FR2808537A1 - FUSION CUP - Google Patents
FUSION CUP Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2808537A1 FR2808537A1 FR0105791A FR0105791A FR2808537A1 FR 2808537 A1 FR2808537 A1 FR 2808537A1 FR 0105791 A FR0105791 A FR 0105791A FR 0105791 A FR0105791 A FR 0105791A FR 2808537 A1 FR2808537 A1 FR 2808537A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- crucible
- max
- alloy
- glass
- waste
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 9
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
- G21F9/305—Glass or glass like matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/005—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture of glass-forming waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/021—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by induction heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/06—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in pot furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
- F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/204—Induction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/18—Radioactive materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Creuset de fusion, présentant une composition comprenant en poids en pourcentage : 24-32 Cr; 8-11 Fe; 0, 15-0, 25 C; 1, 8-2, 4 AI; 0, 1-0, 2 Ti; 0, 05-0, 12 Y; 0, 01-0, 10 Zr; 0, 1 max. Mn; 0, 5 max. Si; 0, 1 max. Cu; le reste étant du Ni, à part des impuretés accidentelles.Melting crucible, having a composition comprising by weight in percent: 24-32 Cr; 8-11 Fe; 0.15-0.25 C; 1, 8-2, 4 AI; 0.1-0.2 Ti; 0.05-0.12 Y; 0.01-0.10 Zr; 0, 1 max. Mn; 0, 5 max. Yes; 0, 1 max. Cu; the rest being Ni, apart from accidental impurities.
Description
CREUSET DE FUSIONFUSION CUP
La présente invention concerne un creuset de fusion et des alliages de métaux pour utiliser en tant que creusets pour la fusion de matériaux en vue de l'encapsulation de matériaux de déchets, particulièrement, bien que non exclusivement, des déchets radioactifs encapsulés par un procédé connu sous le terme vitrification, o le déchet est mélangé avec The present invention relates to a melting crucible and metal alloys for use as crucibles for melting materials for the encapsulation of waste materials, particularly, though not exclusively, radioactive waste encapsulated by a known method. under the term vitrification, where the waste is mixed with
des matériaux formant du verre, sous fusion. glass forming materials, melting.
Le procédé appelé vitrification pour l'encapsulation de matériaux radioactifs de haut niveau (HLW) en particulier implique le fait de mélanger le matériau déchet avec du matériau formant du verre et on soumet le matériau formant du verre, à fusion dans un creuset afin de dissoudre le déchet en son sein. Le déchet résulte principalement de la dissolution d'assemblage de combustibles irradiés qui contiennent en plus du combustible uranium et des produits de fission en soi, de larges quantités de fer, zirconium, et chrome provenant des conteneurs de combustibles, principalement un alliage Zircaloy (marque déposée), et de dispositifs en acier inoxydable d'assemblage de combustibles. Le déchet est principalement sous la forme d'oxydes formés par la calcination de nitrates résultant du processus de dissolution (celui appelé <" PUREX ", The process known as vitrification for the encapsulation of high level radioactive materials (HLW) in particular involves mixing the waste material with glass forming material and subjecting the glass melt-forming material in a crucible to dissolve waste in it. The waste results mainly from the assembly dissolution of irradiated fuels which contain in addition to the uranium fuel and fission products per se, large amounts of iron, zirconium, and chromium from the fuel containers, mainly a Zircaloy alloy (brand filed), and stainless steel fuel assembly devices. The waste is mainly in the form of oxides formed by the calcination of nitrates resulting from the dissolution process (the so-called "PUREX",
par exemple).for example).
La température à laquelle le verre et le déchet sont traités est supérieure à 1050 C, le matériau fondu formant un milieu corrosif agressif par rapport au matériau du creuset. L'alliage couramment utilisé pour la réalisation de creusets est connu sous le terme Inconel 601 (marque déposée) (UNS N6601) qui comporte en pourcentage en poids: 23Cr; 60Ni; 1,3AI; The temperature at which the glass and the waste are treated is greater than 1050 C, the molten material forming a corrosive medium that is aggressive with respect to the crucible material. The alloy commonly used for producing crucibles is known under the name Inconel 601 (registered trademark) (UNS N6601) which comprises in percentage by weight: 23 Cr; 60 Ni; 1,3AI;
<0,5Co; 0,01Si; <0,1C; <1,0Mn; <1,0W; <1,OCu; le reste étant du fer. <0,5Co; 0,01Si; <0.1C; <1,0Mn; <1.0W; <1 OCu; the rest being iron.
Chaque creuset produit environ 25 kg de déchets par heure et a une durée de vie de 4000 heures consistant en 500 versements sur la base d'un cycle de huit heures avant d'avoir à être remplacé. Cet alliage souffre Each crucible produces about 25 kg of waste per hour and has a life of 4000 hours consisting of 500 installments on the basis of an eight-hour cycle before having to be replaced. This alloy suffers
de réduction de chrome dans la région de surface, dans l'alliage au- of chromium reduction in the surface region, in the alloy
dessus du niveau de verre fondu, c'est-à-dire dans l'air, et également dans l'alliage sous le niveau de verre, c'est-à-dire de lessivage du chrome par le verre fondu. Du fait de la nature du matériau en cours de traitement, la proximité d'opérateurs et la manipulation directe de creusets utilisés et devant être remplacés, sont exclues. En conséquence, le remplacement d'un creuset est un processus difficile et consommateur de temps, du fait io qu'il doit être réalisé par un équipement de manipulation à distance. En conséquence, le creuset utilisé lui-même constitue également un déchet actif qui s'ajoute aux déchets qui doivent être traités par traitement et stockage. Ainsi, toute mesure qui augmente la durée de vie du creuset de fusion pourra procurer des avantages économiques et écologiques above the level of molten glass, that is to say in the air, and also in the alloy below the glass level, that is to say the leaching of chromium by the molten glass. Due to the nature of the material being treated, the proximity of operators and the direct handling of crucibles used and to be replaced are excluded. Accordingly, replacing a crucible is a difficult and time consuming process, because it must be performed by remote handling equipment. Accordingly, the crucible itself is also an active waste that is added to the waste that must be treated by treatment and storage. Thus, any measure that increases the life of the melting crucible may provide economic and ecological benefits
intéressants.interesting.
C'est un objet de la présente invention de proposer un creuset avec un alliage présentant une longue durée de vie pour le traitement de déchets It is an object of the present invention to provide a crucible with an alloy having a long service life for the treatment of waste
HLW, comparé aux alliages connus de creuset. HLW, compared to known crucible alloys.
Selon un premier aspect de la présente invention, on propose un creuset de fusion, présentant une composition comprenant en pourcentage en According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a melting crucible having a composition comprising as a percentage of
poids: 24-32 Cr; 8-11 Fe; 0,15-0,25 C; 1,8-2,4 AI; 0,1-0,2 Ti; 0,05- weight: 24-32 Cr; 8-11 Fe; 0.15-0.25 C; 1.8-2.4 AI; 0.1-0.2 Ti; 0,05-
0,12 Y; 0,01-0,10 Zr; 0,1 max. Mn; 0,5 max. Si; 0,1 max. Cu; le reste 0.12 Y; 0.01-0.10 Zr; 0.1 max. mn; 0.5 max. Yes; 0.1 max. Cu; the rest
étant du Ni, à part des impuretés accidentelles. being Ni, apart from accidental impurities.
Selon un second aspect de la présente invention, on propose un creuset de fusion d'un alliage comportant une composition en poids en pourcentage: 24-32 Cr; 8-11 Fe; 0,15-0,25 C; 1,8-2,4 AI; 0,1-0,2 Ti; 0,05-0,12 Y; 0,010,10 Zr; 0,1 max. Mn; 0,5 max. Si; 0,1 max. Cu; le According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a melting crucible of an alloy having a composition by weight in percent: 24-32 Cr; 8-11 Fe; 0.15-0.25 C; 1.8-2.4 AI; 0.1-0.2 Ti; 0.05-0.12 Y; 0.010, 10 R; 0.1 max. mn; 0.5 max. Yes; 0.1 max. Cu; the
reste étant du Ni, à part des impuretés accidentelles. the remainder being Ni, apart from accidental impurities.
De préférence, la teneur en chrome est dans la gamme de 26 à 32 % en poids. L'opération de fusion pour l'encapsulation de HLW est généralement réalisée par fusion par induction sous atmosphère d'air, le creuset étant chauffé par induction et la charge de déchets étant chauffée par radiation io et conduction depuis la paroi du creuset. La plupart des alliages utilisés pour des applications résistants à l'oxydation à haute température, dépendent de la formation d'un film oxyde continu et stable sur leur surface, les films oxydes généralement comprenant du trioxyde de chrome (Cr203) et/ou alumine (AI203). L'alumine est généralement l'oxyde Preferably, the chromium content is in the range of 26 to 32% by weight. The melting operation for the encapsulation of HLW is generally carried out by induction melting under an air atmosphere, the crucible being heated by induction and the waste charge being heated by radiation and conduction from the wall of the crucible. Most alloys used for high temperature oxidation resistant applications, depend on the formation of a continuous and stable oxide film on their surface, the oxide films generally comprising chromium trioxide (Cr 2 O 3) and / or alumina ( AI203). Alumina is usually the oxide
le plus stable à des températures au-dessus de 1050 C. the most stable at temperatures above 1050 C.
Durant le processus de vitrification de HLW, les matériaux formant du verre sont choisis spécifiquement pour leur aptitude à dissoudre une grande variété d'oxydes incluant l'alumine et le trioxyde de chrome qui sont contenus dans le déchet calciné avant le mélange avec les matériaux formant le verre. L'alumine résulte principalement d'aluminium ajouté en tant qu'additif métallurgique au dénommé " Magnox " ou le combustible métal uranium. L'alumine se dissout très facilement dans le verre tandis que le trioxyde de chrome se dissout plus lentement. Le matériau de creuset de l'art antérieur, Alliage 601 (Alloy 601), est un gabarit de trioxyde de chrome, lequel type d'alliages incidemment, n'est pas normalement utilisé pour des applications de traitement du verre, du fait que le trioxyde de chrome rend le verre vert; cependant, du fait que le déchet lui-même contient du trioxyde de chrome, ceci n'a pas During the vitrification process of HLW, glass forming materials are specifically selected for their ability to dissolve a wide variety of oxides including alumina and chromium trioxide which are contained in calcined waste prior to mixing with the forming materials. glass. Alumina results mainly from aluminum added as a metallurgical additive to the so-called "Magnox" or uranium metal fuel. Alumina dissolves very easily in the glass while the chromium trioxide dissolves more slowly. The prior art crucible material, Alloy 601 (Alloy 601), is a chrome trioxide template, which type of alloys incidentally, is not normally used for glass processing applications, because the chromium trioxide makes the glass green; however, since the waste itself contains chromium trioxide, this does not
d'importance.important.
L'alliage destiné à être utilisé dans le creuset selon la présente invention présente des similitudes en terme de composition par rapport à Inconel 601 mais contient plus d'aluminium et en outre présente une addition de yttrium pour améliorer la résistance à l'oxydation du fait de la formation d'un film alumine stable et continu, par rapport au film de trioxyde de chrome de Inconel 601. L'alliage contient également plus de chrome et de carbone, pour réaliser une dispersion de précipitats de carbure de chrome au travers de la microstructure et qui produit une amélioration significative 0o en ce qui concerne la résistance mécanique à haute température et la résistance au fluage Inconel 601 ne contient pas de seconde phase pour améliorer les propriétés mécaniques à haute température. Le test d'alliage utilisé pour le creuset selon la présente invention indique une durée de vie de l'ordre de 6000 heures, c'est-àdire une augmentation de 50% de la The alloy for use in the crucible according to the present invention has similarities in composition with respect to Inconel 601 but contains more aluminum and additionally has an addition of yttrium to improve the oxidation resistance of the invention. the formation of a stable and continuous alumina film, with respect to the chromium trioxide film of Inconel 601. The alloy also contains more chromium and carbon, to achieve a dispersion of chromium carbide precipitates through the microstructure and which produces a significant improvement 0o regarding the high temperature strength and creep resistance Inconel 601 does not contain a second phase to improve the mechanical properties at high temperature. The alloy test used for the crucible according to the present invention indicates a lifetime of the order of 6000 hours, that is to say a 50% increase in the
s5 durée de vie.s5 service life.
Ainsi, du fait que l'alliage pour le creuset de la présente invention est un gabarit alumine, il est surprenant que la durée de vie et les propriétés sont grandement améliorées par rapport à l'alliage de l'art antérieur. On a trouvé que, en cours d'utilisation, au-dessus du niveau de surface de verre fondu, de l'alumine se forme comme on s'y attend, et procure une résistance à l'oxydation dans l'atmosphère d'air située audessus du niveau de verre, tandis que sous le niveau de surface de verre, du trioxyde de chrome se forme, la dispersion de carbure de chrome de manière efficace réalisant un réservoir de chrome. Ainsi, de manière surprenante, l'alliage de creuset selon la présente invention réalise à la fois une résistance à l'oxydation supérieure au-dessus du niveau de verre dans l'air et une résistance à la corrosion supérieure au-dessous du verre, tandis qu'il procure des propriétés mécaniques à haute température améliorées, dans les deux zones, ce qui permet un plus haut degré d'oxydation / corrosion acceptable, avant que le creuset doit être remplacé. Afin que la présentation soit mieux comprise, un exemple est maintenant s donné en référence aux dessins accompagnant qui montrent une section Thus, because the crucible alloy of the present invention is an alumina template, it is surprising that the service life and properties are greatly improved over the alloy of the prior art. It has been found that, in use, above the surface level of molten glass, alumina is formed as expected, and provides resistance to oxidation in the air atmosphere. located above the glass level, while below the glass surface level, chromium trioxide is formed, effectively distributing chromium carbide producing a chromium reservoir. Thus, surprisingly, the crucible alloy according to the present invention achieves both superior oxidation resistance above the glass level in the air and superior corrosion resistance below the glass, while providing improved high temperature mechanical properties in both zones, allowing a higher acceptable degree of oxidation / corrosion, before the crucible needs to be replaced. In order for the presentation to be better understood, an example is now given with reference to the accompanying drawings which show a section
schématique en coupe au travers d'un creuset selon la présente invention. schematic section through a crucible according to the present invention.
Le dessin montre le creuset 10 d'une installation de fusion de déchet. La partie 12 de fusion principale du creuset est entourée par des moyens 14 io de chauffage à induction et une partie inférieure 16 cylindrique en forme The drawing shows the crucible 10 of a waste melting facility. The main melting portion 12 of the crucible is surrounded by induction heating means 14 and a cylindrical shaped lower portion 16.
de cou présente autour des moyens de chauffage à induction 18, séparés. neck around the induction heating means 18, separated.
Le déchet, depuis un dispositif de calcination (non représenté), est acheminé dans le creuset indiqué par la flèche 20 sous forme de frittes formant du verre, connu sous le terme " petite craquelure " dans lI'industrie, indiqué par la flèche 22. Le mélange est fondu dans la partie principale 12 du creuset. Une prise 26 de matériau vitrifié solide est laissée dans la partie cylindrique 16 à partir d'une fusion précédente. Une fois que la charge 24 est complètement fondue et à la température adéquate, la prise 26 est fondue et la charge 24 fondue est versée dans The waste, from a calciner (not shown), is conveyed into the crucible indicated by the arrow 20 in the form of glass-forming frits, known as "small cracking" in the industry, indicated by the arrow 22. The mixture is melted in the main part 12 of the crucible. A plug 26 of solid vitrified material is left in the cylindrical portion 16 from a previous melting. Once the charge 24 is completely melted and at the proper temperature, the plug 26 is melted and the molten charge is poured into
un conteneur 30 en acier inoxydable pour un stockage à long terme. a stainless steel container 30 for long-term storage.
Dans le dessin, le creuset 10 est réalisé à partir d'un alliage présentant une composition en pourcentage en poids: 25Cr; 10Fe; 2,1AI; 0, 2C; In the drawing, the crucible 10 is made from an alloy having a composition in percent by weight: 25 Cr; 10Fe; 2,1AI; 0, 2C;
0,1-0,2Ti; 0,05-0,12Y; 0,01-0,1Zr; <0,5Si; <0,1Mn; le reste étant du Ni. 0,1-0,2Ti; 0,05-0,12Y; 0,01-0,1Zr; <0,5Si; <0,1Mn; the rest being Ni.
Au-dessus du niveau 28 de la surface fondue (et sur l'extérieur du creuset), le film d'oxyde (non représenté) sur la surface du creuset est de manière prédominante de l'alumine, tandis que le film oxyde sur la surface du creuset au-dessous de la surface 28 est de manière prédominante du trioxyde de chrome; I'alumine au-dessus du niveau de verre n'est pas réduit et le trioxyde de chrome sous le niveau de verre est également Above the level 28 of the melted surface (and on the outside of the crucible), the oxide film (not shown) on the surface of the crucible is predominantly alumina, while the film oxidizes on the surface of the crucible below the surface 28 is predominantly chromium trioxide; The alumina above the glass level is not reduced and the chromium trioxide under the glass level is also
sensiblement non réduit pour plus de temps, comparé à Inconel 601. substantially unreduced for more time, compared to Inconel 601.
Ainsi, le creuset réalisé à partir de et utilisant l'alliage de métal selon la présente invention procure un avantage important et surprenant par Thus, the crucible made from and using the metal alloy according to the present invention provides a significant and surprising advantage by
rapport à des creusets réalisés à partir des alliages connus. compared to crucibles made from known alloys.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0010861A GB2361933A (en) | 2000-05-06 | 2000-05-06 | Melting crucible made from a nickel-based alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2808537A1 true FR2808537A1 (en) | 2001-11-09 |
Family
ID=9891020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0105791A Pending FR2808537A1 (en) | 2000-05-06 | 2001-04-30 | FUSION CUP |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20020004017A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002020827A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2808537A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2361933A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10302989B4 (en) * | 2003-01-25 | 2005-03-03 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh & Co. Kg | Use of a heat and corrosion resistant nickel-chromium steel alloy |
| US6993061B2 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2006-01-31 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Operating an induction melter apparatus |
| US8809751B2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2014-08-19 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Modular heater system |
| JP5897958B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2016-04-06 | 北陸電力株式会社 | Waste asbestos melting crucible |
| CA3008918A1 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-22 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Improved modular heater systems |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0338574A1 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-10-25 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Nickel based alloys resistant to sulphidation and oxidation |
| EP0549286A1 (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-06-30 | Inco Alloys Limited | High temperature resistant Ni-Cr alloy |
| EP0611938A1 (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-24 | Robert Thomas Metall- und Elektrowerke | Kiln firing support for ceramic articles |
| US5755897A (en) * | 1995-07-04 | 1998-05-26 | Krupp Vdm Gmbh | Forgeable nickel alloy |
| US5980821A (en) * | 1991-04-11 | 1999-11-09 | Krupp-Vdm Gmbh | Austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloy |
-
2000
- 2000-05-06 GB GB0010861A patent/GB2361933A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-04-30 FR FR0105791A patent/FR2808537A1/en active Pending
- 2001-05-02 JP JP2001134940A patent/JP2002020827A/en active Pending
- 2001-05-02 US US09/847,510 patent/US20020004017A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0338574A1 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-10-25 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Nickel based alloys resistant to sulphidation and oxidation |
| US5980821A (en) * | 1991-04-11 | 1999-11-09 | Krupp-Vdm Gmbh | Austenitic nickel-chromium-iron alloy |
| EP0549286A1 (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1993-06-30 | Inco Alloys Limited | High temperature resistant Ni-Cr alloy |
| EP0611938A1 (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-24 | Robert Thomas Metall- und Elektrowerke | Kiln firing support for ceramic articles |
| US5755897A (en) * | 1995-07-04 | 1998-05-26 | Krupp Vdm Gmbh | Forgeable nickel alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| AGARWAL D.C, BRILL U.: "HIGH-TEMPERATURE-STRENGTH S NICKEL ALLOY", ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES, vol. 158, no. 4, October 2000 (2000-10-01), pages 31 - 34, XP002234852 * |
| BRILL U.: "WERKSTOFFE FÜR DEN EINSATZ UNTER HOCHTEMPERATUR- UND KORROSIONSBEDIGUNGEN", METALL, vol. 49, no. 10, June 1995 (1995-06-01), pages 655 - 661, XP008014852 * |
| BRILL ULRICH: "EIGENSCHAFTEN UND EINSATZGEBIETE DER NEUEN WARMFASTEN LEGIERUNG NICROFER 6025 HT", STAHL, vol. 3, 1994, pages 32 - 35, XP008014860 * |
| KONYS J, FODI S, ET AL: "CORROSION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS IN CHLORIDE-CONTAINING SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION SYSTEMS", CORROSION, vol. 55, no. 1, January 1999 (1999-01-01), pages 45 - 51, XP008014850 * |
| SPIEGEL M: "SALT MELT INDUCED CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIALS IN WASTE INCINERATION PLANTS", MATERIALS AND CORROSION, vol. 50, 1999, pages 373 - 393, XP001148454 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0010861D0 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
| GB2361933A (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| JP2002020827A (en) | 2002-01-23 |
| US20020004017A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
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