FR2648612A1 - Two-phase/three-phase transformer - Google Patents

Two-phase/three-phase transformer Download PDF

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FR2648612A1
FR2648612A1 FR8907962A FR8907962A FR2648612A1 FR 2648612 A1 FR2648612 A1 FR 2648612A1 FR 8907962 A FR8907962 A FR 8907962A FR 8907962 A FR8907962 A FR 8907962A FR 2648612 A1 FR2648612 A1 FR 2648612A1
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turns
phase
core
windings
winding
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FR2648612B1 (en
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Francois Ronsin
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OPTIS ELEVATOR CY
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/12Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
    • H01F30/14Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers for changing the number of phases

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-phase/three-phase transformer comprising three magnetic cores 10, 12, 14 on which are coiled, on the three-phase side, three primary windings A5, A6, B5, B6, C5, C6 of N1 turns each, connected to a neutral N, and on the two-phase side: - a first phase comprising three windings in series, one A1 A2 of NA turns on the first core 10, the other B3 B4 of NC turns on the second core 12 and coiled in the same direction and the last C4 C3 of N3 turns on the third core 14 and coiled in the direction reverse to the first two windings, and - a second phase comprising three windings in series, one A3 A4 of NB turns coiled on the first core in the direction reverse to the other winding A1 A2, carried by the latter, the other B2 B1 of NC turns coiled on the second core in the same direction as the other winding B3 B4 carried by the latter, and the last C2 C1 of NA turns coiled on the third core 14, in the direction reverse to the other winding C4 C3 carried by the latter, the numbers of turns being connected by relations: NA = NC (2 - 2ROOT 3> NB = NC 2ROOT 3

Description

Transformateur diphasé-triphase.  Two-phase-triphase transformer.

La présente invention concerne un transformateur destiné à générer un courant électrique alternatif diphasé à partir d'un courant triphasé de même fréquence et inversement. The present invention relates to a transformer for generating a two-phase alternating electric current from a three-phase current of the same frequency and vice versa.

Un tel transformateur trouve son application dans certaines installations anciennes, dont l'équipement électrique est en diphasé et qui, pour des raisons économiques, n'ont pas subi les transformations nécessaires pour passer en triphasé. Such a transformer finds its application in some old installations, whose electrical equipment is in two-phase and which, for economic reasons, have not undergone the transformations necessary to go into three-phase.

Plusieurs transformateurs de ce type sont déjà couramment utilisés. On en décrira ci-après deux exemples parmi les plus connus, en regard des figures 1 à 4. Several transformers of this type are already commonly used. Two examples are described hereinafter among the best known, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

Le montage SCOTT représenté sur la figure 1 utilise deux transformateurs monophasés indépendants T1 et T2 ayant respectivement des enroulements primaires à nl et n'l spires et des enroulements secondaires à n2 spires chacun. L'une des extrémités de ltenroulement primaire du transformateur T2 est connectée en D, point milieu de l'enroulement primaire. du transformateur T1. Les trois phases du courant triphasé sont respectivement appliquées aux bornes AC, CB et BA, et on recueille aux bornes ab et cd des secondaires deux tensions électriques diphasées UBA et UCD, en quadrature, comme le montre la construction de
Fresnel de la figure 2.
The SCOTT assembly shown in FIG. 1 uses two independent single-phase transformers T1 and T2 respectively having primary windings with n1 and n1 turns and secondary windings with n2 turns each. One end of the primary winding of the transformer T2 is connected to D, the midpoint of the primary winding. of the transformer T1. The three phases of the three-phase current are respectively applied to the terminals AC, CB and BA, and at the secondary terminals ab and cd are collected two two-phase electrical voltages UBA and UCD, in quadrature, as shown by the construction of
Fresnel of Figure 2.

Toutefois, un tel montage présente un inconvénient majeur: bien que la charge au secondaire soit parfaitement équilibrée, celle vue par le réseau primaire ne l'est pas. However, such an arrangement has a major disadvantage: although the secondary load is perfectly balanced, that seen by the primary network is not.

Le montage LEBLANC illustré par la figure 3 remédie partiellement à ces inconvénients. The LEBLANC assembly illustrated in Figure 3 partially overcomes these disadvantages.

Ce montage emploie un unique transformateur à circuit magnétique triphasé. Sur les trois noyaux sont bobinés dans le même sens trois enroulements primaires de nl spires chacun. Les trois tensions triphasées VA, VB, Vc sont appliquées respectivement aux premières extrémités A,
B, C. Quant aux autres extrémités, elles sont reliées au neutre N. La première phase secondaire U1, comporte trois enroulements en série, ltun de n2 spires sur le premier noyau, les deux autres de n"2 spires chacun sur les deuxième et troisième noyaux. La deuxième phase secondaire
U2 comprend deux enroulements en série de n'2 spires chacun sur les deuxième et troisième noyaux.
This assembly uses a single three-phase magnetic circuit transformer. On the three cores are coiled in the same direction three primary windings of nl turns each. The three three-phase voltages VA, VB, Vc are applied respectively to the first ends A,
B, C. As for the other ends, they are connected to the neutral N. The first secondary phase U1, has three windings in series, one of n2 turns on the first core, the two others of n "2 turns each on the second and third nuclei The second secondary phase
U2 comprises two series windings of n'2 turns each on the second and third cores.

Un calcul simple montre que si la chargé au secondaire est équilibrée, on peut s'arranger à équilibrer également la charge au primaire. Dans ce cas, on a
n2 n.'2 n 2 U1 = - VA - - Vg - - Vç
n1 n1 n
nl2 nt2
U2 = VB - VC
n1 n1
Sur le diagramme de Fresnel de la figure 4, on a représenté les trois tensions triphasées VA, VB et Vc ainsi que les deux tensions triphasées en quatrature U1 et
U2. Le montage LEBLANC élimine donc l'inconvénient du montage SCOTT, mais il présente d'autres défauts:
- les trois noyaux magnétiques du transformateur sont soumis à des champs magnétiques différents;
- les trois noyaux ne portent pas le même nombre de spires; et
- les bobinages côté diphasé n'ont pas le même nombre de spires sur les deux phases.
A simple calculation shows that if the load in high school is balanced, we can arrange to balance also the load at the primary. In this case, we have
n2 n.'2 n 2 U1 = - VA - - Vg - - Vc
n1 n1 n
nl2 nt2
U2 = VB - VC
n1 n1
In the Fresnel diagram of FIG. 4, the three three-phase voltages VA, VB and Vc and the two three-phase voltages in quadatrack U1 and
U2. The LEBLANC assembly thus eliminates the drawback of the SCOTT assembly, but it has other defects:
the three magnetic cores of the transformer are subjected to different magnetic fields;
the three nuclei do not have the same number of turns; and
the two-phase windings do not have the same number of turns on the two phases.

En raison du déséquilibre des trois noyaux, il est impossible d'obtenir un bon rendement du transformateur. Due to the imbalance of the three cores, it is impossible to obtain a good performance of the transformer.

De plus, la ligne vue par l'utilisateur depuis le circuit secondaire présente des impédances différentes sur les trois phases. Ceci est gênant en cas de court-circuit, mais surtout quand les circuits secondaires comportent des redresseurs électroniques commandés, tels que thyristors, triacs, etc....In addition, the line seen by the user from the secondary circuit has different impedances on all three phases. This is annoying in the event of a short circuit, but especially when the secondary circuits comprise controlled electronic rectifiers, such as thyristors, triacs, etc.

La présente invention concerne un transformateur triphasé-diphasé parfaitement équilibré, ce qui suppose que les deux phases côté diphasé ont le même nombre de tours de même fil et que les trois noyaux du transformateur ont également le même nombre de tours de fils. The present invention relates to a perfectly balanced three-phase-two-phase transformer, which assumes that the two phases on the two-phase side have the same number of turns of the same wire and that the three cores of the transformer also have the same number of turns of wires.

Le transformateur selon l'invention se caractérise en ce qu'il comprend trois noyaux magnétiques sur lesquels sont bobinés du côté triphasé trois enroulements primaires de N1 spires chacun, reliés à un neutre, et du côté diphasé:
- une première phase comprenant trois enroulements en série, l'un de NA spires sur le premier noyau, l'autre de
NC spires sur le second noyau et bobiné dans le même sens et le dernier de N3 spires sur le troisième noyau et bobiné en sens inverse des deux premiers enroulements, et
- une seconde phase comprenant trois enroulements en série, l'un de NB spires bobiné sur le premier noyau dans le sens inverse de l'autre enroulement porté par ce dernier, l'autre de NC spires bobiné sur le second noyau dans le même sens que l'autre enroulement porté par ce dernier, et le dernier de NA spires bobiné sur le troisième noyau, dans le sens inverse de l'autre enroulement porté par ce dernier, les nombres de spires étant reliés par les relations:
NA = NC (2 - )
N3 = NC fi
Quel que soit le sens d'utilisation de ce transformateur, les phases sont parfaitement équilibrées au primaire si les charges secondaires le sont.
The transformer according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises three magnetic cores on which are wound on the three-phase side three primary windings of N1 turns each, connected to a neutral, and the two-phase side:
a first phase comprising three series windings, one of NA turns on the first core, the other of
NC turns on the second core and wound in the same direction and the last of N3 turns on the third core and wound in the opposite direction of the first two windings, and
a second phase comprising three windings in series, one of NB turns wound on the first core in the opposite direction of the other winding carried by the latter, the other of NC turns wound on the second core in the same direction; that the other winding carried by the latter, and the last of NA wound coils on the third core, in the opposite direction of the other winding carried by the latter, the numbers of turns being connected by the relations:
NA = NC (2 -)
N3 = NC fi
Whatever the use of this transformer, the phases are perfectly balanced in the primary if the secondary loads are.

Chaque noyau reçoit rigoureusement le même nombre de spires, soit NA + NB = 2NC, ce qui permet de remplir au mieux les fenêtres des tôles, d'optimiser le rapport pertes fer/pertes cuivre et d'obtenir ainsi le plus haut rendement de transformation. Each core rigorously receives the same number of turns, ie NA + NB = 2NC, which makes it possible to better fill the windows of the sheets, to optimize the loss ratio iron / copper losses and thus to obtain the highest transformation efficiency .

Un mode de réalisation de l'invention sera décrit à présent en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels:
La figure 5 montre le schéma électrique du transformateur selon l'invention; et
La figure 6 est le diagramme de Fresnel relatif à ce transformateur.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 5 shows the electrical diagram of the transformer according to the invention; and
Figure 6 is the Fresnel diagram relating to this transformer.

Le transformateur représenté sur la figure 5 comprend trois noyaux magnétiques 10, 12, 14, sur lesquels sont bobinés respectivement trois enroulements primaires A5 A6, Bg B6 et C5 C6 de N1 spires chacun. Ces enroulements correspondent aux trois phases g 2 et 43 du circuit triphasé et sont reliés à un point neutre N. The transformer shown in Figure 5 comprises three magnetic cores 10, 12, 14, on which are wound respectively three primary windings A5 A6, Bg B6 and C5 C6 N1 turns each. These windings correspond to the three phases g 2 and 43 of the three-phase circuit and are connected to a neutral point N.

Du c8té diphasé du transformateur est monté un enroulement A1 A2 de NA spires sur le noyau 10, en série avec un enroulement B3 B4 de NC spires sur le noyau 12, en série avec un enroulement C4 C3 de NB spires sur le noyau 14. On désignera par UA la tension recueillie aux bornes du bobinage série A1 C3 ainsi obtenu. From the two-phase side of the transformer is mounted a winding A1 A2 of NA turns on the core 10, in series with a winding B3 B4 of NC turns on the core 12, in series with a winding C4 C3 of NB turns on the core 14. On denote by UA the voltage collected across the series windings A1 C3 thus obtained.

La deuxième phase diphasée comprend un enroulement A3
A4 de NB spires sur le noyau 10, en série avec un enroulement B2 B1 de NC spires sur le noyau 12, en série avec un enroulement C3 C1 de NA spires sur le noyau 14. On désignera par U3 la tension recueillie aux bornes du bobinage série A3 C1 ainsi obtenu. Les deux bobinages diphasés A1 C3 -et A3 C1 ont donc le même nombre total de spires NA + N3 + NC. Les tensions UA et U3 susmentionnées ont la même amplitude. De plus, les impédances de ces bobinages sont rigoureusement égales.
The second two-phase phase includes an A3 winding
A4 of NB turns on the core 10, in series with a winding B2 B1 of NC turns on the core 12, in series with a winding C3 C1 of NA turns on the core 14. We will denote by U3 the voltage collected across the winding A3 series C1 thus obtained. The two two-phase coils A1 C3-and A3 C1 therefore have the same total number of turns NA + N3 + NC. The aforementioned voltages UA and U3 have the same amplitude. In addition, the impedances of these windings are strictly equal.

Pour que les trois noyaux aient le même nombre de spires il faut que:
NA + N3 = 2 NC. (1)
On calculera à présent la relation qui lie entre eux les nombres de spires NA, N3 et NC. Pour simplifier les calculs, on prendra la phase 2 comme origine des phases.
So that the three cores have the same number of turns it is necessary that:
NA + N3 = 2 NC. (1)
The relationship between the numbers of turns NA, N3 and NC will now be calculated. To simplify the calculations, we will take phase 2 as the origin of the phases.

On désigne les tensions aux bornes des enroulements A1 A2, 33 34, 4 C3, A3 A4, B2 B1 et C2 C1 respectivement par VAl, VC, VB3, Vgl, VC et VA3.The voltages across the windings A1 A2, 33 34, 4 C3, A3 A4, B2 B1 and C2 C1 are designated by VA1, VC, VB3, Vg1, VC and VA3, respectively.

On peut écrire:

Figure img00040001
We can write:
Figure img00040001

Figure img00050001

a et b étant égaux à + 1 suivant le sens de l'enroulement.
Figure img00050001

a and b being equal to + 1 in the direction of the winding.

Il en résulte que:

Figure img00050002
It follows that:
Figure img00050002

On souhaite que UA et UB soient en quadrature, c'està-dire que #
-J2
UA = UB e (4)
NA NB
En posant - = na et - = nb,
NC NC et en reportant (2) et (3) dans (4), il vient:

Figure img00050003

a na (e - e ) + 1 - e + bnb (e - e ) = 0
Compte tenu de la formule de transformation
ejx = cos x + j sin x et de la formule (1) qui s'écrit n a = 2 - nb, on obtient na(a + a 4 - b + b #3) = 2 - 2b + 2b #3. We want that UA and UB are in quadrature, that is to say that #
-J2
UA = UB e (4)
NA
By posing - = na and - = nb,
NC NC and by referring (2) and (3) in (4), it comes:
Figure img00050003

a na (e - e) + 1 - e + bnb (e - e) = 0
Given the transformation formula
ejx = cos x + j sin x and of the formula (1) which is written na = 2 - nb, we obtain na (a + a 4 - b + b # 3) = 2 - 2b + 2b # 3.

1) Si dans cette formule on fait a = 1 et b = 1, on trouve na = nb = 1, ce qui donne en reportant ces valeurs dans (2) et (3)
UA = UB = 0.
1) If in this formula we make a = 1 and b = 1, we find na = nb = 1, which gives by putting these values in (2) and (3)
UA = UB = 0.

Ce cas est sans intérêt, car les tensions sont en quadrature mais elles sont nulles. This case is irrelevant because the voltages are in quadrature but they are zero.

2) Si a = - 1 et b = +1 on trouve na = ~ J < O ce qui est impossible. 2) If a = - 1 and b = +1 we find na = ~ J <O which is impossible.

2-73
3) a = - 1 b = -1 on trouve na = - a < 0 ce qui est également impossible.
2-73
3) a = - 1 b = -1 we find na = - a <0 which is also impossible.

4) a = + 1 b = -1 on obtient
n a = 2 - /3 (5)
et donc nb = 2 -na = a
Ainsi, seule la dernière solution convient. La condition a = + 1 signifie que les enroulements NA et NC sont bobinées dans le même sens. La condition b = - 1 signifie que les enroulements NB et NC sont bobinés dans des sens inverses, ce qui a été bien représenté sur la figure 5.
4) a = + 1 b = -1 we get
na = 2 - / 3 (5)
and so nb = 2 -na = a
Thus, only the last solution is suitable. The condition a = + 1 means that the windings NA and NC are wound in the same direction. The condition b = -1 means that the windings NB and NC are wound in opposite directions, which has been well represented in FIG.

Avec les valeurs trouvées, les formules (2) et (3) deviennent:

Figure img00060001

ou bien, en utilisant les formules
Figure img00060002
With the values found, formulas (2) and (3) become:
Figure img00060001

or, using the formulas
Figure img00060002

Figure img00070001

il vient:
UA = VC (1 - j) UB = VC (1 + j) #3 et compte tenu du fait que
Figure img00070002

on obtient:
Figure img00070003
Figure img00070001

he comes:
UA = VC (1 - j) UB = VC (1 + j) # 3 and considering that
Figure img00070002

we obtain:
Figure img00070003

Les tensions UA et UB sont deux tensions de même
module 76 VC déphasées de - et + 4 par rapport à VC, et donc deT entre elles.
The voltages UA and UB are two voltages of the same
module 76 VC out of phase - and + 4 with respect to VC, and therefore deT them.

Le rapport de transformation est

Figure img00070004

et comme
U1= V1
Figure img00070005
The transformation ratio is
Figure img00070004

and like
U1 = V1
Figure img00070005

UA = 4 VC - X NC
V1 N1 (6)
La figure 6 représente le diagramme de Fresnel dans le cas d'un transformateur triphasé 380 V/diphasé 220 V.
UA = 4 VC - X NC
V1 N1 (6)
FIG. 6 represents the Fresnel diagram in the case of a three-phase transformer 380 V / two-phase 220 V.

Dans ce cas on tire de (6)
VC NC 220
V1 - N1 = 380 = 0,409
En reportant dans (2) les valeurs trouvées pour a, b,
NA et N B
NC NC, on trouve:

Figure img00080001

ou encore:
Figure img00080002

dans laquelle
UA= 220 V VC
= 0,409 V1
U1
V1 = #3 = 219,4 V soit finalement:
Figure img00080003
In this case we shoot from (6)
VC NC 220
V1 - N1 = 380 = 0.409
By plotting in (2) the values found for a, b,
NA and NB
NC NC, we find:
Figure img00080001

or:
Figure img00080002

in which
UA = 220 V VC
= 0.409 V1
U1
V1 = # 3 = 219.4 V is finally:
Figure img00080003

UA = 24 e + 89,7 - 155,4 e on trouve de même

Figure img00080004
UA = 24 e + 89.7 - 155.4 one finds the same
Figure img00080004

UB = 24 e + 89,7 - 155,4 e d'où l'on déduit immédiatement la construction de Fresnel représentée à la figure 6. UB = 24 e + 89.7 - 155.4 e from which the Fresnel construction shown in FIG. 6 is immediately deduced.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION CLAIM Transformateur diphasé-triphasé réversible et équilibré, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend trois noyaux magnétiques (10, 12, 14), sur lesquels sont bobinés du côté triphasé trois enroulements primaires (A5 A6, B5 B6, A reversible and balanced two-phase-three-phase transformer characterized in that it comprises three magnetic cores (10, 12, 14) on which three primary windings (A5 A6, B5 B6, C5 C6) de N1 spires chacun, reliés à un neutre (N), et du côté diphaséC5 C6) of N1 turns each, connected to a neutral (N), and the two-phase side - une première phase comprenant trois enroulements en série, l'un (A1 A2) de NA spires sur le premier noyau a first phase comprising three series windings, one (A1 A2) of NA turns on the first core; (10), l'autre (B3 B4) de NC spires sur le second noyau (10), the other (B3 B4) of NC turns on the second nucleus (12) et bobiné dans le même sens et le dernier (C4 C3) de (12) and wound in the same direction and the last (C4 C3) of N3 spires sur le troisième noyau (14) et bobiné en sens inverse des deux premiers enroulements, etN3 turns on the third core (14) and wound in the opposite direction of the first two windings, and - une seconde phase comprenant trois enroulements en ~série, l'un (A3 A4) de NB spires bobiné sur le premier noyau dans le sens inverse de l'autre enroulement (A1 A2), porté par ce dernier, l'autre (B2 B1) de NC spires bobiné sur le second noyau dans le même sens que l'autre enroulement (B3 B4) porté par ce dernier, et le dernier a second phase comprising three windings in series, one (A3 A4) of NB turns wound on the first core in the opposite direction of the other winding (A1 A2), carried by the latter, the other (B2 B1) of NC turns wound on the second core in the same direction as the other winding (B3 B4) carried by the latter, and the last (C2 C1) de NA spires bobiné surle troisième noyau (14), dans le sens inverse de l'autre enroulement (C4 C3) porté par ce dernier, les nombres de spires étant reliés par les relations: (C2 C1) of NA turns wound on the third core (14), in the opposite direction of the other winding (C4 C3) carried by the latter, the numbers of turns being connected by the relations: NA = NC (2 - F ) NB = NC  NA = NC (2 - F) NB = NC
FR8907962A 1989-06-15 1989-06-15 DIPHASE-THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER Expired - Fee Related FR2648612B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013150240A1 (en) * 2012-04-06 2013-10-10 Hispano-Suiza Fixed three-phase to two-phase transformer with forced linked flux
RU2529017C2 (en) * 2009-08-20 2014-09-27 Шнайдер Электрик АйТи Корпорейшен Three-phase high-power uninterrupted power supply

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH132421A (en) * 1928-04-25 1929-04-15 H Cuenod S A Atel Transformer for transforming two-phase current into three-phase and vice versa.
FR1443967A (en) * 1965-04-07 1966-07-01 Static phase transformer, three-phase-two-phase and vice versa, with separate windings

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH132421A (en) * 1928-04-25 1929-04-15 H Cuenod S A Atel Transformer for transforming two-phase current into three-phase and vice versa.
FR1443967A (en) * 1965-04-07 1966-07-01 Static phase transformer, three-phase-two-phase and vice versa, with separate windings

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2529017C2 (en) * 2009-08-20 2014-09-27 Шнайдер Электрик АйТи Корпорейшен Three-phase high-power uninterrupted power supply
WO2013150240A1 (en) * 2012-04-06 2013-10-10 Hispano-Suiza Fixed three-phase to two-phase transformer with forced linked flux
FR2989213A1 (en) * 2012-04-06 2013-10-11 Hispano Suiza Sa THREE-PHASE DIPHASE FIXED TRANSFORMER WITH FORCES FLUX
CN104246927A (en) * 2012-04-06 2014-12-24 伊斯帕诺-絮扎公司 Fixed three-phase to two-phase transformer with forced linked flux
JP2015512569A (en) * 2012-04-06 2015-04-27 イスパノ・シユイザ Three-phase two-phase fixed transformer with forcibly coupled magnetic flux
US9214272B2 (en) 2012-04-06 2015-12-15 Labinal Power Systems Three-phase-two-phase stationary transformer with forced linked flux
CN104246927B (en) * 2012-04-06 2017-08-18 雷比诺电力系统 It is a kind of that there is the fixed transformer of three-phase two-phase for forcing connection magnetic flux
RU2638151C2 (en) * 2012-04-06 2017-12-12 Лабиналь Пауэр Системз Three-phase-two-phase stationary transformer with enhanced coupled magnetic flux

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