FR2723959A1 - SEMI-AUTOMATIC SAPONIFICATION PROCESS OF PURE VEGETABLE OILS - Google Patents

Abstract

Semi automatic process for cold saponification of pure vegetable oil providing for the production of a pure soap containing more than 5 % of glycerine and free of secondary waste, characterized by the pre-heating of oils used at a temperature of 50 DEG C approximately, in a closed reactor fitted with stirring means, incorporating the appropriate reagents and additives, the reaction being auto-catalyzed without further heating, and at the end of the reaction the temperature is maintained at about 80 DEG C in order to keep a sufficient viscosity, and progressively all the content of the reactor is emptied and, by circulating water at a temperature lower than 50 DEG C the soap paste obtained is refrigerated so that the latter forms a mass of soap like soap cake which is then cut to the desired dimensions. The method according to the invention provides for the production of a hard soap with a vegetable washing base while optimizing the cost price/quality ratio.

Description

 The present invention relates to a semi-automatic saponification process for pure vegetable oils.

 Industrial or semi-industrial saponification takes place in several stages, which requires substantial material equipment and numerous manipulations. The concern is not to obtain pure oils, but fatty substances at the lowest cost, this is why the saponification temperatures are generally much higher than 100 C see even at 2000C. The quantities of alkali reagents are used in excess, thus even impure fatty substances are saponified and produce secondary waste in the form of glycerol lyes. Several washing steps in additional tanks are then necessary to separate this glyceric detergent. Having done this, the soap must be mashed using a special material, then the soaps must be obtained using a extruder, which constitutes a new manipulation and the use of a new one. machine. Thus, industrial or semi-industrial saponifications involve high energy expenditure, numerous manipulations and numerous machines.

 The present invention relates to a semi-automatic saponification process of pure vegetable oils making it possible to obtain a pure soap containing more than 5% of glycerine and devoid of secondary waste, characterized in that the oils used are preheated to a temperature of the order of 500 ° C., in a closed reactor equipped with stirring means, then the appropriate reagents and adjuvants are incorporated, the reaction self-drying without further heat input, then the reaction completed, the temperature is maintained at approximately 800C to maintain sufficient viscosity, then gradually emptying while refrigerating to less than 500C by circulating water the soap paste obtained so that it solidifies and forms the rod of soap which is then cut to size wanted.

 The method according to the invention comprises only a single cylindrical reactor closed in stainless steel, into which are introduced from the top the various reagents, namely, vegetable oil, alkali, color, perfume and possibly fillers.

Once loaded with these reagents, the reactor is sealed by closing the valves allowing filling.

 The central axis of an electrically controlled rotor actuates blades which ensure the agitation of the reagents at a maximum of 1200 revolutions / minute, but generally at 600 revolutions / minute according to the horns qras. This axis is endowed with vertical mobility. Thus the position of the blades in the reactor can be more or less high. The blades are helical inclined at approximately 40 degrees causing downward pressure during rotation. These blades also make an angle of about 26 degrees with the horizontal plane passing through their anchor point on the rotor axis. The arrangement of the blades in the reactor tends to favor the stirring of the reactants and the emptying of the reactor when the finished product leaves.

 The reactor is provided with an insulating wall in order to limit heat loss. Saponification is activated by preheating and then by stirring the reagents. Being exothermic, the reaction self-catalyzes without further heat input; the heat and the pressure inside the reactor increase at the same time as the saponification kinetics. A thermometer and a barometer control these parameters, a safety valve at the top of the reactor releases the pressure beyond a certain threshold.

 When the reaction is finished, the soap becomes paste. There is no longer any production of heat, it is then necessary to maintain, if necessary, with a heating device, the temperature of the reactor at approximately 800C, in order to maintain an adequate viscosity.

 The blades are then progressively mounted at the top of the reactor vessel. They allow to exert a pressure from top to bottom on the soap paste. The reactor is then gradually emptied from below into a pipe which ends with a pump and a refrigerant system with water circulation at an adjustable flow rate. The outlet mouth at the end is closed at first. The refrigerant water circuit allows the soap paste to be cooled to a temperature below 500C. The rotating paddle and pump devices allow the soap paste to be packed in front of the closed outlet mouth. A barometer and a thermometer monitor the pressure and the temperature at the outlet mouth. When these two parameters are satisfactory, the chosen outlet mouth is then opened, determining the shape of the soap rod. As the reactor empties the rotating vanes descend into the reactor in order to facilitate the exit of the soap paste in its entirety or almost all.

 When cooled, the soap rod obtained is then cut automatically according to conventional methods.

 The soaps obtained can contain up to 9% glycerin, but most often 7% depending on the fat. Production yields and emollient properties are all the more interesting. Without waste, cold saponification according to the invention requires very precise dosages of reagents, in particular alkali.

 The process according to the invention reduces the handling and the material equipment of the soap maker, but also the energy expenditure. The emollient properties of the finished product are effective thanks to the glycerin level greater than 5%.

 Without waste, the performance of the soap is optimal, its production limits wastage and best respects the environment.

 The method according to the invention makes it possible to shape soap while optimizing the quality / cost price ratio.

Claims (4)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S  1) Process of semi-automatic saponification of pure vegetable oils making it possible to obtain a pure soap containing more than 5 "ae glycerine and devoid of secondary waste, characterized in that the oils used are pre @ nauffe at a temperature of of the order of 50 ° C., in a closed reactor equipped with stirring means, then the appropriate reagents and adjuvants are incorporated, the reaction self-catalyzing without any other heat supply, then the reaction completed, the temperature is maintained at approximately 80 C to maintain a sufficient viscosity, then gradually emptying while refrigerating at less than 500C by circulating water the paste this soap obtained so that it solidifies and constitutes the rod of soap which is then cut to desired dimensions.

 2) salon saponification process 13 claim 1 characterized in that the reagents, dyes, crieras and perfumes. immediately after preheating.  3) Saconification process according to any one of the claims, characterized in that the agitation of the components is ensured by a paddle stirrer rotating at a maximum of 1200 revolutions / minute but generally less than 800 revolutions / minute depending on the fatty substances.  4) A method of saponification according to any claim characterized in that at the end of the reaction the blades are mounted towards the top of the tank, then progressively lowered towards the bottom of the tank during emptying.