FR2714591A1 - Lumbar-sacral prosthetic implant for use in treatment of scoliosis or degenerative diseases - Google Patents

Lumbar-sacral prosthetic implant for use in treatment of scoliosis or degenerative diseases Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2714591A1
FR2714591A1 FR9400336A FR9400336A FR2714591A1 FR 2714591 A1 FR2714591 A1 FR 2714591A1 FR 9400336 A FR9400336 A FR 9400336A FR 9400336 A FR9400336 A FR 9400336A FR 2714591 A1 FR2714591 A1 FR 2714591A1
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Prior art keywords
branches
element according
nest
support
lob
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French (fr)
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FR2714591B1 (en
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Pr Senegas Jacques
Pointillard Dr Vincent
Pr Vital J Marc
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Euros SAS
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Euros SAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7055—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant connected to sacrum, pelvis or skull

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

The implant consists of a body (1) which is shaped to fit the sagittal curvature of the lower spine, and equipped with fixing lugs (1d,1e) at its lower end to be connected to the sacrum. The body of the implant has two more or less parallel side branches (1a,1b), connected at one end by a common transverse member (1c) in the shape of an arc to bridge the lumbar vertebrae, while the side branches are fitted in a lengthwise direction and have cranked end sections (1f,1g) before the lugs. The latter are in the form of pierced plates, each with two holes angled in different directions. Apart from the lugs, the implant is made from round-section rod.

Description

Elément Drothétiaue pour l'articulation lombosacrée. Drothetial element for the lumbosacral joint.

L'invention se rattache au secteur technique des implants chirurgicaux dans le domaine du rachis. The invention relates to the technical sector of surgical implants in the field of the spine.

Plus particulièrement, le problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est d'assurer la fixation interne pour une arthrodèse lom bo-sacrée.  More particularly, the problem which the invention proposes to solve is to ensure internal fixation for a lomosacral arthrodesis.

De telles fixations apparaissent nécessaires dans le cas notamment de grandes déformations, telles que les scolioses lombaires, ainsi que dans le cas de fixations plus réduites, telles que les pathologies dégénératives, les spondylolisthésis qui sont, dans ce cas, limitées soit au niveau de la 5ème vertèbre lombaire L5 et du sacrum, de façon isolée soit, aux deux derniers niveaux de vertèbres lombaires. Such fixations appear necessary in the case in particular of large deformations, such as lumbar scoliosis, as well as in the case of more reduced fixations, such as degenerative pathologies, spondylolisthesis which are, in this case, limited either at the level of the 5th lumbar vertebra L5 and sacrum, in isolation either, at the last two levels of lumbar vertebrae.

Pour assurer ces différentes fonctions, I'élément prothétique doit permettre un ancrage très solide au niveau des ailerons, à savoir les apophyses transverses, et du corps du sacrum, pour faire face aux contraintes considérables qui s'exercent, en flexion, à ce niveau particulier de la colonne vertébrale. To ensure these various functions, the prosthetic element must allow a very solid anchoring at the level of the ailerons, namely the transverse processes, and of the body of the sacrum, to cope with the considerable stresses which are exerted, in bending, at this level particular of the spine.

En outre, il est nécessaire que la fixation susjacente ne compromette pas la fonction du système articulaire postérieur au dessus de l'arthrodèse lombo-sacrée. In addition, it is necessary that the overlying fixation does not compromise the function of the posterior articular system above the lumbosacral arthrodesis.

Les éléments prothétiques actuellement utilisés ne permettent pas de remplir, d'une manière satisfaisante, ces différentes fonctions ou sont d'une conception technologiques relativement complexe et de mise en oeuvre délicate.  The prosthetic elements currently used do not make it possible to satisfactorily fulfill these various functions or are of a relatively complex technological design and of delicate implementation.

Le problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est d'assurer une fixation sacrée peu encombrante et d'assurer une fixation sub-lamaire, sûre et efficace, conformée par ailleurs, pour éviter toute lésion des systèmes articulaires postérieurs. The problem which the invention proposes to solve is to ensure a space-saving sacred fixation and to ensure a sub-lamar fixation, safe and effective, conformed moreover, to avoid any lesion of the posterior articular systems.

Dans ce but, il a été conçu et mis au point un élément prothétique pour l'articulation lombo-sacrée qui comprend un corps dont le profil longitudinal et en section est conformé pour s'adapter à la courbure sagittale de la colonne vertébrale en étant apte à permettre la solidarisation des vertèbres au moyen notamment de ligatures, ledit corps présentant à l'une de ses extrémités, des parties d'appui et de fixation aptes à coopérer avec la région du sacrum. To this end, a prosthetic element has been designed and developed for the lumbosacral joint which comprises a body whose longitudinal profile and in section is shaped to adapt to the sagittal curvature of the spine while being suitable to allow the vertebrae to join together, in particular by means of ligatures, said body having at one of its ends, support and fixing parts capable of cooperating with the region of the sacrum.

Pour résoudre le problème posé de s'adapter à la courbure sagittale de colonne vertébrale et de respecter les épineuses, tout en ayant pour objectif de pouvoir solidariser les vertèbres, le corps comprend deux branches profilées très sensiblement parallèles réunies à l'une de leur extrémité par une branche transversale commune profilée en arc de cercle pour chevaucher les vertèbres lombaires, permettant ainsi l'accrochage des ligatures. To solve the problem of adapting to the sagittal curvature of the spine and respecting the spines, while having the objective of being able to join the vertebrae, the body comprises two very substantially parallel profiled branches joined at one of their ends. by a common transverse branch profiled in an arc to overlap the lumbar vertebrae, thus allowing the attachment of ligatures.

Les branches parallèles sont centrées dans le sens longitudinal en direction du haut. The parallel branches are centered in the longitudinal direction towards the top.

Pour résoudre le problème posé d'assurer la fixation au niveau du sacrum, les parties d'appui et de fixation sont raccordées aux branches parallèles par une forme évasée, de sorte que l'entraxe desdites parties est supérieure à l'entraxe desdites branches. To solve the problem of securing at the sacrum, the support and fixing parts are connected to the parallel branches by a flared shape, so that the center distance of said parts is greater than the center distance of said branches.

Les parties d'apui et de fixation sont constituées par des plaques percées, chacune d'au moins un orifice pour le passage de vis de fixation. The support and fixing parts consist of perforated plates, each of at least one orifice for the passage of fixing screws.

Avantageusement, chaque plaque présente deux trous orientés selon deux directions opposées pour donner à chacune des vis,
I'orientation angulaire souhaitée.Advantageously, each plate has two holes oriented in two opposite directions to give each of the screws,
The desired angular orientation.

L'invention est exposée, ci-après plus en détail à l'aide des dessins annexés, dans lesquels:
La figure 1 est une vue en perspective de l'élément prothétique.The invention is set out below in more detail using the appended drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the prosthetic element.

La figure 2 est une vue de profil de l'élément. Figure 2 is a side view of the element.

La figure 3 est une vue de côté correspondant à la figure 2. FIG. 3 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 2.

La figure 4 est une vue en plan correspondant à la figure 2. FIG. 4 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 2.

La figure 5 est une vue montrant la fixation de l'implant prothétique au niveau du sacrum et des vertèbres lombaires. Figure 5 is a view showing the attachment of the prosthetic implant at the sacrum and lumbar vertebrae.

Comme le montre la figure 1, I'élément prothétique comprend un corps (1) dont le profil longitudinal et en section est déterminé pour s'adapter à la courbure sagitalle de la colonne vertébrale. Dans ce but, le corps (1) présente deux branches profilées très sensiblement parallèles (la) et (lob) réunies à l'une de leurs extrémités, par une branche transversale commune (il). La branche (1c) est profilée en arc de cercle pour chevaucher une partie des vertèbres, notamment au niveau des apophyses épineuses.  As shown in FIG. 1, the prosthetic element comprises a body (1) whose longitudinal profile and in section is determined to adapt to the sagital curvature of the spine. For this purpose, the body (1) has two very substantially parallel profiled branches (la) and (lob) joined at one of their ends, by a common transverse branch (it). The branch (1c) is profiled in an arc to overlap a part of the vertebrae, in particular at the level of the spinous processes.

Les extrémités libres des branches (1a) et (1 b) présentent des parties d'appui et de fixation (nid) et (le) aptes à coopérer avec la région du sacrum. Les branches parallèles (la) et (lob) sont cintrées dans le sens longitudinal en présentant une concavité dirigée vers le haut. The free ends of the branches (1a) and (1b) have support and fixing parts (nest) and (le) capable of cooperating with the sacrum region. The parallel branches (la) and (lob) are bent in the longitudinal direction with a concavity directed upwards.

Les parties d'appui et de fixation (nid) et (le) sont raccordées aux branches (la) et (1b), par une forme évasée (1f) (1g). Dans ces conditions, I'entraxe des parties d'appui et de fixation (nid) et (le) est supérieure à l'entraxe des branches (la) et (1b). Les parties d'appui et de fixation (nid) et (le) sont constituées par des plaques percées chacune de deux trous orientés (ide) (1d2) et (lel) (1e2). Ces trous permettent le passage de vis de fixation (2) avec la possibilité de les orienter angulairement. The support and fixing parts (nest) and (le) are connected to the branches (la) and (1b), by a flared shape (1f) (1g). Under these conditions, the distance between the support and fixing parts (nest) and (le) is greater than the distance between the branches (la) and (1b). The support and fixing parts (nest) and (le) consist of plates each pierced with two oriented holes (ide) (1d2) and (lel) (1e2). These holes allow the passage of fixing screws (2) with the possibility of orienting them angularly.

Les différents éléments constitutifs du corps (1), à savoir les branches (la) (lob) (1c) et les parties de raccordement (1f) (1g) sont de section transversale ronde. The various constituent elements of the body (1), namely the branches (la) (lob) (1c) and the connecting parts (1f) (1g) are of round cross section.

La figure 5 montre l'utilisation de l'élément prothétique selon l'invention. Les plaques d'appui (nid) et (le) sont fixées au moyen des vis (2) sur le sacrum (S). L'ensemble du corps (1), compte-tenu du profil des branches (la) et (lob) s'adapte à la courbure sagittale de la colonne vertébrale. Notamment, les branches (la) et (1 b) sont disposées au dessus des apophyses transverses, tandis que la branche (lc) chevauche l'apophyse épineuse de la vertèbre correspondante. Figure 5 shows the use of the prosthetic element according to the invention. The support plates (nest) and (le) are fixed by means of screws (2) on the sacrum (S). The whole body (1), taking into account the profile of the branches (la) and (lob) adapts to the sagittal curvature of the spine. In particular, the branches (la) and (1b) are arranged above the transverse processes, while the branch (lc) straddles the spinous process of the corresponding vertebra.

Les vertèbres (L5) (L4) (L3) ... sont reliées au corps (1) au moyen de ligatures. Plus particulièrement, ces ligatures, de tout type connu et approprié, assurent l'accouplement des vertèbres au niveau de leurs apophyses transverses et des branches (la) et (1b).  The vertebrae (L5) (L4) (L3) ... are connected to the body (1) by means of ligatures. More particularly, these ligatures, of any known and appropriate type, ensure the coupling of the vertebrae at their transverse processes and of the branches (la) and (1b).

Les avantages ressortent bien de la description, en particulier on souligne et on rappelle:
- I'ancrage très solide au niveau des apophyses transverses et du corps du sacrum, pour tenir compte des contraintes de flexion importante à ce niveau de la colonne vertébrale,
- la fixation sus-jacente qui ne compromet pas la fonction du système articulaire postérieur, évitant ainsi toute lésion.The advantages clearly emerge from the description, in particular it is emphasized and recalled:
The very solid anchoring at the level of the transverse processes and of the body of the sacrum, to take account of the significant flexion stresses at this level of the spine,
- the overlying fixation which does not compromise the function of the posterior articular system, thus avoiding any injury.

- la double fixation par vis, au niveau du sacrum.  - double screw fixing, at the sacrum.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATIONS -1- Elément prothétique pour l'articulation lombo-sacrée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un corps (1) dont le profil longitudinal et en section est conformé pour s'adapter à la courbure sagittale de la colonne vertébrale en étant apte à permettre la solidarisation des vertèbres au moyen notamment de ligatures. ledit corps présentant à l'une de ses extrémités, des parties d'appui et de fixation (nid) (le) aptes à coopérer avec la région du sacrum (S). CLAIMS -1- Prosthetic element for the lumbosacral joint, characterized in that it comprises a body (1) whose longitudinal profile and in section is shaped to adapt to the sagittal curvature of the vertebral column while being able to allow the vertebrae to join together, in particular by means of ligatures. said body having at one of its ends, support and fixing parts (nest) (le) capable of cooperating with the sacral region (S). -2- Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) comprend deux branches profilées très sensiblement parallèles (la) (lob) réunies à l'une de leur extrémité par une branche transversale commune (tic) profilée en arc de cercle pour chevaucher les vertèbres lombaires, permettant ainsi l'accrochage des ligatures.-2- Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the body (1) comprises two very substantially parallel profiled branches (la) (lob) joined at one of their ends by a common transverse branch (tic) profiled in an arc of circle to overlap the lumbar vertebrae, thus allowing the attachment of ligatures. -3- Elément selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les branches parallèles (la) (1 b) sont centrées dans le sens longitudinal en direction du haut.-3- Element according to claim 2, characterized in that the parallel branches (la) (1b) are centered in the longitudinal direction towards the top. -4- Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les parties d'appui et de fixation (nid) (le) sont raccordées aux branches parallèles (la) (lob) par une forme évasée (if) (in), de sorte que l'entraxe desdites parties est supérieure à l'entraxe desdites branches.-4- Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the support and fixing parts (nest) (the) are connected to the parallel branches (la) (lob) by a flared shape (if) (in), of so that the center distance of said parts is greater than the center distance of said branches. -5- Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les parties d'apui et de fixation (nid) (le) sont constituées par des plaques percées, chacune d'au moins un orifice pour le passage de vis de fixation (2).-5- Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the support and fixing parts (nest) (the) consist of perforated plates, each of at least one orifice for the passage of fixing screws (2 ). -6- Elément selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque plaque (1d) (le) présente deux trous orientés selon deux directions opposées pour donner à chacune des vis (2), l'orientation angulaire souhaitée.-6- Element according to claim 5, characterized in that each plate (1d) (the) has two holes oriented in two opposite directions to give each of the screws (2), the desired angular orientation. -7- Elément selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les branches (la) (lob) (lc) (if) (lg) sont de section transversale ronde. -7- Element according to claim 2, characterized in that the branches (la) (lob) (lc) (if) (lg) are of round cross section.
FR9400336A 1994-01-06 1994-01-06 Prosthetic element for the lumbosacral joint. Expired - Fee Related FR2714591B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9400336A FR2714591B1 (en) 1994-01-06 1994-01-06 Prosthetic element for the lumbosacral joint.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9400336A FR2714591B1 (en) 1994-01-06 1994-01-06 Prosthetic element for the lumbosacral joint.

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FR2714591A1 true FR2714591A1 (en) 1995-07-07
FR2714591B1 FR2714591B1 (en) 1996-03-01

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2858929A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-02-25 Spine Next Sa Intervertebral implant for lumbar-sacral joint, consists of wedge fitted between fifth lumbar and first sacrum vertebrae and having perpendicular groove and recess in upper and lower surfaces respectively
FR2884135A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-13 Abbott Spine Sa INTERVERTEBRAL IMPLANT FOR LOMBO-SACRED JOINT
WO2008051423A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-05-02 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment
US7458981B2 (en) 2004-03-09 2008-12-02 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Spinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexion
US7591837B2 (en) * 2003-10-28 2009-09-22 Pyramid Spine, Llc Facet triangle spinal fixation device and method of use
US8403964B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2013-03-26 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness and constraining the spreading of a spinal segment
US8454660B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2013-06-04 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes
US8790372B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2014-07-29 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segments
US9107706B2 (en) 2009-03-10 2015-08-18 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use
ES2712653A1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-14 Benlloch Juan Antonio Martin Sacral prosthesis (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8187307B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2012-05-29 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Structures and methods for constraining spinal processes with single connector
CN101715323A (en) 2007-06-22 2010-05-26 西普瑞卡-斯宾尼公司 Methods and devices for controlled flexion restriction of spinal segments
US8187305B2 (en) 2008-06-06 2012-05-29 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and apparatus for deploying spinous process constraints
JP5466229B2 (en) 2008-06-06 2014-04-09 シンピリカ・スパイン・インコーポレーテッド Method and apparatus for securing a band
WO2010104975A1 (en) 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use
WO2010104935A1 (en) 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use
US8668719B2 (en) 2009-03-30 2014-03-11 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and apparatus for improving shear loading capacity of a spinal segment

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EP0146347A2 (en) * 1983-12-15 1985-06-26 A.W.Showell (Surgicraft) Limited Devices for spinal fixation
WO1988006024A1 (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-08-25 Codespi Corporation Correcting device for spine pathology
US5030220A (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-07-09 Advanced Spine Fixation Systems Incorporated Spine fixation system
EP0553042A1 (en) * 1992-01-23 1993-07-28 EUROS Société Anonyme Support assembly, particularly for the lumbo-sacral joint

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EP0146347A2 (en) * 1983-12-15 1985-06-26 A.W.Showell (Surgicraft) Limited Devices for spinal fixation
WO1988006024A1 (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-08-25 Codespi Corporation Correcting device for spine pathology
US5030220A (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-07-09 Advanced Spine Fixation Systems Incorporated Spine fixation system
EP0553042A1 (en) * 1992-01-23 1993-07-28 EUROS Société Anonyme Support assembly, particularly for the lumbo-sacral joint

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005020860A2 (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-03-10 Abbott Spine Intervertebral implant for the lumbosacral articulation
WO2005020860A3 (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-05-19 Spine Next Sa Intervertebral implant for the lumbosacral articulation
FR2858929A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-02-25 Spine Next Sa Intervertebral implant for lumbar-sacral joint, consists of wedge fitted between fifth lumbar and first sacrum vertebrae and having perpendicular groove and recess in upper and lower surfaces respectively
US8236056B2 (en) 2003-08-21 2012-08-07 Zimmer Spine Intervertebral implant for the lumbrosacral articulation
US7704281B2 (en) 2003-08-21 2010-04-27 Zimmer Spine Intervertebral implant for the lumbosacral articulation
US7591837B2 (en) * 2003-10-28 2009-09-22 Pyramid Spine, Llc Facet triangle spinal fixation device and method of use
US8486110B2 (en) 2004-03-09 2013-07-16 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Spinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexion
US7458981B2 (en) 2004-03-09 2008-12-02 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Spinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexion
US10080589B2 (en) 2004-03-09 2018-09-25 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment
US9149304B2 (en) 2004-03-09 2015-10-06 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Sanford Junior University Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment
US8105363B2 (en) 2004-03-09 2012-01-31 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Spinal implant and method for restricting spinal flexion
FR2884135A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-13 Abbott Spine Sa INTERVERTEBRAL IMPLANT FOR LOMBO-SACRED JOINT
WO2006106268A3 (en) * 2005-04-07 2007-02-01 Abbott Spine Intervertebral implant for lumbrosacral joint
US8128664B2 (en) 2005-04-07 2012-03-06 Zimmer Spine Intervertebral implant for lumbosacral joint
AU2006231080B2 (en) * 2005-04-07 2011-03-10 Zimmer Spine Intervertebral implant for lumbrosacral joint
US8454660B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2013-06-04 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes
US8790372B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2014-07-29 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segments
US9295499B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2016-03-29 Empirical Spine, Inc. Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes
WO2008051423A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-05-02 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment
US8403964B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2013-03-26 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness and constraining the spreading of a spinal segment
US9107706B2 (en) 2009-03-10 2015-08-18 Simpirica Spine, Inc. Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use
US10314623B2 (en) 2009-03-10 2019-06-11 Empirical Spine, Inc. Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use
ES2712653A1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-14 Benlloch Juan Antonio Martin Sacral prosthesis (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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