FR2718843A1 - Manufacturing procedure for outer shell of fragmentation weapon - Google Patents

Manufacturing procedure for outer shell of fragmentation weapon Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2718843A1
FR2718843A1 FR9404426A FR9404426A FR2718843A1 FR 2718843 A1 FR2718843 A1 FR 2718843A1 FR 9404426 A FR9404426 A FR 9404426A FR 9404426 A FR9404426 A FR 9404426A FR 2718843 A1 FR2718843 A1 FR 2718843A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
weakened
lines
envelope
paint
steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR9404426A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Sassier Pierre-Henri
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to FR9404426A priority Critical patent/FR2718843A1/en
Publication of FR2718843A1 publication Critical patent/FR2718843A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/16—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for explosive shells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Abstract

The procedure consists of assembling and welding together two steel hemispheres (1, 2) along an equatorial line, applying a masking coating of a heat-resistant paint locally to the outer surface of the shell and then subjecting it to a thermal treatment such as nitridation along the lines (13) between the areas of paint to make the steel harder and more fragile for fragmentation. The fragmentation lines are made in the form of small hexagons, squares or polygons, and in variants of the procedure the nitridation can be replaced by other treatments which have the same effect.

Description

Les munitions antipersonnel les couramment appelées grenades utilisées de nos jours sont généralement constituées par des enveloppes métalliques fermées ou des enveloppes formées par un assemblage d'éléments métalliques préalablement préfragmentés sous des formes diverses, citons à titre d'exemple les plaques usinées puis déformées, les rondelles usinées, les ressorts ou de la grenaille assemblée avec un liant. L'enveloppe fermée contient un explosif qui est initié par un système pyrotechnique appelé bouchon allumeur qui provoque la détonation de l'explosif de la grenade lors de son utilisation. The anti-personnel munitions commonly called grenades used today are generally constituted by closed metallic envelopes or envelopes formed by an assembly of metallic elements previously prefragmented in various forms, let us quote by example the plates machined then deformed, machined washers, springs or shot assembled with a binder. The closed envelope contains an explosive which is initiated by a pyrotechnic system called an igniter plug which causes the detonation of the explosive of the grenade during its use.

La figure 1 représente une forme de réalisation de l'invention. La figure 2 représente un arrangement possible des zones de modification de la structure du métal. La figure 3 représente une coupe agrandie de la structure du métal. La figure 4 représente une forme de l'invention revêtue de son épargne de peinture avant traitement thermique. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 represents a possible arrangement of the zones of modification of the structure of the metal. Figure 3 shows an enlarged section of the metal structure. Figure 4 shows a form of the invention coated with its paint savings before heat treatment.

L'invention concerne le procédé de réalisation de l'enveloppe d'une grenade par assemblage par soudure de 2 demi corps ayant des formes proches de demi sphères, l'enveloppe ainsi obtenue subit des traitements métallurgiques très localisés suivant des lignes de fragilisation qui modifient ponctuellement la structure de l'enveloppe pour la rendre plus cassante. A l'explosion il y a rupture de l'enveloppe le long des lignes du traitement métallurgique, les lignes de rupture suivent les lignes de traitement métallurgique et si elles sont judicieusement disposées, l'explosion génère un grand nombre de fragments métalliques qui ont sensiblement les mêmes masses et les mêmes formes. The invention relates to the process for producing the shell of a grenade by assembling by welding 2 half bodies having shapes close to half spheres, the shell thus obtained undergoes very localized metallurgical treatments along lines of embrittlement which modify punctually the structure of the envelope to make it more brittle. At the explosion there is a rupture of the envelope along the lines of the metallurgical treatment, the rupture lines follow the lines of metallurgical treatment and if they are judiciously arranged, the explosion generates a large number of metal fragments which have substantially the same masses and the same shapes.

L'enveloppe objet de la présente invention est constituée par deux demi coquilles (1) et (2) assemblées par soudure le long de la ligne équatoriale (5) et présentant généralement les ouvertures (3) et (4) aux sommets de chaque demi-coquille tel que représenté à la figure 1. Les demi coquilles sont en acier au carbone d'épaisseur sensiblement constante. The envelope object of the present invention consists of two half shells (1) and (2) assembled by welding along the equatorial line (5) and generally having the openings (3) and (4) at the tops of each half -shell as shown in Figure 1. The half shells are made of carbon steel of substantially constant thickness.

Le procédé de réalisation consiste à fabriquer un masque à peinture ayant une forme proche de celle représentée à la figure 2 et comprenant des ouvertures (7) et un élément d'assemblage (6) qui peut être du fil ou une plaque mince découpée en papier par exemple. Le masque est appliqué sur la totalité de la surface extérieure de l'enveloppe et une couche de peinture (8) est appliquée après pose du masque, il y a dépôt de peinture sur l'ensemble de la surface de l'enveloppe sauf le long des lignes de l'élément d'assemblage (6) du masque. Après application de la couche de peinture le masque à peinture est enlevé et il reste des zones (11) peintes et des zones (12) épargnées. The production method consists in manufacturing a paint mask having a shape close to that shown in FIG. 2 and comprising openings (7) and an assembly element (6) which can be wire or a thin plate cut out of paper. for example. The mask is applied to the entire outer surface of the envelope and a layer of paint (8) is applied after applying the mask, there is paint deposition on the entire surface of the envelope except along lines of the assembly element (6) of the mask. After application of the paint layer the paint mask is removed and there are areas (11) painted and areas (12) spared.

La peinture (8) déposée a été choisie pour résister aux températures du traitement thermique. L'enveloppe telle que représentée à la figure 4 est soumise à un traitement thermique de type nitruration gazeuse sur sa surface extérieure qui a pour objet de modifier localement la stucture de l'acier au carbone en contact avec l'additif chimique du traitement thermique et de la rendre localement plus dure et plus fragile. Il y a ainsi un réseau de matière plus dure et plus fragile qui se trouve le long des zones (12) d'épargne de peinture. Tout autre type de traitement thermique par circulation de gaz à haute température qui permet de rendre localement l'acier plus dur et plus fragile dans les zones d'épargne peut-être utilisé. The paint (8) deposited was chosen to withstand the temperatures of the heat treatment. The envelope as shown in FIG. 4 is subjected to a heat treatment of the gaseous nitriding type on its external surface which has the object of locally modifying the structure of the carbon steel in contact with the chemical additive of the heat treatment and to make it locally harder and more fragile. There is thus a network of harder and more fragile material which is found along the paint saving zones (12). Any other type of heat treatment by circulation of gas at high temperature which makes it possible to locally make the steel harder and more fragile in the sparing areas may be used.

La figure 3 représente une coupe de l'enveloppe après traitement thermique, l'effet du traitement s'étant diffusé dans la zone (9), la zone (10) n'étant pas sous l'influence du traitement thermique car elle est protégée par la couche (8) de peinture. FIG. 3 represents a section of the envelope after heat treatment, the effect of the treatment having diffused in the zone (9), the zone (10) not being under the influence of the heat treatment because it is protected by the layer (8) of paint.

Après traitement thermique et décapage de la peinture résiduelle, l'enveloppe finie se présente sous la forme d'une pseudo sphère comme représentée à la figure 1 qui présente deux ouvertures (3) et (4), une ligne d'assemblage par soudure (5) des deux demi-sphères (1) et (2) et un réseau (13) continu de matière dure et cassante. After heat treatment and stripping of the residual paint, the finished envelope is in the form of a pseudo sphere as shown in Figure 1 which has two openings (3) and (4), an assembly line by welding ( 5) two half-spheres (1) and (2) and a continuous network (13) of hard and brittle material.

En utilisant le procédé objet de la présente invention, le réseau (13) de matière dure et cassante peut former une succession de petits hexagones ou ou de petits quadrilatères, la largeur moyenne des figures ainsi formées étant proche de l'épaisseur de l'enveloppe métallique. By using the process which is the subject of the present invention, the network (13) of hard and brittle material can form a succession of small hexagons or or small quadrilaterals, the average width of the figures thus formed being close to the thickness of the envelope. metallic.

Le comportement de l'enveloppe objet de l'invention lors de la mise à feu de la grenade est le suivant:
A l'instant de l'explosion il y a une brusque augmentation de pression à l'intérieur du volume (14) de l'enveloppe. Cette explosion et l'augmentation brusque de pression en découlant provoquent la rupture de l'enveloppe en suivant les lignes du réseau (13) de matière dure et cassante. La séparation définitive des éclats se fait sous l'action de mouvements relatifs des éclats entre eux.Il se forme un grand nombre d'éclats qui ont une forme proche de la forme (7) qui est la forme de l'épargne du traitement thermique. Les éclats formés sont projetés sous l'effet de l'explosion et du souffle de l'explosion à grande vitesse dans une direction formée par le centre de l'enveloppe et la position de l'éclat au moment de l'explosion, la multiplicité des éclats permet des effets multidirectionnels. The behavior of the envelope object of the invention during the firing of the grenade is as follows:
At the time of the explosion there is a sudden increase in pressure inside the volume (14) of the envelope. This explosion and the sudden increase in pressure resulting therefrom causes the envelope to rupture along the lines of the network (13) of hard and brittle material. The final separation of the flakes is effected by the relative movements of the flakes between them. A large number of flakes are formed which have a shape close to the shape (7) which is the form of the heat treatment savings. . The bursts formed are projected under the effect of the explosion and of the blast of the explosion at high speed in a direction formed by the center of the envelope and the position of the burst at the time of the explosion, the multiplicity splinters allow multidirectional effects.

L'enveloppe objet de l'invention est destinée à la fabrication de grenades à main mais peut également servir à l'élaboration d'autres munitions anti-personnelles en particulier des obus, des sous-munitions pour obus, des grenades à fusil et généralement à toutes les munitions anti-personnelles explosives.  The envelope object of the invention is intended for the manufacture of hand grenades but can also be used for the development of other anti-personal ammunition in particular shells, submunitions for shells, rifle grenades and generally all explosive anti-personnel munitions.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS 1)Procédé de fabrication d'une enveloppe fragilisée obtenue à partir de l'assemblage et du soudage de deux hémisphères en acier, qui est partiellement protégée en surface par application locale à l'aide d'un masque d'une peinture résistant aux hautes températures et qui subit un traitement thermique de type nitruration le long de lignes (13) épargnées par la peinture, ce qui a pour effet de rendre l'acier plus dur et plus fragile le long des lignes (13). 1) Method for manufacturing a weakened envelope obtained from the assembly and welding of two steel hemispheres, which is partially protected on the surface by local application using a mask of a paint resistant to high temperatures and which undergoes a nitriding type heat treatment along lines (13) spared from the paint, which has the effect of making the steel harder and more fragile along the lines (13). 2)Procédé de fabrication d'une enveloppe fragilisée suivant revendication 1 remarquable dans le fait que les lignes fragilisées (13) forment des petits hexagones, des petits quadrilatères ou des petits polygones. 2) A method of manufacturing a weakened envelope according to claim 1 remarkable in that the weakened lines (13) form small hexagons, small quadrilaterals or small polygons. 3)Procédé de fabrication suivant revendication 1 dans lequel le traitement thermique de type nitruration est remplacé par tout autre type de traitement permettant d'augmenter localement la dureté et la fragilité de l'acier. 3) Manufacturing method according to claim 1 wherein the nitriding type heat treatment is replaced by any other type of treatment making it possible to locally increase the hardness and brittleness of the steel. 4)Utilisation d'une enveloppe fragilisée suivant revendications 1 à 3 pour constituer une munition de type grenade à main. 4) Use of a weakened envelope according to claims 1 to 3 to constitute a hand grenade type ammunition. 5)Utilisation d'une enveloppe fragilisée suivant revendications 1 à 3 pour constituer une munition anti-personnelle multidirectionnelle de type obus ou grenade à fusil.  5) Use of a weakened envelope according to claims 1 to 3 to constitute a multidirectional anti-personal ammunition of the shell or rifle grenade type.
FR9404426A 1994-04-14 1994-04-14 Manufacturing procedure for outer shell of fragmentation weapon Pending FR2718843A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9404426A FR2718843A1 (en) 1994-04-14 1994-04-14 Manufacturing procedure for outer shell of fragmentation weapon

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9404426A FR2718843A1 (en) 1994-04-14 1994-04-14 Manufacturing procedure for outer shell of fragmentation weapon

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FR2718843A1 true FR2718843A1 (en) 1995-10-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017168146A1 (en) * 2016-03-29 2017-10-05 U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of creating a fragmentation pattern on a warhead

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR863841A (en) * 1939-10-16 1941-04-10 Process for treating shells or other projectiles, with a view to their fragmentation during the explosion
FR1243555A (en) * 1958-11-22 1960-10-14 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Protective mass which can be used in particular for locally protecting steel parts during the carburizing treatment with a gas or with the aid of powdery materials
FR1437944A (en) * 1964-06-30 1966-05-06 Ibm Ductile case-hardened steel
US3791881A (en) * 1972-03-02 1974-02-12 Us Navy Annealing treatment for controlling warhead fragmentation size distribution
DE3048453A1 (en) * 1980-12-22 1982-08-19 Rolf Prof. Dr.-Ing. 5650 Solingen Seybold Mfg. steel prods. esp. plates, with high strength and toughness - by selective carburising and quenching specific surface zones of prod.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR863841A (en) * 1939-10-16 1941-04-10 Process for treating shells or other projectiles, with a view to their fragmentation during the explosion
FR1243555A (en) * 1958-11-22 1960-10-14 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Protective mass which can be used in particular for locally protecting steel parts during the carburizing treatment with a gas or with the aid of powdery materials
FR1437944A (en) * 1964-06-30 1966-05-06 Ibm Ductile case-hardened steel
US3791881A (en) * 1972-03-02 1974-02-12 Us Navy Annealing treatment for controlling warhead fragmentation size distribution
DE3048453A1 (en) * 1980-12-22 1982-08-19 Rolf Prof. Dr.-Ing. 5650 Solingen Seybold Mfg. steel prods. esp. plates, with high strength and toughness - by selective carburising and quenching specific surface zones of prod.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017168146A1 (en) * 2016-03-29 2017-10-05 U.S. Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of creating a fragmentation pattern on a warhead
GB2563770A (en) * 2016-03-29 2018-12-26 Us Gov Sec Army Method of creating a fragmentation pattern on a warhead
US10416564B1 (en) 2016-03-29 2019-09-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Lithographic fragmentation technology

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