FR2781394A1 - Matrix production method for confining waste, notably waste containing toxic heavy metals - Google Patents
Matrix production method for confining waste, notably waste containing toxic heavy metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2781394A1 FR2781394A1 FR9809566A FR9809566A FR2781394A1 FR 2781394 A1 FR2781394 A1 FR 2781394A1 FR 9809566 A FR9809566 A FR 9809566A FR 9809566 A FR9809566 A FR 9809566A FR 2781394 A1 FR2781394 A1 FR 2781394A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- mortar
- waste
- compression
- heavy metals
- resistances
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
- C04B40/0259—Hardening promoted by a rise in pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
- B28B3/06—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould with two or more ram and mould sets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
- B28B7/46—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
l La présente invention concerne un procédé de confinement de déchetsl The present invention relates to a waste containment process
urbains ou industriels, notamment de déchets contenant des métaux lourds. Elle concerne également urban or industrial, in particular of waste containing heavy metals. It also concerns
une matière de confinement de ce type de déchets. containment material for this type of waste.
z On sait que certains résidus industriels contiennent des produits toxiques lixiviables, et notamment des métaux lourds, en teneurs telles qu'ils sont impropres à un recyclage et que, en conséquence, ils doivent impérativement z It is known that certain industrial residues contain toxic leachable products, and in particular heavy metals, in levels such that they are unsuitable for recycling and that, consequently, they must imperatively
faire l'objet d'un stockage.be stored.
On a proposé dans l'état antérieur de la technique différentes méthodes de stockage permettant de piéger une partie de ces métaux lourds afin de diminuer la quantité de ceux-ci susceptible d'être libérée au cours d'une lixiviation. La présente invention a pour but de proposer une méthode de ce type qui présente l'avantage d'être d'une mise Various storage methods have been proposed in the prior art which make it possible to trap a portion of these heavy metals in order to reduce the quantity of these likely to be released during leaching. The object of the present invention is to propose a method of this type which has the advantage of being an
en oeuvre facile et d'un faible coût. easy to implement and low cost.
La présente invention a ainsi pour objet un procédé de confinement de déchets en vue de leur stockage, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes consistant à: - constituer un mortier en mélangeant les déchets à un liant du type susceptible d'être la source d'une réaction de dissolution précipitation conduisant à un durcissement, - effectuer la coulée de ce mortier, - soumettre ce dernier, entre la fin de sa coulée et l'instant de développement des résistances dans celui-ci, à The present invention thus relates to a process for confining waste for storage, characterized in that it comprises the steps consisting in: - constituting a mortar by mixing the waste with a binder of the type likely to be the source of a precipitation dissolution reaction leading to hardening, - pouring this mortar, - subjecting it, between the end of its casting and the instant of development of the resistances in it, to
une compression.compression.
Afin d'améliorer l'efficacité du procédé suivant l'invention on éliminera, au moins en partie, au cours de l'étape de compression, l'eau resuée par le mortier. Par ailleurs la valeur de la compression à laquelle on soumet le mortier sera de préférence égale à celle correspondant à la résistance à la compression de ce matériau à l'instant du développement des résistances dans celui-ci. Dans la plupart In order to improve the efficiency of the process according to the invention, the water collected by the mortar will be eliminated, at least in part, during the compression step. Furthermore, the value of the compression to which the mortar is subjected will preferably be equal to that corresponding to the compressive strength of this material at the time of the development of the resistances therein. Most of them
des cas cette compression sera de l'ordre de 4 MPa. cases this compression will be of the order of 4 MPa.
Il a été établi qu'en soumettant à contrainte un mortier, dans des conditions définies suivant l'invention, on améliorait la compacité de celui-ci, c'est-à-dire que l'on diminuait son volume poreux dans des proportions importantes. Il a été établi de plus que le procédé suivant l'invention avait pour effet d'éliminer la mésofissuration et la macrofissuration, c'est-à-dire l'établissement de It has been established that by subjecting a mortar to stress, under conditions defined according to the invention, its compactness is improved, that is to say that its pore volume is reduced in significant proportions . It has also been established that the process according to the invention has the effect of eliminating mesofissuring and macrofissuring, that is to say the establishment of
trajets capillaires au sein du matériau. capillary paths within the material.
On comprend que, dans ces conditions, on réduit de façon très notable les phénomènes de circulation des We understand that, under these conditions, we very significantly reduce the phenomena of circulation of
liquides dans les mortiers.liquids in mortars.
La présente invention a également pour objet une matrice de confinement destinée notamment au stockage de déchets, et particulièrement de déchets contenant des métaux lourds, constituée d'un mortier obtenu en mélangeant les déchets à un liant du type susceptible d'être la source d'une réaction de dissolution précipitation conduisant à un durcissement, caractérisée en ce que ce mortier a été soumis à une compression, entre la fin de sa coulée et l'instant de The present invention also relates to a containment matrix intended in particular for the storage of waste, and particularly of waste containing heavy metals, consisting of a mortar obtained by mixing the waste with a binder of the type likely to be the source of a reaction of dissolution precipitation leading to a hardening, characterized in that this mortar was subjected to a compression, between the end of its pouring and the moment of
développement des résistances dans celui-ci. development of resistances in it.
La présente invention se révèle tout particulièrement intéressante pour assurer le confinement de The present invention proves to be particularly advantageous for ensuring the containment of
déchets contenant des métaux lourds. wastes containing heavy metals.
On décrira ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme d'exécution de la présente invention, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels: La figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale schématique d'un exemple d'un dispositif de compression expérimental permettant de tester et mettre en oeuvre le An embodiment of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical section view of an example of a device of experimental compression to test and implement the
procédé suivant l'invention.process according to the invention.
La figure 2 est une vue en perspective du dispositif Figure 2 is a perspective view of the device
de compression représenté sur la figure 1. shown in Figure 1.
La figure 3 est une courbe représentant la variation de l'absorption capillaire en fonction du temps de durcissement d'un mortier obtenu de façon classique et d'un FIG. 3 is a curve representing the variation of the capillary absorption as a function of the curing time of a mortar obtained in a conventional manner and of a
mortier obtenu suivant l'invention.mortar obtained according to the invention.
On décrira tout d'abord un dispositif de type expérimental qui permet de mettre en évidence les résultats obtenus suivant l'invention. Ce dispositif permet de constituer des éprouvettes de mortier de forme parallélépipédique. Ce dispositif comprend un moule 1, de type normalisé, qui est formé d'une plaque de base 3 sur laquelle sont fixées deux plaques extrêmes transversales 5, maintenues sur celles-ci par boulonnage, entre lesquelles sont disposées et maintenues quatre plaques longitudinales 7 qui définissent ainsi trois logements. Chacun de ces logements est fermé par un couvercle 8 qui s'encastre entre We will first describe an experimental type device which allows to highlight the results obtained according to the invention. This device makes it possible to form mortar specimens of parallelepiped shape. This device comprises a mold 1, of standard type, which is formed of a base plate 3 on which are fixed two transverse end plates 5, held on these by bolting, between which are arranged and maintained four longitudinal plates 7 which thus define three dwellings. Each of these housings is closed by a cover 8 which fits between
les parois transversales 5 et les plaques longitudinales 7. the transverse walls 5 and the longitudinal plates 7.
On dispose dans le fond du logement ainsi que sous les couvercles 8, des plaques poreuses 9 qui sont destinées à absorber l'eau resuée par le matériau lors de la compression, ainsi que mentionné ci-après. On pourrait également bien entendu suivant l'invention prévoir d'autres moyens permettant d'absorber cette eau resuée, ainsi que des moyens permettant à celle-ci de s'éliminer d'elle-même du moule par le biais notamment de divers orifices prévus à cet effet. On dispose cet ensemble dans une machine, non représentée sur le dessin, apte à exercer sur chaque couvercle 8 une force de compression verticale F. Suivant la présente invention, on comprime le matériau moulé depuis le début de la coulée de celui-ci jusqu'à l'instant o débute le développement des résistances There are at the bottom of the housing as well as under the covers 8, porous plates 9 which are intended to absorb the water collected by the material during compression, as mentioned below. It would also of course be possible according to the invention to provide other means for absorbing this sewage water, as well as means allowing it to be eliminated from the mold by itself, in particular through various orifices provided for this purpose. This assembly is placed in a machine, not shown in the drawing, capable of exerting on each cover 8 a vertical compressive force F. According to the present invention, the molded material is compressed from the start of the casting thereof up to at the moment when the development of resistances begins
dans ce matériau.in this material.
On a tout d'abord réalisé un premier lot d'éprouvettes constituées d'un mortier normalisé obtenu à We first produced a first batch of test pieces made of a standardized mortar obtained at
partir d'un ciment normalisé.from standardized cement.
On a ensuite réalisé un second lot d'éprouvettes, constituées d'un mortier de composition identique, que l'on We then produced a second batch of test pieces, made of a mortar of identical composition, which we
a préparé ainsi que décrit précédemment. prepared as described above.
On a représenté dans le tableau I reproduit ci-après le volume poreux global de chacun de ces deux mortiers à The overall pore volume of each of these two mortars has been shown in Table I reproduced below.
différents temps de durcissement.different curing times.
On constate que la porosité globale du mortier obtenu sous contrainte est très inférieure à celle du même It can be seen that the overall porosity of the mortar obtained under stress is much lower than that of the same
mortier obtenu de façon classique.mortar obtained conventionally.
ll
TABLEAU ITABLE I
Temps Volume poreux en mm3/g mortier normal mortier préparé sous contrainte 24 heures 92,63 54,94 heures 90,09 54,69 7 jours 69,40 39,78 28 jours 24,16 18,55 jours 23,15 17,10 Cependant, en ce qui concerne l'intérêt de tels mortiers en tant que moyens de confinement, un facteur $ essentiel à prendre en considération est la valeur des macroporosités qu'ils comportent puisque l'on sait que ce sont ces dernières qui constituent les chemins traversant le mortier qui autorisent le passage des liquides au travers de celui-ci. Une étude microscopique comparée menée sur la répartition des pores à l'intérieur des éprouvettes des premier et second lots de mortier a permis d'établir que les mortiers obtenus sous contrainte présentaient une Time Pore volume in mm3 / g normal mortar mortar prepared under stress 24 hours 92.63 54.94 hours 90.09 54.69 7 days 69.40 39.78 28 days 24.16 18.55 days 23.15 17, 10 However, with regard to the interest of such mortars as means of containment, an essential factor $ to take into account is the value of the macroporosities which they comprise since it is known that it is the latter which constitute the paths crossing the mortar which allow the passage of liquids through it. A comparative microscopic study carried out on the distribution of pores inside the test pieces of the first and second batches of mortar made it possible to establish that the mortars obtained under stress exhibited a
macroporosité fortement diminuée.macroporosity greatly reduced.
Cette étude microscopique a été confirmée par des essais portant sur l'absorption capillaire des deux lots This microscopic study was confirmed by tests relating to the capillary absorption of the two batches
d'échantillons de mortier.mortar samples.
Pour ce faire on a disposé des éprouvettes des deux lots de mortier dans un bac de sable fin de Fontainebleau humidifié que l'on a recouvert de manière à éviter toute évaporation d'eau. On a maintenu humide le lit de sable pendant toute la durée du test, c'est-à-dire pendant 168 heures. On a représenté sur la courbe de la figure 3 la variation de l'absorption capillaire en fonction du temps pendant lequel on a maintenu les éprouvettes dans le milieu de sable humidifié, d'une part pour les éprouvettes du premier lot (courbe a) et pour les éprouvettes du second lot (courbe b). On sait que l'absorption capillaire s'exprime par la formule: Xj=(Mj-Mo)/16 o - Mo est la masse en grammes de l'éprouvette avant essai - Mj est la masse de l'éprouvette après j heures To do this, test pieces of the two batches of mortar were placed in a humid sandblaster of Fontainebleau, which was covered so as to avoid any evaporation of water. The sand bed was kept wet for the duration of the test, that is, for 168 hours. The curve in FIG. 3 shows the variation in capillary absorption as a function of the time during which the test pieces were kept in the humid sand medium, on the one hand for the test pieces of the first batch (curve a) and for the test pieces of the second batch (curve b). We know that the capillary absorption is expressed by the formula: Xj = (Mj-Mo) / 16 o - Mo is the mass in grams of the test piece before test - Mj is the mass of the test piece after d hours
d'absorption capillaire.capillary absorption.
On constate que les quantité d'eau absorbées par les échantillons de mortier du second lot (échantillons préparés sous contrainte) sont en moyenne égales au tiers de celles absorbées par les échantillons de mortier du premier lot It can be seen that the quantity of water absorbed by the mortar samples from the second batch (samples prepared under stress) is on average equal to one third of those absorbed by the mortar samples from the first batch.
(échantillon de mortier de type classique). (classic type mortar sample).
Il a également été établi qu'en constituant un mortier dans lequel les déchets que l'on souhaite rendre inertes sont associés au ciment, en remplacement, au moins en partie, du sable, on diminuait de façon notable suivant l'invention la porosité et les macrofissures, et en conséquence la pénétration des solutions à l'intérieur du mortier. La présente invention permet ainsi de constituer des matrices de confinement beaucoup plus performantes que celles de l'état antérieur de la technique, permettant notamment de stabiliser, de rendre inerte et d'encapsuler la plupart des déchets, et notamment ceux contenant des métaux lourds toxiques de façon à éviter leur relargage au cours It has also been established that by constituting a mortar in which the waste which it is desired to render inert is associated with the cement, replacing, at least in part, the sand, the porosity and macrocracks, and consequently the penetration of solutions inside the mortar. The present invention thus makes it possible to constitute containment matrices much more efficient than those of the prior art, making it possible in particular to stabilize, render inert and encapsulate most of the waste, and in particular those containing toxic heavy metals. so as to avoid their release during
d'une lixiviation.leaching.
Bien que dans l'exemple de mise en oeuvre précédemment décrit le mortier soit constitué à partir d'un ciment, on pourrait bien entendu utiliser à la place de celui-ci tout autre liant susceptible d'être la source d'une réaction de dissolution précipitation conduisant à un durcissement. Although in the example of implementation described above the mortar is made from a cement, it could of course be used in place of it any other binder capable of being the source of a dissolution reaction precipitation leading to hardening.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9809566A FR2781394B1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 1998-07-27 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A WASTE CONTAINMENT MATRIX |
| PCT/FR1999/001845 WO2000006520A1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 1999-07-27 | Method for producing a waste containment matrix |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9809566A FR2781394B1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 1998-07-27 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A WASTE CONTAINMENT MATRIX |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2781394A1 true FR2781394A1 (en) | 2000-01-28 |
| FR2781394B1 FR2781394B1 (en) | 2001-09-28 |
Family
ID=9529041
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9809566A Expired - Fee Related FR2781394B1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 1998-07-27 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A WASTE CONTAINMENT MATRIX |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2781394B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000006520A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2060600A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-05-07 | Nikko Eng | Process for the treatment of soil and industrial waste solids |
| CH661719A5 (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1987-08-14 | Konstantin Sidiropoulos | Process for the manufacture of building components |
| WO1990015205A1 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-13 | Danielsen, Marit, Helene | Building element |
| FR2689120A1 (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-01 | Lefebvre Entr Jean | Stabilising incinerated household waste residue - by adding hydraulic binder to prevent release of toxic material during lixiviation |
| DE4240589A1 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-09 | Bayer Ag | Process for the mutual chemical treatment and solidification of inorganic waste |
| JPH07257955A (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-10-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | In-place lining process |
| DE19529714A1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1996-04-18 | Horst Weis | Mfg. lightweight building materials |
| US5645518A (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1997-07-08 | The University Of Chicago | Method for stabilizing low-level mixed wastes at room temperature |
-
1998
- 1998-07-27 FR FR9809566A patent/FR2781394B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-07-27 WO PCT/FR1999/001845 patent/WO2000006520A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2060600A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1981-05-07 | Nikko Eng | Process for the treatment of soil and industrial waste solids |
| CH661719A5 (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1987-08-14 | Konstantin Sidiropoulos | Process for the manufacture of building components |
| WO1990015205A1 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-13 | Danielsen, Marit, Helene | Building element |
| FR2689120A1 (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-01 | Lefebvre Entr Jean | Stabilising incinerated household waste residue - by adding hydraulic binder to prevent release of toxic material during lixiviation |
| DE4240589A1 (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-09 | Bayer Ag | Process for the mutual chemical treatment and solidification of inorganic waste |
| JPH07257955A (en) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-10-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | In-place lining process |
| US5645518A (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1997-07-08 | The University Of Chicago | Method for stabilizing low-level mixed wastes at room temperature |
| DE19529714A1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1996-04-18 | Horst Weis | Mfg. lightweight building materials |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 9549, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 95-379883, XP002099844 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000006520A1 (en) | 2000-02-10 |
| FR2781394B1 (en) | 2001-09-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1326586C (en) | Process and means for sand casting of light alloy matrix and fibrous insert composite elements | |
| FR2758988A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC BONE SUBSTITUTES OF PERFECTLY MASTERED POROUS ARCHITECTURE | |
| US9556073B2 (en) | Process for sintering silicon carbide | |
| FR2582553A1 (en) | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CASTING METAL | |
| CA1156456A (en) | Active filtration and treatment cartridge for molten metals and alloys | |
| CA2265231C (en) | Aluminum casting process for long-run production of aluminum alloy workpieces and related equipment | |
| US20150001766A1 (en) | Process for sintering silicon carbide | |
| FR2781394A1 (en) | Matrix production method for confining waste, notably waste containing toxic heavy metals | |
| EP2983884B1 (en) | Device for treating a solid composite material by solvolysis with a view to extracting fibres from the treated material | |
| EP2125661A2 (en) | Method for making a refractory ceramic material having a high solidus temperature | |
| EP0359683B1 (en) | Method for producing a neutron absorber pellet, pellet obtained and use | |
| JPH0626749B2 (en) | Pressurized lost foam casting method for metal articles | |
| EP2456537B1 (en) | Method for regenerating a solid iodine filter | |
| CH379376A (en) | Process for cutting pieces of rock and slabs into slabs obtained by this process | |
| JP2006205588A (en) | Concrete block and manufacturing method of concrete block | |
| EP0519798B1 (en) | Process for the making of high power explosive charge and device for implementing the process | |
| CA1141538A (en) | Molten metal and alloy filtration body with mechanical and physico chemical action | |
| FR2675063A1 (en) | Method for producing composite metallic components with metallic reinforcements | |
| LU83721A1 (en) | FUEL BRIQUETTE AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH BRIQUETTES | |
| FR2527376A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF RADIOACTIVE SOLID WASTE INCORPORATED IN A MATRIX AND SOLIDIFIED | |
| BE399931A (en) | ||
| FR3134335A1 (en) | Process for manufacturing a waterproof isotropic part by deposition of fused wire. | |
| FR3091663A1 (en) | Debinding process | |
| FR2668093A1 (en) | MOLDS FOR PRESSING FORMATION OF CERAMIC OR SIMILAR OBJECTS. | |
| FR2630102A1 (en) | Process and device for loading an ammunition with high-brisance explosive |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse |