FR2687874A1 - RADIOTELEPHONE APPARATUS OPERATING IN A DUAL, CORDLESS AND CELLULAR SYSTEM, AND ITS OPERATING METHOD. - Google Patents

Abstract

A cellular cordless telephone (101) has a first mode of operation for making and receiving cellular telephone calls via a cellular telephone system (103) and a second mode of operation for making and receiving cordless telephone calls on a cellular radio channel used by a cordless base station (115). The cellular cordless telephone (101) automatically selects either the first mode or the second mode and receives from the cellular system (103) when operating in both the first mode and the second mode. The cellular cordless telephone (101) transmits in the cellular system (103) with an output power having a predetemined set of power magnitude steps when operating in the first mode and transmits on a cellular radio channel to the cordless base station (115) with a power level selected to be no greater than the lowest step of power magnitude of said predetermined set of power when operating in the second mode.

Description

 The present invention relates generally to portable telephones and, more particularly, to an improved portable telephone which can receive calls both in a cordless telephone system and in a cellular telephone system. More particularly, the invention relates to a radiotelephone apparatus operating in a dual system, cordless and cellular, and its operating method. .

 A cordless telephone system typically includes a cordless handset and a base station connected by a land line to the public telephone network or to a telephone company (TELCO). The base unit, which is not connected to the handset by a cord, is assigned a landline number that allows the user to make and receive calls using the cordless handset at within reduced distance limits of the base station, for example within the limits of its home. However, due to its limited range of use, the cordless portable handset only provides the user with rather local radiotelephone communications.

A telecommunications-radiotelephone service extending outside the range of the cordless telephone system may also be provided to the user via a cellular telephone system. A cellular telephone system typically includes cellular subscriber units (mobile or portable) and cellular base stations connected to the
TELCO via one or more cellular connection networks. Each cellular subscriber unit is assigned a cellular telephone number, which allows the user to make and receive calls, within the extended range of cellular base stations, for example on the extent of a metropolitan area. However, the cost of using cellular telephone service is much higher than that of cordless telephone service.

There is a problem for users who switch frequently between these respective cordless and cellular telephone systems. An incoming call that has been routed to the system where the user is not placed may be missed. In the past, and in a known manner, telephone companies of the land line and cellular systems have proposed a solution to this problem with the following functions, known under the respective names of "No Answer Transfer" (transfer in the absence of answer) or NAT, "Call
Forwarding "or CF, and" Three Way Calling "or TWC. The NAT function allows the user to program the system so that an incoming call is routed from the cellular telephone system to the cordless telephone system, or vice versa, when the telephone of the called user is not turned on, does not answer, or is out of range of the base unit. Thus, the user can receive an incoming incoming call either the cordless telephone system or the cellular telephone system
There are several problems with using the NAT function.

The user must manually program the system whenever it is necessary to enable or disable the NAT function. Programming a system manually is a tedious task for the user, and neglect or forgetfulness by the user can lead to loss or incorrect routing of incoming calls. The user must also purchase and use special radiotelephone equipment for both the cordless telephone system and the cellular telephone system, which results in greater expense and inconvenience to the user.

 In addition, a portable radio telephone that makes and receives calls in both systems must offer the option of selecting the system in which it is to operate. Automatic selection of the system should be made on the basis of user-friendly parameters. The user should also be able to bypass automatic selection and manually choose a system.

 There is therefore a need for a radiotelephone system which allows the user to receive incoming calls both via a cordless telephone system and a cellular telephone system, without however imposing on the user inconvenience and excessive spending.

 A cordless and cellular telephone has a first mode of operation for making and receiving cellular telephone calls via cellular radio channels of a cellular telephone system and a second mode of operation for making and receiving cordless telephone calls over a cellular radio channel used by a cordless base station. Cordless and cellular phone automatically selects between first and second mode and receives on cellular radio channels when operating in the first mode as well as in second mode. Cordless and cellular phone transmits on channels cellular radios at an output power comprising a predetermined set of power levels when operating in the first mode and transmits on the radiocell channels at a power chosen so as not to exceed the lower power level of said predetermined set when works in the second mode.

The following description, intended to illustrate the invention, aims to give a better understanding of its characteristics and advantages; it is based on the appended drawings, among which:
Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the working configuration of a portable radiotelephone in which it can be made access, by the same portable radiotelephone, to several systems, comprising a cellular system as well as a cordless system;
FIG. 2 is a simplified map which shows the typical arrangement of the service areas of the cordless, microcellular and cellular systems;
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a cordless base station which can employ the invention;
Figure 4 is a block diagram showing a portable radiotelephone which can employ the invention;
FIGS. 5-1 and 5-2 are flowcharts describing the method used by the portable radiotelephone of FIG. 4 when the latter is not involved in a call;
Figure 6-1 is a flowchart describing the method used by the cordless base station of Figure 3 when the portable radio is not involved in a call;
Figure 6-2 is a continuation of the flow diagram of Figure 6-1, describing the process used by the cordless base station of Figure 3 when the portable radio is not involved in a call;
FIGS. 7-1 and 7-2 are flowcharts describing the method used by the portable radiotelephone of FIG. 4 when the latter is involved in a call;
FIG. 8 shows the format of a message train which can be sent from the cordless base station of FIG. 3; ;
Figure 9 is a diagram showing formats of a command message and a channel change message which may be part of the message train format of Figure 8;
FIG. 10 is a time diagram relating to the system exploration method which can be used in the portable radiotelephone of FIG. 4; and
FIGS. 11-1, 11-2 and 11-3 together constitute a flow diagram describing in a simplified manner the method of priority selection of system which can be used in the portable radiotelephone of FIG. 4.

 A general functional diagram of an application of the invention is presented in FIG. 1. A "portable cordless and cellular" radiotelephone (PCC) 101 is shown, which offers the possibility of communicating with a conventional cellular radiotelephone system 103, which has several cellular base stations 105, 107 arranged in geographically separate locations, but positioned so as to provide radiotelephone coverage of a large geographic area. The cellular base stations are coupled to a control terminal 109 which ensures coordination between the various cellular base stations, including the transfer of the equipment, mobile and portable, cellular of the user, and which performs the switching of call and interconnection with the public automatic telephone network (hereinafter referred to as "TELCO") 111.

 The PCC 101 also has the capacity to communicate with a microcellular base station 113, which is a cellular auxiliary element having a lower power and limited capacities, but ensuring the public radiotelephone service of particular areas, such as shopping centers, airports, etc. The microcellular base station 113 is connected to the land line telephone system 111 TELCO, so that calls can be made to the TELCO.

 The PCC 101 also offers the possibility of communicating with a cordless base station 115 and of making radiotelephone calls through it, which ensures the user of the PCC 101 a direct telephone line interconnection with the TELCO 111. As previously noted, the cordless base station 115 and the PCC 101 together provide the limited radio range service which is conventionally known as "cordless telephone service". Such a service has spread everywhere because, conventionally, it uses a small number of radio channels in the high frequency (HF) radio band.

 The user of a radiotelephone is entitled to wait for the radiotelephone service to be accessible everywhere in the territory of the United States of America. and that it be provided at the lowest cost. It is also entitled to expect this radiotelephone service to be provided using a portable unit which is as compact and as inexpensive as possible. The PCC 101 is specially configured to meet this expectation. In addition, the cordless base station 115 is specially designed to provide telephone interconnection with the telephone line of the user's home when the user uses the PCC 101 within the radio range of the cordless base station 115. .

 Figure 2 shows a typical layout of service areas for respective cordless, microcellular and cellular systems. The service area for cordless systems is the smallest and is within that of the microcell system. The microcellular system has intermediate coverage and is located inside the cellular system. The service area of each system can depend on the number of base stations, or posts, of the respective system, the antenna height of each station, or post, base and the power level used by each system, this list being neither exclusive nor limiting. The user of the portable radio can move from one service area to another. The portable radio can move from one system to another depending on its location, accessibility of the systems and preference of the user, this list also not being limiting.

 The service areas of the systems are not limited to the particular arrangement presented in FIG. 2. A service area may be completely separate from another service area or else be in partial overlap with one or more other service areas.

 Conceptually, the cordless base station 115 is a miniaturized cellular system offering a single signaling channel, which transmits outgoing data messages in the same way as a conventional cellular outgoing signaling channel, and which receives service requests from a remote unit, such as a PCC 101. Correct service requests are met by assigning a speech channel (established via the control channel) on the same radio frequency, or a second radio frequency, which PCC 101 is asked to agree to for its telephone call.

 The basic embodiment of a cordless base station is shown in Figure 3. A conventional transmitter 301 and a conventional receiver 303, respectively intended for use in the frequency bands 869 to 894 MHz and 824 to 849 MHz which are used for conventional cellular services are connected to a common antenna 305 via a duplexer 307. The output power of the transmitter 301 is limited to approximately 6 milliwatts, so that interference with other service and other cordless telephone sets are minimized. The frequency of the channel is selected by a frequency synthesizer 309 controlled by a logic unit 311. Inside the logic unit 311, there is a microprocessor 313, for example a microprocessor 68HC11, which can be obtain from Motorola, Inc., or an analogous microprocessor which is coupled to conventional storage devices 315 containing the microprocessor work program, basic identification (BID) and user personalization data , as well as other features. The data received and transmitted are respectively coded and decoded and they circulate between the receiver 303, the transmitter 301 and the microprocessor 313 via a signaling interface device 317. The instructions of the microprocessor are transported and implemented by a device of The interface with the terrestrial telephone line of the user's home is conventionally carried out via a TELCO 321 interface. The electrical supply is conventionally supplied by the sector and a storage battery kept in reserve (all this being described under the power supply 323).

The PCC 101 is a portable radio transceiver, which is shown in the block diagram in Figure 4. A portable radio receiver 401, which is able to receive the frequency band between 869 and 894 MHz, and a portable transmitter 403, which is able to transmit with reduced power (approximately 6 milliwatts in the preferred embodiment) on frequencies between 824 and 849 MHz, are connected to the antenna 405 of the
PCC 101 via a duplexer 407. The particular radio frequency channel to be used by the transmitter 403 and the receiver 401 is determined by the microprocessor 409 and is sent to the frequency synthesizer 441 via the interface 413 The data signals received by the receiver 410 are decoded and applied to the microprocessor 409 by the interface circuit 413, and the data signals to be transmitted by the transmitter 403 are produced by the microprocessor 409 and are formatted by l interface 413 before being emitted by transmitter 403. The operating status of transmitter 403 and receiver 401 is validated or invalidated by interface 413. The interface also controls light emitting diodes 415 and 417 used to indicate to the user which system the
PCC 101 is receiving. The audio devices of the user, the microphone output and the speaker input are controlled by an audio processing circuit 419.

 In the preferred embodiment, the microprocessor 409 is a 68HC11 microprocessor, available from the company Motorola, hic., And performs the necessary processing functions under the control of programs stored in a conventional read-only memory (ROM) 421. The parameters charac PCC 101 specifications are stored in an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) 423 (which can also be stored in an EEPROM incorporated in the microprocessor) and include the allocation number (NAM) necessary for operation in a conventional cellular system and the basic identification (BID) required for operation with the base station without the user's personal cord.

 The transmitter 403 of the PCC 101 offers the possibility of transmitting with the full output power which is necessary for operation in a conventional cellular system. The range of output power levels includes six level groups ranging from a high level, with an output power of about 600 milliwatts, to a low level with an output power of 6 milliwatts.

The use of all six groups is validated when the PCC 101 operates in the cellular mode.

 According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the same PCC 101 is compatible with both the cordless telephone system 113 and the cellular telephone system 103. This possibility is given by the fact that the PCC 101 operates in the telephone system cordless and cell phone system using only cell phone frequencies.

This radiotelephone system offers several desirable advantages to the user. First, the PCC 101, in combination with the cordless base unit 115, can automatically route an incoming call to the telephone system in which the PCC 101 is placed, without any inconvenience to the user. Second, the PCC 101, in combination with the cordless base station 115, can automatically route a current switchover, made with the PCC, between the cordless and cellular telephone systems, when the
PCC 101 switches from one to the other.

 Figures 5-1 and 5-2 are flowcharts describing the method used by the PCC 101 of Figure 4. Figure 6-1 is a flowchart describing the method used by the cordless base station 115 in Figure 3. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the PCC 101 and the cordless base station 115 operate in cooperation, as described in the flowcharts of Figures 5-1, 5-2 and 6-1, respectively, to route a incoming call to the cordless telephone system or cellular telephone system 103, depending on the position of the CCP 101.

Refer to Figure 5-1. The PCC 101 can be in the free state, either in the cellular telephone system 103, as indicated in block 501, or in the cordless telephone system, as indicated in block 503. In these two cases of free state, the PCC 101 is able to receive an incoming call. In the context of this discussion, we will assume that the PCC 101 is free in the cellular telephone system 103, as indicated in block 501. In block 505, the
PCC 101 can decide that it remains free in the cellular telephone system 103, and then returns to block 501, or that it goes into the cordless telephone system, and it then performs an exploration aimed at finding a cordless base station acceptable, as shown in block 507. If this search operation locates an acceptable cordless base station 115, as determined in block 509, the PCC 101 sends a tune message (an attempt made by the
PCC to match the cordless base station) to the cordless base station 115, as shown in block 511. Otherwise, the PCC 101 reverts to the free state in the cellular telephone system, in block 501.

Refer to Figure 6-1. At block 601, the cordless base station 115 normally waits in the free state. Upon receipt of the agreed message in block 603, the cordless base station 115 determines in block 607 whether the PCC 101 is acceptable. If no agreement message is received at block 603, the cordless base station 115 returns in its free state to block 601. If the PCC 101 is acceptable, the cordless base station 115 sends a message d acceptance to PCC 101, as shown in block 605, sends to
PCC 101 has its own landline telephone number, as shown in block 611, and returns in its free state to block 601. If PCC 101 is not accepted by the cordless base unit 115 at block 607, the extension cordless base station 115 sends a rejection message (PCC non-agreement by the cordless base station) to PCC 101, as shown in block 609, and returns to its free state of block 601.

 We return to Figure 5-1. The PCC 101 determines whether the acceptance message (agreement of the PCC) is received, at block 513. If the acceptance message is received, the PCC 101 receives, at block 515, the landline telephone number of the extension cordless base 115. Otherwise, the PCC 101 reverts to its free state in the cellular telephone system 103, at block 501. Thus, the cordless base station 115 was informed of the decision of the CCP 101 to switch to the telephone system cordless, and cordless base station 115 responded by giving CCP 101 its landline telephone number.

 As shown in Figure 5-1, PCC 101 determines whether the user's landline phone number or cell phone number has call routing priority, at block 517. This routing priority calls refers to the preference, by the user, of a system (cellular or land line) to which an incoming call is routed first before being transferred to the second system if the PCC 101 is not placed suitable way. Since the user is accessible both via a cell number and a land line number, it would be advisable to give third parties only one of these telephone numbers so that they can transmit incoming calls to the user, so a single phone number is enough for a third party to reach the user's PCC 101 in the cell phone or cordless phone system.

 If the cell phone number has call routing priority, PCC 101 returns the cell phone number to the landline phone number of the cordless base unit at block 519, and waits in the free state in the cordless telephone system, as shown in block 503. Thus, an incoming callback routed to the user's cell phone number is automatically forwarded to the landline phone number of the cordless base unit 115 when the PCC 101 is placed in the cordless telephone system.

 If the user's landline phone number has call routing priority, the PCC 101 sends a call forwarding message to the cordless base unit, instructing it to forward the phone number to user's land line (addressed to the cordless base station) on the land line telephone number of the cordless base station, as shown in block 521, and waits in the free state in the cordless telephone system cord, as shown in block 503. Reference is made to Figure 6-1, where it can be seen that, if a call forwarding message is received by the cordless base unit 115 at block 613, the cordless base 115 performs remote call forwarding from the user's landline telephone number to the landline telephone number of cordless base station 115, as shown in block 615, and returns to its state free, in block 601. Thus, an incoming call ends mined on the user's landline telephone number is automatically forwarded to the cordless base unit's landline telephone number 115 when the PCC 101 is placed in the cordless system. If the PCC 101 is not powered on, the user can still receive incoming calls via any telephone associated with the telephone number of the base unit.

 Refer to Figure 5-2. At block 523, the PCC 101 decides if it remains in its free state in the cordless telephone system by returning to block 503 or if it passes through the cellular telephone system 103 by advancing to block 525. At block 525, the PCC 101 determines whether the cellular telephone number of the PCC 101 has call routing priority, or whether it is the user's land line telephone number. If the cell phone number has call routing priority, the PCC 101 sends a call forwarding cancellation message to the cellular system, as shown in block 527, and the PCC 101 returns to wait in its free state. , in the cellular system, at block 501. Thus, an incoming call routed to the user's cellular telephone number directly calls the PCC 101 placed in the cellular telephone system 103.

 If the user's landline telephone number has call routing priority, the CCP 101 sends a call forwarding message to the cordless base unit 115 in order to return the landline telephone number from the user on the CCP 101 cell phone number, as shown in block 531. If the CCP 101 is unable to establish communication with the cordless base unit 115, the CCP 101 can perform the call forwarding by establishing a cellular telephone call. Thus, an incoming call routed to the landline telephone number of the user is returned to the cellular telephone number of the PCC 101 placed in the cellular telephone system 103.

 Figures 7-1 and 7-2 are flowcharts describing another method that can be used by the PCC 101 of Figure 4. Figure 6-2 is a continuation of the flowchart of Figure 6-1, describing the process used by the cordless base station 115 of FIG. 3. According to another embodiment of the invention, the PCC 101 and the cordless base station 115 act in cooperation, as described in the respective flow diagrams of FIGS. 7- 1, 7-2 and 6-2, to automatically route an active call (i.e. transfer a call) between the cordless telephone system and the cellular telephone system 103 when the PCC 101 crosses the limits of the range of the cordless telephone system and is in the service area of the cellular telephone system 03. One advantage for the user of the automatic transfer operation is that the PCC 101, while it is in the middle of the a call goes from the system without cord to the cellular system, and vice versa, without the user having to intervene. Another advantage of the automatic transfer operation is the lower cost of telephone circuits operating in the cordless system. When the PCC 101 is within the range of an acceptable cordless base station 115, the PCC 101 switches from the cellular telephone system 103 to the cordless telephone system.

 As shown in Figure 7-1, the PCC 101 may be involved in a call, that is, "in communication", in the cellular telephone system 103, as shown in block 701, or in the cordless telephone system cord, as shown in block 703. As part of the discussion, we will assume that the PCC 101 is in communication in the cellular telephone system 103, in block 701. In block 705, the PCC 101 decides whether to stay in its "communication" state inside the cellular telephone system 103, returning to block 701, or if it must pass through the cordless telephone system by performing an exploration to find an acceptable cordless base station 115, at block 707. If the exploration operation finds an acceptable cordless base station 115, as determined in block -709, the PCC 101 sends a tune message to the cordless base station 115, as indicated in block 711. Otherwise, the CCP 101 returns to the et at communication in the cellular telephone system, at block 701.

Refer to Figure 6-1. At block 601, the cordless base station 115 normally waits in the free state. Upon receipt of the agreement message in block 603, the cordless base station 115 determines in block 607 whether the PCC 101 is acceptable. If no agreement message is received at block 603, the cordless base station 115 returns to its free state at block 601. If the PCC 101 is acceptable, the cordless base station 115 sends a message acceptance to PCC 101, as shown in block 605, sends to
PCC 101 has its own landline telephone number, as shown in block 611, and returns in its free state to block 601. If PCC 101 is not accepted by the cordless base station 115 in block 607, the extension cordless base station 115 sends a rejection message (PCC non-agreement by the cordless base station) to PCC 101, as shown in block 609, and returns to its free state of block 601.

Refer to Figure 7-1. At block 713, the PCC 101 determines whether the acceptance message has been received. If this is the case, the PCC 101 receives, at block 715, the landline telephone number of the cordless base station 115. Otherwise, the
PCC 101 returns to its communication state in the cellular telephone system 103, in block 701. Thus, the cordless base station 115 has been informed of the decision of the CCP 101 to switch to the cordless telephone system and the cordless telephone station 115 responds by giving PCC 101 its landline telephone number.

 According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, a call in progress between the PCC 101 operating in the cellular telephone system 103 and a requesting third party is transferred from the cellular telephone system 103 to the cordless telephone system by production of a communication of the type "three-way conference" via cellular telephone system 103, as shown in block 716, between PCC 101, the third party, and the landline telephone number of the cordless base station 115.

 Refer to Figure 6-2. The cordless base station 115 receives the transfer request from the cellular system to the cordless system, in block 617, and responds to the land line branch of three-way conference communication, as shown in block 619, by initiating communication. between the third party and the cordless base station 115. The PCC 101 is then in cordless type telephone communication with the calling third party, as indicated in block 621. As can be seen in FIG. 7-1, the PCC 101 operating in the cellular telephone system 103 cuts the cellular branch of the three-way conference call, in block 718, in order to terminate the cell-type communication between the PCC 101 and the third party. transferred from cellular telephone system 103 to cordless telephone system when the CCP 101 has switched from cellular telephone system 103 to cordless telephone system.

Refer to Figure 7-2. At block 723, the PCC 101 decides whether to stay in its communication state inside the cordless telephone system, returning to block 703, or whether it must switch to the cellular telephone system 103, moving forward. to block 725. In block 725, the PCC 101 operating in the cordless telephone system requests that the cordless base station 115 transfer from the cordless system to the cellular system 103 by performing three-way conference communication between the
PCC 101, the third party and the user's cellular telephone number.

 We return to Figure 6-2. The cordless base station determines whether the request from PCC 101 to transfer from the cordless system to the system 103, as shown in block 623, has been received. If, at block 623, the request has been received, the cordless base unit performs a three-way conference between the PCC 101 operating in the cellular system, the third party, and the landline telephone number of the cordless base unit 115, as shown in block 625. Otherwise, the cordless telephone set 115 returns to block 621 and remains in communication in the cordless telephone system. As can be seen in Figure 7-2, the PCC 101 responds to the cellular branch of three-way conference communication, at block 727, by opening communication between the PCC 101 operating in the cellular system and the third party. Thus, the PCC 101 is then in cellular telephone communication, at block 701. As can be seen in FIG. 6-2, the cordless base station 115 cuts the land line branch of communication of the three-way conference type, at block 627, by terminating the communication between the calling third party and the cordless base station 115 and returns to its free state, in block 601.

 The decision to switch from one system to another, between cordless and cellular telephone systems, at blocks 505, 523, 705 and 723, may be based on different ones. factors, which include, without limitation: a user preference determined manually, a preference associated with automatic system exploration, or the quality of radio signals received. PCC 101 can also perform exploration on a number of cordless base stations 115, at blocks 509 and 709, which are known to PCC 101 to be acceptable.

 Two embodiments of the invention have been described. In the first embodiment, a radiotelephone assembly has been described which allows an incoming call to be routed to a PCC 101 placed in a cellular or cordless telephone system. In the other embodiment, a radiotelephone assembly has been described which allows a communication in progress with the PCC 101 to be transferred between the cellular and cordless telephone systems when the PCC 101 switches from one to the other. . It is also envisaged that a radiotelephone assembly could comprise the two embodiments at the same time.

 When combining the two embodiments, there are situations where call forwarding must be changed or canceled before a three-way conference call can be established. In a first example, the user's landline telephone number has priority call routing. The PCC 101 is in cellular type communication, and the PCC 101 decides to switch to the cordless base station 115 connected to the user's land line telephone number. Call forwarding to the user's landline telephone number must be canceled before a three-way conference call can be established to contain the cordless base unit 115. In another example, the The user's cell phone number has priority call routing.

The PCC 101 is in cordless type communication, and the PCC 101 decides to switch to the cellular telephone system 103. Call forwarding to the user's cell phone number must be canceled before a communication of the type The three-way conference can be set up to contain the cellular telephone system 103. In addition, the call routing can be updated at the end of the current call. Thus, a single PCC 101 can operate ubiquitously within a cellular and cordless telephone system.

 The radiotelephone assembly is not limited to the cordless and cellular telephone systems alone. The radiotelephone assembly can operate in at least two radiotelephone systems when it would be desirable for a PCC 101 to switch between the systems. Reasons for wishing this to be the case may include, without limitation, reasons for the service area, cost of service or quality of service.

 Since at least two systems coexist (the conventional cellular system and the cordless system) and have overlapping radio coverage, it is important that a hierarchy of priorities be established. It can be assumed that the cordless system is a lower cost system than the conventional cellular system, since it is connected by the landline connection from the user's home to the public automatic telephone network (TELCO) by conventional cables. Most likely, the cordless system will be the preferred system if the PCC 10 is within the service area of the cordless base station 115. Thus, in the preferred embodiment, priority is given to cordless service. However, the user can select, if he wishes, another hierarchy of priorities.

 The cordless base station 115 transmits an outgoing signaling message on a radio channel which has been chosen so as not to interfere with the radio channels used in the local cellular system 103. This message is similar to that transmitted in the classical system, in that the aim it aims at is to give the identity of the cordless system and to help the PCC 101 to determine its accessibility. The format of the outgoing message from the cordless base station 115 on its signaling channel is shown in Figure 8. The information is transmitted in an NRZ (non-return to zero) format in which 20 bits of synchronization data (SYNCA) are followed by 30 bits of message word (comprising a quarter of the 120 NRZ bits of the entire message), which are followed by 18 bits of synchronization data (SYNCB), then 30 bits of message word. continues so that the four word segments are transmitted. In the preferred embodiment, further transmission of the next message word follows the fourth quarter of the message word starting with SYNCA synchronization data. Another embodiment could provide a break between the message words and their interleaved synchronization bits, which would make the signaling channel transmissions discontinuous.

Two examples of the format of message words are shown in Figure 9. Each message word is transmitted in Manchester format. Since a bit
Manchester consists of 2 NRZ bits from opposite states, the 60 message bits
Manchester is encoded as 120 bit NRZ. The first example of a message word consists of an order message which contains a 32 bit basic identification area (BID) 901, a communication status area 903, an order area 905, an order qualifier zone 907, a zone 909 reserved for future use, and a parity control zone 911. A second example of a message word format is given by a channel change (transfer) message also containing 60 bits. This message word also begins with a 913 basic identification (BID) area, a 915 area of "communication" state, an order area 917, an area 919 indicating going to a certain channel, and a 12 bit parity check area 921. Each of the message words has a BID header area playing a role analogous to that of the conventional system identification area (SID) which is used in cellular systems. However, the BID contains 32 bits, instead of the 15 bits of the cellular system.

The BID is programmed into memory 315 of the cordless base station as a number that is unique to each cordless base station. This unique BlD provides the unique characterization of each cordless base station, allowing the PCC 101 and the user's cordless base station 115 to work together while preventing illicit users from accessing it.

 In the preferred embodiment, the two bits of the "communication" status zone are produced as follows: "00" - free, no self initialization in the cordless base station; "01" - free, initialization authorized; "10" ringing; and "11" - conversation. The 2-bit order area contains the following "00" - extended order; and "01" - channel change, or transfer. The order qualifier area of the order message word is defined as follows: "00000" service; and "00001" - send called address. The two synchronization zones used in the preferred embodiment are: SYNCA = "0100 1001 0101 0110 1101" and SYNCB = "01 0010 0101 0110 1101". Of course, other synchronization schemes can be used as long as they produce the desired cross-correlation properties.

 To ensure better security and better protection against interference, the BID associated with the word of the command message is transmitted continuously at a level below the audible level on the speech channel. The PCC 101 receives and decodes the BID and checks the pairing between the BID transmitted at a sub-audible level and the BID of its associated cordless base station 115. As long as the BIDs are paired, the conversation continues on the speech channel.

As soon as a pairing fault is detected, the audio signal received in the PCC 101 is muted and the transmitter 403 of the PCC is disconnected. After a predetermined period of reception of an incorrect BID by the PCC 101 and the ensuing absence of transmission received by the PCC 101 to the cordless base station 115, the 'call.

 Since the priority established for PCC 101 is that the cordless base station 115 is the first route required for a user telephone call, with the conventional cellular system (or microcellular system) coming second, the process of implementation of this priority is as presented in FIG. 10. The description presented in FIG. 10 is that of the reception, by the receiver 401 of the PCC, of the outgoing signaling channel or of a set of signaling channels transmitted from the cellular system, the cordless base station and the microcellular system, as a function of time. This diagram helps to understand the unique characteristic features which are specific to the priority by exploration according to the invention.

 The CCP receiver 401 can control, or monitor, (1001) the outgoing message stream that is transmitted by the signaling channel of the cellular system (which has been conventionally selected from the plurality of cellular signaling channels). At the appropriate time, the PCC receiver 401 receives from its microprocessor 409 the instruction to tune in the frequency or one of the frequencies used by the cordless base station 115 as a signaling channel. The PCC receiver 401 explores (1003) the signaling channel or channels outgoing from the cordless base station for a period of time t2. If the signaling data stream is not received with sufficient quality, the CCP receiver 401 re-tunes to the previously selected signaling channel of the cellular system 103 and remains tuned to this signaling channel (1005) for a period of time. t1, before attempting another exploration of a signaling channel from one of the other systems. The relationship between t1 and t2 is such that a cell page message (i.e. a radiotelephone call or some other element necessarily emitted), which is repeated, conventionally, after a pause of 5 s, will not be missed, since the CCP 401 receiver is scanning another system during the transmission times of the two cellular page messages.

The time t1 must be greater than the sum of the pause provided between the two pages and the typical transmission time of two pages. The time t2 must be less than the time existing between the two pages. If the pause time is 5 s and the typical page transmission time is 185.2 milliseconds, t1 must be greater than 5.3704 s and t2 must be less than 5 s. After monitoring the signaling channel of the cellular system - for a time ta, the CCP receiver 401 can be instructed to tune in to the signaling channel (s), sequentially, of the microcellular system, as indicated in 1007. appropriate microcellular signaling is found during exploration of the predetermined frequencies of the signaling channels, the CCP 401 receptor re-tunes to the signaling channel of the cellular system, as indicated in 1009.

An exploration of the signaling channels (1011) of the cordless base station 115 leading to the discovery of a signaling data stream satisfying appropriate quality criteria means that the CCP receiver 401 continues to monitor the cordless signaling channel. The 401 receiver
PCC remains on the signaling channel of the cordless system, without further exploration of other systems, until PCC 101 can no longer receive the signal from the cordless base station for a continuous period of 5 s.

The effect that results from this priority processing is that priority is given to the cordless base station 115 in PCC 101. Once the signaling channel of cordless base station 115 has been discovered, PCC 101 remains tuned to this channel. Thus, when the PCC 101 is initially tuned to the cellular system, it automatically switches to the cordless base station when it is possible to access the cordless base station. Once the CCP 401 receiver has found the signaling channel of the cordless base station, it remains tuned to that channel. After the transmitter of the
PCC, its first exploration of signaling channels targets the pre-established signaling channel (s) of the cordless base station 115. Naturally, the user can override the hierarchy governing automatic exploration of priorities by introducing a PCC 101 derogation code. In this way, the user can initiate exploration of the signaling channels of the cellular system alone, of the signaling channels of the cordless base station, of the signaling channels of the microcellular system only, or of various combinations of these systems. . The user can also make the issuance of a call on the basis of a derogation initially posed in favor of the system of his choice.

 Once the signaling channel of a system has been placed under surveillance, a visual indication is provided to the user of the CCP transmitter.

In the preferred embodiment, this indicator is constituted by a group of light emitting diodes (LEDs) 415, 417, one of which lights up in a special way to indicate on which system the transmitter of the CCP is tuned. Other indicators can also be used to give the same - information.

For example, a system identifier may appear on the digital display of the PCC 101, or a flashing symbol (with different flashing speeds) may be used. In any case, this indication allows the user to determine which system he is in and to decide whether or not to terminate the radiotelephone communication in the indicated system.

We now turn to Figures 11-1, 11-2 and 11-3, which show in the form of a flowchart the process followed by the PCC 101 to implement the exploration priority. This process is executed by the microprocessor 409 from its work program stored in the ROM 421. On power-up, in 1101, the radio device positions the cell exploration counter at zero. This variable is intended to ensure that an excessive number of word synchronization losses, or other reasons which could lead to an excessive number of cellular re-explorations, does not prevent the PCC 101 from carrying out explorations in search of channels of the cordless base station 115. After repositioning the cell exploration counter, the predetermined signaling channel (or channels) of the cordless base station 115 is explored, in 1103, so that it is determined whether the CCP 101 is within the range of a cordless base station, whether or not the received signaling channel has the
Correct BID, and possibly if the signaling channel is of sufficient quality. In 1005, the CCP 101 determines whether all the criteria have been met. If the criteria have been satisfied, the cordless system operates in the operating mode, and the user is notified by illumination of the
LED associated with cordless mode, in 1107. The CCP transceiver remains in the processing mode for cordless system functions, in 1109, which include monitoring the signaling channel of the cordless base station, the establishing and receiving radiotelephone calls, and performing a channel change (transfer) between itself and the cordless base unit, until synchronization or BID pairing is lost between the PCC 101 transceiver and wireless base station 115, as detected in 1111.

 If synchronization or BID pairing is lost, the flowchart is called upon to check whether or not the PCC 101 was engaged in radiotelephone communication, in 1113. If the PCC 101 was not in communication, the flowchart changes to exploration of the signaling channels of the cellular system; if the PCC 101 was engaged in a call, several attempts are made to re-enter the call in cordless mode. The exploration counter of the basic cordless system is repositioned in 1115 and it is checked in 1117 so that it is determined if the counter has reached the maximum number of explorations of the cordless system (this maximum number is equal to 2 in the preferred embodiment). The channels of the cordless system are explored in 1119, as described for 1103, and the results are checked in 1121. If the signaling channel transmitted from the cordless base station 115 is found, the cordless telephone call resumes. Otherwise, the exploration counter of the cordless system is incremented, in 1123, and it is checked whether the maximum has been exceeded in 1117. If the exploration counter of the cordless system exceeds the maximum, the PCC 101 cancels wireless mode and attempts to explore the signaling channels of the cellular system 103.

 Cell exploration begins at step 1125 which is also accessed from test step 1105. First, the re-exploration timer for the cordless system is repositioned (reset) at 1125, so that the the end of the last cordless communication is identified. The cell exploration counter is incremented (we add 1) in 1127, since cell exploration is about to begin. The PCC 101 explores the signaling channels of the cellular system, in 1129, according to the classic arrangements.

 A test is carried out in 1131 to determine if an appropriate signaling channel is present in the list of frequencies of the cellular signaling channels explored by the PCC 101. If no channel is acceptable, an LED "no service" lights up , in 1133, the flow chart returns to the exploration of the signaling channels of the cordless system, in 1101. If a signaling channel of the cellular system is found which is acceptable, an LED indicating a "in service" mode s the light and all the other service indication LEDs go out, in 1135. The cell re-exploration timer is repositioned in 1137 so that it is determined when the last cell re-exploration has ended.

The flowchart then proceeds to block 1138, which relates to the task to be performed in relation to the free state, or "free task", of the modified cellular system.

 The "free task" 1138 first determines whether there is a time for forced re-exploration of the cordless system, in 1139. Forced re-exploration of the cordless system occurs if the base cordless re-exploration timer has a- value- greater than CBRT.

CBRT is the time required to re-explore the cordless base system and is set at 60 s in the preferred embodiment. For the forced re-exploration of the cordless system to occur, the cell exploration counter must have exceeded the maximum number of consecutive cellular explorations, which is set to 6 in the preferred embodiment. This forced re-exploration must take place, because the CCP 101 would fall into an endless loop if there was not this verification and if the radio device permanently obtained the cellular channel while losing the synchronization of the word. If forced re-exploration of the cordless system is not required, PCC 101 proceeds to test 1141 to determine if cellular word synchronization is present. If word synchronization is not present, PCC 101 re-examines the system cell starting at step 1127. The repositioning operation of the cordless system reexploration timer is skipped in 1125, since the cordless base station has not been explored.

 If word synchronization is present, it is determined, in 1143, whether access to the system is required (i.e., call transmission, response to a call page, or other directed access to the cellular system). If access to the system is necessary, an attempt is made to classically access the cellular system, in 1146. Successful access leads to a return to the flowchart with post-power-up. Unsuccessful access, for example the reception of a page request, but a failed response attempt, as determined in 1148, leads to a return to the exploration of the signaling channels of the cellular system.

 If access to the system is not deemed necessary in 1143, a test is carried out in 1145 to determine whether cellular re-exploration should take place.

Cell re-exploration occurs if the cell re-exploration timer exceeds 300 s and the cordless system re-exploration timer exceeds the minimum re-exploration time. The minimum re-exploration time is the minimum value of t1, which was 5.3704 s in the first example. Performing this test on the cordless system re-exploration timer ensures that the PCC 101 has a chance of receiving one of two possible broadcasts from the same page. When cellular re-exploration occurs, the PCC 101 proceeds to step 1127, which bypasses the repositioning of the cordless system re-exploration timer at 1125.

 If cellular re-exploration is not necessary, a test is performed in 1147 to determine whether re-exploration of the cordless system should occur. A cordless system re-exploration occurs if the cordless system re-exploration timer exceeds CBRT and the cell re-exploration timer exceeds the minimum re-exploration time. The minimum re-exploration time is 5.3704 s. Performing this test on the cell re-exploration timer ensures that the CCP 101 has a chance of receiving one of two possible broadcasts from the same page. The value of CBRT (which means the re-exploration timer for the cordless system) must be greater than t1, which is 5.3704 s. In the preferred embodiment, a value of 60 s is taken for CBRT. If a re-exploration of the cordless system is not necessary, the flowchart starts again at the start of the "free task", 1138, that is to say at test 1139.

 If a re-exploration of the cordless system is necessary, the organization chart begins by repositioning the cell exploration counter in 1149. It is also the first state of a forced cellular re-exploration which is decided in 1139. The cell exploration counter is repositioned in 1149 to ensure that forced exploration of the cordless system is not unnecessarily decided in 1139. After repositioning the cell exploration counter, the signaling channels of the cordless base station 115 are explored in 1151, as described in 1103. If the test 1153 determines that the base station has been found, the cordless mode is applied and the user is notified in 1107. If the cordless base station does not was not found, PCC 101 should return to the previous command channel, in 1155. It then applies a delay to acquire word synchronization, in 1157. The re-exploration timer for the cordless system is repositioned in 1159 to indicate when the last re-exploration of the cordless base system occurred. Finally, the flowchart resumes at the start of "free task" 1138, that is to say at test 1139.

 Of course, those skilled in the art will be able to imagine, from the apparatus and the method, the description of which has just been given by way of illustration only and in no way limitative, various variants and modifications not departing from the part of the invention.

Claims (2)

 1. Cordless and cellular telephone apparatus (101) having a first mode of operation for making and receiving cellular type telephone calls via cellular radio channels of a cellular telephone system (103) and a second mode of operation for making and receiving cordless telephone calls over a cellular radio channel used by a cordless base station (115) coupled to a landline telephone line having a landline telephone number, the cordless telephone set cord and cell being characterized in that it comprises:  means (409) for automatically selecting between the first mode and the second mode;  means (401) for receiving on at least one of the cellular radio channels during operation in the first mode as well as in the second mode; and  means (403) for transmitting on at least one of the cellular radio channels at an output power comprising a predetermined set of power levels when operating in the first mode and for transmitting on at least one of the cellular radio channels at a power chosen so as not to exceed the lower power level of said predetermined set of power levels during operation in the second mode.  2. Operating method of a cordless and cellular telephone which has a first operating mode making it possible to establish and receive cellular type telephone calls via the cellular radio channels of a cellular telephone system and a second operating mode making it possible to establish and receive telephone calls of the cordless type on a cellular radio channel used by a cordless base station coupled to a land telephone line having a land line telephone number, the method being characterized in that it includes the following operations:  make an automatic selection between the first mode and the second mode;  receiving on at least one of the cellular radio channels during operation in the first mode as well as in the second mode; and  transmit on at least one of the cellular radio channels at a power comprising a predetermined set of power levels when operating in the first mode and transmit on at least one of the cellular radio channels at a power chosen so as not to exceed the level of lower power of said predetermined set of power levels when operating in the second mode.