FR2624758A1 - APPARATUS FOR DRINKING WATER POLLUTED BY RADIOACTIVE, CHEMICAL OR BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The apparatus described comprises a combination of a casing (1) containing a mixture of manganese dioxide and ferric hydroxide, and a concentric internal element or cartridge (4) of open-celled polyurethane foam. Said cartridge is doped, prior to polymerization, with powdered activated charcoal-containing polyol and with potassium ferrocyanide-containing isocyanate. The apparatus is suited to individual, collective and industrial applications.

Description

 The object of the invention relates to an apparatus intended to make potable water polluted by radioactive, chemical or bacteriological contaminants.

 It is intended for individual, collective and industrial applications.

 Known filtration devices for these destinations can only be effective for one type of pollution or if they are used for multiple purposes, lack efficiency or require additional energy supply either electrical or other.

 The device according to the invention eliminates these drawbacks and makes it possible, according to its constructive features, to respond to all of these problems. It consists first of all of a porous ceramic cylinder "doped" with molecules insoluble in water and with a very high sorbtion capacity. To the sterilizing effect ensured by the fineness of the porosity is added the purification in mineral elements of the water which has passed through it.

Then, by a cylindrical "cartridge" in foam, doped with activated carbon added according to the conjunctures by a sorbent specific to the foreseen risk, such as a nuclear accident, also ensures the elimination of organic pollutants and mineral risks.

 It is constituted by the combination of a candle containing a mixture of manganese dioxide and ferric hydroxide, then by a concentric internal element or cartridge of polyurethane foam with open cells to which one adds before polymerization of powdered activated carbon with polyol and from potassium ferrocyanide to isocyanate.

In the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting example, of one of the embodiments of the subject of the invention
Figure 1 shows an individual filter device.

 Figure 2 shows a collective filtering device.

 FIG. 3 represents an industrial filtering device.

 Candle 1 is made up of a homogeneous mixture of 45% kaolin, 45% diatoms, 5% manganese dioxide and 5% ferric hydroxide.

 This mixture is moistened until a fluid paste is obtained. It is then poured into a tubular mold of fine fabric.

 After drying in air, the cylinder obtained is turned so as to obtain a unit dimensioned to the normal proportions of use which are approximately 15 centimeters long and seven centimeters in diameter.

 These dimensions apply to a so-called individual filter.

 The film residues are reusable. The appliance is then cooked at around 9500 centigrade for one hour.

 The lower part is closed by a rubber washer 2 compressed between a screw and a nut.

 The upper end comprises an identical device 3 with elastic body and clamping with screw and nut washer, the assembly is drilled in its center to allow the passage of clean water.

 The suction device consists of a simple syringe.

 The foam cylinder 4 is introduced into the tube by one of its ends.

 It consists of a polyurethane foam with open cells and polymerized after addition to the polyol of 2% by mass of powdered activated carbon, and 5% by mass of potassium ferrocyanide with isocyanate.

 The molding of these products is carried out in a tubular element with an internal diameter very slightly greater than that of the internal of the receiving candle so that the introduction is forced.

 A larger family type device, Figure 2, meets the needs of several people, about four, for eight days, supplied with water by a private installation such as a well or a borehole.

 It is constituted by a porous candle 6 of the same composition and totally cylindrical, but of larger dimension. It is protected by an outer casing 7.

 The foam cartridge 8 has the same composition as the previous one. Grooves 9, 10 are hollowed out in the thickness of the ceramic wall at the upper and lower parts in order to accommodate O-rings 11, 12 made of synthetic material ensuring the seal between the jacket 7 and the spark plug 6.

 The jacket at the intake part forms a lower 15 and upper 13 housing between which is deposited a doped foam plate 14 of composition identical to that of the cartridge 8.

 Its function ensures pre-filtration of the water supplied by a tap or valve 16.

 The lower part of the filter has an outlet 17 for filtered water.

 The industrial device, Figure 3, has a dual function, first to avoid pollution of the water supply pipes, then to be immediately available.

 It does not have an iodine elimination system because activated carbon filters or flocculants which incorporate them are systematically present in industrial drinking water installations.

 It is formed by a steel bell 20 containing a porous candle 18 of the same composition as the preceding ones and another cartridge of foam 19 doped with hydroxide, ferric, responsible for eliminating all that would be likely to fix on the walls of pipes and potassium ferrocyanide. The filter can measure 1.5 meters high and have a diameter of 0.8 meters. Several sets can be arranged in parallel.

 The ceramic candle is preferably "doped" with molecules insoluble in water and of high sorbtion capacity such as MnO2, Fe (OH) 3, K3Fe (CJ <) 6. Its porosity is close to 0.5 micron.

 The "cartridge" is formed by a cylinder of foam doped with pulverulent activated carbon and by a sorbent specific to the pollution considered.

 It can receive 10% by mass of ferric hydroxide to remove all that can attach to the walls of the pipes, or 5 X by mass of potassium ferrocyanide.

 These agents may vary within the limit of equivalents depending on the intended destination, without changing the general provisions of the elements which have just been described.

Claims (3)

 10 Device for the purification of water carrying out in one and the same device a sterelizing filtration and a sorbtion of dissolved organic and mineral elements.  20 Device intended to make potable water polluted by radioactive, chemical or bacteriological contaminating agents applicable to individual, collective or industrial uses having for object to carry out a filtration by porous wall and a sorbent purification by concentric internal contiguous cartridge impregnated with active agents corresponding to the proposed drinking water and characterized by the combination of a candle (1) consisting of 45 oh of kaolin with 45 es: of diatoms, 5 of manganese dioxide, 5 e, of ferric hydroxide mixed and hydrated to form a homogeneous fluid paste poured into a tubular mold of fine fabric, air-dried then turned and finally baked at 9500 for one hour. This candle enveloping the filter cartridge (4) is closed at its upper part by a rubber washer (3) compressed and crushed between screw and nut with exhaust pipe and at its lower part by an identical element (2) without pipe it.  3c Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the filter cartridge is constituted by polyurethane foam with open cells, polymerized after addition to the polyol of 2% by mass of powdered activated carbon added with 5% by mass of ferrocyanide of potassium isocyanate and molded into a cylindrical shape to be placed in force in the cylindrical candle.  40 Device according to claim 1 for a larger filter for collective use characterized in that the spark plug (6) is wrapped by a jacket (7), O-rings (11, 12) seal the spark plug by housing in the high and low circular grooves (9, 10), while the upper part includes, surrounded by the upper jacket, a housing (13), a pre-filtering plate (14) of the same composition as the foam cartridge (e) being housed on the upper part of the jacket (7) by a lower housing (15), an inlet (16) and a drain (17) complete this assembly.  50 Device according to claims 1 and 2 for industrial filtering consisting of a spark plug (18), a filter cartridge (19) and a protective metal casing (20) forming peripheral water distributor housings.