FR2752024A1 - Support for shaft subject to onset of out of balance - Google Patents
Support for shaft subject to onset of out of balance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2752024A1 FR2752024A1 FR9609703A FR9609703A FR2752024A1 FR 2752024 A1 FR2752024 A1 FR 2752024A1 FR 9609703 A FR9609703 A FR 9609703A FR 9609703 A FR9609703 A FR 9609703A FR 2752024 A1 FR2752024 A1 FR 2752024A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- casing
- screws
- arrangement according
- shaft arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009365 direct transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
- F01D21/045—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
- F01D25/162—Bearing supports
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
- F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16P—SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
- F16P5/00—Emergency means for rendering ineffective a coupling conveying reciprocating movement if the motion of the driven part is prematurely resisted
- F16P5/005—Overload protection by energy absorbing components, e.g. breaker blocks, shear sections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
- F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
- F05B2260/3011—Retaining bolts or nuts of the frangible or shear type
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
SUPPORT D'ARBRE CASSANT A L'APPARITION D'UN BALOURD
DESCRIPTION
L'invention concerne un support d'arbre cassant à l'apparition d'un balourd.SHAFT SUPPORT BREAKING AT THE APPEARANCE OF A BALOURD
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a tree support that breaks when an unbalance occurs.
Elle peut trouver emploi, à titre d'exemple, dans des turboréacteurs et en particulier pour l'arbre de mise en rotation d'une soufflante. It can find use, for example, in turbojets and in particular for the shaft for rotating a blower.
Cette dernière pièce est destinée à accélérer l'air entrant dans une veine externe d'écoulement des gaz et qui rejoint la veine normale d'écoulement des gaz, occupée par les compresseurs, la chambre de combustion et, après cette dernière, les turbines, afin d'augmenter le taux de dilution des gaz. La veine externe est concentrique à la veine normale et l'entoure. Il résulte de cette construction que les aubes de la soufflante doivent etre suffisamment allongées pour s'étendre devant la veine externe, ce qui accroît beaucoup la masse et l'inertie de la soufflante. Si une des aubes se rompt, un balourd important est produit sur l'arbre de support de la soufflante, et donc des charges cycliques et des vibrations que les paliers de support de l'arbre de soufflante communiquent aux parties fixes de la machine avec d'importants risques de détérioration.This last part is intended to accelerate the air entering an external gas flow stream and which joins the normal gas flow stream, occupied by the compressors, the combustion chamber and, after this, the turbines, in order to increase the gas dilution rate. The external vein is concentric with and surrounds the normal vein. It follows from this construction that the blades of the fan must be sufficiently elongated to extend in front of the external vein, which greatly increases the mass and the inertia of the fan. If one of the blades breaks, a significant imbalance is produced on the fan support shaft, and therefore cyclic loads and vibrations that the support bearings of the fan shaft communicate to the fixed parts of the machine with d 'significant risks of deterioration.
On pourrait se prémunir contre ces dangers en renforçant la structure de la machine, mais cela n'est pas admissible car un des objectifs principaux des constructeurs est au contraire d'alléger cette structure. We could protect ourselves against these dangers by strengthening the structure of the machine, but this is not admissible because one of the main objectives of manufacturers is, on the contrary, to lighten this structure.
Une autre solution consiste à soutenir l'arbre exposé à transmettre les balourds par des liaisons suffisamment faibles pour qu'elles cassent dès qu'une charge anormale apparaît ; l'arbre et la pièce qu'il porte se détachent alors du reste de la machine et ralentissent peu à peu. Another solution consists in supporting the exposed tree to transmit the imbalances by weak enough bonds so that they break as soon as an abnormal load appears; the shaft and the part it carries then detach from the rest of the machine and slow down little by little.
Un exemple de support cassant de palier d'arbre est décrit dans le brevet n"5 417 501 des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, mais il implique la rupture par cisaillement ou par flexion de boulons de liaison du support à la structure fixe, par une transmission directe de l'effort radial provenant du balourd de 11 arbre, ce qui n'est pas entièrement satisfaisant puisque les contraintes effectivement transmises aux boulons cassants sont assez sensibles aux conditions réelles de montage et aux dimensions effectives des pièces de l'assemblage, ce qui se traduit par une incertitude relativement grande. L'invention est relative à un dispositif amélioré comprenant des éléments cassants et dont la qualité essentielle est une meilleure connaissance de l'effort nécessaire pour produire la rupture ; elle peut être mise en oeuvre de deux façons différentes mais étroitement apparentées, car la rupture des éléments cassants est toujours produite par une traction. An example of a brittle shaft bearing support is described in US Patent No. 5,417,501, but it involves breaking by shearing or bending of bolts connecting the support to the fixed structure, by a direct transmission of the radial force coming from the imbalance of the 11 shaft, which is not entirely satisfactory since the stresses actually transmitted to the brittle bolts are fairly sensitive to the actual mounting conditions and to the effective dimensions of the parts of the assembly, This results in a relatively large uncertainty. The invention relates to an improved device comprising brittle elements and the essential quality of which is a better knowledge of the force necessary to produce the rupture; it can be implemented in two ways different but closely related ways, because the breaking of brittle elements is always produced by a pull.
Dans les deux cas, l'invention concerne un agencement d'arbre tournant portant un équipement à son bout avant et s'étendant donc en arrière à partir de l'équipement ; l'arbre est soutenu par un premier palier en arrière de l'équipement, que porte une enveloppe entourant l'arbre et s'étendant en arrière du premier palier jusqu'à une structure de stator, à laquelle elle est unie. In both cases, the invention relates to a rotating shaft arrangement carrying equipment at its front end and therefore extending backwards from the equipment; the shaft is supported by a first bearing behind the equipment, which carries an envelope surrounding the shaft and extending behind the first bearing to a stator structure, to which it is united.
Dans la première conception de l'invention, l'enveloppe est bridée à la structure de stator par des vis parallèles à l'arbre, et ces vis comprennent entre leur tête et leur filetage une portion de section réduite servant d'amorce de rupture en traction ; alors que, dans l'autre conception, l'enveloppe présente une portion circulaire de section réduite près de la structure de stator pour servir d'amorce de déchirure. In the first design of the invention, the casing is clamped to the stator structure by screws parallel to the shaft, and these screws comprise between their head and their threads a portion of reduced section serving as a starting point for breaking traction; whereas, in the other design, the envelope has a circular portion of reduced section near the stator structure to serve as a tear initiator.
Dans la première conception, les forces produites par le balourd et transmises à travers l'enveloppe porteuse du palier permettent de rompre les vis, alors que dans la seconde c'est l'enveloppe ellemême qui se rompt sous l'effet de ces forces. Mais l'allongement de l'enveloppe dans la direction de l'axe de l'arbre permet toujours de convertir les forces radiales produites sur le palier par le balourd en forces axiales à l'extrémité opposée de l'enveloppe. Il s'agit donc bien de forces de traction exercées sur les vis et les portions adjacentes de l'enveloppe. In the first design, the forces produced by the unbalance and transmitted through the bearing envelope of the bearing allow the screws to be broken, while in the second it is the envelope itself which breaks under the effect of these forces. However, the elongation of the envelope in the direction of the axis of the shaft still makes it possible to convert the radial forces produced on the bearing by the unbalance into axial forces at the opposite end of the envelope. These are therefore tensile forces exerted on the screws and the adjacent portions of the envelope.
Ces notations deviendront plus claires à la lumière des figures suivantes, qui décrivent certaines réalisation de l'invention à titre d'exemple et permettent de découvrir d'autres aspects de celle-ci
la figure 1 est une vue d'une portion de
turboréacteur illustrant le lieu de l'invention,
e la figure 2 est une vue générale de l'invention,
les figures 3 et 4 illustrent une vis cassante,
la figure 5 illustre une autre vis cassante,
la figure 6 illustre une troisième vis cassante,
la figure 7 illustre un autre genre de
réalisations de l'invention,
les figures 8 et 9 représentent des moyens de
limitation du débattement de l'arbre libéré et
des dispositifs de récupération d'huile,
la figure 10 représente un mécanisme d'arrêt en
rotation de l'enveloppe,
et la figure 11 représente un autre mécanisme
d'arrêt en rotation de l'enveloppe.These notations will become clearer in the light of the following figures, which describe certain embodiments of the invention by way of example and make it possible to discover other aspects of it.
Figure 1 is a view of a portion of
turbojet engine illustrating the place of the invention,
FIG. 2 is a general view of the invention,
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a brittle screw,
FIG. 5 illustrates another brittle screw,
FIG. 6 illustrates a third brittle screw,
figure 7 illustrates another kind of
realizations of the invention,
Figures 8 and 9 show means of
limitation of the travel of the released shaft and
oil recovery devices,
Figure 10 shows a stop mechanism in
envelope rotation,
and figure 11 shows another mechanism
envelope rotation stop.
Considérons d'abord la figure 1, destinée à donner une idée de la situation de l'invention dans un turboréacteur, à l'avant d'une ligne d'arbres à basse pression 1, et plus précisément sur un arbre de soufflante 2 monté sur un palier avant 3 et un palier arrière 4. L'arbre de soufflante 2 porte à son bout avant 5, en porte à faux à l'avant du premier palier 3, une soufflante 6 munie d'aubes 7 qui s'étendent devant l'entrée de la veine interne 8 ou veine principale d'écoulement des gaz et de la veine externe 9 entourant la précédente et qu'emprunte l'air de dilution des gaz. Let us first consider Figure 1, intended to give an idea of the situation of the invention in a turbojet engine, at the front of a line of low pressure shafts 1, and more precisely on a fan shaft 2 mounted on a front bearing 3 and a rear bearing 4. The fan shaft 2 carries at its front end 5, cantilevered at the front of the first bearing 3, a fan 6 provided with blades 7 which extend in front the inlet of the internal vein 8 or main gas flow vein and of the external vein 9 surrounding the previous one and which the gas dilution air borrows.
On reconnaît un compresseur à basse pression 10 situé dans la veine interne 8 juste en arrière de la soufflante 6 et un compresseur à haute pression 11 engagé plus profondément dans la veine interne 8, ainsi que des conduits de lubrification 12 et 13, associés à des pompes non représentées, pour éjecter de l'huile devant les roulements des paliers 3 et 4 et maintenir ainsi leur fonctionnement. Ces éléments de machine déjà connus, n'étant pas modifiés avec 1 invention, ne sont donnés qu'à titre de rappel.We recognize a low pressure compressor 10 located in the internal vein 8 just behind the blower 6 and a high pressure compressor 11 engaged deeper in the internal vein 8, as well as lubrication conduits 12 and 13, associated with pumps not shown, to eject oil in front of the bearings of bearings 3 and 4 and thus maintain their operation. These machine elements already known, not being modified with 1 invention, are given only as a reminder.
On voit mieux à la figure 2 que les paliers 3 et 4 de l'arbre de soufflante 2 sont soutenus par des pièces de support reliées à une structure de stator 14. It is better to see in FIG. 2 that the bearings 3 and 4 of the fan shaft 2 are supported by support parts connected to a stator structure 14.
Plus précisément, la pièce de support du palier avant 3 présente un grand allongement axial entre le palier avant 3 et l'endroit de liaison au stator 14 et possède ainsi une forme presque cylindrique : on l'appellera une enveloppe 15 puisqu'elle entoure l'arbre de soufflante 2. La pièce de support 16 du palier arrière 4 a une conicité beaucoup plus prononcée et sa forme se rapproche d'un disque évidé en son centre.More specifically, the support part of the front bearing 3 has a large axial elongation between the front bearing 3 and the place of connection to the stator 14 and thus has an almost cylindrical shape: it will be called an envelope 15 since it surrounds the 'fan shaft 2. The support part 16 of the rear bearing 4 has a much more pronounced taper and its shape approaches a disc hollowed out at its center.
L'enveloppe 15 et le support 16 sont unis au stator 14 par des vis, respectivement 17 et 18, de bridage, et si les vis 18 sont usuelles, les vis 17 sont une partie essentielle de l'invention, comme on l'aperçoit mieux à la figure 3. The casing 15 and the support 16 are united to the stator 14 by screws, respectively 17 and 18, for clamping, and if the screws 18 are usual, the screws 17 are an essential part of the invention, as can be seen better in figure 3.
Leur filetage 19 est engagé dans un taraudage du stator 14 et leur tête 20 s'appuie sur une surface libre 21 d'une bride 22 à l'extrémité de l'enveloppe 15. Elles comprennent une partie lisse 23 entre le filetage 19 et la tête 20, et cette partie lisse 23 comprend une partie affaiblie 24, à section réduite, située dans le perçage 25 de la bride 22 que traverse la vis 17. Cette figure 3 permet de comprendre facilement, en liaison aux précédentes, que si une des aubes 7 se détache de la soufflante 6, l'effort radial cyclique transmis à l'arbre de soufflante 2 et au palier avant 3 sera converti en effort axial cyclique sur les vis 17, qui seront rompues par traction à la partie affaiblie 24 quand cet effort deviendra suffisant. Les vis 17 seront normalement rompues les unes après les autres en une seule révolution de l'arbre de soufflante 2, d'autant plus facilement que leur résistance d'ensemble décroîtra sans cesse à mesure des ruptures déjà produites. L'enveloppe 15 sera alors détachée du stator 14 et ne lui transmettra plus d'efforts. Their thread 19 is engaged in a tapping of the stator 14 and their head 20 rests on a free surface 21 of a flange 22 at the end of the casing 15. They include a smooth part 23 between the thread 19 and the head 20, and this smooth part 23 comprises a weakened part 24, of reduced section, located in the bore 25 of the flange 22 through which the screw 17 passes. This FIG. 3 makes it easy to understand, in connection with the preceding ones, that if one of the blades 7 detaches from the fan 6, the cyclic radial force transmitted to the fan shaft 2 and to the front bearing 3 will be converted into cyclic axial force on the screws 17, which will be broken by traction at the weakened part 24 when this effort will become sufficient. The screws 17 will normally be broken one after the other in a single revolution of the fan shaft 2, all the more easily as their overall resistance will decrease continuously as the ruptures already produced. The envelope 15 will then be detached from the stator 14 and will no longer transmit forces to it.
Il est cependant nécessaire d'aborder un autre aspect de l'invention en revenant pour l'instant aux figures 1 et 2. Dans la situation de rupture de l'enveloppe 15, le palier avant 3 est devenu impuissant à soutenir la soufflante 6 et l'arbre de soufflante 2 n ' est alors plus soutenu que par le palier arrière 4, qui se met à transmettre à son tour les efforts. It is however necessary to approach another aspect of the invention while returning for the moment to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the situation of rupture of the casing 15, the front bearing 3 has become powerless to support the blower 6 and the fan shaft 2 is then no longer supported except by the rear bearing 4, which in turn begins to transmit the forces.
C'est pourquoi on préférera en général faire cesser ce soutien et détacher aussi le palier arrière 4 du stator 14. On pourra alors adopter la solution de la figure 4, dans laquelle le support, maintenant référencé par 27, du palier arrière 4 n'est pas bridé directement au stator 14 par les vis 18, mais à une bride 28 de l'enveloppe 15 proche de la bride 22 de réception des vis 17. Quand ces dernières sont cassées, le support 27 accompagne l'enveloppe 15. This is why we generally prefer to stop this support and also detach the rear bearing 4 from the stator 14. We can then adopt the solution of Figure 4, in which the support, now referenced by 27, of the rear bearing 4 n ' is not flanged directly to the stator 14 by the screws 18, but to a flange 28 of the casing 15 close to the flange 22 for receiving the screws 17. When the latter are broken, the support 27 accompanies the casing 15.
L'extrémité avant de la ligne d'arbres à basse pression 1, devenue flottante, pourra osciller assez fortement en direction radiale et éventuellement frotter sur la ligne d'arbres à haute pression 2 qui lui est coaxiale et tourne à une vitesse bien différente. Les lignes d'arbres 1 et 2 peuvent être endommagées. Ce risque explique que la possibilité de laisser le palier arrière 4 rattaché au stator 14 puisse malgré tout être retenue. The front end of the line of low pressure shafts 1, which has become floating, will be able to oscillate fairly strongly in the radial direction and possibly rub on the high pressure shaft line 2 which is coaxial with it and rotates at a very different speed. Tree lines 1 and 2 can be damaged. This risk explains why the possibility of leaving the rear bearing 4 attached to the stator 14 can still be retained.
Deux dispositions principales peuvent être envisagées pour améliorer le système de liaison de l'enveloppe 15 au stator 14. Dans la première, illustrée à la figure 5, la tête 20 des vis 17 ne s'appuie plus sur la bride 22 mais sur une douille 35 enfilée autour de la partie lisse 23 de la vis 17 et comprimée entre la tête 20 et la bride 22. Il faut alors employer une vis 17 plus longue, mais fortement contrainte au départ et plus flexible, ce qui lui donne une meilleure tenue en fatigue et une résistance estimée avec plus de précision. Two main arrangements can be envisaged to improve the system for connecting the casing 15 to the stator 14. In the first, illustrated in FIG. 5, the head 20 of the screws 17 no longer rests on the flange 22 but on a socket 35 threaded around the smooth part 23 of the screw 17 and compressed between the head 20 and the flange 22. It is then necessary to use a longer screw 17, but strongly constrained at the start and more flexible, which gives it better resistance in fatigue and resistance estimated more precisely.
A la figure 6, la vis 17 est remplacée par une vis 36 de même forme si ce n'est qu'elle est complétée par une embase 37 située entre la tête 20 et la partie lisse 23. L'embase 37 est sensiblement plus large que la tête 20 et c'est elle qui s'appuie sur la surface libre 21 de la bride 22, autour des perçages 25, qui sont ici sensiblement élargis par rapport à la conception des figures précédentes. In Figure 6, the screw 17 is replaced by a screw 36 of the same shape except that it is completed by a base 37 located between the head 20 and the smooth part 23. The base 37 is substantially wider that the head 20 and it is this which rests on the free surface 21 of the flange 22, around the holes 25, which are here substantially enlarged compared to the design of the preceding figures.
On choisit en effet le diamètre des perçages 25 à une valeur plus importante que celle du diamètre de tête de vis standardisées ayant le même diamètre nominal de filetage que les vis 36 qu'on souhaite employer. Cela signifie que si le monteur employait par mégarde des vis standardisées à la place des vis 36, leurs têtes s'enfonceraient dans les perçages 25 et le serrage de l'enveloppe 15 serait impossible. The diameter of the holes 25 is in fact chosen to be greater than that of the head diameter of standardized screws having the same nominal thread diameter as the screws 36 which it is desired to use. This means that if the assembler accidentally used standardized screws instead of the screws 36, their heads would sink into the holes 25 and tightening of the casing 15 would be impossible.
D'autres précautions peuvent être conçues pour les vis 17 ou 36 : c'est ainsi qu'on pourrait les façonner avec une tête de forme particulière, qui céderait dès qu'un couple de serrage excessif serait communiqué. On éviterait ainsi d'infliger aux vis une précontrainte de montage qui réduirait leur résistance souhaitée à la rupture. Other precautions can be devised for screws 17 or 36: this is how they could be shaped with a head of particular shape, which would fail as soon as an excessive tightening torque is communicated. This would avoid inflicting a mounting preload on the screws which would reduce their desired breaking strength.
La figure 7 illustre cependant une autre conception de l'invention, où les vis 17 ou 36 sont remplacées par des vis ordinaires 38. La zone de rupture est alors située sur l'enveloppe elle-même, qui porte ici la référence 39, et elle consiste en une zone affaiblie 40 située sur l'enveloppe 39 entre le palier avant 3 et la bride 22 et à proximité de celle-ci. FIG. 7 illustrates, however, another design of the invention, where the screws 17 or 36 are replaced by ordinary screws 38. The rupture zone is then located on the envelope itself, which here bears the reference 39, and it consists of a weakened area 40 located on the casing 39 between the front bearing 3 and the flange 22 and close to the latter.
Cette zone affaiblie 40 est circulaire et comprend une diminution localisée d'épaisseur autour de l'enveloppe 39. Elle peut aussi comprendre, comme on le représente ici, des évidements 42 qui la divisent en alternant avec des lamelles de liaison 43 d'extension sensiblement axiale qui relient les parties pleines et épaisses de l'enveloppe 39. On s'aperçoit immédiatement que la rupture sera consécutive à une contrainte de traction excessive sur les lamelles 43 ou plus généralement sur toute la longueur de la zone affaiblie 40, et que l'enveloppe 39 se déchirera à cet endroit.This weakened zone 40 is circular and includes a localized reduction in thickness around the envelope 39. It can also include, as shown here, recesses 42 which divide it by alternating with connecting lamellas 43 of substantially extension axial which connect the solid and thick parts of the envelope 39. It is immediately apparent that the rupture will be due to excessive tensile stress on the lamellae 43 or more generally over the entire length of the weakened zone 40, and that l envelope 39 will tear at this location.
Le phénomène sera peu différent de celui de la rupture des vis 17 ou 36, puisque l'enveloppe 39 sera presque entièrement détachée du stator 14. Dans ce cas comme dans l'autre, le support 16 ou 27 peut être relié ou non à l'enveloppe 39, et c'est cette première solution, normalement plus avantageuse, qui a été illustrée ici. The phenomenon will be little different from that of the rupture of the screws 17 or 36, since the casing 39 will be almost entirely detached from the stator 14. In this case as in the other, the support 16 or 27 may or may not be connected to the 'envelope 39, and it is this first solution, normally more advantageous, which has been illustrated here.
Pourtant, la solution à vis cassantes est probablement préférable car l'effort de rupture est déterminé avec plus de précision. However, the brittle screw solution is probably preferable because the breaking force is more precisely determined.
D'autres aspects secondaires mais utiles de l'invention méritent une mention rapide au moyen des figures suivantes. I1 est tout d'abord possible (figure 8) d'arrêter les débattements de la ligne d'arbres à basse pression 1 après la rupture s'ils deviennent excessifs. A cette fin, on peut monter une nervure 47 sur le stator 14 autour de l'enveloppe 15, pour contenir son mouvement, ou bien une autre nervure 48, encore fixée au stator 14 et qui se termine par un ou plusieurs patins 49 entourant la ligne d'arbres à basse pression 1 à peu de distance d'elle. Ces moyens d'arrêt sont inutiles tant que les paliers 3 et 4 remplissent leur rôle mais interdisent les mouvements de trop forte amplitude de la ligne d'arbres dans le cas contraire, en faisant alors office de limiteurs de mouvement ou de palier de secours. Other secondary but useful aspects of the invention deserve a quick mention by means of the following figures. It is first of all possible (FIG. 8) to stop the deflections of the line of shafts at low pressure 1 after the break if they become excessive. To this end, a rib 47 can be mounted on the stator 14 around the casing 15, to contain its movement, or else another rib 48, still fixed to the stator 14 and which ends in one or more pads 49 surrounding the low pressure shaft line 1 a short distance from it. These stopping means are useless as long as the bearings 3 and 4 fulfill their role but prohibit movements of too great an amplitude of the line of shafts in the opposite case, then acting as movement limiters or as an emergency landing.
Concurremment, un dispositif de récupération de l'huile de lubrification peut être lui aussi monté sur le stator 14, par exemple sous forme d'une écope 50 illustrée sur cette figure 8, montée en porte-à-faux sur la nervure 47, ou d'une écope 51 de plus grande longueur illustrée à la figure 9 et qui comprend un manchon 52 glissant sur des couronnes 53 et 54 respectivement montées sur le stator 14 et sur l'enveloppe 15. Le manchon 52 entoure ainsi complètement l'enveloppe 15 et dirige l'huile projetée sur lui vers un dispositif de récupération (non représenté) situé sur le stator 14, grâce à sa forme évasée vers celui-ci. Dans tous les cas, l'enveloppe 15 est percée d'orifices devant l'écope 50 ou 51 pour que l'huile la traverse et aboutisse dans l'écope. At the same time, a device for recovering the lubricating oil can also be mounted on the stator 14, for example in the form of a scoop 50 illustrated in this FIG. 8, mounted in cantilever on the rib 47, or a scoop 51 of greater length illustrated in FIG. 9 and which comprises a sleeve 52 sliding on crowns 53 and 54 respectively mounted on the stator 14 and on the casing 15. The sleeve 52 thus completely surrounds the casing 15 and directs the oil sprayed onto it to a recovery device (not shown) located on the stator 14, thanks to its flared shape towards the latter. In all cases, the envelope 15 is pierced with orifices in front of the scoop 50 or 51 so that the oil passes through it and ends up in the scoop.
Enfin, il est utile de s'opposer aux rotations excessives de l'enveloppe 15 ou 39 une fois qu'elle est détachée. Une solution est illustrée à la figure 10 et consiste à creuser la bride 22 de l'enveloppe 15 de festons 55 entre les emplacements des vis 17. On prend soin d'installer des pions ou ergots 56 sur le stator 14 de façon qu'ils viennent dans les festons 55 avec un peu de jeu. Quand l'enveloppe 15 se détache, les pions 56 butent contre les parois des festons 55 et l'arrêtent. Finally, it is useful to oppose excessive rotation of the envelope 15 or 39 once it is detached. A solution is illustrated in FIG. 10 and consists in digging the flange 22 of the envelope 15 of scallops 55 between the locations of the screws 17. Care is taken to install pins or lugs 56 on the stator 14 so that they come into the scallops 55 with a little play. When the envelope 15 comes off, the pins 56 abut against the walls of the scallops 55 and stop it.
On peut concevoir bien entendu d'autres systèmes d'arrêt tout aussi valables, tels que celui de la figure 11 : il s'agit d'un câble 57 dont les extrémités sont fixées respectivement au stator 14 et à l'enveloppe 15. Plusieurs de ces câbles sont prévus autour de l'enveloppe 15. L'effet est le même que précédemment dès que la rotation de l'enveloppe 15 tend les câbles 57. One can of course conceive of other equally valid stop systems, such as that of FIG. 11: it is a cable 57 whose ends are fixed respectively to the stator 14 and to the casing 15. Several of these cables are provided around the envelope 15. The effect is the same as above as soon as the rotation of the envelope 15 tightens the cables 57.
Bien entendu, les différents perfectionnements évoqués ici sont normalement compatibles avec toutes les réalisations principales mentionnées, et ils peuvent être cumulés entre eux. Of course, the various improvements mentioned here are normally compatible with all the main embodiments mentioned, and they can be combined with one another.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9609703A FR2752024B1 (en) | 1996-08-01 | 1996-08-01 | SHAFT SUPPORT BREAKING AT THE APPEARANCE OF A BALOURD |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9609703A FR2752024B1 (en) | 1996-08-01 | 1996-08-01 | SHAFT SUPPORT BREAKING AT THE APPEARANCE OF A BALOURD |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2752024A1 true FR2752024A1 (en) | 1998-02-06 |
| FR2752024B1 FR2752024B1 (en) | 1998-09-04 |
Family
ID=9494719
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9609703A Expired - Lifetime FR2752024B1 (en) | 1996-08-01 | 1996-08-01 | SHAFT SUPPORT BREAKING AT THE APPEARANCE OF A BALOURD |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2752024B1 (en) |
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| EP1659266A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-24 | Snecma | Common decoupling device for the first and the second bearings of the drive shaft of a turbomachine, and turbomachine and compressor with such a device |
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| RU2801243C1 (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-08-03 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) | Turbojet engine |
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| FR3070965A1 (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-15 | Safran Aircraft Engines | NON-CARBONATED BLOWER PROPELLER HUB WITH BREAKING PRIMER AREA FOR DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF DAMAGE |
| WO2019186028A1 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-03 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Turbine shaft of a turbomachine and method for protecting against overspeed of said shaft |
| FR3079550A1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-04 | Safran Aircraft Engines | TURBINE SHAFT TREE AND METHOD OF PROTECTING SUCH TREE OVERSPEED |
| CN111954752A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-11-17 | 赛峰飞机发动机公司 | Turbine shaft of a turbomachine and method for protecting said shaft against overspeed |
| US11643944B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2023-05-09 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Turbine shaft of a turbomachine and method for protecting against overspeed of said shaft |
| CN111954752B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2023-03-14 | 赛峰飞机发动机公司 | Turbine shaft of a turbomachine and method for protecting said shaft against overspeed |
| FR3085434A1 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-06 | Safran Aircraft Engines | TURBOMACHINE WITH AXIAL EFFORT TAKE-UP BETWEEN THE ROTOR AND THE STATOR BY PRESSURE OIL SUPPLY |
| US10975729B2 (en) * | 2018-10-04 | 2021-04-13 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Gas turbine engine |
| US11230945B2 (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2022-01-25 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine with intermediate case bearing arrangement |
| US20220112819A1 (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-04-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Gas turbine engine bearing housing |
| US11408304B2 (en) * | 2020-10-08 | 2022-08-09 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Gas turbine engine bearing housing |
| FR3129174A1 (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-19 | Safran Aircraft Engines | TURBOMACHINE MODULE INCLUDING DAMPING DEVICE AND CORRESPONDING TURBOMACHINE |
| RU2801243C1 (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-08-03 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) | Turbojet engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2752024B1 (en) | 1998-09-04 |
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