FR2738360A1 - Device for generating harmonic optical frequencies from fundamental - Google Patents

Device for generating harmonic optical frequencies from fundamental Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2738360A1
FR2738360A1 FR9303477A FR9303477A FR2738360A1 FR 2738360 A1 FR2738360 A1 FR 2738360A1 FR 9303477 A FR9303477 A FR 9303477A FR 9303477 A FR9303477 A FR 9303477A FR 2738360 A1 FR2738360 A1 FR 2738360A1
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Prior art keywords
crystal
generation
optical frequencies
fundamental frequency
frequency according
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French (fr)
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Gilles Brassart
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BM IND
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BM IND
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
    • G02F1/3503—Structural association of optical elements, e.g. lenses, with the non-linear optical device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/3501—Constructional details or arrangements of non-linear optical devices, e.g. shape of non-linear crystals
    • G02F1/3509—Shape, e.g. shape of end face
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
    • G02F1/3534—Three-wave interaction, e.g. sum-difference frequency generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
    • G02F1/397—Amplification of light by wave mixing involving an interference pattern, e.g. using photorefractive material

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

The material of the windows (3) and of the liquid (4) are chosen to have a refractive index as close as possible to the mean value of the crystal (1) in the range optical frequencies used. The crystal axis is arranged to be coincident with a mechanical axis of rotation. The crystal is uniaxial or biaxial and shaped so that the preferred optical axis in an interaction of three waves and the principal axis of the incident beam may be in the plane of cross-section of the cylinder and defines between them the critical angle of the matching of phase.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale.The present invention relates to a device for generating optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency.

L'interaction entre un champ électromagnétique et la matière réalise, dans des conditions particulières, un transfert de fréquence optique à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale issue d'un émetteur laser. Ce transfert met en oeuvre des procédés d'optique non linéaire et la présente invention utilise l'interaction non linéaire de trois ondes dans un matériau optiquement transparent et dont la structure n'est pas centro-symétrique.The interaction between an electromagnetic field and matter realizes, under special conditions, an optical frequency transfer from a fundamental frequency coming from a laser transmitter. This transfer implements non-linear optical methods and the present invention uses the non-linear interaction of three waves in an optically transparent material whose structure is not centro-symmetrical.

Les pulsations optiques des trois ondes et leurs vecteurs d'onde associés sont successivement désignés par wl, w2, W3, < kl > , < k2 > , < k3 > . Le signe < . > désigne une grandeur vectorielle. Dans l'interaction à trois ondes, la relation de conservation d'énergie s'exprime par : wl = w2 + W3 ; et la relation d'adaptation de phase s'exprime par < kl > = < k2 > + < k3 > . La génération de l'onde wl à partir des ondes W2 et W3 est traditionnellement appelée génération d'harmoniques. Ainsi, par exemple, lorsque
W2 = w3 = w, I'onde w est appelée onde fondamentale et wl = 2 w est appelée onde harmonique-2.Dans tous les cas l'addition des fréquences w2 et W3 engendre une énergie à la fréquence wl. La soustraction des fréquences wl et W2 pour engendrer une énergie à la fréquence harmonique W3 est une interaction moins usitée. La génération des ondes w2 et W3 à partir de l'onde wl est traditionnellement appelée amplification ou oscillation paramétrique.The optical pulses of the three waves and their associated wave vectors are successively designated by wl, w2, W3, <kl>, <k2>, <k3>. The <sign. > denotes a vector quantity. In the three-wave interaction, the energy conservation relationship is expressed by: wl = w2 + W3; and the phase adaptation relation is expressed by <kl> = <k2> + <k3>. The generation of the wl wave from the W2 and W3 waves is traditionally called generation of harmonics. So, for example, when
W2 = w3 = w, the wave w is called the fundamental wave and wl = 2 w is called the harmonic wave-2. In all cases the addition of the frequencies w2 and W3 generates energy at the frequency wl. The subtraction of the frequencies wl and W2 to generate energy at the harmonic frequency W3 is a less used interaction. The generation of the w2 and W3 waves from the wl wave is traditionally called parametric amplification or oscillation.

Quelle que soit la nature de l'interaction à trois ondes, le cristal optique qui est le siège du transfert de fréquence est souvent uni axe et parfois biaxe. La relation d'adaptation de phase consiste à repérer les conditions spatiales pour lesquelles les ellipsoïdes des indices relatives aux trois ondes ont des intersections communes. Certaines de ces zones d'intersection offrent des rendements énergétiques dans le transfert de fréquence plus importants que dans d'autres zones. Les zones pour lesquelles l'interaction est optimale dépendent également de la taille du cristal optique. Ainsi, par exemple, dans la génération de l'onde harmonique-2, la taille de type 1 consiste à ce que l'onde fondamental se propage sur l'onde ordinaire du cristal optique et l'onde harmonique-2 se propage sur l'onde extraordinaire du cristal optique.Il est courant de se placer dans les conditions de taille de type 1 ou de taille de type 2 dans l'interaction à trois ondes.Whatever the nature of the three-wave interaction, the optical crystal which is the seat of frequency transfer is often single-axis and sometimes biaxial. The phase adaptation relation consists in identifying the spatial conditions for which the ellipsoids of the indices relating to the three waves have common intersections. Some of these intersection zones offer higher energy yields in frequency transfer than in other zones. The areas for which the interaction is optimal also depend on the size of the optical crystal. Thus, for example, in the generation of the harmonic-2 wave, the type 1 size consists in that the fundamental wave propagates on the ordinary wave of the optical crystal and the harmonic-2 wave propagates on the extraordinary wave of the optical crystal. It is common to place oneself in type 1 or type 2 size conditions in three-wave interaction.

Traditionnellement, I'adaptation de phase se réalise en orientant le cristal vis à vis de (ou des) I'onde(s) incidente(s) de façon à ce que l'angle réalisé entre l'axe optique privilégié du cristal et le vecteur de Poynting de (ou des) I'onde(s) incidente(s) soit optimal. Dans ces conditions le rendement énergétique du transfert est maximum. Cet angle est désigné par angle critique d'adaptation de phase. Dans la direction perpendiculaire au plan de l'angle critique, I'orientation du cristal est moins délicate.Traditionally, phase adaptation is carried out by orienting the crystal with respect to the incident wave (s) so that the angle produced between the preferred optical axis of the crystal and the Poynting vector of (or of) the incident wave (s) is optimal. Under these conditions, the energy efficiency of the transfer is maximum. This angle is designated by critical phase adaptation angle. In the direction perpendicular to the plane of the critical angle, the orientation of the crystal is less delicate.

Ainsi, par exemple, la génération de l'onde harmonique-2 à partir d'une onde fondamentale accordable en fréquence, nécessite un réajustement de l'angle critique à chaque fois que la fréquence de l'onde fondamentale change sensiblement ; dans la direction perpendiculaire, le réajustement est inutile. L'un des inconvénients majeurs à un transfert de fréquence par génération d'harmoniques lorsque l'onde fondamentale est accordable et l'effet d'oeil de chat qui d'une part, limite la section du faisceau incident dans le cristal et décale d'autre part, le faisceau de l'onde harmonique parallèlement au faisceau incident.Thus, for example, the generation of the harmonic-2 wave from a fundamental wave tunable in frequency, requires a readjustment of the critical angle each time the frequency of the fundamental wave changes appreciably; in the perpendicular direction, readjustment is unnecessary. One of the major drawbacks to a frequency transfer by generation of harmonics when the fundamental wave is tunable and the cat eye effect which on the one hand limits the section of the incident beam in the crystal and shifts d on the other hand, the beam of the harmonic wave parallel to the incident beam.

Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de remédier à cet inconvénient. En effet, le cristal est taillé en forme de cylindre en respectant le type de taille et de façon à ce que le plan de section transverse du cylindre inclut l'angle critique d'adaptation de phase. La figure 1 représente en coupe, le dispositif selon l'invention. En référence à ce dessin, le dispositif présente le cristal (1) monté sur l'axe mécanique rotatif (2), les hublots (3) taillés en forme de lentilles planes concaves divergentes et le liquide d'adaptation d'indice (4).The device according to the invention overcomes this drawback. Indeed, the crystal is cut in the shape of a cylinder while respecting the type of size and in such a way that the plane of cross section of the cylinder includes the critical phase adaptation angle. Figure 1 shows in section, the device according to the invention. With reference to this drawing, the device presents the crystal (1) mounted on the rotary mechanical axis (2), the portholes (3) cut into the shape of divergent concave planar lenses and the index adaptation liquid (4) .

L'ensemble de ces constituants du dispositif est placé dans une enceinte (5) étanche. Les indices de réfraction des hublots et du liquide sont choisis de façon à ce que leurs valeurs s approchent pour les fréquences mises en oeuvre, le plus étroitement possible, d'une valeur moyenne des indices du cristal. L'ensemble hublots-cristal-liquide agit vis à vis de la lumière comme une lame à face parallèle fixe, quelle que soit l'orientation du cristal définit par l'axe mécanique. Ainsi, lorsque l'onde incidente change de fréquence, l'adaptation de phase est assurée sans diminuer l'ouverture optique du dispositif. L'onde harmonique générée reste dans une direction unique.All of these components of the device are placed in a sealed enclosure (5). The refractive indices of the windows and of the liquid are chosen so that their values approach, for the frequencies used, as closely as possible, an average value of the indices of the crystal. The window-crystal-liquid assembly acts with respect to light like a blade with a fixed parallel face, whatever the orientation of the crystal defined by the mechanical axis. Thus, when the incident wave changes frequency, the phase adaptation is ensured without reducing the optical aperture of the device. The harmonic wave generated remains in a single direction.

A titre d'exemple, dans le tri borate de lithium (LBO), la génération de ltharmonique-2 à partir d'une onde fondamentale issue d'un laser à saphir dopé par l'ion titane nécessite une variation de l'angle critique de 40 degrés lorsque l'onde fondamentale varie de 680 nm à 1050 nm. Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de générer une onde harmonique entre 340 nm et 525 nm sans effet d'oeil de chat.For example, in lithium tri borate (LBO), the generation of harmonic-2 from a fundamental wave from a sapphire laser doped with titanium ion requires a variation of the critical angle 40 degrees when the fundamental wave varies from 680 nm to 1050 nm. The device according to the invention makes it possible to generate a harmonic wave between 340 nm and 525 nm without the cat eye effect.

L'intervalle de liquide entre le cristal et les hublots est constant et minimum de façon à éviter les gradients thermiques qui peuvent s'installer au sein du liquide.The liquid interval between the crystal and the portholes is constant and minimum so as to avoid the thermal gradients which can settle inside the liquid.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut également être utilisé pour amplification et l'oscillation paramétrique.The device according to the invention can also be used for amplification and parametric oscillation.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut également être utilisé pour corriger la valeur de l'angle critique lorsque la température du cristal évolue.The device according to the invention can also be used to correct the value of the critical angle when the temperature of the crystal changes.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné aux applications civiles et militaires des lasers accordables en fréquence. The device according to the invention is particularly intended for civil and military applications of frequency tunable lasers.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONs 1 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un cristal cvlindrique placé dans une enceinte étanche, deux hublots façonnés en lentilles planes concaves divergentes ; le cristal et les faces internes des hublots baignent dans un liquide.1 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical crystal placed in a sealed enclosure, two portholes shaped into divergent concave planar lenses; the crystal and the internal faces of the portholes are immersed in a liquid. 2 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquenc fondamentale selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les indices de réfraction du liquide et des hublots sont choisis de façon à ce que leurs valeurs s'approchent, pour les fréquences optiques mises en oeuvre, le plus étroitement possible, d'une valeur moyenne des indices du cristal.2 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractive indices of the liquid and the windows are chosen so that their values approach, for the frequencies optics used, as closely as possible, with an average value of the indices of the crystal. 3 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'axe du cylindre du cristal soit confondu avec un axe mécanique rotatif de façon à ce que le cristal tourne autour de son axe.3 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the crystal cylinder is coincident with a rotary mechanical axis so that the crystal rotates around its axis. 1 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le cristal est uniaxe ou biaxe et taillé de façon à ce que l'axe optique privilégié dans une interaction à trois ondes et l'axe du faisceau principal incident soient dans le plan de section transverse du cylindre du cristal et qu'ils définissent entre eux l'angle critique d'adaptation de phase. 1 - Device for generating optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that the crystal is uniaxial or biaxial and cut so that the preferred optical axis in a three-wave interaction and the axis of the main incident beam are in the plane of cross section of the crystal cylinder and that they define between them the critical phase adaptation angle. 5 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon les revendications l, 2, 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il agit optiquement vis à vis du faisceau de lumière incident et des faisceaux harmoniques, comme une lame à faces parallèles fixe, quelle que soit la position de l'axe mécanique rotatif.5 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to claims l, 2, 3, characterized in that it acts optically with respect to the incident light beam and harmonic beams, like a blade with fixed parallel faces, regardless of the position of the rotary mechanical axis. 6 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon les revendications 1, 2, 3, et A, caractérisé en ce que son ouverture optique est constante quelle que soit la position de l'axe mécanique rotatif.6 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to claims 1, 2, 3, and A, characterized in that its optical opening is constant regardless of the position of the rotary mechanical axis. 7 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est le siège d'une génération d'harmoniques à partir d'une onde fondamentale accordable ou non en fréquence et dont l'angle critique de l'adaptation de phase est accessible par rotation de l'axe mécanique.7 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the seat of a generation of harmonics from a fundamental wave tunable or not in frequency and whose critical angle of phase adaptation is accessible by rotation of the mechanical axis. 8 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon les revendications de 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il est le siège d'une amplification ou d'une oscillation paramétrique à partir d'une onde fondamentale et dont l'angle critique de l'adaptation de phase est accessible par rotation de l'axe mécanique.8 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is the seat of an amplification or a parametric oscillation from a fundamental wave and whose critical angle of the phase adaptation is accessible by rotation of the mechanical axis. 9 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour corriger la valeur de l'angle critique lorsque la température du cristal évolue.9 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used to correct the value of the critical angle when the temperature of the crystal changes. 10 - Dispositif pour la génération de fréquences optiques à partir d'une fréquence fondamentale selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle de liquide entre les faces internes des hublots et la surface latérale du cristal est constant et le plus petit possible. 10 - Device for the generation of optical frequencies from a fundamental frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid gap between the internal faces of the windows and the lateral surface of the crystal is constant and as small as possible.
FR9303477A 1993-03-24 1993-03-24 Device for generating harmonic optical frequencies from fundamental Pending FR2738360A1 (en)

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FR9303477A FR2738360A1 (en) 1993-03-24 1993-03-24 Device for generating harmonic optical frequencies from fundamental

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2771519A1 (en) * 1997-11-27 1999-05-28 Univ Bourgogne Nonlinear frequency tunable crystal optical radiation generator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2771519A1 (en) * 1997-11-27 1999-05-28 Univ Bourgogne Nonlinear frequency tunable crystal optical radiation generator
WO1999028785A1 (en) * 1997-11-27 1999-06-10 Universite De Bourgogne Means for generating optical radiations tuneable at least in frequency
US6882465B1 (en) * 1997-11-27 2005-04-19 Jds Uniphase Corporation Tunable frequency-converting optical device

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