FR2619628A1 - Method for on-line and real-time determination of the characteristics of the supply and of the products obtained during catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions by near-infrared spectrophotometric analysis of the supply - Google Patents
Method for on-line and real-time determination of the characteristics of the supply and of the products obtained during catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions by near-infrared spectrophotometric analysis of the supply Download PDFInfo
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- FR2619628A1 FR2619628A1 FR8711684A FR8711684A FR2619628A1 FR 2619628 A1 FR2619628 A1 FR 2619628A1 FR 8711684 A FR8711684 A FR 8711684A FR 8711684 A FR8711684 A FR 8711684A FR 2619628 A1 FR2619628 A1 FR 2619628A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyllead Chemical compound C[Pb](C)(C)C XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011481 absorbance measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006203 ethylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006200 ethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004481 post-translational protein modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003334 potential effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2829—Mixtures of fuels
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Procédé de détermination en ligne et en temps réel des caractéristiques de l'alimentation et des produits obtenus lors du craquage catalytique de coupes pétrolières par analyse spectrophotométrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation.Process for online and real-time determination of the characteristics of the feed and of the products obtained during the catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions by near infrared spectrophotometric analysis of the feed.
L'invention concerne la détermination en ligne des caractéristiques de l'alimentation et simultanément des produits obtenus lors du craquage catalytique de coupes pétrolières. The invention relates to the online determination of the characteristics of the feed and simultaneously of the products obtained during the catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions.
Un article de J.B. CALLIS, D.L. ILLMANN et
B.R. KOWALSRI paru en Mai 1987 dans Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 59, n" 9, p. 624 A à 636 A, mentionne la possibilité de déterminer l'indice d'octane d'une essence sans plomb par spectroscopie infrarouge et signale, dans ce cas particulier, l'existence d'un lien entre d'autres propriétés des produits hydrocarbonés et le spectre dans le proche infrarouge de ces mêmes composés hydrocarbonés. An article by JB CALLIS, DL ILLMANN and
BR KOWALSRI published in May 1987 in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 59, n "9, p. 624 A to 636 A, mentions the possibility of determining the octane number of unleaded gasoline by infrared spectroscopy and indicates, in this particular case, the existence of a link between other properties of the hydrocarbon products and the near infrared spectrum of these same hydrocarbon compounds.
Dans le cas du contrôle avancé ou de la conduite assistée par ordinateur, la saisie de données qualifiant la charge et les opérations dès l'entrée de l'unité revêt un caractère particulièrement important. In the case of advanced control or computer-aided driving, the entry of data qualifying the load and the operations upon entering the unit is particularly important.
Cette analyse en ligne est réalisée à l'aide de la spectrophotométrie dans le proche infrarouge et peut être réalisée en utilisant comme moyen de transmission du signal lumineux des fibres optiques ou en transportant physiquement l'échantillon vers le capteur. This on-line analysis is performed using near infrared spectrophotometry and can be performed using optical fibers as the light signal transmission medium or by physically transporting the sample to the sensor.
Cette détermination peut être effectuée dans la plage la plus large de réglage de l'unité et quel que soit le catalyseur utilisé. This determination can be made in the widest range of unit setting and regardless of the catalyst used.
( 11 est ainsi possible de corréler les propriétés fondamentales des produits formés au cours des opérations de craquage catalytique de la charge, avec le spectre dans le proche infrarouge de cette même charge. (It is thus possible to correlate the fundamental properties of the products formed during the catalytic cracking operations of the feed, with the near infrared spectrum of this same feed.
On peut citer de manière non exclusive et non limitative parmi les propriétés ainsi identifiées
- les indices d'octane recherche (RON) et les indices d'octane moteur (MON) des essences produites, clairs et plombés à différentes teneurs en plomb PTE (plomb tétraéthyle), et PTM (plomb tétraméthyle);
- l'indice de cétane du gazole,
- les densités des diverses coupes produites (essences, gazole, résidu),
- la viscosité du résidu, etc...One can quote in a nonexclusive and nonlimiting manner among the properties thus identified
- the research octane numbers (RON) and the driving octane numbers (MON) of the gasolines produced, clear and leaded with different lead contents PTE (tetraethyl lead), and PTM (tetramethyl lead);
- the cetane number of diesel fuel,
- the densities of the various cuts produced (gasoline, diesel, residue),
- the viscosity of the residue, etc ...
Dans une technique de conduite assistée par ordinateur d'un craqueur catalytique en lit fluidisé, le spectre dans le proche infrarouge permet ainsi une quantification complète et précise de la charge qui, jointe aux paramètres de marche de l'unité (par exemple : températures d'entrée et sortie de
I1 existe des modèles permettant de prédire les propriétés et les rendements des coupes obtenues par craquage. Pour ce faire, il est généralement nécessaire de posséder une caractérisation de la charge (composition chimique, intervalles de poids moléculaires, etc.). Cette information est généralement obtenue par des analyses de laboratoire qui induisent des délais dans l'obtention des résultats.In a computer-aided driving technique of a catalytic cracker in a fluidized bed, the near infrared spectrum thus allows a complete and precise quantification of the charge which, together with the operating parameters of the unit (for example: temperatures of 'entry and exit of
There are models for predicting the properties and yields of cuts obtained by cracking. To do this, it is generally necessary to have a characterization of the charge (chemical composition, molecular weight ranges, etc.). This information is generally obtained by laboratory analyzes which induce delays in obtaining the results.
On a découvert qu'il était possible de déterminer les caractéristiques des produits formés dans des conditions opératoires déterminées et avec une charge catalytique donnée à partir du spectre dans le proche infrarouge de l'alimentation de l'unité. It has been discovered that it is possible to determine the characteristics of the products formed under determined operating conditions and with a given catalytic load from the near infrared spectrum of the feed to the unit.
Cette alimentation peut être constituée de distillats, par exemple gazoles obtenus par distillation sous vide, de résidus atmosphériques désasphaltés ou non, d'extraits provenant du traitement des lubrifiants, de résidus hydrogénés ou désasphaltés, de distillats provenant d'unités de craquage, de produits de recyclage d'unité de craquage catalytique, ces produits pouvant être utilisés seuls ou en mélange. This feed may consist of distillates, for example gas oils obtained by vacuum distillation, of deasphalted or non-deasphalted atmospheric residues, of extracts from the treatment of lubricants, of hydrogenated or deasphalted residues, of distillates from cracking units, of products. catalytic cracking unit recycling, these products can be used alone or as a mixture.
Le procédé suivant l'invention permet notamment de déterminer les caractéristiques des coupes issues d'un craqueur catalytique en lit fluidisé pour des conditions opératoires données à partir du spectre proche infrarouge de l'alimentation de l'unité. The method according to the invention makes it possible in particular to determine the characteristics of the cuts obtained from a catalytic cracker in a fluidized bed for given operating conditions from the near infrared spectrum of the feed to the unit.
Le procédé suivant l'invention utilise la spectrophotométrie dans le domaine du proche infrarouge couplée éventuellement à un dispositif de traitement de signaux permettant une accumulation numérique du spectre par transformée de FOURIER. The method according to the invention uses spectrophotometry in the near infrared range optionally coupled to a signal processing device allowing digital accumulation of the spectrum by FOURIER transform.
Ce procédé qui traite la charge à l'entrée de l'unité n'induit aucun délai de réponse et permet de ce fait une conduite assistée par ordinateur réalisée effectivement en temps réel. This process, which processes the load at the input of the unit, does not induce any response delay and therefore enables computer-assisted driving effectively carried out in real time.
l'élévateur, C/O (rapport du débit de catalyseur sur le débit de charge), vitesse spatiale horaire massique, nature et activité du catalyseur, etc...) conduit à une modélisation informatique pleinement efficace de la production.the elevator, C / O (ratio of the catalyst flow rate to the feed flow rate), hourly mass space velocity, nature and activity of the catalyst, etc.) leads to fully efficient computer modeling of production.
I1 est ainsi possible d'optimiser plus finement et avec plus de précision la conduite de l'unité. It is thus possible to optimize more finely and with more precision the operation of the unit.
La première particularité de l'invention consiste à utiliser pour les mesures un rayonnement dans le proche infrarouge, c'est-a-aire la bande de 0,8vu à 2,6 vu qui est inutilisée habituellement car étant constituée de bandes d'absorption fusionnées de manière complexe, mais qui au contraire assure une meilleure répétabilité pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention. The first feature of the invention consists in using for the measurements a radiation in the near infrared, that is to say the band from 0.8vu to 2.6vu which is usually unused because it consists of absorption bands. merged in a complex manner, but which on the contrary ensures better repeatability for the implementation of the invention.
Il est connu que l'analyse spectrophotométrique dans le proche infrarouge permet de calculer par des méthodes numériques multivariées un grand nomore de propriétés d'une coupe d'hydrocarbures à partir du spectre de celle-ci. It is known that the spectrophotometric analysis in the near infrared makes it possible to calculate by multivariate numerical methods a large number of properties of a hydrocarbon cut from the spectrum thereof.
I1 n'est par contre mentionné nulle part qu'il est possible, dans le cas du craquage catalytique de coupes pétrolières, d'obtenir par analyse spectrophotométrique de l'alimentation dans le proche infrarouge la prédiction d'un grand nombre de propriétés des produits obtenus. L'analyse dans le proche infrarouge faite seulement à l'entrée de l'unité permet ainsi de prévoir les propriétés des diverses fractions obtenues à la sortie de l'unité pour un réglage donné de celle-ci. On the other hand, it is nowhere mentioned that it is possible, in the case of the catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions, to obtain by spectrophotometric analysis of the feed in the near infrared the prediction of a large number of product properties. obtained. The near infrared analysis carried out only at the inlet of the unit thus makes it possible to predict the properties of the various fractions obtained at the outlet of the unit for a given setting thereof.
Les densités optiques ont été mesurées aux fréquences suivantes
F1 = 4670 cm-l
F2 = 4485 cm-l
F3 = 4100 cm-l
F4 = 4060 cm-I
La ligne de base (considérée comme correspondant à une absorbance nulle) est prise à 4780 cm-l. Optical densities were measured at the following frequencies
F1 = 4670 cm-l
F2 = 4485 cm-l
F3 = 4100 cm-l
F4 = 4060 cm-I
The baseline (considered to correspond to zero absorbance) is taken at 4780 cm-l.
La fréquence correspondante exprimée en unités légales (Hz) s'obtiendrait en multipliant ces valeurs par 3.1010, vitesse de la lumière en cm/s. The corresponding frequency expressed in legal units (Hz) would be obtained by multiplying these values by 3.1010, speed of light in cm / s.
Ce choix n'est ni limitatif, ni exclusif et il est utilisé préférentiellement pour des charges dont le
KUOP est compris entre 11,4 et 12.This choice is neither limiting nor exclusive and it is preferably used for loads whose
KUOP is between 11.4 and 12.
(Voir la définition de KUOP page 8). (See definition of KUOP on page 8).
Il pourrait être étendu dans le cas d'utilisation de charges plus diversifiées. It could be extended in the case of using more diversified loads.
Outre les propriétés des effluents, il est aussi possible d'estimer également en temps réel des grandeurs relatives à la charge elle-même, grandeurs dont la connaissance est utile pour la conduite et le réglage de l'unité. In addition to the properties of the effluents, it is also possible to also estimate in real time quantities relating to the load itself, quantities of which the knowledge is useful for the operation and the adjustment of the unit.
On citera de manière non limitative : la densité, la teneur en carbone résiduel (carbone
Conradson), le point d'aniline de la charge.The following will be mentioned in a nonlimiting manner: the density, the residual carbon content (carbon
Conradson), the aniline point of the charge.
Dans une conduite assistée par ordinateur d'une unité de craquage, le spectre proche infrarouge de la charge entrante est donc saisi en temps réel et traité comme un vecteur information qualifiant en continu les propriétés potentielles de l'alimentation dans l'opération de craquage. La richesse du spectre proche infrarouge et la précision expérimentale découlant éventuellement de l'accumulation spectrale par transformée de Fourier rapide font que cette information est sûre et très pertinente vis-à-vis des opérations chimiques impliquées dans le craquage. Le spectre proche infrarouge est donc un marqueur numérique de l'aptitude de la charge aux opérations de craquage. In computer-aided control of a cracking unit, the near infrared spectrum of the incoming feed is therefore captured in real time and processed as an information vector continuously qualifying the potential properties of the feed in the cracking operation. The richness of the near infrared spectrum and the experimental precision possibly resulting from the spectral accumulation by fast Fourier transform make this information certain and very relevant with regard to the chemical operations involved in cracking. The near infrared spectrum is therefore a digital marker of the suitability of the charge for cracking operations.
La preuve de cette précieuse propriété du spectre proche infrarouge est administrée par les exemples qui suivent, où l'on montre que pour un réglage fixé de l'unité, les variations de qualité des produits formés sont corrélables, moyennant un traitement numérique plus ou moins élaboré, avec les variations du spectre proche infrarouge de la charge. The proof of this valuable property of the near infrared spectrum is given by the examples which follow, where it is shown that for a fixed setting of the unit, the variations in quality of the products formed are correlable, by means of a more or less digital processing. elaborated, with variations in the near infrared spectrum of the load.
Dans les exemples non limitatifs suivants, le réglage et la charge catalytique demeurent identiques
Température à l'entrée de l'élévateur : 25O0C
Température à la sortie de l'élévateur : 5250C
Vitesse spatiale horaire massique : 78 kg/h par kg
C/O = 6,6
Catalyseur : activité MAT (selon norme ASTM-D 3907) : 65
EXEMPLE 1
On utilise une alimentation de KUOP = 11,95 dont le spectre d'absorption est le suivant
F1 = (4670 cm-1) A1 = 0,00977
F2 = (4485 cm-l) A2 = 0,04015
F3 = (4100 cm-1) A3 = 0,5193
F4 = (4060 cm-l) A4 = O, 52665
Les caractéristiques suivantes de l'alimentation sont obtenues par les relations suivantes
Densité de l'alimentation = 0,96497 + 4,1.A1 - 0,1935.A3
Carbone résiduel (Conradson) de l'alimentation en % poids = - 7,744 + 16,07.A3 + 48,175.A1
Point d'aniline de l'alimentation en ec =
Elevator inlet temperature: 25O0C
Elevator outlet temperature: 5250C
Hourly mass space velocity: 78 kg / h per kg
C / O = 6.6
Catalyst: MAT activity (according to standard ASTM-D 3907): 65
EXAMPLE 1
A feed of KUOP = 11.95 is used, the absorption spectrum of which is as follows
F1 = (4670 cm-1) A1 = 0.00977
F2 = (4485 cm-W) A2 = 0.04015
F3 = (4100 cm-1) A3 = 0.5193
F4 = (4060cm-W) A4 = O, 52665
The following characteristics of the power supply are obtained by the following relations
Power supply density = 0.96497 + 4.1.A1 - 0.1935.A3
Residual carbon (Conradson) from the feed in weight% = - 7.744 + 16.077.A3 + 48.175.A1
Aniline point of the ec supply =
Les valeurs mesurées et calculées à l'aide des relations corrélativès ci-dessus sont les suivantes
<tb> <SEP> Calculées <SEP> Mesurées
<tb> Densité <SEP> à <SEP> 15'C <SEP> 0, <SEP> 905 <SEP> 0,908
<tb> Carbone <SEP> résiduel <SEP> % <SEP> poids <SEP> 1,07 <SEP> 1,10
<tb> Point <SEP> d'aniline <SEP> C <SEP> 96 <SEP> 94,4
<tb>
EXEMPLE 2
L'unité est alimentée par une charge de
KUOP = 11,6. L'essence obtenue par craquage a les caractéristiques suivantes
Distillation : point initial 38"C - 90%, distillé à 190"C (distillation normalisée ASTM),
Densité à 15"C : 0,749,
Indice d'octane recherche après éthylation au plomb tétraéthyle (PTE) à 0,4 g/l. (RON éthylé).<tb><SEP> Calculated <SEP> Measured
<tb> Density <SEP> at <SEP>15'C<SEP> 0, <SEP> 905 <SEP> 0.908
<tb> Carbon <SEP> residual <SEP>% <SEP> weight <SEP> 1.07 <SEP> 1.10
<tb> Point <SEP> of aniline <SEP> C <SEP> 96 <SEP> 94.4
<tb>
EXAMPLE 2
The unit is powered by a load of
KUOP = 11.6. The gasoline obtained by cracking has the following characteristics
Distillation: initial point 38 "C - 90%, distilled at 190" C (ASTM standardized distillation),
Density at 15 "C: 0.749,
Research octane number after ethylation with tetraethyl lead (PTE) at 0.4 g / l. (Ethylated RON).
Le spectre d'absorption de la charge est mesuré dans les conditions suivantes
Fréquences Absorbance
F1 = (4670 cm-l) A1 = 0,0155
F2 = (4485 cml) A2 = 0,05079
F3 = (4100 cm-l) A3 = 0,48692
F4 = (4060 cm'l) A4 = O, 51066
Les caractéristiques de l'essence produite sont obtenues à partir du spectre de la charge par les relations suivantes densité de l'essence =
Absorbance frequencies
F1 = (4670 cm-l) A1 = 0.0155
F2 = (4485 cml) A2 = 0.05079
F3 = (4100 cm-W) A3 = 0.48692
F4 = (4060 cm'l) A4 = O, 51066
The characteristics of the gasoline produced are obtained from the charge spectrum by the following relations density of gasoline =
Indice d'octane recherche après éthylation au plomb tétraéthyle (PTE) à 0,4 g/l.
Les valeurs calculées sont d = 0,7486 et indice d'octane 92,7 pour des valeurs mesurées de d = O, 749 et indice d'octane 92,4. The calculated values are d = 0.7486 and octane number 92.7 for measured values of d = O, 749 and octane number 92.4.
Le procédé utilisé permet donc une excellente prévision des résultats expérimentaux obtenus par l'unité réglée aux conditions fixées ci-dessus. The method used therefore allows excellent prediction of the experimental results obtained by the unit adjusted to the conditions set above.
Remarque
KUOP ou facteur de Watson s'exprime par la formule
KUOP or Watson's factor is expressed by the formula
<tb> 3température <SEP> d'ébullition <SEP> dans <SEP> l'échelle <SEP> Rankine
<tb> <SEP> densité <SEP> 60/60
<tb> échelle Rankine = échelle Fahrenheit absolue; densité 60/60 = densité du produit pris à
60" Fahrenheit par rapport
à l'eau également à 600
Fahrenheit. <tb> 3temperature <SEP> of boiling <SEP> in <SEP> the scale <SEP> Rankine
<tb><SEP> density <SEP> 60/60
<tb> Rankine scale = absolute Fahrenheit scale; density 60/60 = density of the product taken at
60 "Fahrenheit compared
also in water at 600
Fahrenheit.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8711684A FR2619628B1 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | PROCESS FOR DETERMINING ONLINE AND REAL-TIME FEED CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED DURING CATALYTIC CRACKING OF PETROLEUM CUTS BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS |
| ES88307462T ES2095205T3 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-11 | METHOD FOR THE DIRECT DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS. |
| AT88307462T ATE146880T1 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-11 | METHOD FOR DIRECT DETERMINATION OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS |
| EP88307462A EP0304232B1 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-11 | Method for the direct determination of physical properties of hydrocarbon products |
| DE3855720T DE3855720T2 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-11 | Method for the direct determination of the physical properties of hydrocarbon products |
| AU20953/88A AU603919B2 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-16 | Method for the direct determination of physical properties of hydrocarbon products |
| NO883671A NO304330B1 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-17 | Method and apparatus for the direct determination of, inter alia, the properties and / or yield of a product in a hydrocarbon conversion or separation process |
| CA000575011A CA1333447C (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-17 | Method for the direct determination of physical properties of hydrocarbon products |
| JP63203936A JP3070608B2 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-18 | A direct method for measuring the physical properties of hydrocarbon products. |
| US08/357,047 US5452232A (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1994-12-13 | Method and apparatus for determining a property or yield of a hydrocarbon product based on NIRA of the feedstock |
| GR970400220T GR3022532T3 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1997-02-12 | Method for the direct determination of physical properties of hydrocarbon products |
| JP09276313A JP3110358B2 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1997-10-08 | How to determine quantitative composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8711684A FR2619628B1 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | PROCESS FOR DETERMINING ONLINE AND REAL-TIME FEED CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED DURING CATALYTIC CRACKING OF PETROLEUM CUTS BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2619628A1 true FR2619628A1 (en) | 1989-02-24 |
| FR2619628B1 FR2619628B1 (en) | 1991-07-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8711684A Expired - Fee Related FR2619628B1 (en) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | PROCESS FOR DETERMINING ONLINE AND REAL-TIME FEED CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED DURING CATALYTIC CRACKING OF PETROLEUM CUTS BY NEAR INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2619628B1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2926253A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1960-02-23 | Distillers Co Yeast Ltd | Radiation analysis |
| US3121677A (en) * | 1960-10-28 | 1964-02-18 | Gulf Research Development Co | Process for controlling carbon residue content of oil |
| FR1465253A (en) * | 1965-01-25 | 1967-01-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improved hydroforming process to control the formation of coke deposits on a catalyst |
| US3666932A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1972-05-30 | Texaco Inc | Means and method for on-line determination of the aromatic, naphthene and paraffin contents of charge oil |
| FR2545938A1 (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1984-11-16 | Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING CHARACTERISTICS AND HANDLING MULTI-CONSTITUENT SUBSTANCES |
-
1987
- 1987-08-18 FR FR8711684A patent/FR2619628B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2926253A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1960-02-23 | Distillers Co Yeast Ltd | Radiation analysis |
| US3121677A (en) * | 1960-10-28 | 1964-02-18 | Gulf Research Development Co | Process for controlling carbon residue content of oil |
| FR1465253A (en) * | 1965-01-25 | 1967-01-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improved hydroforming process to control the formation of coke deposits on a catalyst |
| US3666932A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1972-05-30 | Texaco Inc | Means and method for on-line determination of the aromatic, naphthene and paraffin contents of charge oil |
| FR2545938A1 (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1984-11-16 | Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING CHARACTERISTICS AND HANDLING MULTI-CONSTITUENT SUBSTANCES |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 59, no. 9, 1er mai 1987, pages 624A-637A, American Chemical Society; J.B. CALLIS et al.: "Process analytical chemistry" * |
| APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS, vol. 21, no. 1/2, 1985, pages 1-43, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, US; L.G. WEYER: "Near-infrared spectroscopy of organic substances" * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2619628B1 (en) | 1991-07-26 |
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| ST | Notification of lapse |
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