FR2655465A1 - Energy source system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing energy, consisting in - filling a body with radicals and/or ions of at least one isotope of hydrogen, at least a part of the body comprising at least one metal capable of forming a network system of the metal hydride type; - arranging the filled body as the only conductive member of a capacitive system inside an electrical circuit, the other conductive member of the said capacitive system being connected to a voltage supply device; and - recovering the energy produced inside said body by making use of the voltage supply device. The system in question is coupled to a working machine as a part of an integrated energy cycle.

Description

 The present invention relates to an energy source system and a method for producing energy.

 In particular, the present invention relates to a method for recovering energy from network systems of the metal hydride type. Recently, the unexpected phenomenon of cold nuclear fusion in metallic deuteride network systems has not only sparked speculation about the replacement of existing energy sources but has also sparked serious research and experimentation around the world to study the phenomenon. specified above and further to increase energy efficiency.

 So far, two methods have been successfully considered for the reproducible production of cold nuclear fusion energy.

 In the first method, according to the experiments exposed by Fleischmann, Pons and Jones, two metal electrodes, one of which is made of palladium (Pd) or titanium (Ti) and the other of which is in Gold (Au) or platinum (Pt ) are arranged in an electrolytic solution containing a high concentration of deuterium oxide (D20). The above electrode / electrolyte theme sys functions as an electrode cell during electrolysis After switching to a constant current with an intensity between 10 and 500 mA, both an excess heat and neutrons which apparently result from a nuclear fusion.

 In the second method, developed by a group of Italian scientists in Frascati, which consists in pressurizing gaseous deuterium in shavings and turns of titanium under high pressure (50 bar) and low temperature (77 K), the phenomenon ci above was also observed.

 Although it has been reported that the above results are reproducible and clearly indicate energy production, many problems still need to be overcome. Perhaps the most important of these problems is how to control such an energy production system. For example, in the first method above, self-triggering of energy production must be expected, which makes the system uncontrolled and uncontrollable. In addition, no efficient energy recovery was suggested in any of the systems.

 The present invention therefore aims to provide a method of energy production, equipped with controllable triggering means, an interruption device and restarting means.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a power source system ready to operate and having operating conditions which can be easily modified.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide an energy source system which can be suitably coupled to a working system.

 The present invention further aims to design and develop an energy source system which can be integrated into existing energy cycles.

The subject of the invention is therefore a method for producing energy, comprising the steps consisting in:
- fill a body with radicals and / or ions
at least one isotope of hydrogen, at least one
part of the body containing at least one sus metal
capable of forming a network system of the type
metallic hydride
- arrange the filled body as the conductive element
unique of a capacitive system inside a
electrical circuit, the other conductive element
of said capacitive system being connected to a dispo
voltage supply sitive; and
- recover the energy produced inside said
body by implementing the feed device
tation in tension.

 In an advantageous embodiment according to the present invention, the filling of the body is carried out by arranging the body in the form of an electrode device in an electrochemical system and by exposing the body to radicals and / or ions to from this system.

 In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the filling of the body is carried out by placing the body in a pressurized container containing under pressure a gas comprising at least one hydrogen isotope and by exposing the body to radicals and / or ions originating from of said gas.

 In yet another embodiment of the invention, the filling of the body is advantageously carried out by arranging the body as an electrode device in an electrical control circuit and by exposing the body to said radicals and / or ions.

 According to the method of the present invention, said body is advantageously exposed to a flow containing radicals and / or ions which are produced by means of an electric discharge, and the energy produced is recovered from a heat exchanger device. heat.

Furthermore, the invention provides an energy source system comprising
- a body, at least part of which comprises
minus a metal capable of forming a system of
metallic hydride type network;
- a generating device for producing radicals
and / or ions of at least one hydrogen isotope
to be introduced into said body; and
- a recovery device to recover
the energy produced inside said body.

 Advantageously, said system allows reliable and controllable coupling to a working machine which allows complete integration into an energy cycle.

 In an advantageous embodiment of the system according to the present invention, the body is an electrode device arranged in an electrochemical system acting as a generator device for producing said radicals and / or ions.

 In another advantageous embodiment of the system of the present invention, the body is placed in a pressurized container, the generator device comprising a pressurization device for pressurizing a gas comprising said radicals and / or ions.

 In yet another embodiment of the system according to the present invention, the body is advantageously an electrode device in an electrical circuit, this circuit further comprising said generator device, in which the electrode device is the single conductive element a capacitive device, the other conductive element being connected to a controllable voltage supply device.

 According to yet another advantageous embodiment, said system comprises a screen device intended to be interposed between said body and said generating device in order to regulate the penetration of radicals and / or ions in said body.

Other details of the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figures 1A and 1B show curves schematically explaining the basic principles of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of the energy source system according to the present invention.

 Before disclosing the specific characteristics as well as other details of the present invention, a brief presentation of some electrostatic principles will be made, with reference for this to Figures 1A and 1B.

 In FIG. 1A, a metal-electric interface is shown diagrammatically, for example in a capacitive device. The curve as shown can be considered as a cross section. On the abscissa axis, a distance parameter r is used, r being equal to 0 at said interface (the ordinate axis for r = 0 schematically representing the interface).

 In FIG. 1B, the same interface is represented on a curve schematically showing the distance r on the abscissa axis, as specified above, and the intensity of the electric field E on the ordinate axis.

 In detail in FIG. A, the rounded area of the curve to the right of r = 0, bearing the reference numeral 1, represents the functioning of metal as a conducting element in a capacitive device, while to the left of r = 0, indicated by the reference numeral 2, the dielectric is shown, the metal and the dielectric being homogeneous media.

 In FIG. 1B, the short electric field intensity E with respect to the distance r represents the situation of an electrically charged capacitor. As is known in basic physics, the electric field inside a metal is zero and has a constant value in a dielectric, for example in a flat capacitor. In order to normalize the voltage, references such as earthing references and load differences, the values of the electric field E are presented as modular values [E]. The constant value of the electric field referred to above is indicated by E ,.

 As specified above, the body can be filled electrochemically, mechanically or electrically.

 Respectively in the electro-mechanical path, the body is an electrode device arranged in an electrolyte, the body being charged with radicals and / or ions of at least one isotope of hydrogen, produced from a electrolytic technique.

 When it is filled mechanically, the body is placed in a pressurized container, said radicals and / or ions being pressurized at an appropriate temperature and then introduced into said body.

 In the electrical pathway for filling said body, plasma-like conditions are created around the body, for example by arc, spark, or corona discharges of a gas containing at least one isotope of hydrogen, and thus allows radicals and / or ions to enter the body resulting from these conditions.

 The presence of a surface charge inside the metal at the metal / dielectric interface is of great importance for the basic principle of the present invention. In particular, in an assembly of the capacitor type, such a surface charge results in an effective separation of the charges according to the phenomenon of electrical influence (or electrostatic induction) thus designated. According to the basic principles of physics, it is therefore possible to positively or negatively charge a conductive element to be influenced in the above manner. Furthermore, the fact mentioned above of electrically influencing an already charged body makes it possible to reposition the charges introduced previously.

 Referring now to Figure 2, an advantageous embodiment of the energy source system according to the present invention is shown, a system in which the body is advantageously filled with radicals and / or ions of at least one isotope of hydrogen by electric means. The aforementioned method of producing energy and the related energy source system will now be described in more detail.

 In Figure 2, there is shown an electrical circuit comprising a body 11 arranged in the form of an electrode device. In said circuit, a generator device 15 is connected on one side with both the earth 19 and said body 11, and on the other side with an electric discharge device 30.

 In another embodiment of the present invention, said electrode device is the single conductive element of a capacitive device, the other conductive element 12 being juxtaposed with a dielectric element 13 located between them.

 Said other conductive element 12 can also be included in the above electrical circuit or can be mounted in a separate circuit.

 In Figure 2, there is shown a voltage supply 14 capable of being regulated and coupled to the other conductive element 12, either to be implemented separately from the circuit 11, 15, 30, or to be connected to this by means of a connector 16.

 In the present invention, the body 11 is either loaded and filled with radicals and / or ions of at least one isotope of hydrogen. Consequently, the above generator device 15 is connected to the above-mentioned electrical discharge device 30 to produce said radicals and / or ions, this device 30 being mounted in a chamber 18.

Said chamber 18 is connected to a gas supply device 20 to supply a gas containing at least one hydrogen isotope. For example, mixtures of hydrogen (H2) and deuterium (D2) molecules can be provided. Furthermore, said supply device comprises a pressure control device in order to create suitable pressure conditions inside said chamber. When supplied, said molecules will be energetically energized in their radical or ionic form by means of a discharge device 30. However, as will be clear to those skilled in the art, several types of electrical discharge devices such as an arc, sparks or a Corona discharge device could also be used Thus the body 11 is exposed to said radicals and / or ions
Another important characteristic is the way of operating the generator device which controls the electric discharge device 30. In general, the generator device supplies a direct or pulsed voltage, as represented in FIG. 2 by the forms of signals sl and s2, respectively.

 In addition, the body undergoing electrical influences 11 is produced in the capacitive arrangement by controlling the voltage supply 14. As shown in FIG. 2, said voltage supply 14 can be connected to the circuit 11, 15, 30 at the means of the connector 16, that is to say in any position inside the circuit.

 From the above, it is very clear to those skilled in the art that the actuation of said capacitor (by charging its single conductive element with said radicals and / or ions) can be carried out in any suitable manner.

 For example, the combination of the voltage supply 14 and the connector 16 can be implemented as a neutralization device intended to neutralize the electric charges having penetrated into said body 11.

 In the case where ions mainly enter, such penetration will be reduced, however, up to a certain level, due to the increase in the electrical repulsive forces originating from the charges already present inside said conductor. In addition, a dielectric breakdown in the dielectric 13 must be avoided due to a possible overload of said conductive elements. Therefore, said ions must be neutralized repeatedly by means of said neutralization device 14, 16.

 In another embodiment of the circuit, a voltage can be applied to the other conducting element 12, thereby acting externally on the distribution of charges present inside the body 11. In particular, this will be advantageous when the the voltage supply 14 is operated by pulse and intermittently as a function of the pulses of the generator device, that is to say that the quantity of energy produced will increase significantly.

 Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment, the combination of the voltage supply 14 and the connector 16 can simply function as a switch connected between the other conductor 12 and the earth 19, thus functioning as a charge supply device. , the switch also being capable of operating by pulses; for example, the switch is included in a spark generator, the generator 15 being disconnected from the body 11 (for reasons of clarity; not shown in Figure 2).

 As specified above, the recovery of energy from at least one electrode device filled with said radicals and / or ions is the object of the invention. Consequently, at least a part of said body 11 can be a metal or an alloy forming a hydride type network system, said metal or said metals having gaps in their energy atomic level d and / or higher. In particular, palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni) and lanthanum (La) are suitable elements for forming such a body. For example, said portion is a layer 32 deposited on said body.

 The energy produced inside said body comes from physical and / or chemical processes. A recent physical explanation is directed to nuclear fusion and also refers to a cold nuclear fusion or even a piezonuclear fusion.

 As the dielectric element 13, a heat exchanger device is chosen which is suitable for recovering the energy produced inside said body. Both a solid arranged as an energy transfer device and a fluid or a flow of fluid respectively in the form of an energy transfer device or an energy transport device can be used. In addition, it is also possible to use channels passing through said solid and conducting a fluid or a flow of fluid as above.

Advantageously, the dielectric comprises or is part of an energy cycle device, the reference numeral 17 representing a circuit device allowing energy recovery. As shown in the
Figure 2 by way of example, said circuit device is a fluid conduit device, the direction of fluid flow being indicated by arrows.

 In another embodiment of the above assembly, the fluid is pressurized in a pressurization device 21 in order to increase the efficiency of energy recovery. Advantageously, pressures between 100 kPa and 10,000 kPa will be used.

 As the fluid, hydrocarbons and / or derivatives thereof, and also water, can be used in an appropriate manner. In particular, hydrocarbons and / or their derivatives, advantageously having dielectric constants and high breakdown levels are especially preferred.

 Energy recovery can be carried out in a controlled manner either continuously or discontinuously. In addition, the electrical assembly allows energy recovery and filling of the body which can be carried out simultaneously or intermittently as specified above.

 In addition, it seems that it is advantageous to have a screen device 33 inside the chamber 18 so as to place it between the discharge device 30 and the body 11. In this way, the filling of said body with radicals and / or ions can be regulated.

 As shown in the assembly of Figure 2 (assuming it is a cross-sectional view), a cylindrical body, which is the electrode device 11, that is to say the single conductive element with a capacity as explained above, surrounds the other electrode 12 arranged in the form of an internal electrode inside the cylindrical body.

 The electric discharge device 30 comprises at least one annular device surrounding the body 11, provided with conductive brushes as an electric discharge device at its internal edge and connected to the generating device 15 by its external edge, in order to create sparks or a continuous arc between them.

 The above-mentioned screen device 33 is suitably a cylinder which can be interposed between the ring and the electrode device.

In addition, said layer 32, as shown in the
Figure 2, faces the conductive brushes of the electric discharge device 30.

In another advantageous embodiment, the presence of a temperature gradient between the conductor and the dielectric can increase the energy efficiency. In relation to Figure lA, said gradient should have a positive value and be able to be achieved by means of an indexing device (not shown in the
Figure 2 for clarity).

 The above energy recovery device can be coupled to a working machine 22, which results in an integrated energy cycle. Thus, the energy source system according to the present invention can be economically mounted on existing cycles.

 Yet another aspect of the present invention will be explained in the following. As specified above, said electrode device is charged with radicals and / or ions of at least one hydrogen isotope. In order to continue said entry and filling process in a reliable and controllable manner, at least some of the ions which have penetrated can be neutralized. Said neutralization can be carried out by means of a neutralization device 14, 16 as explained above and represented in FIG. 2. In general, said neutralization device comprises a device for supplying charges by pulses, having a functional range pulses from 10 Hz to 1 MHz. The combination of the voltage supply 14 and the connector 16 can be simply implemented in the form of a switch between the other conductor 12 and the earth 19, thus functioning as a load supply device having a range of pulse type operation.

 It is quite clear that an advanced control device, automatically regulating the interactive activities of the elements of the above system, in particular according to their operating modes, can further improve the energy yield and the efficiency of the above method for producing energy from said energy source system.

 Various modifications of the present invention will appear to those skilled in the art on reading the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Such modifications also fall within the scope of protection conferred by the claims.

Claims (43)

 1. Method for producing energy, comprising the steps of: - filling a body with radicals and / or ions  at least one isotope of hydrogen, at least one  part of the body containing at least one sus metal  capable of forming a network system of the type  metal hydride;  - arrange the filled body as the conductive element  unique of a capacitive system inside a  electrical circuit, the other conductive element  of said capacitive system being connected to a dispo  voltage supply sitive; and  - recover the energy produced inside said  body by implementing the feed device  tation in tension.  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said body is filled, this body being arranged in the form of an electrode device in an electrochemical system and exposed to radicals and / or ions originating from said system .  3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said body is filled, this body being disposed in a pressurized container containing under pressure a gas comprising at least one isotope of hydrogen, and exposed to radicals and / or ions from said gas.  4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said body is filled, this body being arranged as an element in an electrode device in operation in an electrical circuit and exposed to said radicals and / or ions.  5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the body is exposed to a flow containing said radicals and / or ions.  6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the energy produced is recovered from a heat exchanger device.  7. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the electrode device is the single conductive element of a capacitive device, the method further comprising the use of a voltage supply device by neutralization of the radicals and / or ions having entered said body.  8. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that a dielectric element of said capacitor is used as a heat exchanger device.  9. Method according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that said heat exchanger device is a solid arranged in the form of an energy transfer device.  10. The method of claim 6 or 8, wherein said heat exchanger device is a fluid flow arranged in the form of an energy transfer device.  11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the transport of energy is carried out by means of a flow of pressurized fluid.  12. Method according to claim II, in which the fluid is pressurized under a pressure between 100 kPa and 10,000 kPa.  13. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy recovery is carried out continuously.  14. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy recovery is carried out discontinuously.  15. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the recovery of energy is controlled by the interposition of a screen device in order to regulate the filling of said body.  16. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said radicals and / or ions are produced by means of an electric discharge.  17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that said radicals and / or ions are produced by pulses by operating in a pulse frequency range from 10 Hz to 1 MHz.  18. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of said energy is produced by fusion of said radicals and / or ions inside said body.  19. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least part of said energy is produced by nuclear fusion inside said body.  20. Energy source system comprising  - a body, at least part of which comprises  minus a metal capable of forming a system of  metallic hydride type network;  - a generating device for producing radicals  and / or ions of at least one hydrogen isotope  to be introduced into said body; and  - a recovery device to recover the  energy produced inside said body.  21. The system of claim 20, characterized in that the body is an electrode device arranged in an electrochemical system acting as a generator device for producing said radicals and / or ions.  22. System according to claim 20, characterized in that the body is arranged in a pressurized container, the generator device comprising a pressurization device for pressurizing a gas comprising said radicals and / or ions.  23. System according to claim 20, characterized in that the body is an electrode device in an electrical circuit, the circuit further comprising said generating device.  24. System according to any one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the generator device produces a flow of radicals and / or ions.  25. System according to any one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that it further comprises a screen device intended to be interposed between said body and said generator device in order to regulate the introduction of radicals and / or ions in said body.  26. The system of claim 23, characterized in that the electrode device is the single conductive element of a capacitive device, the other conductive element being connected to a voltage supply device capable of being regulated.  27. System according to claim 26, characterized in that the voltage supply device is a neutralization device for neutralizing the radicals and / or the ions having penetrated into said body.  28. The system of claim 20, wherein the recovery device comprises a heat exchange device.  29. System according to claim 26, characterized in that a dielectric element of said capacitor is a heat exchange device.  30. System according to claim 29, characterized in that said heat exchange device is a solid arranged in the form of an energy transfer device.  31. System according to claim 30, characterized in that said solid recovery means comprises channels passing through said solid and conducting a flow of fluid as an energy transport device.  32. System according to claim 29, characterized in that said heat exchange device is a flow of fluid arranged in the form of an energy transport device.  33. System according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the fluid comprises hydrocarbons and / or derivatives thereof.  34. System according to claim 31, characterized in that the fluid is water.  35. System according to any one of claims 31 to 34, characterized in that the fluid is a pressurized fluid.  36. System as claimed in claim 35, characterized in that the fluid has a pressure in the range of 100 to 10,000 kPa.  37. System according to claim 23, characterized in that said generating device comprises an electrical discharge device.  38. System according to claim 23 or 37, characterized in that said generating device is incorporated inside a chamber having reduced pressure.  39. System according to claim 37, characterized in that said generator device further comprises a pulse generator device.  40. System according to claim 27, characterized in that said neutralization device is a switch connected to the other conducting element.  41. System according to claims 27 and 34, characterized in that said neutralization device is connected to said pulse generator device.  42. System according to claim 39, characterized in that said pulse generator device has a range of operating frequencies from 10 Hz to 1 MHz.  43. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system is coupled to a working machine as part of an integrated energy cycle.