FR2738596A1 - Performance enhancement for external combustion engines - Google Patents

Performance enhancement for external combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2738596A1
FR2738596A1 FR9510665A FR9510665A FR2738596A1 FR 2738596 A1 FR2738596 A1 FR 2738596A1 FR 9510665 A FR9510665 A FR 9510665A FR 9510665 A FR9510665 A FR 9510665A FR 2738596 A1 FR2738596 A1 FR 2738596A1
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Prior art keywords
air
turbine
compressor
engine
combustion engines
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FR9510665A
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FR2738596B1 (en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/02Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of open-cycle type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G3/00Combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G3/02Combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants with reciprocating-piston engines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The performance of the external combustion heat engine is improved by the fact that the combustion gas and the excess of burnt air are carried into a turbine (24). Both the combustion gas and the burnt air expand through the turbine, before being rejected to the atmosphere. The burnt air exhaust from a heat exchanger (4). This process takes place at a temperature and pressure, which are higher than those of the atmosphere. The turbine is used to drive an air compressor (25). The output form this compressor is used, primarily, as the principal drive for the inlet to the engine. An adjustable fraction of the compressed air. It is adjustable by a valve (33), which may be diverted through an exhaust heater (29) and to the burner (27) to act as the combustible air for the inlet.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour améliorer les performances des moteurs volumétriques à combustion externe utilisant l'air comme fluide moteur, encore appelés "moteurs à air chaud" . Il sera décrit en faisant référence à la figure 1 sur laquelle la partie à gauche de la ligne LL' représente le schéma d'un moteur à combustion externe particulier, à titre d'exemple, et la partie à droite de la ligne LL', le dispositif objet de la présente invention. The present invention relates to a device for improving the performance of volumetric external combustion engines using air as the working fluid, also called "hot air engines". It will be described with reference to FIG. 1 in which the part to the left of the line LL 'represents the diagram of a particular external combustion engine, by way of example, and the part to the right of the line LL', the device object of the present invention.

Le moteur de l'exemple fonctionne selon un cycle à quatre temps. Au cours du premier temps, le piston 7 descend du PMH au PMB, et, la soupape 1 étant alors ouverte, aspire de l'air atmosphérique par le conduit 19. Au cours du deuxième temps du cycle, l'air moteur est repoussé du cylindre 10 par le piston 7 à travers le clapet 5 vers la surface d'échange 23 représentée symboliquement par un tube spiralé, de la chaudière à air 4. Cette surface d'échange 23 est exposée à la flamme 26 produite par le brûleur 27, qui transmet ainsi sa chaleur à l'air moteur qui circule dans 23, avant d'être réadmis dans le cylindre à travers la soupape 3 au cours du troisième temps du cycle, pour s'y détendre et produire le travail utile recherché.Lorsque le piston 7 remonte, pour accomplir le quatrième temps du cycle, l'air moteur détendu peut s' échapper par le conduit 20 hors du cylindre 10 à travers la soupape 2 qui est alors ouverte. Plutôt que de le laisser s'échapper à l'atmosphère, il est alors judicieux de reutiliser cet air qui est encore sous pression et encore chaud, comme air comburant dans le brûleur. A cette fin l'air moteur qui s'échappe par la tubulure 20 est d'abord conduit par la tubulure 28 vers le réchauffeur d'air 29, qui récupère ce qu'il est possible de la chaleur de la flamme qui subsiste après passage sur la surface d'échange 23, et est conduit ensuite au droit du brûleur 27 pour y servir d'air comburant. The example engine operates on a four-stroke cycle. During the first time, the piston 7 descends from the TDC to the PMB, and, the valve 1 then being open, sucks atmospheric air through the conduit 19. During the second time of the cycle, the engine air is forced from the cylinder 10 by the piston 7 through the valve 5 towards the exchange surface 23 symbolically represented by a spiral tube, of the air boiler 4. This exchange surface 23 is exposed to the flame 26 produced by the burner 27, which thus transmits its heat to the engine air which circulates in 23, before being re-admitted into the cylinder through the valve 3 during the third stage of the cycle, in order to relax there and produce the useful work sought after. piston 7 rises, to complete the fourth cycle time, the relaxed engine air can escape through the conduit 20 out of the cylinder 10 through the valve 2 which is then open. Rather than letting it escape to the atmosphere, it is therefore wise to reuse this air which is still under pressure and still hot, as combustion air in the burner. To this end, the engine air which escapes through the tube 20 is first led by the tube 28 to the air heater 29, which recovers what is possible from the heat of the flame which remains after passage on the exchange surface 23, and is then led to the right of the burner 27 to serve as combustion air.

Les gaz produits par la combustion et l'excès d'air comburant ont encore à la sortie 30 de la chaudière à air 4 une pression et une température supérieures à la pression et à la température atmosphé- riques. Le dispositif selon l'invention consiste à profiter de ces circonstances pour envoyer ces gaz se détendre dans la turbine à gaz 24 qui entraine le compresseur 25, lequel comprime l'air provenant de l'atmosphère ambiante ou d'un autre compresseur d'air, et le présente ainsi comprimé à la tubulure d'admission 19 du moteur, ce qui a pour premier effet d'augmenter la puissance du moteur sensiblement en proportion de l'augmentation de la pression d'admission ainsi obtenue.  The gases produced by the combustion and the excess of combustion air still have at the outlet 30 of the air boiler 4 a pressure and a temperature higher than atmospheric pressure and temperature. The device according to the invention consists in taking advantage of these circumstances to send these gases to relax in the gas turbine 24 which drives the compressor 25, which compresses the air coming from the ambient atmosphere or from another air compressor , and thus presents it compressed to the intake manifold 19 of the engine, which has the first effect of increasing the power of the engine substantially in proportion to the increase in the intake pressure thus obtained.

Un second effet de cette disposition en sortie de chaudière à air du turbo-compresseur 24-25 selon l'invention est la diminution du temps de réponse entre une demande de variation de puissance sollicitée par une variation du débit de combustible dans le brûleur 27, et l'apparition sur l'arbre du moteur de la variation de puissance demandée. En effet, une variation de débit de combustible produit immédiatement une variation du débit de gaz à la sortie 30 de la chaudière 4 qui alinente la turbine 24, donc une variation de la surpression d'alimentation créée par le compresseur 25, donc la variation de puissance recherchée, sans avoir à attendre que la température de l'air moteur qui défile dans la surface d'échange 23 ait elle-même varié. On parle alors de l'ameliora- tion de la "réactivité" du moteur. A second effect of this arrangement at the outlet of the air boiler from the turbo-compressor 24-25 according to the invention is the reduction in the response time between a request for a variation in power requested by a variation in the flow of fuel in the burner 27, and the appearance on the motor shaft of the requested power variation. Indeed, a variation in fuel flow immediately produces a variation in the gas flow at the outlet 30 of the boiler 4 which feeds the turbine 24, therefore a variation in the supply overpressure created by the compressor 25, therefore the variation in power sought, without having to wait for the temperature of the engine air which passes through the exchange surface 23 to itself have varied. This is called improving the "reactivity" of the engine.

Ces deux premiers effets bénéfiques du dispositif selon l'invention, l'augmentation de la puissance du moteur et la dininution du tenps de sa réponse à une demande de variation de puissance, sont obtenus quel que soit sa vitesse de rotation, contrairement à ce qui se produit dans la turbo-suralimentation des moteurs à combustion interne, dans lesquels le débit de gaz d'échappement qui se détend dans la turbine est forcément lié à la vitesse de rotation du moteur. These first two beneficial effects of the device according to the invention, the increase in the power of the motor and the decrease in the tenps of its response to a request for variation of power, are obtained whatever its speed of rotation, contrary to what occurs in the turbocharging of internal combustion engines, in which the flow of exhaust gas which expands in the turbine is necessarily linked to the speed of rotation of the engine.

Un troisième effet bénéfique du dispositif selon l'invention est l'amélioration du rendement global du moteur, car le remplacement de l'admission directe par la conduite 19 d'air atmosphérique comme air moteur par l'air comprimé dans le compresseur 25 augmente la puissance du moteur à debit égal de combustible dans le brûleur 27. A third beneficial effect of the device according to the invention is the improvement of the overall efficiency of the engine, since the replacement of the direct intake by the pipe 19 of atmospheric air as engine air by the compressed air in the compressor 25 increases the engine power at equal fuel flow rate in the burner 27.

La présente invention prévoit encore d'installer une tubulure de dérivation 32 entre la tubulure 31 de sortie du compresseur 25 et la tubulure 28 qui alimente le brûleur en air comburant. Sur cette tubulure 32, une vanne 33 commandée à la main ou par un asservissement ou par tout autre moyen approprié, permet de régler entre zéro et la totalité la fraction du débit du compresseur 25 qui est dérivée directenent vers le brûleur 27. Cette disposition permet en particulier d'assurer la fourniture d'air conburant même dans le cas où le moteur est momentanement arrêté, et maintenir ainsi la température de la chaudière 4 à une valeur suffisante pour un redémarrage ultérieur du moteur. Pour étendre cette fonction à un démarrage à froid, la turbine 24 étant alors à l'arrêt, un moteur électrique 34 entraînera le compresseur 25 pendant le temps nécessaire au démarrage par une transmission débrayable ou à roue libre 35.  The present invention also provides for installing a branch pipe 32 between the outlet pipe 31 of the compressor 25 and the pipe 28 which supplies the burner with combustion air. On this tubing 32, a valve 33 controlled by hand or by a servo control or by any other suitable means, makes it possible to adjust between zero and all the fraction of the flow rate of the compressor 25 which is derived directly to the burner 27. This arrangement allows in particular to ensure the supply of combustion air even in the case where the engine is temporarily stopped, and thus maintain the temperature of the boiler 4 at a value sufficient for a subsequent restart of the engine. To extend this function to a cold start, the turbine 24 then being stopped, an electric motor 34 will drive the compressor 25 for the time necessary to start by a disengageable or freewheel transmission 35.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Dispositif pour améliorer les performances des moteurs à combustion externe caractérisé par le fait que les gaz de combustion et l'excès d'air comburant qui s'échappent de la chaudière à air 4 sont envoyés dans une turbine 24 pour s'y détendre avant dètre rejetés à l'atmosphère, laquelle turbine 24 entraine un compresseur d'air 25 dont la sortie d'air sous pression alimente principalement l'admission du moteur. 1) Device for improving the performance of external combustion engines, characterized in that the combustion gases and the excess of combustion air which escape from the air boiler 4 are sent to a turbine 24 to relax there before it is discharged into the atmosphere, which turbine 24 drives an air compressor 25, the outlet of pressurized air mainly feeds the engine intake. 2) Dispositif pour améliorer les perfornances des moteurs à combustion externe selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'une fraction réglable par un vanne 33 entre zéro et la totalité du débit de l'air du compresseur 25 peut être dérivée vers le brûleur 27 de la chaudière à air 4 pour y servir d'air comburant. 2) Device for improving the performance of external combustion engines according to claim 1, characterized in that a fraction adjustable by a valve 33 between zero and the entire air flow of the compressor 25 can be diverted to the burner 27 of the air boiler 4 to serve as combustion air. 3) Dispositif pour améliorer les performances des moteurs à combustion externe selon la revendication 2 , caractérisé par le fait qu'un moteur électrique 34 peut être substitué momentanément à la turbine 24 pour entraîner le compresseur 25, pour assurer la fourniture d'air comburant lors d'un dénarrage du moteur à froid.  3) Device for improving the performance of external combustion engines according to claim 2, characterized in that an electric motor 34 can be temporarily replaced by the turbine 24 to drive the compressor 25, to ensure the supply of combustion air during a cold engine start.
FR9510665A 1995-09-12 1995-09-12 DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Expired - Fee Related FR2738596B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008022705A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Meta Motoren- Und Energie-Technik Gmbh Method and apparatus for conversion of combustion heat energy to mechanical energy
WO2008031939A2 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-20 Thevenod Frederic Heat engine with external hot source

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4054027A (en) * 1975-01-28 1977-10-18 Manzato Gustave A Convertible hydrogenator and gas turbine
US4341070A (en) * 1980-03-31 1982-07-27 Caterpillar Tractor Co. High thermal efficiency power plant and operating method therefor
FR2673979A1 (en) * 1991-03-14 1992-09-18 Kovacs Andre Thermodynamic machine with four-stroke cycle
DE4444227A1 (en) * 1994-12-13 1995-06-01 Alexander Dr Ing Waberski Combined gas turbine and piston engine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4054027A (en) * 1975-01-28 1977-10-18 Manzato Gustave A Convertible hydrogenator and gas turbine
US4341070A (en) * 1980-03-31 1982-07-27 Caterpillar Tractor Co. High thermal efficiency power plant and operating method therefor
FR2673979A1 (en) * 1991-03-14 1992-09-18 Kovacs Andre Thermodynamic machine with four-stroke cycle
DE4444227A1 (en) * 1994-12-13 1995-06-01 Alexander Dr Ing Waberski Combined gas turbine and piston engine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008022705A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2008-02-28 Meta Motoren- Und Energie-Technik Gmbh Method and apparatus for conversion of combustion heat energy to mechanical energy
WO2008031939A2 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-03-20 Thevenod Frederic Heat engine with external hot source
WO2008031939A3 (en) * 2006-09-11 2008-05-15 Frederic Thevenod Heat engine with external hot source
JP2010502897A (en) * 2006-09-11 2010-01-28 セヴェノド,フレデリック Heat engine with external heat source
US9046054B2 (en) 2006-09-11 2015-06-02 Frédéric Thevenod Heat engine with external hot source

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FR2738596B1 (en) 1997-10-03

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