FR2623162A1 - DEVICE FOR CYCLIC VARIATION IN THE GEOMETRY OF BLADES FOR TURNED AIRCRAFT - Google Patents

DEVICE FOR CYCLIC VARIATION IN THE GEOMETRY OF BLADES FOR TURNED AIRCRAFT Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2623162A1
FR2623162A1 FR8716041A FR8716041A FR2623162A1 FR 2623162 A1 FR2623162 A1 FR 2623162A1 FR 8716041 A FR8716041 A FR 8716041A FR 8716041 A FR8716041 A FR 8716041A FR 2623162 A1 FR2623162 A1 FR 2623162A1
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Prior art keywords
blade
bar
skin
profile
twist
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FR8716041A
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French (fr)
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FR2623162B1 (en
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Priority to FR8716041A priority Critical patent/FR2623162B1/en
Priority to PCT/FR1988/000541 priority patent/WO1989004276A1/en
Priority to AU27133/88A priority patent/AU2713388A/en
Publication of FR2623162A1 publication Critical patent/FR2623162A1/en
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Publication of FR2623162B1 publication Critical patent/FR2623162B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/32Rotors
    • B64C27/46Blades

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

An improved helicopter rotor increases the performance at high forwards speeds. A rigid torsion bar (2), located inside the blade (1), and controlled by a second cyclic plate, makes it possible to vary the twist and profile geometry of each blade in function of its angular position. The device is particularly applicable to high-speed helicopters.

Description

La présente invention concerne des aéronefs à voilures tournantes et plus particulièrement les hélicoptères équipés d'un rotor qui permet d'améliorer les performances en vitesse, maximale, en charge utile et en consomation. The present invention relates to rotary wing aircraft and more particularly helicopters equipped with a rotor which improves performance in speed, maximum, payload and consumption.

La vitesse d'avancement d'un hélicoptère classique est essentiellement limitée par la dissymétrie des vitesses entre la pale avançante et la pale reculante. The forward speed of a conventional helicopter is essentially limited by the asymmetry of the speeds between the advancing blade and the advancing blade.

Alors que la pale avançante approche une vitesse, où les effets de compressibilité deviennent génants, la vitesse de l'écoulement sur la pale reculante est trés faible et même négative dans une zone proche du moyeu appelée cercle d'inversion.As the advancing blade approaches a speed, where the compressibility effects become annoying, the speed of the flow on the receding blade is very low and even negative in an area close to the hub called the inversion circle.

On compense normalement ce déséquilibre par la commande cyclique de pas, qui permet d'avoir une trés faible incidence sur la pale avançante et une forte incidence sur la pale reculante qui se trouve dans des conditions prochesdu décrochage en extrémité et crée une portance négative dans le cercle d'inversion. This imbalance is normally compensated for by the cyclic pitch control, which makes it possible to have a very low incidence on the advancing blade and a strong incidence on the retreating blade which is in conditions close to the stall at the end and creates a negative lift in the inversion circle.

Le dispositif selon l'invention représenté fig.1 permet de remédier à ce problème en modifiant le vrillage de la pale de façon cyclique, ce qui permet de ne pas avoir d'inversion de portance. The device according to the invention shown in fig.1 overcomes this problem by modifying the twist of the blade cyclically, which allows not to have a reversal of lift.

Chaque pale (1) du rotor est creuse, et souple en torsion. Each rotor blade (1) is hollow, and flexible in torsion.

Une barre (2) rigide en torsion, passe à l'intérieur de chaque pale, une extrémité de la barre est fixée en un point de la pale choisie relativement proche de son extrémité, l'autre extrémité de la barre est articulée sur la ferrure de reprise (4) et comporte une corne de commande (3).A bar (2) rigid in torsion, passes inside each blade, one end of the bar is fixed at a point of the chosen blade relatively close to its end, the other end of the bar is articulated on the fitting of recovery (4) and comprises a control horn (3).

Le systéme de commande de pas comporte deux plateaux cycliques indépendants, l'un permet de commander la corne de commande de pas classique (5), l'autre la corne (3) de la barre (2). The pitch control system has two independent swashplates, one for controlling the conventional pitch control horn (5), the other for the bar (2) horn (3).

En agissant différemment sur les deux plateaux cycliques, on obtient un vrillage de la pale qui peut-être cyclique en vol d'avancement ou constant en vol stationnaire.By acting differently on the two swashplates, one obtains a twist of the blade which may be cyclic in forward flight or constant in hovering.

En combinant le vrillage initial de la pale et le vrillage cyclique on peut optimiser l'incidence et la répartition de la charge sur la pale dans tous les cas de vol. By combining the initial twist of the blade and the cyclic twist, the incidence and distribution of the load on the blade can be optimized in all cases of theft.

La partie de pale qui passe dans le cercle d'inversion devra avoir un profil qui fonctionne correctement dans le sens normal et présente une traînée réduite lorsqu'il est soufflé à l'envers avec une incidence adaptée. The part of the blade which passes through the inversion circle must have a profile which functions correctly in the normal direction and exhibits reduced drag when it is blown backwards with an appropriate incidence.

En extémité de pale le profil travaille à des vitesses qui sont, ou proches de la vitesse du son, ou trés faibles. Il est donc trés difficile d'avoir un bon rendement de la pale dans une aussi grande étendue de vitesse. At the blade tip, the profile works at speeds which are, or close to the speed of sound, or very low. It is therefore very difficult to have a good blade efficiency in such a large speed range.

Les figures 2,3,4 et 5 montrent un dispositif qui permet de modifier la courbure et l'épaisseur du profil pour l'adapter aux conditions d'écoulement qu'il rencontre au cours de la rotation. Figures 2,3,4 and 5 show a device which makes it possible to modify the curvature and the thickness of the profile to adapt it to the flow conditions it encounters during rotation.

L'extrémité de la pale (1) est constituée d'une peau flexible (6) à l'intérieur de laquelle on trouve, un caisson (7) qui est seulement fixé à l'avant de la partie extrados de la peau dans la zone (A) et solidaire du reste de la pale, et une barre rigide en torsion (2) dont une extrémité épouse la forme du bord de fuite et est fixée sous l'extrados dans la zone (B), l'autre extrémité comporte comme dans le cas précédent une corne de commande (3) et est articulée sur la ferrure de reprise de la pale (4). The end of the blade (1) consists of a flexible skin (6) inside which there is a box (7) which is only fixed to the front of the upper surface part of the skin in the zone (A) and integral with the rest of the blade, and a rigid torsion bar (2), one end of which follows the shape of the trailing edge and is fixed under the upper surface in zone (B), the other end comprises as in the previous case a control horn (3) and is articulated on the blade return fitting (4).

La figure 3 représente une section de la peau dans la zone (A) avant l'assemblage, l'extrados est quasiment plat alors que l'intrados a la forme d'un intrados de profil cambré,la flexibilité de la peau n'est pas uniforme autour du profil, ce qui permet de localiser les déformations autour des génératrices C,D et E.FIG. 3 represents a section of the skin in the area (A) before assembly, the upper surface is almost flat while the lower surface has the form of a lower surface with a curved profile, the flexibility of the skin is not not uniform around the profile, which makes it possible to locate the deformations around generatrices C, D and E.

Les deux cotés du bord de fuite sont ensuite assemblés, les zones d'assemblage sont représentées en traits forts sur les figures 3, 4 et 5.The two sides of the trailing edge are then assembled, the assembly zones are shown in strong lines in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.

Lorsqu'on agit sur la corne (3), on crée un moment de torsicn qui entraine une torsion de la pale et une modification du profil dans la zone (A). When acting on the horn (3), a torsional moment is created which causes the blade to twist and modify the profile in the area (A).

Lorsqu'on applique un moment M-, l'extrados reprend la forme initiale, alors que l'intrados se trouve tendu re long des caissons, on a un profil adapté aux trés grandes vitesses fig.4.When applying a moment M-, the upper surface returns to the initial shape, while the lower surface is stretched along the caissons, we have a profile adapted to very high speeds fig.4.

Lorsqu'on applique un moment M+, on assiste à une flexion de l'extrados alors que l'intrados reprend sa forme initiale, le profil est alors adapté aux basses vitesses et aux fortes incidences, la forme triangulée C,D,E est capable de résister sans féformation importentes aux efforts de pression aérodynamique fig.5.When applying a moment M +, we observe a bending of the upper surface while the lower surface returns to its initial shape, the profile is then adapted to low speeds and high incidences, the triangulated shape C, D, E is capable to resist aerodynamic pressure forces without significant deformation fig.5.

La raideur de chaque élément(caissons,extrados et intrados de la peau) est choisie due façon à obtenir un bon rapport entre la torsion de la pale et la modification du profil, et à éviter les les phénomènes de flottement. les matériaux utilisés doivent avoir une souplesse et une limite en fatigue adaptés aux emplitudes et fréquences élevés des cycles de déformation.  The stiffness of each element (boxes, upper and lower surfaces of the skin) is chosen due to obtaining a good relationship between the twist of the blade and the modification of the profile, and to avoid the phenomena of floating. the materials used must have a flexibility and a fatigue limit adapted to the high frequencies and frequencies of the deformation cycles.

Il est impossible de piloter les deux plateaux cycliques manuellement. On aura donc recours aux commandes de vol électriques par l'intermédiaire d'un calculateur qui prendra les ordres de cornmande du pilote, les informations sur les conditions du vol, la dynamique du rotor et optimisera la géométrie de celui-ci dans tous les cas de vol de l'hélicoptère.  It is impossible to control the two swashplates manually. We will therefore have recourse to electric flight controls by means of a computer which will take the pilot's orders, information on the flight conditions, the dynamics of the rotor and will optimize the geometry of the latter in all cases. helicopter flight.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Dispositif pour améliorer les performances des aéronefs à voilure tournante caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des pales creuses (1) avec à l'intérieur une barre rigide en torsion (2). 1) Device for improving the performance of rotary wing aircraft, characterized in that it comprises hollow blades (1) with a rigid torsional bar (2) inside. 2) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait qu'une extrémité de la barre (2) est fixée à la pale en un point relativement proche de son extrémité, que l'autre extrémité de la barre (2) est articulée sur le systéme de reprise (4) et comporte un dispositif (3) permettant d'exercer un moment de torsion. 2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that one end of the bar (2) is fixed to the blade at a point relatively close to its end, that the other end of the bar (2) is articulated on the recovery system (4) and comprises a device (3) for exerting a torsional moment. 3) Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé par le fait qu'une différence de moment de torsion appliquée entre la pale (1) et la barre (3) permet de modifier le vrillage. 3) Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that a difference in torque applied between the blade (1) and the bar (3) allows to modify the twist. 4) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'un caisson (7) se trouve à l'intérieur de la pale, totalement solidaire de celle-ci sauf dans la zone (A) proche de l'extrémité de pale où il n'y a pas de fixation avec l'intrados de la peau. 4) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that a box (7) is located inside the blade, completely integral with the latter except in the area (A) near the blade end where it n there is no fixation with the underside of the skin. 5) Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 4 caractérisé par le fait qu'une extrémité de la barre (2) épouse la forme du bord de fuite dans la zone (B) alors que l'autre extrémité est articulée sur le systéme (4) de reprise de la pale et comporte un dispositif (3) permettant d'exercer un moment de torsion. 5) Device according to any one of claims 1 and 4 characterized in that one end of the bar (2) follows the shape of the trailing edge in the area (B) while the other end is articulated on the blade recovery system (4) and includes a device (3) for exerting a torsional moment. 6) Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1,4 et 5 caractérisé en ce que la fléxibilité de la peau (6) n'est pas uniforme autour du profil dans la zone (A). 6) Device according to any one of claims 1,4 and 5 characterized in that the flexibility of the skin (6) is not uniform around the profile in the area (A). 7) Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1,4, 5 et 6 caractérisé par le fait que des efforts de torsion différents appliqués sur la pale (1) et la barre (2) permettent de vriller la pale et de modifier le profil dans la zone (A) en faisant fléchir la partie extrados de la peau et tendant ou détendant la partie intrados.  7) Device according to any one of claims 1,4, 5 and 6 characterized in that different torsional forces applied to the blade (1) and the bar (2) allow to twist the blade and modify the profile in zone (A) by flexing the upper surface of the skin and stretching or relaxing the lower surface.
FR8716041A 1987-11-12 1987-11-12 DEVICE FOR CYCLIC VARIATION IN THE GEOMETRY OF BLADES FOR AIRCRAFT WITH TURNING WING Expired - Lifetime FR2623162B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8716041A FR2623162B1 (en) 1987-11-12 1987-11-12 DEVICE FOR CYCLIC VARIATION IN THE GEOMETRY OF BLADES FOR AIRCRAFT WITH TURNING WING
PCT/FR1988/000541 WO1989004276A1 (en) 1987-11-12 1988-11-04 Device for cyclic variation of the blade geometry of high-speed helicopters
AU27133/88A AU2713388A (en) 1987-11-12 1988-11-04 Device for cyclic variation of the blade geometry of high- speed helicopters

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8716041A FR2623162B1 (en) 1987-11-12 1987-11-12 DEVICE FOR CYCLIC VARIATION IN THE GEOMETRY OF BLADES FOR AIRCRAFT WITH TURNING WING

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FR2623162A1 true FR2623162A1 (en) 1989-05-19
FR2623162B1 FR2623162B1 (en) 1990-03-09

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FR8716041A Expired - Lifetime FR2623162B1 (en) 1987-11-12 1987-11-12 DEVICE FOR CYCLIC VARIATION IN THE GEOMETRY OF BLADES FOR AIRCRAFT WITH TURNING WING

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AU (1) AU2713388A (en)
FR (1) FR2623162B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989004276A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2464678B (en) * 2008-10-21 2013-04-10 David Hostettler Wain Dual swash plates
US9487291B2 (en) * 2012-12-05 2016-11-08 The Boeing Company Apparatus, system, and method for pitching and twisting a blade of a rotorcraft
US9457889B2 (en) * 2013-09-24 2016-10-04 The Boeing Company Rotorcraft rotor including primary pitch horns and secondary horns

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1047568A (en) * 1963-10-09 1966-11-09 Westland Aircraft Ltd Improvements in or relating to aircraft rotors
FR2395187A2 (en) * 1977-06-24 1979-01-19 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) AERODYNAMIC PROPULSION UNIT WITH GEAR BLADES

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1047568A (en) * 1963-10-09 1966-11-09 Westland Aircraft Ltd Improvements in or relating to aircraft rotors
FR2395187A2 (en) * 1977-06-24 1979-01-19 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) AERODYNAMIC PROPULSION UNIT WITH GEAR BLADES

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WO1989004276A1 (en) 1989-05-18
AU2713388A (en) 1989-06-01
FR2623162B1 (en) 1990-03-09

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