. The flour and/or organic material and/or vegetable matter is/are introduced into the bottom of the vertical tube and the outlet from the reactor is at the top.

Description

<Desc / Clms Page number 1>

 BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION. As of the filing date of this patent application, most states have created crisis cells concerning the so-called "mad cow" disease, which has the famous animal meal as a corollary. There is no doubt that many solutions will be proposed for the elimination of these flours, starting with their combustion in industrial boilers, but it is not obvious that the drawbacks linked to this mode of elimination are perceived at first sight.

The cement industry could absorb a part of these flours by introducing them into kilns of small proportions. However, this is not so simple, because these flours can only be introduced far downstream of the oven burners, in a place called "smoke box", that is for a layman, rather towards the chimney, in a place where the temperature is already significantly lower and the residence time significantly shorter.

There is certainly no risk that the prion can resist such treatment, but the problem is not there, it is in the releases into the atmosphere of dangerous compounds, as well as odors.

These drawbacks could be partially remedied by strengthening the chimney filters, but again, the economic record would not allow it.

Legislation has provided for this pollution problem and imposes a relatively low limit on the rate of addition of such auxiliary fuels.

In a municipal incineration plant, combustion would also pose many problems, or also the economic factor linked to the strengthening of filters. While the incineration of these flours in specific incinerators would be unaffordable.

Faced with the urgency and to avoid the accumulation of colossal quantities of these flours, the states launched calls for proposals to find solutions; but in the absence of valid answers, the decision-makers are now preparing to launch research programs.

 This first has the advantage of reassuring public opinion ... but what would be the time required to develop a process and to whom to entrust the mission? Probably we would turn to laboratories specializing in combustion research. But who can claim to solve the problem by this way? This is where the present invention comes in, which relates to a process for transforming animal meal and organic or plant products into a liquid hydrocarbon of excellent quality.

<Desc / Clms Page number 2>

The idea of the invention is to subject the particles of animal meal to thermolysis, in order to break the organic molecules which compose them, to obtain lighter fractions then to recombine the latter between them to produce a clean and efficient hydrocarbon which can serve as liquid fuel for industry, under the best conditions of implementation and without harming the environment.

If such flours are subjected to a simple thermolysis, this releases: - gases, - tars, - solid carbonaceous residues.

Unfortunately, all of these products then contain undesirable components capable of generating upon combustion, toxic products such as dioxins, furans and sulfur elements such as sulfides or sulfates.

One could consider carrying out said thermolysis in an inert medium, that is to say in a nitrogen atmosphere.

This would reduce the amount of dioxins, but not remove it, because of the presence of a certain amount of dissolved oxygen or present in the flour.

On the other hand, the amount of furan would be markedly increased due to the presence of this nitrogen and there would also be the formation of various nitrites.

Another solution would consist in replacing nitrogen by hydrogen, that would reduce at the same time dioxins and furans, but the quantity of hydrogen consumed would be much too important because of side reactions of hydrogenation and would remove any economic interest on the one hand, and would pose security concerns, on the other.

Furthermore, thermolysis in a gaseous medium of organic products poses numerous problems of controlling the process, in particular the pressures.

The products obtained in this way give off a foul odor and the fractions obtained are not economically advantageous.

These are made up approximately as follows: 6% water, 25% coke, 11% oil, 58% gas, These results are obtained at a temperature of 500.

The economically interesting fraction would be the liquid fraction represented by the oil, but its bad characteristics and its persistent bad odor, do not allow it to be marketed, moreover the quantity produced is very small.

On the other hand, the handling of flour in an industrial thermolysis installation of this type would be neither easy nor rational.

The drawbacks described above have been demonstrated in the laboratory and have not, to date, given rise to industrial applications.

<Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and relates to an original method which consists in subjecting thermolysis of animal meal in an atmosphere free of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen.

To this end, said thermolysis is carried out on animal meal embedded in a liquid, from the start to the end of the operation, said liquid being called a medium.

The presence of this medium also has the advantage of regulating and controlling in a perfect manner, the temperature of said thermolysis.

A good medium would be heavy fuel oil, but it does not withstand a temperature of 5000 because it evaporates and gasifies at a much lower temperature.

Said heavy fuel oil would however have the great advantage of not requiring its separation downstream with the oils produced during the said thermolysis of said animal meal.

Indeed, the mixture of oils and 1 heavy fuel oil could be sold as such, that is to say mixed.

To overcome this drawback of decomposing said heavy fuel oil, the idea of the present invention is to immerse said flours in heavy fuel oil brought to a slightly lower temperature than are boiling point or gasification is, 1900, then selectively subjecting said particles to a higher temperature, ie their thermolysis temperature.

To do this, we use electromagnetic waves, or microwaves, and that by selecting wavelengths which react with said flours, but not with said heavy fuel oil, or at least only very weakly with the latter, had considering the very short time spent in the atmosphere of said microwaves.

To significantly reduce the fraction of non-condensable gases, in favor of condensable gases, said thermolysis is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, the latter being platinum.

An industrial installation based on the above principle thus occurs. Said flour first undergoes a preparation for thermolysis.

It is previously dehydrated and degassed, which is obtained by subjecting it to a temperature higher than that of boiling water, ie 1250.

This temperature is sufficient to cause complete dehydration and degasification, without initiating the slightest thermolysis, at least for the selected residence time.

This dehydration and degasification at a temperature higher than that of boiling water, is carried out by the introduction of said valves in heavy fuel oil brought to the temperature of 1900. After this first operation, said liquid Ifannes fuel mixture is brought to a temperature close to the boiling point of said fuel, ie 250 ", then immediately introduced into a reactor.

Said reheating is done continuously to avoid a residence time too long at this temperature, which would cause a possible initiation of thermolysis.

<Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 Then we will circulate in the reactor, which is a tubular reactor, said mixture, under the influence of microwaves. For a better propagation of the latter, this tube will have a square or rectangular section whose internal dimension of the sides will meet the mathematical formulas in use in terms of waveguides, having regard to the frequency of the microwaves used.

The fuel / flour mixture which circulates in said tube sees its flour particles carbonize as they progress from one end to the other of said tube, while the fuel remains insensitive and does not react.

This effect is due to the selective receptivity of the electromagnetic energy of said flour particles and the insensitivity to this effect of said fuel and this, at certain microwave frequencies and in particular, at the frequency of 2450 megahertz.

By observing in such a transparent tube said thermolysis reaction in a very dilute bath, we can clearly see gas bubbles which emanate from said particles, gases which come for the most part from the thermolysis of the particles and in very marked proportions lower, by boiling the fuel in the reduced contact zone of said particles.

The gases coming from said fuel-are-in fact-vapors which - are immediately recondensed by the thermal flywheel of the surrounding fuel.

The gases from the thermolysis of flours are of different types and some are quickly recondensed by the ambient thermal flywheel.

Said tube is placed in a vertical position and therefore the bubbles are directed upwards.

By producing a platinum coating inside said tube, the latter will behave like a catalyst and will cause reactions on the residual gases, that is to say those which are not spontaneously liquefied. These reactions have the effect of transforming the gases, allowing them in large proportion to be liquefied after simple cooling to room temperature.

It is noted after cooling of said gases, that those which had been subjected prior to the action of platinum liquefy in very clearly greater proportions at room temperature, than those which have not been subjected to such action.

Said thermolysis carried out under said conditions and after cooling of the gases, produces three fractions: - a gaseous fraction resistant to liquefaction, at ambient temperature, - a liquid fraction composed by the original heavy fuel oil, and in which said oil is diluted from said flours and which bears the name: ORGA-FUEL - a fraction constituted by carbonized particles, having the appearance of a coke, - sulfur-containing compounds and others, of a water-soluble nature.

These fractions are then separated from each other by the action of: - washing with water - centrifugal decantation - evaporation

<Desc / Clms Page number 5>

Après avoir abordé l''aspect théorique de la présente invention, on peut maintenant aborder sa mise en oeuvre technique. L'invention sera bien comprise en se référant à la description ci-dessous, ainsi qu'aux dessins annexés et dont :

- la figure 1 est un synoptique des différentes opérations du procédé, - la figure 2 est un synoptique massique du procédé, - la figure 3 est un synoptique thermique du procédé, - la figure 4 est une vue d'ensemble du procédé, - la figure 5 est une vue d'ensemble du procédé avec les nO de référence du texte - la figure 6 représente le circuit de l'ORGA-FUEL du procédé, - la figure 7 représente le circuit du fuel lourd du procédé, - la figure 8 représente le circuit de la farine animale du procédé, - la figure 9 représente le circuit des gaz du procédé, Le présent procédé fait appel à une installation qui opère en partie en batch et en partie en continu et comprend différentes phases.

After having approached the theoretical aspect of the present invention, we can now approach its technical implementation. The invention will be better understood by referring to the description below, as well as to the accompanying drawings, of which:

- Figure 1 is a block diagram of the various process operations, - Figure 2 is a mass block diagram of the process, - Figure 3 is a thermal block diagram of the process, - Figure 4 is an overview of the process, - the Figure 5 is an overview of the process with the text reference numbers - Figure 6 shows the ORGA-FUEL circuit of the process, - Figure 7 shows the heavy fuel circuit of the process, - Figure 8 represents the circuit of the animal meal of the process, - figure 9 represents the circuit of the gases of the process, The present process calls upon an installation which operates partly in batch and partly continuously and includes different phases.

The batches are linked together and operate in cyclic synchronization, so as to produce a continuous material outlet.

Said installation is fully automated and does not require any manpower, apart from maintenance and monitoring.

Thus, at the entry of the process, we find the two raw materials which are animal meal (1) and heavy fuel oil number one (2).

The flour is first transformed into granules by an extruder fitted with a granulator.

Then these materials are brought into a kneader (3) which transforms them into a liquid mixture or heavy fuel in which the said granules are dispersed.

This mixer has two outlets, one of which (4) captures the odors and gases released by the mixing and which brings them to the boiler (5) of the installation to serve as oxidizer.

The other outlet (6) of the mixer brings the liquid mixture to a dewatering and degassing tower (11). This tower also has two outlets, an outlet (7) which collects water vapor and gases and which brings these products into a fractionated condenser (8).

The outlet (14) of said tower discharges the liquid mixture to a fragmenter (15) which has the function of separating the flour granules which have agglomerated during said dehydration.

Said fragmenter has an outlet (16) which collects the viscous mixture to bring it into a reactor (17).

The reactor in turn has two outlets, of which: - the first (18) collects the reaction gases and brings them to a fractional condenser (8), - the second (19) collects the liquid and the coke particles from the reaction and brings them into a hot washing drum (20), This drum gives itself a glow in a centrifugal decanter (21) Said centrifugal decanter has the function of separating the three constituents, namely: - water charged with said soluble, - ORGA-FUEL, - particles refractory to petrolification and which are coke particles, These products are then separated from one another by a multiple evaporator in parallel and which give: - dry sulfur compounds, - water, which is distilled water, - ORGA-FUEL, purified, - dry coke particles.

<Desc / Clms Page number 6>

In the accompanying drawings, the following are also represented: - the arrival of animal meal by tank car (1) and the storage of these meal in a silo (24).

- a transhipment line (25) of flour between said wagon and said silo.

- a transfer line (26) between said silo and an extruder.

- the arrival of heavy fuel oil by tank car (2) and its storage in a tank (27).

- a transhipment line (28) between said wagon and said tank.

- another transhipment line (29) between said tank and said extruder - the shipment of said ORGA-FUEL by tank car (30).

- a storage tank (31) of said ORGA-FUEL - a pipe (32) which collects all the gases and vapors produced in the installation to bring them into said condenser (8).

- a supply cabinet (33) for the magnetrons located in the reactor (17).

- A line (34) which connects said cabinet to said reactor for the electrical supply of said magnetrons.

- a valve central unit (35) which performs the batch cycles of said dehydrators. PHASE 1 At the entrance to the installation, there are two tanks, one of which contains heavy fuel, and the other, animal meal.

Heavy fuel oil is stored at a temperature of 900 and is easily pumpable and flows easily through a pipeline.

The other tank contains animal meal.

PHASE 2 The said flours are conveyed by an Archimedes screw ferry to a hopper (36) which gives into an extruder (38).

This extruder is fitted with a rotary knife granulator.

Said granulator also has a central inlet (29) through which a small amount of heavy fuel oil is introduced therein in order to facilitate said extrusion.

PHASE 3 The granules obtained then fall into a kneader (6) which results in mixing the granules with hot fuel to obtain a liquid mixture.

The production capacity is two tonnes 1 hour.

This mixer is waterproof and works in an air atmosphere. It has a breather at the top which sucks the odors and directs them towards the condenser (8) of the installation.

The consequences of these first three stages are: - mixing animal meal with heavy fuel oil, in order to obtain a homogeneous liquid which is liable to be pumped out or to flow by gravity.

- No release, of any kind, into the atmosphere.

PHASE 4 of the present process consists in extracting the dissolved gases, as well as the water contained in said homogeneous mixture.

To do this, we have dehydrators which are in the form of autoclaves (11, 12 and 13)) vertical stainless steel.

These autoclaves have a recirculation circuit, made up of a pipe fitted with a powerful motor-pump.

The prevailing temperature is 125 ° C. At the top of the autoclave there is a decompensation outlet which spontaneously evacuates any formation of gas.

This autoclave also has a compensation circuit which has the function of constantly adding to it and refusing the ORGA-FUEL, as the level drops, due to said extraction of gas and water .

Finally, when said extraction is complete, said homogeneous mixture is withdrawn by

<Desc / Clms Page number 7>

 a pipe (14) and is directed to a fragmenter (15). The installation also includes three of these working dehydrators, each in batch.

Thus, when the first batch is filled, the second is in action and the third is emptied.

Therefore, the outlet (6) of the mixer constantly supplies one of the three dehydrators, while said fragmenter (15) is constantly supplied by the outlet of one of said dehydrators.

The consequences of this second operation are: - dehydration of said homogeneous mixture, - degasification of said homogeneous mixture, - an improvement in the viscosity of said homogeneous mixture, - no chemical reaction possible with oxygen or nitrogen from the air, since said dehydrator operates in the absence of air due to the rejection force-feeding of said autoclave.

PHASE 5 consists in separating the particles of animal meal which are agglomerated during said dehydration, called particle-pellets.

To do this, a fragmenter is used which is fed by the outlet of said dehydrators and in turn feeds the inlet of a reactor (17).

The consequence of this third operation is: - the separation of the particles, - the homogenization of said mixture to give it an ideal consistency, for the following operation which takes place in a reactor (17).

PHASE 6 consists in reheating said homogeneous mixture in a heater to 1900. PHASE 7 of the present process consists in cracking the organic molecules and in their recombination, to transform them into an oil which is a liquid hydrocarbon.

To do this, we have an original design cracking reactor.

It is a vertical reactor which has at its base an inlet for said homogeneous mixture and at its upper part, two outlets, one of which delivers a liquid fraction with the suspended coke particles and the other of which delivers a fraction gas.

This reactor operates by four parameters, either: - the temperature of the liquid mixture which is 190, - the pressure which is 30 Barr, - a catalyst which is platinum, - microwaves don the frequency is 2450 megahertz.

The reactor body is a tubular enclosure (39) of rectangular section into which said liquid mixture penetrates from the bottom (40) which emerges therein in the form of a liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon from the top (41).

Throughout this tubular enclosure are located magnetrons (42), the cavity (43) of which gives into said enclosure, said magnetrons being connected to an electronic cabinet for the power supply.

On the junction plane between said rectangular enclosure and said cavities, are located windows (44) which are closed by quartz windows (45).

Said tubular enclosure is made of high purity electrolytic copper. the inner surface of this tube is coated with platinum by electroplating.

The thickness of this platinum layer is at least 45 microns.

The internal dimensions of said rectangular enclosure are equal to a wavelength of the microwaves used or to a multiple or a sub-multiple of this wavelength.

<Desc / Clms Page number 8>

 In said tubular enclosure, baffles made of a material permeable to microwaves are arranged; good materials are quartz, ceramic, borosilicate glass. Baffles are slats tilted upwards.

Before the bottom inlet (40) of said enclosure, a hydraulic pressurizing pump is arranged and, at its top outlet, an exhaust valve calibrated at 30 Barr PHASE 7 of the present process consists in transferring into water, sulfur compounds, and other soluble salts.

To do this, there is a washing drum (20) into which the material from the said reactor is introduced, with the addition of water, and the whole is brought to a temperature of 9 8 "C.

After a residence time of 6 hours, the water turned into a leachate loaded with soluble.

PHASE 8 of this process consists in separating between them the different fractions obtained by the previous phases, namely: - heavy particles, ie wet coke particles, - a light liquid which is ORGA-FUEL with traces of water , - a heavier liquid which is the washing water, charged by said lixiva.

To do this, a centrifugal decanter with Archimedes aim is used. PHASE 9 consists in subjecting said fractions obtained in said decanter to evaporation. To do this, we direct said fractions, each to an appropriate evaporator and we then obtain: - dry coke particles, which are used in the boiler of the installation to participate in the heat self-sufficiency thereof, ORGA-FUEL, very pure, without water and soluble, such as sulfur, and which is directed into the tank (31) of the installation while waiting to be marketed.

 -distilled water which is reused in a closed cycle in the installation.

- sulfur compounds and other compounds which are marketed.

- some rare gases and vapors which are collected by a pipe (32) and directed to the fractionated condenser of the installation.

PHASE 10 This phase is a secondary phase which consists in collecting all the vapors, odors and gases released by the installation, then subjecting them to condensation by different temperature ranges.

This operation is carried out in a fractional condenser (8).

Thus, the lowest level of this condenser is fixed at a temperature of 50oC, it collects the water released at the various stages of the process.

This water is reused in a closed cycle in the installation.

The excess water released by the installation is extracted from the evaporator (8) in the form of distilled water.

Another level is fixed at the temperature of 105C and collects all the other liquids condensable at said temperature and which are the hydrocarbons and oils released in the installation.

All the other gases which cannot be condensed at a temperature of 105 ° C. are directed to the boiler (5) and the oven (23) to participate in the heat self-sufficiency of the installation.

PHASE 11 This phase is also a secondary phase and consists of vitrifying the ash from the installation's boiler.

<Desc / Clms Page number 9>

In summary, the process therefore releases globally: - a mixture of industrial heavy fuel oil and organic heavy fuel oil called ORGA-FUEL, - distilled water, - vitrified bricks, - a sulfur compound, And it consumes: - gases and the coke it produces, - animal meal, - electricity.

The present invention has many advantages.

Thus, the liquid fuel obtained is heavy fuel oil of excellent quality and which has a PCI of 10,000.

It can be used in industrial furnaces such as in cement factories, steelworks, glassworks, foundries.

The advantage of transforming animal meal into a fuel of this type rather than using it such as, in direct combustion, is obvious.

The direct combustion of animal meal, and this even in cement kilns, releases significant pollution and in particular dioxins, furans, sulfur compounds and others, which requires the use of powerful electrostatic precipitators.

However, this does not solve the problem, because some pollution remains, all is not filtered.

In addition, electrostatic precipitators pose the problem of economic profitability, both in terms of investment and operation.

They also generate ultimate waste, which are used filters.

On the other hand, the handling of animal meal in an auxiliary fuel circuit is not easy.

The fuel oil according to the present invention can be stored, mixed and used with conventional heavy fuels in the industry, without requiring modifications to the installations.

The present invention is not limited to the above description, to which numerous modifications can be made without departing from their scope as follows: One can use a different type of catalyst than platinum and in particular rhodium and palladium.

Several different types of catalyst can be used simultaneously.

Different microwave frequencies can be used simultaneously, with some magnetrons operating at one frequency and others operating at other frequencies.

The different types of frequencies that can be used are: Temperatures, pressures, durations, quantities of materials may be different than those shown.

Heavy fuel oil can be replaced by another combustible liquid.

Several different types of liquids can be mixed together.

Animal meal can be replaced by various products or mixed with them.

Said miscellaneous products can be organic waste, plants, sludge from water treatment plants, miscellaneous waste from the paper, petrochemical, food, agrifood or rubber industry.

The washing phase can be completed by a second wash or a greater number of washes.

In one or more of these washes, lime or another base can be introduced to neutralize the PH of the materials obtained.

The water used in the process can be replaced by another liquid, said liquid

<Desc / Clms Page number 10>

 can be a solvent, an acid or a base.

 The process can also include a CLAUS unit for the extraction and purification of the sulfur contained in said sulfur compounds in order to increase its market value.

The water can be subjected to a stripping treatment and / or to a filter press to lighten the said evaporator.

7 Said washing drum can operate under vapor pressure.

Claims (2)

CLAIMS 1) Process for thermolysis of animal meal and / or organic matter and / or plants, characterized in that said animal meal or other organic or vegetable matter is reduced to granules and then immersed in a liquid bath during said thermolysis and subjected at the same time to the combined action of a catalyst, microwave, pressure and heat, - and in that said bath is heavy fuel and / or another hydrocarbon, - and in that said micro -waves have a frequency of 2450 megahertz, - and in that said catalyst is platinum, - and in that said pressure is 10 Bar, - and in that said thermolysis takes place in a reactor, - and in that said thermolysis under said atmosphere produces a gas which can be condensed by simple cooling, - and in that said condensa is an oil, - and in that said oil is dilutable and diluted in said bath, - and in that said thermolysis still produces a fraction from ga z non-condensable, - and in that said thermolysis still produces a fraction of coke particles, - and in that said thermolysis still produces a fraction of sulfur elements and other compounds having the characteristics of being soluble in water, 2) method according to claim 1) characterized in that said method further comprises a set of operations having the function chronologically, - of carrying out the granulation of the raw material, - of treating the materials resulting from said thermolysis, - of ensuring the heat self-sufficiency of said process, - ensuring the cleanliness of the transformation, having regard to the environment, 3) process according to claims 1) and 2) characterized in that said granulation is carried out by a extruder provided with a granulator, - and in that the granules thus obtained are immersed in said bath, 4) process according to claims 1), 2) and 3), characterized in that said mixture is dehydrated and degassed, - and in that said dehydration and extraction is carried out in a dehydrator which has the function: - of heating said raw materials to a temperature above the boiling point of water, - of brewing said raw material, - extracting the vapors produced by an overflow, - compensating for the loss of level of raw materials by adding materials from downstream of said dehydrator, 5) process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material returned by the fragmenter is heated to a higher temperature but lower than the boiling point of said heavy fuel oil, 6) process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the products obtained in said reactor are subjected to downstream to washing with water, and in that said washing has the effect of dissolving the soluble fractions contained in said returned products, <Desc / Clms Page number 12>  7) Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the products restored by said washing are decanted in a centrifugal decanter to restore separately: - the solid fraction, which are the coke particles, - the water 8) process according to claim 8) characterized in that said fractions are each subjected separately to an evaporation, in order to obtain: - dry coke particles, - heavy fuel mixture 1 dehydrated oil, desulphurized, - distilled water, - dry sulfur compounds, as well as other dry bodies, having the common characteristics of being water soluble. 9) reactor for the implementation of thermolysis according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of, - a geometric shape which is that of a tube, - a section of said tube which is a square or a rectangle, - dimensions of said square or of said rectangle which are equal to the wavelength of said microwaves used or to one of their multiples or of their submultiples, and which make of this reactor a guide for waves, - magnetrons which are arranged along said waveguide, - windows formed in said waveguide and which give in the cavities of said magnetrons - portholes tight to said bath but permeable to said microwaves which close said windows, the portholes being made of quartz, - baffles, which are arranged in said waveguide, said baffles being made of a material permeable to said microwaves, - a platinum coating inside of said waveguide, said coating being obtained by electrolytic deposition, - a vertical arrangement of said waveguide, - a low inlet for said bath containing said flours eVou said organic matter and vegetable, - a high outlet for returned materials by the reactor,