FR2673949A3 - Devices permitting the addition of temperature with solid fuels into components to be burnt, to obtain flames with colours covering the entire spectrum - Google Patents

Abstract

Solid fuels, of the hexamethylenetetramine, metaldehyde, hydrazine (U.D.H.) and similar type have a combustion temperature (1500 to 2000 degrees centigrade), making it possible to burn visibly certain metal or organometallic salts such as lithium (red) or lanthanum (orange), while the combustion temperature of a match, candle, log or of a block made of an agglomerate of wood and waxes, for example, allows only some colours (for example copper and strontium in the case of the greens and blues) to appear so that they can be seen by the eye.

Description

The present invention relates to devices allowing the addition of temperature by solid fuels in elements to be burned, themselves burning at a temperature insufficient to obtain colored flames covering the entire spectrum.

Solid fuels, of the Hexamethylene tetramine type,
Metaldeides, Hydrazines (UDH) etc ... have a combustion temperature (1500 to 2000 degrees centigrade), allowing to burn visibly certain metallic or organometallic salts, such as Lithium (red),
Lanthanum (orange), while the temperature of combustion of a match, a candle, a log or a luminous and calorific bread, made of agglomerated wood and paraffins, for example, does not make it possible to visibly appear for the eye only certain colors (Copper, Strontium for greens and blues for example).

The present invention therefore describes a) the addition of solid fuels defined above to fuels of the wood, various fibers, paraffins, oils, etc. type, in order to obtain, with appropriate salts (or bores), the temperature desired for obtaining partial or total flames of all possible colors of the spectrum.

b) the use of the same fuels, mixed with a binder, an adhesive and the same salts or bores, to coat elements to be burned, in order to obtain the same flames of the same colors.

c) the use of the same fuels, mixed with the same salts or borons, with the presence of a binder, for obtaining elements to be burned in the form of powders, pastes or solids, the latter compacted at a pressure of 1 to 500 bars, burning in all possible colors of spectrum flames.

Let us describe more precisely a) the logs, breads, rings or other forms of igniter, are generally constituted by compacting by pressure from 1 to 500 bars, a mixture of wood (sawdust, shavings) between 10 and 90% (ten and eighty ten percent) and paraffins, containing a small proportion of oils, between 90 and 10% (ninety and ten percent).

If a solution of alcohols or ketones, containing coloring salts or borons, is added to this mixture, it is possible to obtain, temporarily and as long as the alcohol persists, flames of selected and varied colors. But, once the alcohol has evaporated or burnt, only certain colors visibly persist like greens and blues (cupric, cuprous, strontium, rubidium chlorides, etc.). The combustion temperature of wood mixed with paraffin is around 1000 to 1200 degrees which is sufficient for these colors. On the other hand, for red flames (chlorides of Lithium, Lanthanum, etc.) the temperature of 1000 to 1200 degrees is not enough, because it is the residual temperature, once the alcohol has been burnt or evaporated.

In order for the red flames to appear and persist, it is therefore necessary to raise the temperature permanently to around 1800 degrees, where the red flames, inter alia, are visible to the eye. It is therefore preferable to add a mixture of salts and fuels, in the form of a powder, in particular (hexamethylene-tetramine, metaldeides, etc.), then to add a binder (gelatins, celluloses, adhesives, etc.). .), in order to allow the salts to agglomerate in combustible fuels (or solid / granules), so that there is no loss by dispersion when the paraffin is added to the wood.

b) to manufacture matches of various sizes and presentations, or any other igniter or decorative torchettes, burning with colored flames, it will be necessary, during the industrial manufacturing process, to dip these elements in baths, or to impregnate them by vaporization , spraying, spraying, coating or any other process.

The first bath consists of dipping the match holder in a liquid mixture of binder, salts and solid fuel in suspension. This bath will deposit on the surface of the support a layer of combustible product which will burn with flames whose color will correspond to the coloring salts used. A drying agent can be added to speed up drying (1, 2, 4 - fig. 2).

The next operation which we will call second bath (3,5 - fig. 2) will take place after drying, consecutive to the first bath.

We approach here the coloring of the flame of the "BUTTON (3 - fig. 2) to describe the addition, during this second bath, to the binder (gelatin most of the time) of salts known for the coloring that they provide, by burning with chlorates (of ...) or perchlorates (of ...), used to rub against the phosphorus of the scraper to cause, by the heating of the two bodies brought into contact, ignition.

It should be noted here that the chlorates and perchlorates generally used can be replaced by or added with chlorates or perchlorates of salts used for coloring the flames, in order to reinforce their effect.

By way of examples 1) binder + perchlorate or lithium chlorate + other products specific to such and such a manufacturer; or 2) binder + lithium perchlorate or chlorate + chloride
Lithium + other products specific to a particular manufacturer; or 3) binder + perchlorates or chlorates usual with such or such manufacturer + lithium chlorate + other specific products
artel or such manufacturer.

This is to obtain a match "BUTTON" (3 - fig. 2), lighting with a short-lived red flame. For the other colors, it suffices to change the chlorates or perchlorates and chlorides by these substances based on the different salts corresponding to the colors that one wishes to obtain.

It will also be noted that this process of the two successive baths makes it possible to manufacture matches which burn successively in two different colors.

c) but it is also possible to use the same fuel + salt + binder mixture to compact the whole at a pressure of 1 to 500 bars, thereby creating solid elements which will burn with flames covering all the possible colors of the spectrum. Such a powder solidification process is commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of tablets. However, our mixture can also be used in the form of powder and paste.

This last process allows different uses, and in particular torches, torches, basins (Olympic and others) and all the sub-elements which are derived therefrom, such as candles, tea towels etc ..., since it is of containers in which are stored and then burned - either a powder (combustible mixture / salts) - or a more or less hard paste (combustible mixture / salts + binder) - or an element compacted by pressure using a binder such as defined above.

This is to obtain flames of selected and varied colors. These colors can be simple or composed of several elements (1,2,3,4 - fig. 1), carrying different colors of flames when they burn, assembled by juxtaposition, or glued or placed in separate containers, juxtaposed, to produce several flames making up a multicolored whole.

Claims (13)

1) Devices for producing flames of selected and varied colors using fuels in powder, paste or in elements compacted by pressure with the use of a binder. 2) Devices according to claim 1 characterized in that these fuels are, initially, solid in the form of powders or granules, and, that once ignited, they burn at a temperature higher than that of wood impregnated with salts metallic or organometallic or boron, hydro-carbides, in particular paraffin and oils. 3) Devices according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the said fuels, in particular Hexamethylene tetramine, the Metaldeides, hydrazine (U.D.H.), are mixed with metallic or organometallic salts (ex. Lithium chloride for red, Lanthanum chloride for orange, sodium chloride for yellow, copper / cuprous chlorides for green, cupric for blue, Strontium chloride for certain greens etc ...), even to bores; to burn with flames of almost pure colors, selected and varied. The proportions of the mixture are 1% (one percent) of fuel and 99 to ninety-nine percent) of salts, or vice versa, or any intermediate proportions. 4) Devices according to claims 1, 2, 3, characterized in that the fuel / salt combination (or boros) thus obtained, burning at a temperature of about 1500 to 2000 degrees centigrade, will make them visible to the eye. red flames in particular which do not appear to the eye at the temperature between 1000 and 1200 degrees, at which burn wood, oils, waxes or paraffins, alone or mixed. To obtain all the possible flame colors of the spectrum, the fuel + salt or boron combination will therefore be added to the paraffin + wood mixture or any other mixture liable to burn. this to obtain logs, breads, fire starters and other torches. This operation will preferably be done in two stages a) add to the sawdust or other wood shavings (or any other similar material) the combustible + salt mixture (or boron for some greens), to which a binder (glues, gelatins, celluloses, etc.), the object of this binder being to agglomerate the fuel with the salts in the wood in order to prevent them from dispersing too much. b) then add, at its natural melting temperature (between 20 and 100 degrees centigrade), paraffin (containing a small proportion of oil according to its degree of refining). While the assembly thus formed is still hot, compact the whole at a pressure varying between 1 and 500 bars according to the desired compactness. During the combustion of the elements thus obtained, colored flames will appear, according to the colors chosen and desired during the selection of the coloring salts (or boros). 5) Devices according to claims 1, 2, and 3, characterized in that, unlike claim 4, if one wants to obtain flames of colors generated by salts or borons whose flame color appears to the eye at the temperature at which the wood compounds + paraffins burn, that is to say 1000 to 1200 degrees, the operation described in claim 4 will be done more simply in a time salt: simultaneous mixing of sawdust or wood shavings (or any other similar material) with salts and boros, in solution or pure, and addition of paraffin at its melting temperature, by simple hot mixing; then compact everything at a pressure between 1 and 500 bars. 6) Devices according to claim 5) characterized in that the salts (1 to 25% at all) can be added in the form of solutions in alcohols or ketones (75 to 99%), by impregnation with wood, before being mixed with paraffin, hot. Care should be taken to compact the assembly with a pressure of 20 to 500 bars, to enclose alcohol or persistent ketones during the operation, inside the element thus compacted. It will even be preferable to impregnate this element with a final paraffin bath, in order to avoid the evaporation of the alcohol or the ketones. This process is claimed, indicating that it is not, however, the most efficient. 7) Device according to all of the preceding claims characterized in that the paste used for the manufacture of so-called "Bengal" lights and other so-called "fireworks" lights can be linked by mixing to the assembly consisting of fuel + salts (or boras ), or even linked only to the salts (or bores) in proportions of 5% to 50%, before being dried for use: during this, these lights will crackle or sparkle with flames or sparks of the colors defined by the salts chosen.  8) Devices according to claims 1 and 3 characterized in that the fuel composition + coloring salts can be compacted alone, using or without binders, these binders being of diverse nature, of the gelatin, cellulose, glue, etc. type. or, simply, using the processes used by the pharmaceutical industry to compact the seals. Each element, compacted at a pressure of 1 to 500 bars, will burn according to the color chosen, as defined in claim 3 above. This element can then be glued, juxtaposed or attached to other elements producing identical or different colors, to compose a whole burning in a multicolored way (flags, emblems, traditional or commercial colors). 9) Devices according to all the preceding claims characterized in that, for the elements to be burned with colored flames, as soon as these elements exceed a weight close to 500 grams, it is preferable to drill holes or chimneys ventilation (0.5 cm to 5 cm in diameter), or (and) to provide streaks at the base performing the same function, which is to facilitate the circulation of air, thus helping to oxidation or oxygenation of flames, especially those of color. Just as a final bath in the fuel + salt (or boron) composition will allow the ignition of the colored flames to appear more spontaneously. Another process for "breads" weighing more than 1 kg is to pierce the bread in its upper part, in order to allow a cotton wick to enter it, surrounded at its base with a fuel + salt tablet, so that the "bread" lights up better and especially so that the flame of colors appears without delay. 10) Devices according to claims 1, 3, 5, or even 4 partially, characterized in that the compacted fuel elements + salts (or boros) can be deposited, glued, embedded, encased or crimped, inter t others, in containers simple or multi-element. Let us cite in particular Olympic torches, torches and basins for examples. This also applies to torchettes (of the Olympic type, in reduction) and other torches intended for various events, for which the fuel has the advantage of not spilling. 11) Devices according to claims 1, 3, 5, and 8, characterized in that, by inducing by dipping (4 - fig. 2) in a fuel bath + salts + binder, one or more matches (1 - fig . 2), of varying sizes and supports (wood, cardboard, paraffin fibers, metallic supports or others), we will first obtain a support (2 - fig. 2), whose coating thus deposited will burn with a flame color chosen and varied. If the support is metallic and therefore does not burn, we will avoid the yellow flame coming from unburned carbon molecules released by wood, hydro-carbides and various fibers. In a second step, a partial soaking (3 and 5 - fig 2) of said already coated support (2 and 4 - fig. 2), in a second bath, will create a BUTTON "burning ephemeral on ignition , with an optional second color chosen and varied. 3 processes are possible after drying the coating consecutive to the first bath a) binder + perchlorate or chlorate + other products specific to such or such manufacturer, perchlorate or chlorate being that of the salt whose flame color is to be obtained as it produces by burning; or b) binder + perchlorate or chlorate of the chosen salt + chloride of the same salt + other products specific to such and such a manufacturer; or c) binder + perchlorates or chlorates customary to such and such a manufacturer + chloride of the salt chosen + other products specific to such and such a manufacturer. 12) Device according to claims 1,3,5,8, and 11, characterized in that the process described in 11 is the same for matches containing in their "BUTTON" (3 and 5 fig.2) phosphorus ie 'It is possible to light on any support. 13) Devices according to all of the preceding claims, with the exception of claim 5, characterized in that the heat of combustion of all the products which burn at a temperature substantially higher (approximately 1800 degrees) than that of the other products with which can be burned, must be added by mixing the two types of products, to locally increase the combustion temperature. This will make it possible to visibly appear to the eye the possible colors of the spectrum which do not visibly appear to the eye at a lower temperature when it is certain coloring salts which bring their color to the flame by burning.