FR2686078A1 - Modular plant for the production of fresh water by virtue of solar energy - Google Patents

Modular plant for the production of fresh water by virtue of solar energy Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2686078A1
FR2686078A1 FR9200610A FR9200610A FR2686078A1 FR 2686078 A1 FR2686078 A1 FR 2686078A1 FR 9200610 A FR9200610 A FR 9200610A FR 9200610 A FR9200610 A FR 9200610A FR 2686078 A1 FR2686078 A1 FR 2686078A1
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Prior art keywords
water
evaporation
virtue
fresh water
solar energy
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FR9200610A
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FR2686078B1 (en
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Vallon Roger
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D5/00Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • B01D5/0066Dome shaped condensation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

Plant for the production of fresh water from seawater and by virtue of solar energy, characterised in that it combines a very large recovery of the energy carried away by the evaporation and reinjected, either directly or by virtue of a conditioning station, into the circuit for reheating seawater which will have previously absorbed the solar radiation under the shelter of a translucent and isothermal covering.

Description

Installation modulaire de production d'eau douce grâce à l'énergie solaire. Modular installation for producing fresh water using solar energy.

Des installations de production d'eau douce à partir de l'eau de mer et grâce à l'énergie solaire ont été décrites dans les brevets n 89 01449 et le certficat d'addition n 90 05690.Installations for producing fresh water from sea water and using solar energy have been described in patents n 89 01449 and the addition certificate n 90 05690.

Ces installations comportent, soit une longue voûte de matière translucide, soit une large surface plane d'une nappe plastique couvrant un canal ou des bassins alimentés en eau de mer. La vapeur d'eau produite sous les serres est extraite par des cheminées ou galeries d'une certaine hauteur et dans lesquelles on realise le condensation et la collecte de l'eau douce produite
Ce système, d'une simplicité parfaite, implique des investis -sements acceptables, amortissables sur une longue période et des prix de revient très faibles en raison de la gratuité de
L'énergie necessaire. Toutefois le rendement de ce type d'inst9lation reste faible.
These installations include either a long arch of translucent material, or a large flat surface of a plastic sheet covering a canal or basins supplied with sea water. The water vapor produced under the greenhouses is extracted by chimneys or galleries of a certain height and in which the condensation and the collection of the fresh water produced are carried out
This system, perfectly simple, involves acceptable investments, depreciable over a long period and very low cost prices due to the free
The energy needed. However, the yield from this type of instilation remains low.

Il a été trouvé, par hasard et réflexion, qu'il était possible d'augmenter radicalement le rendement de ce processus sans modifier le principe de fonctionnement mais en y introduisant un élément nouveau et complémentaire. It has been found, by chance and reflection, that it was possible to radically increase the efficiency of this process without modifying the operating principle but by introducing a new and complementary element.

En effet il est apparu qu'un des procédés les plus efficaces pour obtenir lac3ndensation de la vapeur d'eau était la pulvérisation, dans la partie haute des gaines d'aspiration, d'rrne quantité importante d'eau douce aussi froide que possible
Cette eau froide doit en fait extraire du flux d'air chaud saturé toute la chaleur latente apportée, sous les serres par le soleil.
Indeed, it appeared that one of the most effective methods for obtaining condensation of water vapor was the spraying, in the upper part of the suction ducts, of a large quantity of fresh water as cold as possible.
This cold water must in fact extract from the flow of saturated hot air all the latent heat brought under the greenhouses by the sun.

L'idée inventive, susceptible d'être brevetée, consiste à récupérer cette importante quantité de chaleur et à la réinjecter dans le circuit de chauffage de l'eau de mer pour en accroître l'évaporation et simultanément refroidir l'eau destinée à la pulvérisation et la condensation.  The inventive idea, which can be patented, consists in recovering this large amount of heat and reinjecting it into the seawater heating circuit to increase its evaporation and simultaneously cool the water intended for spraying. and condensation.

Cette opération est réalisable de façon simple ou avec des moyens un peu plus élaborés.This operation can be carried out simply or with slightly more sophisticated means.

En effet, moyennant une simple installation d'un réseau d'échangeurs, il est possible de collecter l'eau douce de pulvérisation et de condensation pour alimenter ces échangeurs disposés près du fond des bassins d'eau de mer et ainsi de réchauffer cette masse pour en accélérer l'évaporation en surfaces sous l'action dg5rayons du soleil. A la sortie des échangeurs l'eau circulant dans les échangeurs se trouvera à la température de l'eau de mer du fond du bassin et aura livré l'énergie calorifique dont elle s'était chargée au contacte l'air chaud saturé aspiré dans les galeries-cheminées. On dispsera à ce moment-là des calories délivrées par le soleil plus celles récupérées dans les galeries d'aspiration' et ainsi de suite. Indeed, by means of a simple installation of a network of exchangers, it is possible to collect fresh spraying and condensation water to supply these exchangers arranged near the bottom of the seawater basins and thus to heat this mass. to accelerate its evaporation on surfaces under the action of sun rays. At the outlet of the exchangers, the water circulating in the exchangers will be at seawater temperature at the bottom of the basin and will have delivered the calorific energy which it was responsible for in contact with the saturated hot air drawn into the galleries-chimneys. We will then dispense calories delivered by the sun plus those recovered in the suction galleries' and so on.

Cette formule simple peut être améliorée car l'on voit que l'eau douce qui retournera au réseau de pulvérisation sera au mieux,à la température de l'eau de mer admise dans le bassin. This simple formula can be improved because it is seen that the fresh water which will return to the spray network will be at best, at the temperature of the sea water admitted to the basin.

Pour augmenter l'efficacité de cette pulvérisation il est souhaitable de pouvoir disposer d'eau plus froide. Ceci est réalisable Si l'on place, sur le cîrcuit,une station de condition -nement fonctionnant sur le principe d'une machine frigorifique à absorption et d'une pompe à chaleur En effet il faut pouvoir simultanément refroidir l'eau de circulation en prélevant les calories contenues et rechauffer sensiblement une partie de cette eau pour alimenter convenablement le bouilleur de la machine frigorifique et, du meme coup disposer d'une certaine quantité d'veau très chaude destinée à l ébulLition de l'eau de mer à l'entrée de la zone d'aspiration.To increase the effectiveness of this spraying, it is desirable to be able to have cooler water. This is achievable If a conditioning station operating on the principle of an absorption refrigeration machine and a heat pump is placed on the circuit. In fact, it is necessary to be able to simultaneously cool the circulation water by taking out the calories contained and substantially reheating part of this water to properly supply the boiler of the refrigerating machine and, at the same time having a certain amount of very hot calf intended for the boiling of sea water at entrance to the suction area.

Une pompe à chaleur classique utilisant comme fluide l'alcool ou un autre corps permettra d'introduire dans ce circuit des températures convenables mais l'essentiel de ce schema respectera le principe de la conservation de l'énergie En dehors de l'apport fourni par les pompes à chaleur (de faible rendement) l'ensemble de l'installation fonctitnnera grâce à L'énergie solaire mais la récupération permanente de cette énergie permettra de multiplier son rendement de façon radicale.  A conventional heat pump using alcohol or another body as a fluid will allow suitable temperatures to be introduced into this circuit, but the main part of this diagram will respect the principle of energy conservation Apart from the contribution provided by heat pumps (of low efficiency) the whole installation will work thanks to solar energy but the permanent recovery of this energy will allow to multiply its yield in a radical way.

Le choix entre la formule simple et la solution élaborée se fera en fonction des circonstances économiques du moment maispa progressivité de ce type d'installation est complète, en surface comme en efficacité et rendement.The choice between the simple formula and the solution developed will be made according to the economic circumstances of the moment but the progressiveness of this type of installation is complete, in surface as in efficiency and yield.

Ce schéma de récupération de calories perdues sur deux voies, chaude et froide,s'applique naturellement chaque fois que les besoins simultanés s'imposent. Il s'applique de préférence quand les calories sont gratuites ou perdues. Ce principe est largement exploité dans l'industrie mais les stations de réfrigération par absorption sont généralement utilisées pour de moyennes puissances. Il trouve cependant son emploi chaque fois que les rejets chauds constituent des nuisances et il entre généralement dans les processus d'assainissement. This regimen of recovering calories lost in two ways, hot and cold, applies naturally whenever the simultaneous needs arise. It preferably applies when calories are free or lost. This principle is widely used in industry, but absorption refrigeration stations are generally used for medium power. However, it finds its use whenever hot discharges are a nuisance and it generally enters the sanitation processes.

La valeur technique et économique d'une telle installation est, entre autre5. fixée par la qualité de la nappe translucide. The technical and economic value of such an installation is, among other things5. fixed by the quality of the translucent sheet.

Celle-ci doit avoir des performances en matière de transmission lumineuse et de résistance au vieillissement qui assureront durée et éfficacité, mais lorsque les surfaces mises en oeuvre sont importantes le coefficient d'isolation thermique aura valeur déterminante. Il a été trouvé que cette nappe pourrait avantageusement être constituée de deux films trés légers,soudés par ligne et enfermant dans des volumes de l'ordre du centimètre cube (voire davantage) un gaz plus léger que l'air, stable et compatible avec la matière plastique choisie et de plus peu sensible au rayonnement U,V et infra-rouge.This must have performance in terms of light transmission and resistance to aging which will ensure duration and efficiency, but when the surfaces used are large the coefficient of thermal insulation will have a determining value. It has been found that this sheet could advantageously consist of two very light films, welded by line and enclosing in volumes of the order of the cubic centimeter (or even more) a gas lighter than air, stable and compatible with the plastic material chosen and more insensitive to U, V and infrared radiation.

Des bandes, alvéolées de cette façon, ayant 1 à2 mètres de large, ou plu , et de grande longueur permettront de réaliser de grandes surfaces relativement étanches et isothermes. Ces nappes, destinées à cet usage de serre sur eau de mer, peuvent servir chaque fois que sont recherchés l'éclairage naturel l'étanchéité et l'isolation thermique. La constitution en deux films soudés permet d'utiliser des matériaux différentes mais compatibles et traités selon les cas de façon à améliorer la résistance aux
U.V.ou la valeur mécaniq-ue et le bon comportement dans l'air marin. La formation en damier donne à CQ type de nappe une souplesse et une valeur mécanique qui autorise le transport en rouleaux de grande longueur.
Strips, honeycombed in this way, having 1 to 2 meters wide, or longer, and of great length will make it possible to produce large relatively waterproof and isothermal surfaces. These tablecloths, intended for this use of greenhouse on sea water, can be used whenever natural lighting is sought, waterproofing and thermal insulation. The constitution of two welded films makes it possible to use different but compatible materials and treated as appropriate so as to improve resistance to
UVor mechanical value and good behavior in sea air. The checkerboard formation gives CQ type of tablecloth a flexibility and a mechanical value which allows the transport in rolls of great length.

Claims (3)

RevendicationsClaims 1 Système de production d'eau douce, à partir de l'eau de mer et grâce exclusivement à 1 anergie solaire, caractérisé en ce que l'évaporation est obtenue sous une nappe plastique translucide par le rayonnement solaire et une importante énergie de récupération. La condensation de la vapeur d'eau est réalisée dans une phase distincte de l'évaporation par une abondante pulvérisation d'eau froide.1 Fresh water production system, from sea water and exclusively thanks to 1 solar anergy, characterized in that evaporation is obtained under a translucent plastic sheet by solar radiation and a significant recovery energy. The condensation of water vapor is carried out in a separate phase of evaporation by an abundant spray of cold water. 2 Système, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la récupération presque complète des calories contenues sous forme Latente dans la vapeur d'eau et captéespar l'eau de pulvérisation, est organisée grâce à un ensemble d'échangeurs immergés prés du fond des bassins d'eau de mer pour contribuer à son réchauffement et accroître son évaporation.2 System according to claim 1, characterized in that the almost complete recovery of the calories contained in latent form in the water vapor and captured by the spraying water, is organized by means of a set of immersed exchangers near the bottom of the seawater basins to contribute to its warming and increase its evaporation. 3 Système selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on peut améliorer le rendement de l'installation de condensation par le refroidissement de l'eau de pulvérisation au travers d'une station de conditionnement fonctionnant selon le schéma de3 System according to claim 2, characterized in that the efficiency of the condensation installation can be improved by cooling the spraying water through a conditioning station operating according to the scheme of I'absorption ou autre. Absorption or whatever.
FR9200610A 1992-01-14 1992-01-14 MODULAR INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRESH WATER THROUGH SOLAR ENERGY. Expired - Fee Related FR2686078B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9200610A FR2686078B1 (en) 1992-01-14 1992-01-14 MODULAR INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRESH WATER THROUGH SOLAR ENERGY.

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FR9200610A FR2686078B1 (en) 1992-01-14 1992-01-14 MODULAR INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRESH WATER THROUGH SOLAR ENERGY.

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FR2686078A1 true FR2686078A1 (en) 1993-07-16
FR2686078B1 FR2686078B1 (en) 1994-08-26

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
OA03323A (en) * 1968-05-20 1970-12-15 Alexander Loennquvist Improvements in the distillation of non-saline water from sea water.
GB1530276A (en) * 1975-10-09 1978-10-25 Laing Nikolaus Desalination plant
US4318781A (en) * 1980-01-11 1982-03-09 Tomimaru Iida Desalinazation apparatus
FR2642416A1 (en) * 1989-01-30 1990-08-03 Vallon Roger Production of fresh water from seawater and solar energy

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
OA03323A (en) * 1968-05-20 1970-12-15 Alexander Loennquvist Improvements in the distillation of non-saline water from sea water.
GB1530276A (en) * 1975-10-09 1978-10-25 Laing Nikolaus Desalination plant
US4318781A (en) * 1980-01-11 1982-03-09 Tomimaru Iida Desalinazation apparatus
FR2642416A1 (en) * 1989-01-30 1990-08-03 Vallon Roger Production of fresh water from seawater and solar energy

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Publication number Publication date
FR2686078B1 (en) 1994-08-26

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