FR2649800A1 - Optical fibre which can be used especially for the implementation of time-domain reflectometry - Google Patents
Optical fibre which can be used especially for the implementation of time-domain reflectometry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2649800A1 FR2649800A1 FR8909497A FR8909497A FR2649800A1 FR 2649800 A1 FR2649800 A1 FR 2649800A1 FR 8909497 A FR8909497 A FR 8909497A FR 8909497 A FR8909497 A FR 8909497A FR 2649800 A1 FR2649800 A1 FR 2649800A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- implementation
- fiber
- time
- domain reflectometry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/3109—Reflectometers detecting the back-scattered light in the time-domain, e.g. OTDR
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
FIBRE OPTIQUE UTILISABLE NOTAMMENT POUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE
DE LA REFLECTOMETRIE TEMPORELLE
La présente invention est relative à une fibre optique.OPTICAL FIBER WHICH CAN BE USED IN PARTICULAR FOR IMPLEMENTATION
TEMPORAL REFLECTOMETRY
The present invention relates to an optical fiber.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement une fibre optique pour la mise en oeuvre de la technique dite de la réflectométrie temporelle en optique (en anglais O.T.D.R. The invention relates more particularly to an optical fiber for the implementation of the technique called temporal reflectometry in optics (in English O.T.D.R.
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry). Cette technique bien connue est utilisée par exemple pour caractériser longitudinalement une fibre ou pour interroger un réseau de capteurs.Optical Time Domain Reflectometry). This well known technique is used for example to characterize a fiber longitudinally or to interrogate a network of sensors.
La technique de réf lectométrie temporelle consiste à injecter, dans une fibre optique, une impulsion lumineuse d'une largeur de quelques dizaines de nanosecondes avec un taux de répétition de l'ordre du kHz. La lumière réfléchie est enregistrée en fonction du temps; cette lumière réfléchie peut avoir deux origines : soit une diffusion intrinsèque à la matière vitreuse dont est constituée la fibre (diffusion de type Rayleigh), soit une discontinuité d'indice due par exemple à une bulle ou une inclusion au sein de la fibre ou la présence de l'interface avec l'air à l'extrémité de la fibre. The temporal refectometry technique consists in injecting, into an optical fiber, a light pulse with a width of a few tens of nanoseconds with a repetition rate of the order of kHz. The reflected light is recorded as a function of time; this reflected light can have two origins: either a diffusion intrinsic to the glassy material of which the fiber is made (Rayleigh type diffusion), or a discontinuity of index due for example to a bubble or an inclusion within the fiber or the presence of the interface with air at the end of the fiber.
Plus la rétrodiffusion de lumière est importante, plus le signal transmis est atténué. Cette technique permet de localiser et de quantifier des hétérogénéités et des déformations de la fibre optique. Cette technique peut être également utilisée pour interroger et localiser un réseau de points sensibles répartis le long d'une fibre. The greater the backscatter of light, the more the transmitted signal is attenuated. This technique makes it possible to locate and quantify heterogeneities and deformations of the optical fiber. This technique can also be used to interrogate and locate a network of sensitive points distributed along a fiber.
Cependant, la lumière perdue au niveau d'un point de mesure n'est plus disponible pour interroger les capteurs suivants, ce qui limite les possibilités de la méthode à l'interrogation d'un nombre limités de capteurs. However, the light lost at a measurement point is no longer available to interrogate the following sensors, which limits the possibilities of the method to interrogate a limited number of sensors.
Si on élargit l'impulsion, on peut augmenter ainsi la dynamique de mesure, mais ceci se fait au détriment de la résolution spatiale. If we widen the pulse, we can increase the measurement dynamics, but this is at the expense of spatial resolution.
Il a été proposé, par le document FR-A-2 597 971, d'utiliser la lumière réfléchie et de travailler en échométrie temporelle. Dans la zone de la fibre que l'on veut rendre sensible, une courbure est appliquée par un dispositif extérieur muni d'une surface réfléchissante. It has been proposed, by document FR-A-2 597 971, to use the reflected light and to work in temporal echometry. In the area of the fiber to be made sensitive, a curvature is applied by an external device provided with a reflecting surface.
propre à renvoyer dans le coeur de la fibre une partie de l'énergie lumineuse qui s'en échappe.suitable for returning part of the light energy which escapes therefrom to the core of the fiber.
Cette technique permet d'exploiter un signal optique beaucoup plus important que celui disponible dans la technique utilisant la rétrodiffusion. This technique makes it possible to exploit a much larger optical signal than that available in the technique using backscattering.
Toutefois, le dispositif mis en oeuvre est encombrant et coûteux et exige un réglage difficile au niveau de chacune des zones sensibles. However, the device used is bulky and expensive and requires difficult adjustment at each of the sensitive areas.
Un but de l'invention est de réaliser une fibre optique permettant une mise en oeuvre aisée des techniques de réflectométrie par échométrie. An object of the invention is to provide an optical fiber allowing easy implementation of reflectometry techniques by echometry.
L'invention a pour objet une fibre optique, notamment pour la mise en oeuvre de la réflectrométrie temporelle, comprenant un coeur et une gaine, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en son sein des éléments réflecteurs. The invention relates to an optical fiber, in particular for the implementation of temporal reflectrometry, comprising a core and a sheath, characterized in that it comprises within it reflective elements.
De préférence, lesdits éléments réflecteurs sont placés au voisinage de la surface extérieure de la gaine. Preferably, said reflective elements are placed in the vicinity of the outer surface of the sheath.
Avantageusement, lesdits éléments sont constitués de fines particules de matériau réfractaire. Advantageously, said elements consist of fine particles of refractory material.
Ledit matériau est choisi dans le groupe constitué par le platine, l'or et l'acier inoxydable. Said material is chosen from the group consisting of platinum, gold and stainless steel.
Les éléments ont par exemple un diamètre moyen compris entre o,l et 10 microns. L'espacement moyen des éléments est compris entre 20 et 2000 microns. The elements have, for example, an average diameter of between 0.1 and 10 microns. The average spacing of the elements is between 20 and 2000 microns.
L'invention sera bien comprise par l'explication donnée ci-après en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel:
- la figure unique représente une fibre optique muni d'éléments réfléchissants.The invention will be better understood from the explanation given below with reference to the appended drawing in which:
- The single figure represents an optical fiber provided with reflective elements.
Dans la figure, la référence 1 désigne globalement une fibre optique ayant un coeur 2 et une gaine 3. In the figure, the reference 1 generally designates an optical fiber having a core 2 and a sheath 3.
Selon l'invention, des éléments réflecteurs 10 sont disposés au sein du matériau de la fibre, de préférence au voisinage de la surface extérieure de la gaine 3. According to the invention, reflective elements 10 are arranged within the material of the fiber, preferably in the vicinity of the outer surface of the sheath 3.
On a représenté dans la figure une zone sensible 4 de la fibre, sous la forme d'une courbure de la fibre. Si on applique un signal lumineux L à une extrémité 1A de la fibre, une partie de la lumière s'échappe du coeur au voisinage de la courbure 4; cette lumière qui s'échappe est représentée symboliquement dans la figure par des rayons 1 ; ces rayons 1 sont réfléchis par les éléments réflecteurs et rentrent à nouveau dans le coeur de la fibre. Une partie 1' des rayons réfléchis constitue le signal d'écho pour la zone 4; les autres rayons réfléchis 1" qui suivent le sens de la lumière L pourront participer à la mesure dans les autres zones sensibles de la fibre. There is shown in the figure a sensitive area 4 of the fiber, in the form of a curvature of the fiber. If a light signal L is applied to one end 1A of the fiber, part of the light escapes from the core in the vicinity of the curvature 4; this escaping light is symbolically represented in the figure by rays 1; these rays 1 are reflected by the reflective elements and re-enter the core of the fiber. A part 1 ′ of the reflected rays constitutes the echo signal for the zone 4; the other reflected rays 1 "which follow the direction of light L can participate in the measurement in the other sensitive areas of the fiber.
Le matériau choisi de préférence pour constituer les éléments réflecteurs 10 est un matériau réfractaire ne réagissant pas à l'action du verre et restant brillant pour favoriser la réfection de la lumière. Ce matériau est choisi de préférence dans le groupe constitué par le platine, l'or et l'acier inoxydable. The material preferably chosen to constitute the reflective elements 10 is a refractory material which does not react to the action of glass and which remains shiny to promote the repair of light. This material is preferably chosen from the group consisting of platinum, gold and stainless steel.
Les dimensions des éléments réflecteurs sont avantageusement comprises entre 0,1 et 10 microns. The dimensions of the reflecting elements are advantageously between 0.1 and 10 microns.
L'espacement moyen est de préférence compris entre 20 et 2000 microns.The average spacing is preferably between 20 and 2000 microns.
Pour obtenir la fibre selon l'invention, on peut procéder de la manière suivante: on place en suspension dans un liquide, tel que l'eau, des particules du matériau choisi à la granulométrie définie ci-dessus, et on les dépose régulièrement à l'intérieur du tube de dépôt (technique MCVD) avant le début de la phase de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur de. la gaine optique après attaque thermique de la surface intérieure, dépôt d'une couche de silice d'accrochage et dépôt d'une couche de silice poreuse. To obtain the fiber according to the invention, it is possible to proceed in the following manner: particles of the material chosen at the particle size defined above are placed in suspension in a liquid, such as water, and they are deposited regularly at inside the deposition tube (MCVD technique) before the start of the chemical vapor deposition phase. the optical sheath after thermal attack on the interior surface, deposition of a bonding silica layer and deposition of a porous silica layer.
On peut utiliser, soit une technique d'imprégnation par trempage, soit une technique de nébulisation telle que celle décrite dans le document FR-A-87 14 286. One can use either a soaking impregnation technique or a nebulization technique such as that described in document FR-A-87 14 286.
La fibre de l'invention permet une mise en oeuvre peu onéreuse des techniques de réflectométrie temporelle. The fiber of the invention allows inexpensive implementation of temporal reflectometry techniques.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8909497A FR2649800B1 (en) | 1989-07-13 | 1989-07-13 | OPTICAL FIBER FOR USE IN PARTICULAR FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEMPORAL REFLECTOMETRY |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8909497A FR2649800B1 (en) | 1989-07-13 | 1989-07-13 | OPTICAL FIBER FOR USE IN PARTICULAR FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEMPORAL REFLECTOMETRY |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2649800A1 true FR2649800A1 (en) | 1991-01-18 |
| FR2649800B1 FR2649800B1 (en) | 1991-09-20 |
Family
ID=9383790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8909497A Expired - Lifetime FR2649800B1 (en) | 1989-07-13 | 1989-07-13 | OPTICAL FIBER FOR USE IN PARTICULAR FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEMPORAL REFLECTOMETRY |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2649800B1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4626068A (en) * | 1982-07-29 | 1986-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Photoactive coating for hardening optical fibers |
| FR2597971A1 (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-30 | Photonetics | FIBER OPTIC SENSOR |
| US4765711A (en) * | 1983-09-16 | 1988-08-23 | Siecor Corporation | Underwater fiber optic cable weighted with metal particles |
-
1989
- 1989-07-13 FR FR8909497A patent/FR2649800B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4626068A (en) * | 1982-07-29 | 1986-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Photoactive coating for hardening optical fibers |
| US4765711A (en) * | 1983-09-16 | 1988-08-23 | Siecor Corporation | Underwater fiber optic cable weighted with metal particles |
| FR2597971A1 (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-30 | Photonetics | FIBER OPTIC SENSOR |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2649800B1 (en) | 1991-09-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD | Change of name or company name | ||
| ST | Notification of lapse |