FR2667904A1 - Method and wind-powered machine for supplementing the powering of an electrical network (grid) - Google Patents

Abstract

The wind-powered machine comprises two rotors (17) supported by a framework (15) so as to be able to pivot by virtue of a pivot (2) so as to orientate itself depending on the direction of the wind. Two dynamo-electric machines (28) convert into electricity the mechanical energy which is communicated to them by the rotors. The rotors (17) are rotating self-supporting wing structures and they belong, together with the framework (15) and the machines (28), to a self-supported collector (recovery device) (3) which is connected to the pivot (2) through the use of retaining cables (11) and of a position-adjusting cable (13). The machines (28) are asynchronous machines which operate in motor mode in order to cause the collector (3) to lift off when they are connected to the grid by a switch (9) controlled by an anemometric antenna (27). When the collector (3) reaches an altitude at which the wind is sufficient to entrain the machines (28) above their nominal speed, these operate as a generator. Use for picking up winds at high altitude without using a carrying pylon and without risks in the event of a storm.

Description

 The present invention relates to a method for reinforcing the supply of an electrical network in windy periods by means of a wind turbine.

 The present invention also relates to a wind turbine for implementing this method.

 We know from WO-A-90 03517 a wind turbine whose wind energy recuperators are presented to the wind and maintained at the altitude which is appropriate according to the speed thereof thanks to the action of a fixed counterweight at the other end of a pendulum which supports them and which is articulated along two axes at the top of a post.

 On the other hand, aircraft or kites are known with a rotary wing.

 The object of the invention is to propose a method and a wind machine which make it possible to reinforce the supply of an electrical network and which do not comprise either pole or structure, supporting the wind collector.

 According to a first aspect of the invention, the method for reinforcing the supply of an electrical network, by recovery of wind energy by means of a wind turbine comprising a rotary energy recovery unit, is characterized in that this recovery unit is self-supported by the wind, and in that a rotary wing of the recuperator is mechanically connected to an electric motor-generator device which can be driven by the wind recuperator at a speed allowing it to supply the network, and in that '' when put into service, after having connected the recuperator to the ground by flexible means, the recuperator is taken off using the electrical network to power the electric motor-generator device, then operating as a motor, to allow the recuperator to reach the altitude where the wind speed is sufficient for self-lift of the recuperator.

 According to a second aspect of the invention, the wind turbine for implementing the method according to claim 1, is characterized in that it comprises a surface mobile mounted to pivot around a substantially vertical axis, a heat recovery unit. self-supporting rotary wing energy, flexible means for connecting the recuperator to the ground against the aerodynamic effects exerted on it, and an electric motor-generator device which is mechanically connected to the rotary wing, and electrically to the network, and which, when used as an engine, sufficiently increases the lift and the horizontal stability of the rotary wing of the recuperator to make the recuperator take off and position it in the high wind.

 The method and the wind turbine according to the invention make it possible to eliminate the mast of known wind turbines and the problems which it poses both for its construction and its resistance to the storm, and allow, depending on seasonal or regional circumstances, to search stronger and more regular winds at altitude by varying the length of the flexible means.

Indeed if VO is the wind speed at an altitude H ,, the wind speed V at the altitude H will be:
V = Vo x (H) n with 0.1 <n <0.4
(Ho) n
If Eo is the energy capable of being captured at altitude Ho, the energy E likely to be captured at altitude H becomes:
E = Eo x (H) 3n with 0.3 <3n <1.2
(Ho) 3n
The invention makes it possible, in other words, to take off a kind of electricity-generating kite using the generator with a thermal engine or the hydraulic power station which it will assist and to make substantial savings. fuel, water and mechanical wear. Diesel equipment has a lifespan of 7,000 to 40,000 hours depending on its speed.

 The implementation of the invention is very facilitated when it is found that the motor-generator device can be constituted by one or more asynchronous electric motors connected to the network because such motors are transformed into electric generators if they are driven to- beyond their nominal speed by the device to which their shaft is connected.

 This particularity of asynchronous electric motors allows, within certain limits, to use the same electric machine, either as a motor, to drive the rotary wing of the self-supported recuperator in the phase of positioning in the wind, or as an electric generator, in the wind energy recovery phase to supply said electrical network.

 The asynchronous electric machine, operating as a motor powered by the network, is used to help the take-off of the recuperator retained, preferably by two cables stowed on the ground by the same fixing, freely pivoting. The position of the tie-down points of the two cables under the flying recuperator and the various gyroscopic actions generated by the motors allow the recuperator to stabilize under light winds in a position of equilibrium like a kite does.

 In the next stage of the process and respectively of the operation of the wind turbine, the asynchronous electric machine is used as a generator when, by the action of a stronger wind, the speed of the rotary wing (s) causes it to exceed its nominal speed. .

 To increase the amount of wind energy recovered, the airfoil can be forced to take a greater inclination with respect to the horizontal by means of another flexible means, or flexible means of adjustment, such as a fixed cable. to the flying machine and, for example, to a carriage with circular displacement constituting the surface mobile and rotating around the vertical axis.

 The tension exerted by the machine on this cable modifies the balance of forces, increases the inclination of the rotary wing relative to the horizontal and allows it to recover more wind energy in electrical form.

 The position of the point where the adjustment cable is routed to the recuperator is controlled so that the speed of rotation of the motor-generator is limited. Indeed the overspeed imposed on the motor-generator, therefore operating as a generator, must not exceed a certain percentage indicated by the manufacturer under penalty of thermal, magnetic or mechanical deterioration thereof or increasing the frequency of the electrical network on which it's plugged in. Once this percentage has been reached, the control system must reduce the surface area or the efficiency of the wing presented to the wind to limit its power.

 Preferably, in order to oppose the torque generated by the rotor on the recuperator, the latter will be equipped with two symmetrical wings turning in opposite directions.

 Preferably, in order to reduce the cost of the investment, it will be advantageous to equip each rotary wing with a peripheral rim through which wind or lift energy is transmitted to the electric motor-generator without going through the expensive and heavy multiplier. usual speed.

 More preferably, the motor-generator device comprises at least one motor-generator connected to the two rotary wings. This motor comprises at each of the two ends of its shaft, a roller preferably with friction, rolling laterally on the rim of one of the respective rotary wings.

 In order to stabilize the recuperator by the gyroscopic effect of the motor-generator device, in particular with regard to sudden variations in wind, it is advantageous that the device comprises two identical electric generator motors, rotating in opposite directions, connected in parallel, and fixed to a frame of the recuperator symmetrically with respect to the sail plan1 to cooperate for example with the other side of the same rims.

 The two motor-generators make it possible to balance the machine around its axis of symmetry and to cancel the perpendicular forces to which a gyroscope is subjected when the direction of its axis is modified.

 Preferably finally, in order to improve the qualities of the rotary wings, these advantageously comprise several types of aerodynamic elements.

 The first type of aerodynamic element is of the passive type and advantageously consists of as many triangular sails as there are spokes joining the rim at the center of the rotary wing.

 Each of these triangular sails is folded in half around and stretched along one of the spokes, and connected to an adjustable point on the rim by a tensioner.

 These triangular sails have no effect as long as they are not subjected to a current of air passing through the sail plane. On the other hand, when such a draft exists, they are of good return for a low investment and, with modern materials, very reliable.

 te second type of aerodynamic element, placed in the center of the rotary wing is only lifted by its saucer shape and increases the pressure and air speed differential between the upstream and downstream of the rest of the wing.

 The third type of aerodynamic element is of the active type and consists of small fins each formed by a segment of aerodynamic profile fixed and oriented on the rim.

This orientation can advantageously be adjusted by the speed of the rotor so that these fins can participate:
- the creation of a lift depression downstream on takeoff and an overpressure upstream;
- the creation of driving forces; and
- the production of an aerodynamic brake protecting the machine against overspeeding.

Other features and advantages will emerge from the description below. In the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting example:
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a view of a detail of Figure 1, on an enlarged scale;
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of the machine chassis;
- Figures 4, 5 and 6 are views of the machine, from above, from the front and respectively from the side;
- Figure 7 is an explanatory view of the phases of the flight;
- Figures 8, 9 and 10 show the centrifugal tilt controller, with pneumatic balancer;
- Figure 11 shows the ring serving as a hollow roller screw.

 In the example shown in FIG. 1, the wind turbine comprises a surface mobile comprising a carriage 1 rotating around a vertical pivot 2 securely sealed to the ground, a flying recuperator 3, and flexible means 11 and 13 for connecting mechanically and electrically the carriage 1 and the flying recuperator 3.

 The pivoting carriage consists of two wheels 5 rolling freely one behind the other on a circular path 4 centered on the pivot 2. These wheels 5 carry a frame 6 which is fixed to a drawbar 7 one of the ends of which is linked by cardan to a sleeve 8 freely rotating around the pivot 2. The drawbar 7 is equipped in the vicinity of the sleeve 8, with two rings 10 where the two retaining cables 11 of the flying machine 3 are stowed and, at its end remote from the sleeve 8, of a winch 12 receiving the altitude and inclination adjustment cable 13.

 The retaining cables 11 have the function of retaining at a substantially constant distance the center of each of the two rotary wings at the central pivot 2, of orienting the carriage 1 in the direction of the wind at the level where the flying recuperator is located and of serving each of electric cable, with two conductors, to make the electrical connection, preferably three poles + earth, between the flying recuperator and a rotating connector 9 which covers the pivot 2 and makes it possible to electrically connect the wind turbine with the network. The rotating connector also prevents the sleeve 8 from escaping vertically from the pivot 2.

 The central pivot 2 is hollow and is extended by an underground sheath 14 receiving the electrical supply cable and allowing access to the center of the circular surface generated on the ground by the vertical projection of the flying machine, and of the carriage 7.

 The connector is fitted with an omnidirectional manipulator type switch 27 whose extended lever of a cylindrical telescopic antenna is subjected to the effect of the wind and makes it possible to connect the wind turbine to the network from a nominal wind speed justifying the take-off of the wind recuperator.

 The recuperator 3 comprises, in the example described, a frame 15 of tube or metal angle iron on which are fixed two support shafts 16 for two wings 17 which, symmetrical, rotate in opposite directions in the same plane whose inclination varies around a geometric axis perpendicular to pivot 2 and to the direction of the wind passing through this pivot 2.

 At their end opposite to the chassis 15 and directed towards the carriage 1, the shafts 16 are pierced transversely to their common plane to receive pins 18 used for fixing the retaining cables 11 at their end opposite to the carriage 1.

 The conductive cables 11 allow the electrical supply of two asynchronous electric motor-generators 28 passing through the two rotary wings by the shafts 16 which, for this purpose, are hollow.

 The chassis 15 is supported by a landing gear 21 allowing the circular movement of the machine around the pivot 2 on the ground in a position such that the blades move along a truncated cone whose axis is the pivot 2 .

 The chassis 15 carries the two asynchronous electric generator motors 28 each equipped with their two friction rollers 30, as well as four idler rollers 19 allowing a rim 29 of each rotary wing to rest on three equidistant wheels.

 The generator motors 28 are each mounted on a hinge parallel to their shaft so that, by the action of tensioners perpendicular to this hinge, the position of the friction rollers and their pressure on the rim 29 can be adjusted as a function of their wear.

The adjustment cable 13 makes it possible to adjust:
- the altitude of the recuperator 3 thanks to the winch 12;
- The inclination of the sail plane relative to the horizontal thanks to a servo-control 22 to 26, mounted on the chassis 15 to automatically adjust the cable tie-down point 13 on the flying recuperator.

 The recuperator takes up a position in space so that the aerodynamic forces balance with the forces of gravity and the tension of the cables 11, 13 at their lashing points like a kite does.

 At the altitude corresponding substantially to its length, the tension of the adjustment cable 13 is significantly increased. Its securing point to the chassis 15 being located in the plane of symmetry of the recuperator 3, but outside the common plane of the axes 16, the torque it exerts on the chassis 15 modifies the inclination of the airfoil 3 up to '' that the recuperator 3 finds a new position of equilibrium in space, characterized in that the parabolic shape of the retaining cables 11 is more open and the inclination of the plane of the airfoils greater relative to the horizontal .

 Each wind speed corresponds to: a position of the recuperator 3 in space, a wind energy recoverable in electrical energy and a tension on the retaining and adjustment cables 13.

 This correspondence must in particular make it possible not to exceed the electrical and mechanical capacity of the machine. For this, it is necessary to be able to limit the surface area and the effectiveness of the blade presented to the wind. For this, the tilt control operates as a function of either the tension on the cable 13, or the rotational speed of the rotors, or, for safety, as a function of both.

 The servo comprises a rail 22 fixed to the structure 15 at equal distance from the axes 16 perpendicular to the plane they form.

 Inside this C-rail 22 slides, prisoners, two roller carriages 23 and 24, the carriage 23 carries a pulley centered in a plane parallel to the sail plane and perpendicular to the rail 22. The cable 13 bypasses the front pulley to be fixed to the highest end of the rail 22. The pulley constitutes the effective securing point of the cable 13.

 The carriage 24 circulates between the fixed end of the cable 13 and the carriage 23 and carries one of the ends of a gas jack 25 and one of the ends of an electric jack 26 whose two other ends are fixed, for one to the pulley carriage 23 and for the other at the point where the end of the cable 13 is fixed.

The two cylinders 25 and 26 are therefore mounted one behind the other.

 When the tension of the cable 13 creates a thrust greater than the nominal thrust of the gas spring 25, the latter retracts so that the torque exerted by this tension on the recuperator 3 decreases until it s' ensues a new balance in a position where, the wing having less surface to the wind, the thrust of the jack 25 balances the tension of the cable 13.

 The pressure of the gas spring 25 being substantially constant, this amounts to reducing the moment of inclination exerted by the cable 13 on the structure and consequently reducing the motor effect of the wind on the wing.

 When the speed of the generator motors 28 reaches the limit speed, the electric actuator 26 is operated by a tachometric contactor and retracts, causing the same effect of reduction of the tilting moment as before until the speed is reduced. at the right value.

 Conversely, when the speed becomes insufficient, the electric actuator 26 is operated by the tachometer switch and lengthens until the speed is again in conformity or until it reaches its end of travel stop.

Finally, each rotary wing 17 has radially outside its rim 29 rigid fins 40 which exert on the rim 29 a centrifugal force, the variation of which is an increasing function of the speed of rotation of the wing, and which can be advantageously used to change the inclination of these fins by the rotation of the axis which retains them, so that successively:
- they project the air against the current and create a vacuum downstream of the rotors when the motor-generators rotate below their nominal no-load speed, and thus actively participate in takeoff;
- they lose all lift when the generator motors run at their nominal no-load speed;
- they are powered by the wind when it drives the airfoils at a speed allowing the motor-generators to operate as generators
- they finally oppose the rotation of the airfoils when the maximum speed is reached, in assistance or replacement of the electric actuator 26.

 In contrast, the individual sails 17a of the airfoils 17 are not subject to any adjustment during the different operating phases: on take-off, the increase in axial forces which they generate as a consequence of their overspeed communicated by the motor-generators 28 operating as a motor.

 For this purpose, the sails 17a have a sufficiently low inclination with respect to the plane of desire so that, at the minimum wind speed for which the wind turbine is put into service, the relative wind speed (vector addition of the absolute wind speed, perpendicular to the plane of the rotors, and the relative speed of the air assumed to be stationary with respect to the sail in motion, which relative speed is tangential to the axis of the wing) is directed towards the face sails which is turned towards the pivot 2. Thus, on takeoff, the sails 17a and the fins 40, although inclined in opposite directions, all produce an axial force directed in the same direction, more or less obliquely upwards.

The springs which oppose the centrifugal forces exerted on the fins 40 must be strictly identical and must be able to be readjusted over time.
To this end, they will advantageously consist of an endless flexible tube 31 (FIG. 10) analogous to an air chamber, a T-shaped inflation valve of which is accessible from the outside of the tube of the rim 29. This tube is capable of withstand an inflation pressure of a few bars and its half-length is substantially equal to the circumference of the rim 29 in which it is threaded to form two loops not joined between which pass the axes 41 of each fin 40 which hold the loops 31 on along the rim tube thanks to a yoke-shaped profile 32 supported by the two loops 31.

 Between the head of the axis 41 of the fin and the yoke 32, a ball bearing 33 allows the rotation of the axis 41. This rotation is controlled by a bolt 36 passing through a tube 37 welded perpendicularly to the head of the axis 41 and the two ends of which are fitted with rolling tubes 42, a washer 38 and a pin 39 move in two helical slots 35 symmetrical with respect to the axis of a fixed ring 34 transversely to the rim tube 29.

 In its radial movements due to the centrifugal force, each pin 41 for retaining the ailerons is necessarily driven in rotation by the tube 37 in which the bolt 36 rotates passing through the two helical slots 35.

 The ring 34 is advantageously fixed to the rim 29 by silicone sealant 43 introduced between them by means of a pump.

 The numerous adjustments possible both during construction "length and slope of the helical slots, length of yoke, diameter of the tube", and during use "inclination of the blade relative to its axis and air pressure at the interior of the flexible pipes "optimize the double inclination of the ailerons, a variable equidistance in the center of wing and a great precision of the angle of incidence related to the speed of rotation.

Figure 7 shows the different phases of the flight:
In position A, the recuperator is on the ground.

When the wind reaches the speed at which the timed switch 9 connects the motor-generators 28 to the network, these drive the rotary airfoil whose speed modifies the relative wind on the sails 17a and possibly the fins which are then subjected to forces stronger parallel to the axis of rotation, which allow the machine to take off.

 The centrifugal effect of the rotary wings and the generator motors gives the machine 3 stability in the other two directions.

 As the recuperator 3 reaches positions B, C and finally D, the wind exerts on the retaining cables 11 more and more forces compared to that which it exerts on the adjustment cable 13 more fine, since less stressed, and not insulated by a plastic sheath.

 These forces exerted by the retaining cables, gradually tilt the recuperator so that its inclination relative to the horizontal decreases.

 Position D corresponds to the position where the wind speed at this altitude is sufficient to allow it to drive the airfoils at a speed higher than that at which they are driven by the engine-generators, which therefore start to operate as generators .

 The engagement of the timed anemometric switch 27 is adjusted to put the recuperator 3 in service when the wind is sufficient so that assisted by the engines the recuperator 3 can take off and find sufficient wind at altitude for the airfoil to reach the speed where the motor-generators operate as generators.

If the wind speed becomes insufficient, the machine must be in this position Dr the anemometric switch disconnects the generator motors from the network and the recuperator lands by hovering with spontaneous rotation of the rotors (positions J,
K, A).

 If the wind strengthens, the tension on the retaining cables 11 increases, their radius of curvature increases, so that the recuperator moves away from the pivot 2. The adjustment cable 13 does not allow the recuperator to move away from the reel 12 to which it is attached as far as the retaining cables 11 allow, the recuperator 3 modifies its inclination and is positioned at E then F.

 If the tension on the adjustment cable exceeds the nominal thrust of the gas spring 25, this retracts and allows the attachment point of the adjustment cable 13 to move towards the plane of the axes of the wings, and the recuperator 3 decreases its inclination and has less and less resistance to wind as it strengthens. The recuperator 3 thus successively reaches positions G, H then I, which are increasingly higher because the decrease in inclination of the recuperator increases its lift. In the event of overspeed, by disjunction of the network for example, the tachometric contactor operates the electric actuator 26 which retracts and the stowage point of the adjustment cable 13 approaches the plane of the axes of the wings so that the recuperator 3 reduces tilt and offers less surface to the wind.

 Preferably and for safety, the electric actuator 26 operates on direct current and is supplied by a battery recharged by a charger on board with it on the recuperator 3.

 For reasons of economy, the rims 29 of the rotary wings can advantageously be made from cold-bent tubular metallic elements joined and held together by internal conical sleeves. These curved elements form a torus placed in compression by the tensioning of the spokes and sails whose point of listening will be fixed on the tubular element closest to that where the radius is fixed.

 The number of spokes and corresponding sails can advantageously be determined by the number of tubular elements that the transport and manufacturing constraints impose.

 The spokes will advantageously be made like a turnbuckle, that is to say comprising for example a tube whose tapped ends on the left for one and on the right for the other each receive a corresponding bolt for fixing under tension to the rim or to the hub, with locking by lock nut.

 The pierced angle iron for fixing the sheet tensioner of each sail is fixed by bolting to the corresponding rim segment.

 The sails 17a advantageously consist of a canvas quadrilateral equipped with an eyelet at each of its vertices.

 This quadrilateral is folded along one of its diagonals around a respective one of the spokes of the rotor, which extends along this diagonal. The two opposite eyelets adjacent to this diagonal serve to tension the sail along the mast-radius that it surrounds. The other two eyelets, joined for folding in half, are used to receive the aforementioned sheet tensioner, fixed to the rim at a distance from this mast spoke, so that each sail 17a is stretched between a mast spoke and a tensioner. listening.

 So that the protective sheath of the cables for retaining and transporting electrical energy 11 is not deteriorated by the voltage applied to them, their connections to the carriage and to the flying machine are made by means of half-tube loops ovoid in shape and cable ties with large pressure surface.

 A lightning rod fixed to the chassis 15 is directly connected to the adjustment cable 13 which is advantageously flat and bypasses a conduction element electrically connected to the carriage and whose sleeve greased with conductive grease is earthed by the pivot 2, itself even specially well connected to the earth.

 The flight of the recuperator is triggered or stopped by the omnidirectional manipulator which is actuated by the thrust of the wind on its antenna 27 and which connects or disconnects the generator engine to the network.

 The length of the telescopic antenna 27 is chosen according to the configuration of the terrain, the length of the cables and the wind gradient as a function of the altitude. The connection to the network is adjusted in order to make the recuperator take off each time the wind at the maximum altitude fixed by the length of the cable 13 is sufficient for the wind turbine to produce significant power and statistically for a period long enough for the operation is economically viable.

 A timer prevents the operation from being started until the wind is well established.

 Preferably in order to horizontally stabilize the recuperator 3 in the takeoff and landing phases, the generator motors 28 are each equipped with two flywheels which stabilize, by gyroscopic effect, the recuperator so that the axes of the generator motors 28 tend to move parallel to the plane where they were when they were connected or disconnected.

 When the wind weakens to the point where the manipulator is no longer actuated, the recuperator is automatically disconnected from the network and falls into gliding flight like a helicopter with engine failure.

 In case of sufficient or very strong wind, the operator can land the recuperator, by shortening the cable 13 by the winch until the recuperator takes a more horizontal position causing it to land.

 Of course, the present invention is not limited to the example described, and adjustments can be made to this example.

 Thus, a chassis 15 can be provided which can receive more than two rotary wings and more than two motor-generators.

One can also provide a carriage 1 not connected to the pivot moving on a circular path under the effect of the traction of the cable 13
A machine can also be provided, all of the elements of which would be on a body of water for fixed use by anchoring or mobile to participate in the propulsion of a boat on which the pivot 2 would be located.

 One can likewise provide a jack controlling the angular displacement around an axis passing through the point of attachment of the end of the cable 13 to the rail 22 and parallel to the axes of the rotary wings for transversely displacing the effective point of securing of the cable. 13 and raise the recuperator to the wind like a kite with two cables when the voltage of one of the retaining cables is varied.

 It is also possible to provide that the jacks for adjusting the position of the effective stowage point of the cable 13 are remotely controlled and receive their instructions directly from a computer integrating for example the course of the ship and the direction of the wind.

 It is also possible to replace the sails with rigid or semi-rigid aerodynamic profiles.

Claims (16)

 1. Method for reinforcing the supply of an electrical network by recovery of wind energy by means of a wind turbine comprising a rotary energy recuperator, characterized in that this recuperator is self-supported by the wind, and in that a rotary wing (17) of the recuperator is mechanically connected to an electric motor-generator device (28) which can be driven by the wind recuperator (3) at a speed allowing it to supply the network, and in that at the putting into service, after having connected the recuperator to the ground by flexible means (11, 13), the recuperator is taken off using the electrical network to power the electric generator motor device, then operating as a motor, to allow the recuperator to reach the altitude where the wind speed is sufficient for the self-lift of the recuperator.  2. Wind turbine for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a surface mobile (1) mounted pivoting about a substantially vertical axis (2), an energy recuperator (3) self-supporting rotary wing (17), flexible means (11, 13) for connecting the recuperator to the ground against the aerodynamic effects exerted on it, and an electric motor-generator device (28) which is mechanically connected to the rotary wing, and electrically to the network, and which, used as a motor, increases the lift and the horizontal stability of the rotary wing of the recuperator enough to make the recuperator take off and position it in the high wind.  3. Wind turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that the motor-generator device, when operating as a motor, is electrically supplied by the network which it reinforces.  4. Wind turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that the electric motor-generator device (28) is of the asynchronous type operating as an electric generator when it is driven beyond its nominal speed by the driving action of the rotary wing. (17) without modifying its connection or its direction of rotation.  5. Wind turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that a part (17a, 40) of the airfoil is used to increase its lift force in low winds to take off and mount the recuperator until it finds the sufficient wind.  6. Wind turbine according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the flexible means (11, 13) comprise flexible retaining means (11) fixed to the recuperator at at least one fixing point located upstream of the center of thrust of aerodynamic forces.  7. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the flexible means comprise flexible adjustment means (13) which are fixed on the one hand to the mobile (1) and on the other hand to the recuperator on an axis of symmetry of the recuperator and at a distance from said fixing point, which distance determines an inclination of the recuperator as a function of the tension exerted by the aerodynamic forces on these flexible means (13).  8. Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the mobile is held on the ground, preferably by its weight, so that the length of the flexible adjustment means (13) determines the maximum altitude of the recuperator (3).  9. Machine according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that elastic adjustment means (23) of the aforementioned distance are compressibly elastically to reduce this distance when the tension of the flexible adjustment means (13) tends to exceed a maximum value.  10. Machine according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that controlled adjustment means (24) of said distance are electrically controlled by the speed of rotation of the motor-generator device (28) to limit the power and frequency.  11. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the recuperator (3) comprises at least one pair of rotary wings (17) constructed to turn in opposite directions.  12. Wind turbine according to claim 11, characterized in that the two rotary wings (17) comprise a peripheral rim (29) which transmits wind energy directly to the same electric motor-generator device (28).  13. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the motor-generator device comprises two motor generators (28) rotating in opposite directions and mounted in symmetrical positions relative to a sail plane of the recuperator, and in that four flywheels are fixed at the ends of the shafts of the two generator motors to stabilize the recuperator horizontally.  14. Wind turbine according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the rotary wing comprising a rim (29), spokes and flexible blades each comprising a sail (17a) folded in half along and around a respective radius.  15. Wind turbine according to one of claims 2 to 10 or 14, characterized in that the rotary airfoil comprises airfoil elements (40) distributed around its periphery, suspended radially on the same air mattress (31) and mounted to pivot in as a function of their radial movements, so that the centrifugal force exerted on these airfoils (40) modifies their inclination relative to the airfoil as a function of the speed of rotation of the airfoil.  16. Wind turbine according to one of claims 2 to 7 or 9 to 15, characterized in that the mobile (1) and the pivot (2) can be installed on a body of water or on a boat.