FR2677463A1 - Collimated display having wide horizontal and vertical fields, in particular for simulators - Google Patents
Collimated display having wide horizontal and vertical fields, in particular for simulators Download PDFInfo
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- FR2677463A1 FR2677463A1 FR9106724A FR9106724A FR2677463A1 FR 2677463 A1 FR2677463 A1 FR 2677463A1 FR 9106724 A FR9106724 A FR 9106724A FR 9106724 A FR9106724 A FR 9106724A FR 2677463 A1 FR2677463 A1 FR 2677463A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1066—Beam splitting or combining systems for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/143—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using macroscopically faceted or segmented reflective surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
- G09B9/30—Simulation of view from aircraft
- G09B9/32—Simulation of view from aircraft by projected image
- G09B9/326—Simulation of view from aircraft by projected image the image being transformed by optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
Abstract
Description
VISUEL COLLIMITE A GRANDS CHAMPS HORIZONTAL ET
VERTICAL, EN PARTICULIER POUR SIMULATEURS
La présente invention se rapporte à un visuel collimaté à grands champs horizontal et vertical, en particulier pour simulateurs.COLLIMITE VISUAL WITH LARGE HORIZONTAL FIELDS AND
VERTICAL, PARTICULARLY FOR SIMULATORS
The present invention relates to a collimated display with large horizontal and vertical fields, in particular for simulators.
Dans les visuels collimatés à miroir sphérique et écran hors d'axe pour simulateurs, le champ vertical est de 60 au maximum, afin de limiter les défauts optiques à des valeurs acceptables. Dans certaines applications, en particulier les simulateurs d'avions d'armes, il est nécessaire d'augmenter le champ vertical jusqu a une valeur d'environ 1300 si l'on veut reproduire les conditions réelles de visibilité. Les solutions classiques imposent donc soit de limiter le champ vertical, en conservant une qualité optique correcte, soit d'augmenter ce champ vertical, mais en tolérant des défauts optiques excessifs. In collimated visuals with a spherical mirror and off-axis screen for simulators, the vertical field is a maximum of 60, in order to limit the optical defects to acceptable values. In some applications, in particular weapons aircraft simulators, it is necessary to increase the vertical field to a value of around 1300 if one wants to reproduce the real visibility conditions. Conventional solutions therefore require either to limit the vertical field, while maintaining correct optical quality, or to increase this vertical field, but by tolerating excessive optical defects.
La présente invention a pour objet un visuel collimaté à grand champ horizontal, présentant également un grand champ vertical, sans pour autant être affecté de défauts optiques notables, et dont la luminance soit la plus élevée possible sur toute la surface visualisée, sans nécessiter de sources lumineuses puissantes. The present invention relates to a collimated visual with a large horizontal field, also having a large vertical field, without being affected by significant optical defects, and the luminance of which is as high as possible over the entire surface viewed, without requiring sources. powerful lights.
Le visuel conforme à l'invention comporte au moins deux dispositifs de formation d'images, chacun comportant un dispositif de projection, un miroir sphérique et un écran sphérique, l'un d'eux assurant la visualisation de la partie inférieure du champ vertical, et au moins un autre la visualisation du reste du champ vertical. The visual according to the invention comprises at least two image-forming devices, each comprising a projection device, a spherical mirror and a spherical screen, one of them ensuring the display of the lower part of the vertical field, and at least one other visualization of the rest of the vertical field.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation, les écrans et miroirs de ces deux dispositifs sont sensiblement de mêmes dimensions respectives, et superposés. According to a first embodiment, the screens and mirrors of these two devices are substantially of the same respective dimensions, and superimposed.
Selon un second mode de réalisation, le premier dispositif de formation d'images, chargé de la visualisation de la partie inférieure du champ vertical, est celui dont l'écran et le miroir sont les plus grands, le deuxième à un miroir et un écran plus petits que ceux du premier et partiellement disposés à l'intérieur du miroir et de l'écran du premier, et le troisième, lorsqu'il existe, a un miroir et un écran plus petits que ceux du deuxième et disposés à l'intérieur du miroir et de l'écran du deuxième. According to a second embodiment, the first image-forming device, responsible for viewing the lower part of the vertical field, is the one with the largest screen and mirror, the second with a mirror and a screen smaller than those of the first and partially arranged inside the mirror and the screen of the first, and the third, when it exists, has a mirror and a screen smaller than those of the second and arranged inside of the mirror and the screen of the second.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée de plusieurs modes de réalisation, pris à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et illustrés par le dessin annexé) sur lequel - la figure 1 est un exemple d'épure de visibilité d'un avion d'armes - les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues schématiques en coupe de visuels conformes à l'invention, à deux dispositifs superposés de formation d'images ; et - les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues schématiques en coupe de visuels conformes à l'invention, à deux et trois dispositifs de formation d'images, respectivement. The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description of several embodiments, taken by way of nonlimiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawing) in which - Figure 1 is an example of a sketch of visibility of a weapons aircraft - Figures 2 and 3 are schematic sectional views of visuals according to the invention, with two superimposed devices for forming images; and - Figures 4 and 5 are schematic sectional views of visuals according to the invention, with two and three imaging devices, respectively.
L'invention est décrite ci-dessous en référence à un simulateur d'avions d'armes, mais il est bien entendu qu'elle n'est pas limitée à une telle application, et qu'elle peut être mise en oeuvre pour toute visualisation nécessitant un grand champ vertical (nettement supérieur à 600, et pouvant aller jusqu'à environ 1300 ou même plus). The invention is described below with reference to a weapon aircraft simulator, but it is understood that it is not limited to such an application, and that it can be implemented for any display. requiring a large vertical field (significantly greater than 600, and up to around 1300 or even more).
L'épure de visibilité de la figure 1 montre que, dans l'application à un avion d'armes, le champ horizontal peut couvrir jusqu a 3600, et le champ vertical 400 vers le bas (par rapport à l'horizontale de l'observateur) et 900 vers le haut. The diagram of visibility in FIG. 1 shows that, in the application to a weapons aircraft, the horizontal field can cover up to 3600, and the vertical field 400 downwards (relative to the horizontal of the observer) and 900 upwards.
Le mode de réalisation de la figure 2 couvre un champ horizontal d'environ 2000 et un champ vertical de 900 (soit -400 à +500). Ce mode de réalisation comporte deux dispositifs 1, 2 de formation d'images superposés, chargés respectivement de la visualisation de la partie inférieure du champ vertical (sur environ 500) et de sa partie supérieure (sur environ 400). The embodiment of FIG. 2 covers a horizontal field of approximately 2000 and a vertical field of 900 (ie -400 to +500). This embodiment comprises two devices 1, 2 for forming superimposed images, responsible respectively for viewing the lower part of the vertical field (about 500) and its upper part (about 400).
Le dispositif 1 comporte essentiellement un miroir sphérique 3, un écran sphérique 4 disposé à l'intérieur du miroir 3 et plus petit que celui-ci, et un dispositif de projection 5, disposé à l'intérieur de l'écran, par exemple sous la cabine simulée de pilotage 6. Ce dispositif de projection 5, ainsi que tous ceux mentionnés ci-dessous, est de tout type approprié (à cristaux liquides, à tubes à rayons cathodiques, . . .) . The device 1 essentially comprises a spherical mirror 3, a spherical screen 4 arranged inside the mirror 3 and smaller than the latter, and a projection device 5, arranged inside the screen, for example under the simulated pilot cabin 6. This projection device 5, as well as all those mentioned below, is of any suitable type (liquid crystal, cathode ray tube,...).
Le dispositif 2, semblable au dispositif 1, comporte essentiellement un miroir sphérique 7, un écran sphérique 8 disposé à l'intérieur du miroir 7, et un dispositif de projection 9, disposé par exemple au-dessus de la cabine 6. The device 2, similar to the device 1, essentially comprises a spherical mirror 7, a spherical screen 8 placed inside the mirror 7, and a projection device 9, arranged for example above the cabin 6.
Les deux dispositifs 1, 2 sont centrés sur le même axe vertical 10 passant approximativement par l'oeil du pilote installé dans la cabine 6 (en supposant que le pilote occupe une position moyenne dans la cabine 6). Avec cette disposition, le pilote n'est hors d'axe que verticalement, ce qui élimine les erreurs de "dipvergence" et réduit sensiblement les erreurs de convergence par rapport aux configurations classiques à deux observateurs (pilote et copilote) pour lesquelles ces observateurs sont hors d'axe aussi bien horizontalement que verticalement. Le champ horizontal est limité par l'implantation des projecteurs 5, 9 à l'intérieur des écrans sphériques respectifs. The two devices 1, 2 are centered on the same vertical axis 10 passing approximately through the eye of the pilot installed in the cabin 6 (assuming that the pilot occupies an average position in the cabin 6). With this arrangement, the pilot is off-axis only vertically, which eliminates "dipvergence" errors and significantly reduces convergence errors compared to conventional configurations with two observers (pilot and co-pilot) for which these observers are off axis both horizontally and vertically. The horizontal field is limited by the location of the projectors 5, 9 inside the respective spherical screens.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, les miroirs 3 et 7 ont tous deux un rayon compris entre 3 m et 4 m environ, le miroir 3 ayant une hauteur d'environ 3,5 m et le miroir 7 une hauteur d'environ 3 m. Les écrans 4 et 8 ont un rayon d'environ 1,5 à 2 m et une hauteur d'environ 1,3 m pour l'écran 4 et 0,9 m pour l'écran 8. According to an exemplary embodiment, the mirrors 3 and 7 both have a radius of between 3 m and 4 m approximately, the mirror 3 having a height of approximately 3.5 m and the mirror 7 a height of approximately 3 m. Screens 4 and 8 have a radius of about 1.5 to 2 m and a height of about 1.3 m for screen 4 and 0.9 m for screen 8.
L'écran 4 est disposé de façon que son bord supérieur soit en-dessous des rayons il joignant l'oeil de l'observateur au bord inférieur du miroir 3. De façon analogue, L'écran 8 est disposé pour que son bord inférieur soit au-dessus des rayons 12 joignant l'oeil de l'observateur au bord supérieur du miroir 7. The screen 4 is arranged so that its upper edge is below the rays, joining the eye of the observer to the lower edge of the mirror 3. Similarly, the screen 8 is arranged so that its lower edge is above the rays 12 joining the eye of the observer to the upper edge of the mirror 7.
On a représenté en figure 3 une variante du visuel de la figure 2, pour laquelle, grâce à la fixation des projecteurs à l'extérieur des miroirs, on peut obtenir un champ horizontal de 3600. Sur la figure 3, les éléments semblables à ceux de la figure 2 sont affectés des mêmes références numériques avec un "A". Les miroirs 3A, 7A et les écrans 4A, 8A ont les mêmes rayons et hauteurs que leurs homologues de la figure 2, mais ils s'étendent tous sur 3600 horizontalement. Leurs dispositions respectives sont pratiquement les mêmes que dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 2. There is shown in Figure 3 a variant of the visual of Figure 2, for which, by fixing the projectors outside the mirrors, one can obtain a horizontal field of 3600. In Figure 3, elements similar to those in Figure 2 are assigned the same reference numerals with an "A". The mirrors 3A, 7A and the screens 4A, 8A have the same radii and heights as their counterparts in FIG. 2, but they all extend over 3600 horizontally. Their respective arrangements are practically the same as in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
Le dispositif de projection 5A (un seul dispositif de projection est représenté sur le dessin, mais en fait le visuel en comporte plusieurs, répartis tout autour du miroir 3A) est placé à l'extérieur du miroir 3A, près de son bord inférieur. The projection device 5A (a single projection device is shown in the drawing, but in fact the visual comprises several, distributed all around the mirror 3A) is placed outside the mirror 3A, near its lower edge.
Pour réduire l'encombrement, ce dispositif 5A est placé le long de la face extérieure du miroir 3A, et coopère avec un miroir (par exemple un miroir plan) 13 pour éclairer la face extérieure de l'écran 4A.To reduce the size, this device 5A is placed along the outside face of the mirror 3A, and cooperates with a mirror (for example a plane mirror) 13 to illuminate the outside face of the screen 4A.
De même, un dispositif de projection 9A est placé à l'extérieur du miroir 7A, près de son bord supérieur, le long de sa face externe, et coopère avec un miroir 14 pour illuminer la face extérieure de l'écran 8A (bien entendu, plusieurs dispositifs de projection tels que 9A sont répartis tout autour du miroir 7A). Similarly, a projection device 9A is placed outside the mirror 7A, near its upper edge, along its external face, and cooperates with a mirror 14 to illuminate the external face of the screen 8A (of course , several projection devices such as 9A are distributed all around the mirror 7A).
La solution de la figure 3 permet un gain en luminance (dans un rapport 1 : 2 environ) par rapport à la solution de la figure 2, grâce à l'éclairage des écrans par l'extérieur, ce qui les fait fonctionner en réflexion (au lieu de transmission selon la figure 2). The solution in Figure 3 allows a gain in luminance (in a ratio of about 1: 2) compared to the solution in Figure 2, thanks to the lighting of the screens from the outside, which makes them work in reflection ( instead of transmission according to figure 2).
Bien entendu, les dispositions relatives des écrans et miroirs des dispositifs 1A et 2A sont optimisés pour éviter toute variation de la distance de collimation entre les dispositifs 1A et 2A. Of course, the relative arrangements of the screens and mirrors of the devices 1A and 2A are optimized to avoid any variation in the collimation distance between the devices 1A and 2A.
Les visuels des figures 4 et 5 sont, comme on le verra ci-dessous, moins encombrants et moins volumineux que ceux des figures 2 et 3, et sont donc plus facilement implantables sur des plateformes mobiles de simulateurs (par exemple des plateformes à six degrés de liberté). The visuals of Figures 4 and 5 are, as will be seen below, less bulky and less bulky than those of Figures 2 and 3, and are therefore more easily implantable on mobile simulator platforms (for example six-degree platforms of freedom).
Le visuel de la figure 4, permet de présenter des images ayant un champ horizontal de 3600 et un champ vertical de 900 environ (-400 à +500). Il comporte un premier dispositif de formation images 15 comprenant essentiellement un grand miroir sphérique 16 (ayant sensiblement les mêmes dimensions que le miroir 3A), un écran sphérique 17 (ayant sensiblement les mêmes dimensions que l'écran 4A) dont seule la partie inférieure est à l'intérieur du miroir 16, et des dispositifs de projection 18, disposés à l'extérieur du miroir 16, le long de sa partie supérieure, et coopérant avec des miroirs plans 19 pour éclairer la face extérieure de l'écran 17. Du fait que, dans ce mode de réalisation, L'écran 17 n'est pas complètement à l'intérieur du miroir 16, sa forme est légèrement différente de celle du miroir 3A.Alors que pour le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, le miroir 3A a sensiblement la forme d'une portion de surface sphérique comprise entre deux "tropiques", le miroir 16 a sensiblement la forme d'une portion de surface sphérique comprise entre un "tropique" et le "cercle polaire" correspondant. Par contre, les écrans 4A et 17 ont sensiblement la même forme de portions de surfaces sphériques comprises entre un "équateur" et un "tropique". The visual of FIG. 4 makes it possible to present images having a horizontal field of 3600 and a vertical field of approximately 900 (-400 to +500). It includes a first imaging device 15 essentially comprising a large spherical mirror 16 (having substantially the same dimensions as the mirror 3A), a spherical screen 17 (having substantially the same dimensions as the screen 4A) of which only the lower part is inside the mirror 16, and projection devices 18, arranged outside the mirror 16, along its upper part, and cooperating with plane mirrors 19 to illuminate the outside face of the screen 17. From fact that, in this embodiment, the screen 17 is not completely inside the mirror 16, its shape is slightly different from that of the mirror 3A. While for the embodiment of FIG. 3, the mirror 3A has substantially the shape of a spherical surface portion between two "tropics", the mirror 16 has substantially the shape of a spherical surface portion between a "tropic" and the corresponding "polar circle". On the other hand, the screens 4A and 17 have substantially the same shape of portions of spherical surfaces comprised between an "equator" and a "tropic".
Les éléments 16 à 19 sont disposés de façon que la limite inférieure 20 du faisceau lumineux renvoyé par le miroir 19 vers le bord inférieur de l'écran 17 soit légèrement au-dessus des rayons 21 joignant l'oeil de l'observateur au bord supérieur du miroir 16, afin que l'observateur ne voie que l'image formée sur le miroir 16, sans être gêné par le faisceau réfléchi par le miroir 19. L'écran 17 a par exemple un rayon d'environ 1,5 m, et est disposé au-dessus de la cabine 6. The elements 16 to 19 are arranged so that the lower limit 20 of the light beam reflected by the mirror 19 towards the lower edge of the screen 17 is slightly above the rays 21 joining the eye of the observer to the upper edge of the mirror 16, so that the observer sees only the image formed on the mirror 16, without being hampered by the beam reflected by the mirror 19. The screen 17 has for example a radius of approximately 1.5 m, and is arranged above cabin 6.
A l'intérieur de l'écran 17, on fixe le deuxième dispositif 22 de formation d'images, chargé de visualiser la partie supérieure du champ vertical. Le dispositif 22 comporte essentiellement un miroir sphérique 23, un écran sphérique 24 et des projecteurs 25 éclairant la face extérieure de l'écran 24. Inside the screen 17, the second image-forming device 22 is fixed, responsible for viewing the upper part of the vertical field. The device 22 essentially comprises a spherical mirror 23, a spherical screen 24 and projectors 25 illuminating the external face of the screen 24.
Le miroir 23, un peu plus petit que l'écran 17 en rayon et en hauteur, est placé à l'intérieur de ce dernier, de façon que leurs bords inférieurs soient dans un même plan. Le diamètre extérieur du bord inférieur du miroir 23 est légèrement inférieur au diamètre intérieur du bord inférieur de l'écran 17.The mirror 23, a little smaller than the screen 17 in radius and in height, is placed inside the latter, so that their lower edges are in the same plane. The outside diameter of the lower edge of the mirror 23 is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the lower edge of the screen 17.
La hauteur du miroir 23 est inférieure à celle de l'écran 17, elle est par exemple comprise entre les 2/3 et les 3/4 de la hauteur de l'écran 17.The height of the mirror 23 is less than that of the screen 17, it is for example between 2/3 and 3/4 of the height of the screen 17.
A l'intérieur du miroir 23, on dispose l'écran 24 qui est nettement plus petit que lui. Par exemple, le rayon de écran est d'environ la moitié du rayon du miroir 23, et sa hauteur est d'environ 1/3 de celle du miroir 23. Le bord inférieur de l'écran 24 est à peu près au niveau du milieu de la hauteur du miroir 23. Sa position précise est déterminée de façon que ce bord inférieur soit sensiblement tangent aux rayons 26 joignant l'oeil de l'observateur au bord supérieur du miroir 23. Inside the mirror 23, there is the screen 24 which is significantly smaller than it. For example, the screen radius is about half the radius of the mirror 23, and its height is about 1/3 that of the mirror 23. The bottom edge of the screen 24 is approximately at the level of the middle of the height of the mirror 23. Its precise position is determined so that this lower edge is substantially tangent to the rays 26 joining the eye of the observer to the upper edge of the mirror 23.
Les projecteurs 25 sont, par exemple, disposés au-dessus du bord supérieur du miroir 23, de façon à n'éclairer que la surface externe de l'écran 24. Bien entendu, les projecteurs 25 pourraient être disposés autrement, par exemple le long de la paroi extérieure du miroir 23 et coopérer avec des petits miroirs complémentaires, tels que les miroirs 19. The projectors 25 are, for example, arranged above the upper edge of the mirror 23, so as to illuminate only the external surface of the screen 24. Of course, the projectors 25 could be arranged otherwise, for example along of the external wall of the mirror 23 and cooperate with small complementary mirrors, such as the mirrors 19.
Tous les miroirs et écrans sphériques de ce mode de réalisation sont centrés sur un axe vertical 27 passant sensiblement par l'oeil de l'observateur. All the mirrors and spherical screens of this embodiment are centered on a vertical axis 27 passing substantially through the eye of the observer.
Dans ce mode de réalisation de la figure 4, les miroir 16 et écran 17 s'évasent vers le haut, tandis que le miroir 23 et l'écran 24 s'évasent vers le bas. Le miroir 23 a sensiblement la forme d'une portion de surface sphérique comprise entre un "équateur't et un "tropique", alors que l'écran 24 a sensiblement la forme d'une portion de surface sphérique comprise entre un "tropique" et le "cercle polaire" correspondant. In this embodiment of FIG. 4, the mirror 16 and screen 17 flare upwards, while the mirror 23 and the screen 24 flare downwards. The mirror 23 has substantially the shape of a spherical surface portion between a "equator and a" tropic ", while the screen 24 has substantially the shape of a spherical surface portion between a" tropic " and the corresponding "polar circle".
On a représenté en figure 5 un autre mode de réalisation de visuel à dispositifs de formation d'images imbriqués, ce visuel étant fixé sur une plateforme mobile 28 du type à six degrés de liberté. Du fait que la plateforme est de petites dimensions, le visuel- représenté couvre un champ horizontal d'environ 2000, mais il est bien entendu qu'avec une plateforme de plus grandes dimensions, le visuel pourrait couvrir 3600, comme celui de la figure 4. FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a display with nested image forming devices, this display being fixed on a mobile platform 28 of the type with six degrees of freedom. Because the platform is small, the visual shown represents a horizontal field of about 2000, but it is understood that with a larger platform, the visual could cover 3600, like that of Figure 4 .
Le visuel de la figure 5 comporte trois dispositifs de formation d'image 29, 30, 31 (référencés ici dans l'ordre décroissant de dimensions), relatifs respectivement à la partie inférieure, centrale et supérieure du champ vertical. The visual of FIG. 5 comprises three image-forming devices 29, 30, 31 (referenced here in decreasing order of dimensions), relating respectively to the lower, central and upper part of the vertical field.
Le dispositif 29 est semblable au dispositif 15 de la figure 4, à la différence que ses miroir 32 et écran 33 s'étendent horizontalement sur 2000 environ au lieu de 3600, et qu'il comporte un moins grand nombre de projecteurs (par exemple trois). On a représenté sur le dessin l'un de ses projecteurs, référencé 34, qui coopère avec un miroir plan 35. The device 29 is similar to the device 15 of FIG. 4, with the difference that its mirror 32 and screen 33 extend horizontally over 2000 instead of 3600, and that it comprises a smaller number of projectors (for example three ). There is shown in the drawing one of its projectors, referenced 34, which cooperates with a plane mirror 35.
De même, le dispositif 30 est semblable au dispositif 22 de la figure 4, à la différence que ses miroir 36 et écran 37 s'étendent horizontalement sur 2000 environ au lieu de 3600, et qu'il comporte au moins un grand nombre de projecteurs (par exemple trois). On a représenté sur le dessin l'un de ses projecteurs, référencé 38. Similarly, the device 30 is similar to the device 22 in FIG. 4, with the difference that its mirror 36 and screen 37 extend horizontally over 2000 instead of 3600, and that it comprises at least a large number of projectors (for example three). One of its projectors, referenced 38, has been represented in the drawing.
Les dispositifs 29 et 30 couvrent, dans le sens vertical, le même champ que les dispositifs 15 et 22 de la figure 4. The devices 29 and 30 cover, in the vertical direction, the same field as the devices 15 and 22 in FIG. 4.
Le dispositif 31 comporte un miroir sphérique 39, un écran sphérique 40, et un dispositif de projection 41 qui comporte, dans le cas présent, deux projecteurs. The device 31 comprises a spherical mirror 39, a spherical screen 40, and a projection device 41 which in the present case comprises two projectors.
Le miroir 39 est disposé à l'intérieur de l'écran 37, mais en déborde vers le bas et l'arrière. Le miroir 39 a un rayon compris entre celui de l'écran 37 et celui du miroir 36, par exemple d'environ 1 m, et son centre 42 n'est pas situé sur la verticale 43 passant par l'oeil de l'observateur (verticale sur laquelle sont centrés les miroirs et écrans des dispositifs 29 et 30), mais en arrière de cette verticale, sensiblement à la hauteur de l'oeil de l'observateur à environ 0,5 m en arrière de son oeil. Le miroir 39 est disposé de façon que son bord inférieur soit tangent aux rayons 44 joignant l'oeil de l'observateur au bord inférieur de l'écran 37 et au bord supérieur du miroir 36. The mirror 39 is disposed inside the screen 37, but projects downward and backward. The mirror 39 has a radius between that of the screen 37 and that of the mirror 36, for example about 1 m, and its center 42 is not located on the vertical 43 passing through the eye of the observer (vertical on which the mirrors and screens of devices 29 and 30 are centered), but behind this vertical, substantially at the height of the observer's eye about 0.5 m behind his eye. The mirror 39 is arranged so that its lower edge is tangent to the rays 44 joining the eye of the observer to the lower edge of the screen 37 and to the upper edge of the mirror 36.
Le miroir 39 a sensiblement la forme d'un secteur de surface sphérique comprise entre un "équateur" et le "tropique" correspondant, et s'étendant sur moins de 2000 L'écran 40 a sensiblement la forme d'un secteur de surface sphérique comprise entre un "tropique" et le tropique opposé par rapport à l'équateur, et s'étendant sur moins de 2000. Ces deux surfaces sphériques 39, 40 sont orientées vers le haut. Les projecteurs 41 sont disposés légèrement au-dessus du miroir 39, en arrière de celui-ci, et illuminent la surface extérieure de l'écran 40 qui est vue dans la surface intérieure du miroir 39. L'écran 40 est disposé légèrement en-dessous du miroir 39, de façon à être légèrement en arrière des rayons 45 joignant l'oeil de l'observateur au bord supérieur du miroir 39. The mirror 39 has substantially the shape of a spherical surface sector between an "equator" and the corresponding "tropic", and extending over less than 2000 The screen 40 has substantially the shape of a spherical surface sector between a "tropic" and the opposite tropic with respect to the equator, and extending over less than 2000. These two spherical surfaces 39, 40 are oriented upwards. The projectors 41 are arranged slightly above the mirror 39, behind the latter, and illuminate the outside surface of the screen 40 which is seen in the inside surface of the mirror 39. The screen 40 is arranged slightly in- below the mirror 39, so as to be slightly behind the rays 45 joining the eye of the observer to the upper edge of the mirror 39.
Ainsi, l'observateur voit dans le miroir 32 la partie inférieure du champ vertical (sous 500 environ, par exemple), la partie centrale du champ vertical dans le miroir 36 (sous 400 environ, par exemple), et la partie supérieure du champ vertical dans le miroir 39 (sous 500 environ par exemple). Thus, the observer sees in the mirror 32 the lower part of the vertical field (under approximately 500, for example), the central part of the vertical field in the mirror 36 (under approximately 400, for example), and the upper part of the field vertical in the mirror 39 (under approximately 500 for example).
Afin de limiter les défauts optiques le miroir 39 et l'écran 40 n'ont pas besoin d'avoir un grand rayon car lorsque l'observateur regarde vers le haut, sa tête s'aligne automatiquement avec son corps et ses déplacements latéraux sont réduits. Par contre, lorsque l'observateur regarde vers le bas, il déplace plus facilement la tête latéralement et un grand rayon de miroir et d'écran est nécessaire. In order to limit the optical defects, the mirror 39 and the screen 40 do not need to have a large radius because when the observer looks upwards, his head is automatically aligned with his body and his lateral movements are reduced. . On the other hand, when the observer looks downward, it more easily moves the head laterally and a large radius of mirror and screen is necessary.
Pour réduire les erreurs de convergence (dues au fait que l'observateur est hors d'axe dans le plan vertical), on peut remplacer l'écran sphérique supérieur 37 au moins (ou tous les écrans sphériques) par un écran torique. To reduce convergence errors (due to the fact that the observer is off-axis in the vertical plane), it is possible to replace the upper spherical screen 37 at least (or all the spherical screens) with a toric screen.
On notera que les modes de réalisation des figures 4 et 5 sont de hauteur relativement faible : avec un miroir 16 ou 32 ayant un rayon d'environ 3,5 à 4 m, la hauteur totale du visuel est d'environ 3,5 m. Note that the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5 are relatively small in height: with a mirror 16 or 32 having a radius of about 3.5 to 4 m, the total height of the visual is about 3.5 m .
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9106724A FR2677463B1 (en) | 1991-06-04 | 1991-06-04 | COLLIMATE VISUAL WITH LARGE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL FIELDS, PARTICULARLY FOR SIMULATORS. |
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FR9106724A FR2677463B1 (en) | 1991-06-04 | 1991-06-04 | COLLIMATE VISUAL WITH LARGE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL FIELDS, PARTICULARLY FOR SIMULATORS. |
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FR2677463B1 FR2677463B1 (en) | 1994-06-17 |
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FR9106724A Expired - Fee Related FR2677463B1 (en) | 1991-06-04 | 1991-06-04 | COLLIMATE VISUAL WITH LARGE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL FIELDS, PARTICULARLY FOR SIMULATORS. |
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