FR2650424A1 - Demonstration layout for teaching - Google Patents

Demonstration layout for teaching Download PDF

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FR2650424A1
FR2650424A1 FR8910121A FR8910121A FR2650424A1 FR 2650424 A1 FR2650424 A1 FR 2650424A1 FR 8910121 A FR8910121 A FR 8910121A FR 8910121 A FR8910121 A FR 8910121A FR 2650424 A1 FR2650424 A1 FR 2650424A1
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bodies
axes
bars
parallel
fixed
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FR2650424B1 (en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/08Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
    • G09B23/10Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of solid bodies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

These layouts should make it possible to establish a theory concerning the deformations or displacements of various elements of deformable mechanisms under the action of weights or point-like forces. These layouts include a mechanism represented by a rectangle 1, but which has the feature of including two bodies 5 or two bodies 7 capable of sliding without friction on cylindrical bars 4 or 9 and 10. If the bars remain horizontal upon the deformation of the mechanism 1, the two bodies may be identical to the body 5 being displaced on bars 4. If, on the contrary, the bars are displaced in direction upon the deformation of the mechanism 1, the two bodies are identical to the body 7 and are displaced on two parallel cylindrical bars 9 and 10. In this case the bodies 7 include a shaft 13 passing through the centre of gravity of the bodies 7 and perpendicular to the plane defined by the axes of the two bars 9 and 10, it being understood that these bars are being displaced in this plane upon the deformation of the mechanism 1. This shaft 13 comes to be housed in a slot 11 of a plate 12 parallel to the bars 9 and 10 and fixed in space.

Description

La diversité des mécanismes , ces derniers étant formés de barres articulées , de roues dentées ou non et de cables ou courroies dentées ou non , est infinie et à ma connaissance il n'éxiste pas de théorie gdnérale permettant d'étudier les déformations ou les déplacements des différents éléments de tels mécanismes sous lac- tion de poids ou de forces ponctuelles
Le mécanisme objet du brevet devrait permettre d'aider à établir cette théorie
Le principe du mécanisme objet du brevet est donné par les figures 1 et 2
Ce mécanisme est représenté par un rectangle en pointillé (1) mais il a la particularité de comporter deux corps (5) ou (7) pouvant se déplacer sans contraintes sur des barres cylindriques (4) ou (9) et (10) , d'où lgutilisation de roulements à billes longitudinaux .Si les barres restent horizontales lors de la déformation du mécanisme (1) les deux corps peuvent être identiques au corps (5) se déplaçant sur des barres (4) . Si par contre les barres se déplacent en direction lors de la déformation du mécanisme (1) les deux corps sont identiques au corps (7) et se déplacent sur deux barres cylindriques parallèles (9) et (10) . Dans ce cas les corps (7) comportent un axe (13) passant par le centre-de gravité des corps (7) et perpendiculaires au plan défini par les axes des deux barres (9) et (io) , en sous entendant que ces barres se déplacent dans ce plan lors de la déformation du mécanisme (1) . Cet axe (13) vient se loger dans une fente (il) d'une plaque (12) parallèle aux barres (9) et (10) .Cette fente (11) peut avoir toutes les formes désirées c'est à dire une droite , un cercle ou toute autre courbe
Le mécanisme (l) peut avoir zéro , un , deux axes fixes ou plus ici rep6eentés par les points (2) et (3)
Les fi'gxres 3 et 4 montrent un premier mécanisme (1) simple
Ce dernier est un parallélogramme déformable dont deux côtés sont des plaquettes parallélipédiques (14) et (16) verticales , les deux autres cotés sont des plaquettes parallélipédiques (15) et (17) tournant autour des axes (2) et (3) placés en leur centre .Les quatre cttEs (14) , (15) , (16) et (17) réalisent le parallélogramme gracie à quatre axes (20)
A chacune des plaquettes verticales (14) et (16) est fixée une barre cylindrique (4) . Sur les deux barres cylindriques (4) se dé place , sur chacune d'elles , un corps (5) , les deux corps (5) étant identiques et de même poids
Les deux axes (2) et (3) fixés perpendiculairement sur une plaque verticale (18) fixée elle même sur un socle (19) . Les deux axes (2) et (3) sont donc supposés fixes dans l'espace .
The diversity of the mechanisms, the latter being formed of articulated bars, toothed wheels or not and cables or belts toothed or not, is infinite and to my knowledge there is no general theory allowing to study deformations or displacements different elements of such mechanisms under activation of weight or point forces
Patent Mechanism Should Help Establish This Theory
The principle of the patented mechanism is given in Figures 1 and 2
This mechanism is represented by a dotted rectangle (1) but it has the particularity of comprising two bodies (5) or (7) which can move without constraints on cylindrical bars (4) or (9) and (10), d 'where the use of longitudinal ball bearings. If the bars remain horizontal during the deformation of the mechanism (1) the two bodies can be identical to the body (5) moving on bars (4). If on the other hand the bars move in direction during the deformation of the mechanism (1) the two bodies are identical to the body (7) and move on two parallel cylindrical bars (9) and (10). In this case the bodies (7) have an axis (13) passing through the center of gravity of the bodies (7) and perpendicular to the plane defined by the axes of the two bars (9) and (io), implying that these bars move in this plane during the deformation of the mechanism (1). This axis (13) is housed in a slot (il) of a plate (12) parallel to the bars (9) and (10). This slot (11) can have any desired shape, i.e. a straight line , a circle or any other curve
Mechanism (l) can have zero, one, two or more fixed axes here represented by points (2) and (3)
Figures 3 and 4 show a first simple mechanism (1)
The latter is a deformable parallelogram of which two sides are vertical parallelepiped plates (14) and (16), the other two sides are parallelipedic plates (15) and (17) rotating around the axes (2) and (3) placed in their center. The four cttEs (14), (15), (16) and (17) carry out the gracie parallelogram with four axes (20)
To each of the vertical plates (14) and (16) is fixed a cylindrical bar (4). On the two cylindrical bars (4) moves, on each of them, a body (5), the two bodies (5) being identical and of the same weight
The two axes (2) and (3) fixed perpendicularly on a vertical plate (18) fixed itself on a base (19). The two axes (2) and (3) are therefore assumed to be fixed in space.

il va de soi que l'ensemble du système décrit doit être construit de telle sorte que sans , ou avec , les corps (5) il soit toujours en équilibre qu1elle que soit la forme du parallélogramme
Les figures 5 et 6 montrent un deuxième mécanisme (1) simple
Le mécanisme est composé d'une plaque (22) parallélipédique fixée à un axe (29) placé à son centre et qui lui est perpendiculaire . Cet axe (29) est libre en rotation dans un corps (35) , ce dernier étant fixé sur une plaque verticale (31) elle même fixée sur un socle (32).
it goes without saying that the entire system described must be constructed in such a way that without or with the bodies (5) it is always in equilibrium whatever the shape of the parallelogram
Figures 5 and 6 show a second simple mechanism (1)
The mechanism consists of a parallelepipedic plate (22) fixed to an axis (29) placed at its center and which is perpendicular to it. This axis (29) is free to rotate in a body (35), the latter being fixed on a vertical plate (31) itself fixed on a base (32).

L'axe (29) est donc supposé fixe dans 11 espace et parallèle au socle.The axis (29) is therefore assumed to be fixed in space and parallel to the base.

Sur la plaque verticale (31) est fixée une roulette (23) de mE- me axe (29) mais fixe par rapport à la plaque verticale (31)
Equidistants de l'axe (29) se trouvent deux axes (27) et (33) perpendiculaires à la plaque (22) et libres en rotation dans les corps (26) et (34) fixés sur la plaque (22) . Aux axes (27) et (53) sont fixées respectivement les roulettes (20) et (25) identiques à la roulette (23) .
On the vertical plate (31) is fixed a caster (23) with the same axis (29) but fixed relative to the vertical plate (31)
Equidistant from the axis (29) are two axes (27) and (33) perpendicular to the plate (22) and free to rotate in the bodies (26) and (34) fixed on the plate (22). To the axes (27) and (53) are fixed respectively the rollers (20) and (25) identical to the roller (23).

Aux roulettes (20) et (25) est fixée à chacune une barre cylindrique (4) sur laquelle se déplace un corps (5) . Les deux corps (5) sont identiques et de même poids
Un petit cable (21) part du point (35) de la roulette (20) pour arriver au point (30) de la roulette (23) . Un petit cable (24) part du point (28) de la roulette (25) pour arriver au point (30) de la roulette (23) .Grâce à ces deux cables (21) et (24) les deux barres (4) restent horizontales qu'elle que soit l'orientation de la plaque (22)
il va de soi que l'ensemble doit être construit de telle sorte que sans ou avec les corps (5) il soit toujours en équilibre qu'elle que soit l'orientation de la plaque (22)
Les figures 7 et 8 montrent un autre mécanisme (1) simple
Sur la figure 7 il a été supprimé pour une raison de clarté la plaque (41)
Ce mécanisme est composé de deux corps (38) et (40) identiques fixés perpendiculairement à un cylindre (39) grâce par exemple à des vis (42) . Les deux corps (38) et (40) sont perpendiculaires entr'eux et le cylindre (39) tourne librement dans une plaque verticale (31) fixée à un socle (32) .Le cylindre (39) est horizontal
Sur les deux corps (38) et (40) sont fixées les deux barres pa parallèles (9) et (10) et sur, lesquelles viennent coulisser les corps (7) . Nous voyons que les deux corps (7) comportent l'axe (13) , libre en rotation , passant par le centre de gravité des corps (7) et parallèle à l'axe du cylindre (39) . Les deux axes (13) viennent s'appuyer sur la paroi des fentes (11) des plaques (36) et (41) parallèles aux axes (9) et (10) . Ces fentes (11 ) ont les formes définies pour les besoins de l'expérience et la fente (il) de la plaque (36) n'est pas forcément identique à la fente (li) de la plaque (41).
To the rollers (20) and (25) is fixed to each a cylindrical bar (4) on which a body (5) moves. The two bodies (5) are identical and of the same weight
A small cable (21) leaves from point (35) of the caster (20) to arrive at point (30) of the caster (23). A small cable (24) leaves from the point (28) of the caster (25) to reach the point (30) of the caster (23). Thanks to these two cables (21) and (24) the two bars (4) remain horizontal whatever the orientation of the plate (22)
it goes without saying that the assembly must be constructed in such a way that without or with the bodies (5) it is always in balance regardless of the orientation of the plate (22)
Figures 7 and 8 show another simple mechanism (1)
In Figure 7 it has been deleted for reasons of clarity the plate (41)
This mechanism is composed of two identical bodies (38) and (40) fixed perpendicularly to a cylinder (39) using, for example, screws (42). The two bodies (38) and (40) are perpendicular to each other and the cylinder (39) rotates freely in a vertical plate (31) fixed to a base (32). The cylinder (39) is horizontal
On the two bodies (38) and (40) are fixed the two parallel bars pa (9) and (10) and on which slide the bodies (7). We see that the two bodies (7) have the axis (13), free to rotate, passing through the center of gravity of the bodies (7) and parallel to the axis of the cylinder (39). The two axes (13) come to bear on the wall of the slots (11) of the plates (36) and (41) parallel to the axes (9) and (10). These slots (11) have the shapes defined for the needs of experience and the slot (it) of the plate (36) is not necessarily identical to the slot (li) of the plate (41).

Dans le cas présent la fente (11) dans la plaque (36) a la forme d'un trou cylindrique (37)
il est à remarquer qui les centres de gravité des deux corps (7) se trouvent sur deux axes perpendiculaires ces derniers étant concourants avec l'axe du cylindre (39) et pouvant tourner autour de ce dernier
In the present case the slot (11) in the plate (36) has the shape of a cylindrical hole (37)
it should be noted that the centers of gravity of the two bodies (7) are on two perpendicular axes, the latter being concurrent with the axis of the cylinder (39) and being able to rotate around the latter

Claims (7)

REVENDI5ATIONSREVENDI5ATIONS 1) Mécanisme déformable (1) pouvant avoir zéro , un ou des axes de rotation fixes dans l'espace et parallèles entr'eux caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte deux axes (4) ou deux paires d'axes (9) et (10) parallèles entr'eux et parallèles au plan perpendiculaire aux axes de rotation du mécanisme et sur lesquels viennent coulisser librement sur chaque axe (4) un corps (5) ou sur chaque paire d'axes (9) et (io) un corps (7), le poids des deux corps (5) ou des deux corps (7) étant identique  1) Deformable mechanism (1) which may have zero, one or more axes of rotation fixed in space and parallel between them, characterized in that it comprises two axes (4) or two pairs of axes (9) and (10) parallel between them and parallel to the plane perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the mechanism and on which freely slide on each axis (4) a body (5) or on each pair of axes (9) and (io) a body (7), the weight of the two bodies (5) or of the two bodies (7) being identical 2) Mécanisme selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait que dans le cas où le mécanisme ne comporte que deux axes (4) sur lesquels viennent coulisser les deux corps (5) de poids identiques ces deux axes restent parallèles à lthorizontale ou parallèles entr'eux .  2) Mechanism according to claim 1 characterized in that in the case where the mechanism has only two axes (4) on which slide the two bodies (5) of identical weight these two axes remain parallel to lthorizontale or parallel entr ' them. 3) Mécanisme selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait que s'il a deux paires d'axes parallèles (9) et (10) ces derniers peuvent changer de direction lors de la déformation du mécanisme (1). 3) Mechanism according to claim 1 characterized in that if it has two pairs of parallel axes (9) and (10) the latter can change direction when the mechanism (1) is deformed. 4) Mécanisme selon la revendication 3 caractérisé par le fait que les deux poids (7) comportent un axe (13) passant par le centre de gravité des corps (7) et parallèle à l'un des axes de rotation du mécanisme (1) 4) Mechanism according to claim 3 characterized in that the two weights (7) have an axis (13) passing through the center of gravity of the body (7) and parallel to one of the axes of rotation of the mechanism (1) 5) Mécanisme selon la revendication 4 caractérisé par le fait que cet axe (13) vient se loger dans une fente (11) d'une plaque (12) perpendiculaire aux axes de rotation du mécanisme (1) cette plaque étant fixe dans l'espace 5) Mechanism according to claim 4 characterized in that this axis (13) is housed in a slot (11) of a plate (12) perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the mechanism (1) this plate being fixed in the space 6) Mécanisme selon la revendication 5 caractérisée par le fait que la fente (il) peut avoir toutes les formes désirées c'est à di-. 6) Mechanism according to claim 5 characterized in that the slot (it) can have all the desired shapes that is to say. re une droite , un cercle ou toute autre courbere a straight line, a circle or any other curve 7) Mécanisme selon les revendications 3 , 4 , 5 et 6 caractérisé par le fait que les deux paires d'axes (9) et (10) sont perpendicu lairds  7) Mechanism according to claims 3, 4, 5 and 6 characterized in that the two pairs of axes (9) and (10) are perpendicular lairds
FR8910121A 1989-07-27 1989-07-27 DEMONSTRATION ASSEMBLY FOR EDUCATION Expired - Lifetime FR2650424B1 (en)

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FR8910121A FR2650424B1 (en) 1989-07-27 1989-07-27 DEMONSTRATION ASSEMBLY FOR EDUCATION

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FR2650424B1 FR2650424B1 (en) 1991-10-11

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101763763B (en) * 2010-01-22 2012-07-04 同济大学 Friction testing device
CN103985291A (en) * 2014-06-09 2014-08-13 上海市第一中学 Training aid for measuring friction coefficient

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE844513C (en) * 1950-01-24 1952-07-21 Ernst Roggatz Device to illustrate the theoretical and practical kinematics
US3000114A (en) * 1958-10-14 1961-09-19 Orlov Konstantin Combined balance for solving equations and inequalities
FR2298148A1 (en) * 1975-01-15 1976-08-13 Anvar Rotation dynamics study device - has a plate with an angle piece and a shaft perpendicular to the plate
DE2823273A1 (en) * 1978-05-27 1979-11-29 Rudolf Litz Balance displaying mathematical equations and inequalities - has rectangular plates mounted on pins and attached by rods to balance beam
EP0240574A1 (en) * 1986-01-22 1987-10-14 Josef Osterried Beam balance for the demonstration of numbers as well as operations with and relationships between numbers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE844513C (en) * 1950-01-24 1952-07-21 Ernst Roggatz Device to illustrate the theoretical and practical kinematics
US3000114A (en) * 1958-10-14 1961-09-19 Orlov Konstantin Combined balance for solving equations and inequalities
FR2298148A1 (en) * 1975-01-15 1976-08-13 Anvar Rotation dynamics study device - has a plate with an angle piece and a shaft perpendicular to the plate
DE2823273A1 (en) * 1978-05-27 1979-11-29 Rudolf Litz Balance displaying mathematical equations and inequalities - has rectangular plates mounted on pins and attached by rods to balance beam
EP0240574A1 (en) * 1986-01-22 1987-10-14 Josef Osterried Beam balance for the demonstration of numbers as well as operations with and relationships between numbers

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101763763B (en) * 2010-01-22 2012-07-04 同济大学 Friction testing device
CN103985291A (en) * 2014-06-09 2014-08-13 上海市第一中学 Training aid for measuring friction coefficient

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FR2650424B1 (en) 1991-10-11

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