FR2595417A1 - Device with blades of the turbine, fan, pump or other type - Google Patents

Abstract

Device with blades 15 of the turbine, fan, pump or other type, comprising a drive shaft 17 and, carried by the latter, a multiplicity of blades 21 arranged into a crown. The blades 21 are mounted in such a way as to occupy two extreme circumferential orientations or positions corresponding respectively to the two directions of rotation of the drive shaft and to pass from one position to the other under the effect of the inertia on rotation and/or of the fluid to be set in motion. It comprises means forming stops 20 limiting the movement of the blades 21 at their two extreme circumferential positions and means 19 for guiding their movement between these stops 20 of one or the other of their extreme positions.

Description

"TURBINE-TYPE BLADE DEVICE, FAN
PUMP OR OTHER "
The present invention relates to a device with blades of the turbine, fan, pump or other type for setting in motion fluids, comprising a drive shaft and, carried by the latter, a multiplicity of blades arranged in a ring.

 Blade devices of the above type currently known are generally carried by a drive shaft which rotates in one direction of rotation, the blades being oriented and fixed relative to the drive shaft. When the drive shaft is capable of rotating in its two directions of rotation, the blades are simply arranged radially so that the efficiency of the blade device and its delivery power are relatively low.

 The present invention proposes, on the contrary, a device with blades adapted to operate in the two directions of rotation of the drive shaft while producing a delivery power and a yield which can be excellent. This object can be achieved by the fact that, in accordance with the present invention, the blades of the device are mounted so as to occupy two extreme circumferential positions or orientations corresponding respectively to the two directions of rotation of the drive shaft and to pass through 'One position to another under the effect of the inertia during rotation and / or the fluid to be set in motion.

 In a preferred embodiment, the blade device according to the present invention comprises means forming stops limiting the movement of the blades to their two extreme positions and means for guiding their movements between these stops from one to the other of their extreme positions. .

 In a variant, the blade device according to the present invention comprises a first plate fixed to said drive shaft, a second plate rises in rotation on said first plate, axes of rotation of the blades on the second plate, parallel to the axis of the drive shaft, connecting axes parallel to the axis of the drive shaft and slots or oblong recesses provided respectively on the blades and on the first plate, so that in the extreme positions of the blades, the connecting axes are in abutment at the ends of the oblong slots or recesses opposite their axis of rotation and that the blades pass from one extreme position to the other by rotation of the second plate relative to the first plate, rotation of the blades along their axis of rotation and sliding of their connecting axis in the slots or associated oblong recesses.

 According to the present invention, said axes of rotation are preferably fixed on said second plate and extend through blades and said connecting axes are preferably fixed on said first plate and extend in recesses or oblong slots provided in the through blades.

According to the present invention, so as to obtain fluid flow channels, a third plate in the form of a crown extending 1 opposite and at a distance from said second plate is preferably provided, the blades extending between this third plate and the second plate and these plates being connected in rotation. Preferably, said axes of rotation are fixed respectively on these second and third plates
In another alternative embodiment, the blade machine according to the present invention comprises a plate fixed to said drive shaft, axes of rotation of the blades on this plate, parallel to the axis of the drive shaft and means forming a stop provided on said plate for the blades in their extreme positions, the blades passing from one extreme position to the other by rotation about their axis of rotation.

 In this variant, it is also advantageous to provide a second ring-shaped plate located opposite and at a distance from said plate, these plates being linked in rotation and the blades extending between them. Preferably, said axes of rotation pass through the blades and their ends are respectively fixed on said plates, said abutment means being formed by connecting axes, the ends of which are fixed respectively to said plates.

 In another alternative embodiment, the blade device according to the present invention comprises a first plate fixed to said drive shaft, a second crown-shaped plate located opposite and at a distance from said first plate, the blades extending between these plates, means for connecting these plates, and pairs of connecting pins and recesses or oblong slots provided respectively on either side of the blades and on said plates, one of the recesses or lights of said pairs of oblong recesses or slots being provided substantially circumferentially and the other being provided substantially radially, so that the connecting pins which cooperate with the circumferential oblong slots or slots are in abutment at the ends of these recesses or slots in the extreme positions blades and the blades pass from one position to another by sliding of said connecting axes in the recesses or associated oblong slots.

 In this variant, it may seem advantageous to provide blades made of a deformable or elastic material, the connecting axes cooperating with the radial oblong recesses or slots being in abutment at the outer end of these recesses or slots at the extreme positions of the blades.

 In accordance with the present invention and whatever the variant embodiment, it may appear advantageous to provide blades made of an elastically deformable material, this elastic deformation occurring during rotation of the device, under the effect of their inertia and / or the fluid to set in motion.

 The applications of the paddle device according to the present invention are numerous. It can be used as a pump or turbine to set in motion liquids or gases.

 It can also be used as a fan, associated with electric or thermal motors with two directions of rotation with a view to their cooling.

The present invention will be better understood using blades devices hereinafter referred to as turbines and which can constitute fans, pumps, or any other devices for setting in motion fluids, described by way of nonlimiting examples and illustrated by the drawing on which
- Figure 1 shows in radial section along
II of Figure 2, a first paddle device according to the present invention
- Figure 2 shows a section on II-II of the paddle device shown in Figure 1
- Figure 3 shows in radial section along
III-III of Figure 4, a second paddle device according to the present invention
- Figure 4 shows an axial section along
IV-VI of the blade device of Figure 3 ;;
- Figure 5 shows in radial section along
VV of FIG. 6, a third paddle device according to the present invention
- And Figure 6 shows an axial section along
VI-IV of the blade device according to FIG. 5.

 The turbine blade device, shown in Figures 1 and 2, generally identified by the reference 1, comprises a radial plate 2 which is fixed to the end of a drive shaft 3 connected to the non-motor depicted of a machine such as an electric motor and a radial plate 4 in the form of a crown which is carried by the plate 2 and which is rotatably mounted on the periphery of the latter. To this end, the plate 4 has an inner annular shoulder 5 which extends between an outer annular shoulder 6 of the plate 2 and an annular plate 7 fixed on the plate 2 by means not shown.

In the example, the plates 2 and 4 have coplanar radial faces.

 The turbine 1 also comprises a third radial plate 8 in the form of an annular ring which extends at a distance and opposite the annular plate 4, on the side opposite to the drive shaft 3. This annular plate 8 is connected to the annular plate 4 via six axes of rotation 9 parallel to the drive shaft 3, angularly offset and regularly distributed at their periphery.

 In addition, the plate 2 carries six connecting axes 10 which are parallel to the axes of rotation 9 and which are regularly distributed in the vicinity of the periphery of the plate 2, these connecting axes extending in the space separating the plates 4 and 8 without reaching this plateau 8.

 The turbine 1 also comprises six blades 11 which are arranged in a ring and which are carried by, respectively, an axis of rotation 9 and a connecting axis 10 in the following manner.

The blades 11 are in the form of parallelipipedic plates and extend between the radial plates 2, 4 and 8. Their peripheral ends are crossed respectively in the direction of their width by the axes of rotation 9 around which they are capable of turning and their inner end portions respectively have oblong recesses or slots 12 made in the direction of their width and in which the connecting pins 10 extend respectively. These oblong slots or recesses 12 extend in the main plane of the blades 11.

 It follows that the connection in rotation of the assembly formed by the plates 4 and 8 and the axes of rotation 9 to the plate 2 is produced through the blades ll and the connecting axes 10.

 Referring to FIG. 1, it can be seen that, when the turbine 1 is rotated by the drive shaft 3 in the direction of the arrow 13, the connecting pins 10 are in abutment against the inner end of the oblong slots 12 of the blades 11 opposite the axes of rotation 9. The blades 11 regularly distributed are in an extreme position in which they are inclined with respect to the radial planes passing through the axes of rotation 9, the connecting axes 10 being in front by relative to the axes of rotation 9. Thus a fluid such as air is caused to flow, thanks to the blades 11, through the central passage of the plate 8 towards the periphery of the turbine 1 passing between the blades I1 and the plates 4 and 8.

 When the drive shaft 3 is caused to rotate in the opposite direction to the arrow 13, thanks to the inertia with the rotation of the assembly formed by the plates 4 and 8 connected by the axes of rotation 9 and the blades 11 and / or the effect of the fluid being in the turbine 1 on the blades 11, the plate 2 rotates, at start-up, relative to the plate 4. In this way, the connecting pins 10 carried by the plate 2 are move in the oblong slots 12 by approaching the axes of rotation 9 and then moving away from them to abut against the inner end of the oblong slots 12 and by rotating the blades 11 around the axes of rotation 9. The blades 11 are then arranged symmetrically with respect to the radial planes passing through their axis of rotation 9, in a second extreme position. One of the blades 11 has been shown in FIG. 1 in this second extreme position in which also the blades 11 are inclined with respect to the radial planes passing p ar the axes of rotation 9 and the connecting axes 10 are in front of the axes of rotation 9. The operation of the turbine 1 is then identical to its previous operation.

 If the turbine 1 is made to rotate again in the direction of the arrow 13, opposite relative displacements will occur to bring the blades 11 back to their position shown in FIG. 1.

 It can also be seen in FIG. 2 that the turbine 1 is surrounded at its periphery by a volute or flow channel 14 for guiding the fluid set in motion by the blades 11.

 Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that another device with blades forming a turbine generally identified by the reference 15 is shown there. This turbine 15 comprises a radial plate 16 which is fixed to the end of a drive shaft 17 connected to a drive motor not shown, as well as a radial plate 18 in the form of a crown located at a distance and vis -screw of the plate 16 opposite the drive shaft 17. These plates 16 and 18 are connected, in the example, by six axes of rotation 19 parallel to the drive shaft 17 and whose ends carried by the plate 18 are located near its inner edge, these axes of rotation being angularly offset and regularly distributed. The plates 16 and 18 are also connected by six connecting axes 20 also parallel to the drive shaft 7. These connecting axes are angularly offset and are regularly distributed near the peripheral edges of the plates 16 and 18, the connecting axes 20 being, in pairs, arranged symmetrically with respect to each of the planes passing through the axes of rotation 19.

 The turbine 15 also comprises blades 21 in the form of plates which extend between the plates 16 and 18 and whose internal ends are traversed, in the direction of their width, by the axes of rotation 19 and whose external end can, by rotation around the axes of rotation 19, come into abutment, at two extreme positions, against the nearest connecting axes.

 Thus, when drive shaft 17 drives the turbine 15 in the direction of arrow 22, as can be seen in FIG. 3, the blades are in abutment against the connecting axes 20 situated behind their axis of rotation 19 , the blades 21 thus being inclined and allowing the fluid flow in the turbine 15 to be set in motion, from the central passage 18a of the annular plate 18 towards its periphery, passing between the blades 21 and the plates 16 and 18.

 When the drive shaft 17 rotates in the opposite direction to the arrow 22, at start-up, thanks to the inertia of the blades 21 and / or to the effect on them of the fluid located in the turbine 15, the blades 21 pass by pivoting about the axes of rotation from their inclined position shown in FIG. 3 to an opposite extreme position in which they abut against the connecting axes 20 lying behind their axes of rotation 19, this second extreme position of the blades 21 being symmetrical with respect to the radial planes passing through the axes of rotation 19 of the previous extreme position. The turbine 15 is then in the same operating state as above but for the opposite direction of rotation of the drive shaft 17.

 When the drive shaft 17 is made to rotate again in the direction of arrow 22, the blades 21 will return, at start-up, to their position shown in FIG. 3.

 It can be seen in FIG. 4 that, here too, the peripheral part of the turbine 15 is enveloped by a volute or a flow channel 23 of the fluid set in motion.

 Referring to Figures 5 and 6, we will now describe a third device with blades forming a turbine generally identified by the reference 24. This turbine 24 comprises a radial plate 25 fixed at the end of a shaft drive 26 as well as a radial plate in the form of a crown 27 which extends opposite and at a distance from the plate 25, opposite the entrainment shaft 26. These plates 25 and 27 are connected by three studs 28 regularly distributed around their periphery.

 This turbine 24 also includes blades generally identified by the reference 29 which extend between the plates 25 and 27 which are six in number in the example shown and which are mounted in the following manner.

 At their inner end, the blades 29 have internal connecting axes parallel to the drive shaft 26, the ends of which penetrate respectively into oblong recesses 31 and 32 of the plates 25 and 27. The oblong recesses 31 and 32 s' extend radially and are located near the inner edge of the crown-shaped plate 27. They are also angularly offset and evenly distributed.

 The blades 29 also include external connecting pins 33 which are parallel to the centering shaft 26 and the ends of which penetrate respectively into oblong recesses 34 and 35 of the plates 25 and 27. These recesses 34 and 35 are arranged near the outer edges of the plates 25 and 27 and extending circumferentially, on either side of the radial planes passing the internal recesses 31 and 33. They are also angularly offset and regularly distributed.

 The blades 29 include a central part 36 which connects the connecting axes 30 and 33 and which constitutes its body.

In the example shown, this central part 36 is made of a deformable material, preferably elastically deformable and formed for example by a plastic veil.

 When the drive shaft 26 drives the turbine 24 in the direction indicated by the arrow 37 as shown in FIG. 5, the external connecting axes 33 of the blades 29 are behind their internal connecting axes 30 and are in abutment against the end of the circumferential recesses 34 and 35 of the plates 25 and 27 situated behind the radial planes passing through the radial recesses 31 and 32 of the plates 25 and 27 and the ends of the internal connecting pins 30 are in abutment against the outer end of the internal radial recesses 31 and 32 of the plates 25 and 27. Thus, the planes passing through the connecting axes 30 and 33 of the blades 29 are inclined in relation to the radial planes passing through the internal connecting axes 30 and the central parts 36 of the blades 29 take a concave shape in the direction of rotation of the turbine 24. The blades 29 entrain the fluid through the turbine 24 from the central passage 27a of the ring-shaped plate 27 towards its periphery, passing between the blades 29 and the plates 25 and 27.

 When the drive shaft 26 drives the turbine 24 in the opposite direction to the arrow 37, at start-up, thanks to the effect of the inertia of the rotation of the blades 29 and / or of the fluid in the turbine 24 , the ends of the external connecting pins 33 slide in the circumferential external recesses 34 and 35 towards the other end of these recesses and the internal connecting pins 30 slide radially in the radial internal recesses 31 and 32 and come into abutment against their end outside. The blades 29 are found in an extreme position symmetrical to the previous extreme position visible in FIG. 5, the turbine being in an operating state identical to the previous operating state for the second direction of rotation of the driving shaft. - ment 26.

 When the drive shaft 26 is made to rotate again in the direction of arrow 37, the blades 29 of the turbine 24 will return to their previous position visible in FIG. 5.

 As before, the periphery of the turbine 24 is surrounded by a volute or a flow and guide channel 38.

 It appears from the examples described above that the paddle devices shown are adapted to operate with inclined paddles which allow a centrifugal flow of a fluid, that the drive shaft rotates in one direction or that it rotates in the other, the blades passing from an extreme symmetrical inclined position to the other extreme inclined position under the effect of the inertia during rotation and / or of the fluid to be set in motion.

 Of course, the blades of the turbines described could have different shapes, and in particular all shapes favorable to flow.

 By way of examples, the paddle devices described above are particularly suitable for constituting fans of electric or thermal motors for setting in motion an air current for their cooling.

 The present invention is not limited to the devices described above. Many alternative embodiments are possible without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

 1. Device with blades of the turbine, fan, pump or other type, comprising a drive shaft (3; 17; 28) and, carried by the latter, a multiplicity of blades (11; 21 29) arranged according to a crown, characterized by the fact that the blades are mounted so as to occupy two extreme circumferential positions or orientations corresponding respectively to the two directions of rotation of the drive shaft and to pass from one position to another under the effect of the inertia to rotation and / or the fluid to be set in motion.  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means forming stops limiting the movement of the blades to their two extreme positions and means for guiding their movement between stops from one to the other of their positions extreme.  3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises: a first plate (2) fixed to said drive shaft (3); a second plate (4) rotatably mounted on said first plate (2); axes of rotation (9) of the blades (11) on the second plate (4), parallel to the axis of the drive shaft (3); connecting axes (10) parallel to the axis of the drive shaft (3) and slots or oblong recesses (12) provided respectively on the blades (11) and on the first plate (2), such so that in the extreme positions of the blades (11), the connecting pins (10) are in abutment at the ends of the slots or oblong recesses (12) opposite their axis of rotation (9) and that the blades (11) pass from 'an extreme position to the other by rotation of the second plate (4) relative to the first plate (2), rotation of the blades (11) according to their axis of rotation - (9) and sliding of their connecting axis (10) in the associated recesses or oblong slots (12).  4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that said axes of rotation (9) are fixed on said second plate (4) and extend through blades (11) and that said connecting axes (10) are fixed to said first plate (2) and extend into recesses or oblong slots (12) provided through the blades (11).  5. Device according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that it comprises a third plate (8) in the form of a crown extending opposite and at a distance from said second plate (4), the blades (11) extending between this third plate (8) and the second plate (4), the ends of said axes of rotation (9) being fixed respectively on these second and third plates (4, 8).  6. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises: a plate (16) fixed to said drive shaft (17); axes of rotation (19) of the blades (21) on this plate (16), parallel to the axis of the drive shaft of the means forming stops (20) provided on said plate (16) for the blades (21 ) in their extreme positions, the blades (21) passing from one extreme position to the other by rotation about their axis of rotation (19).  7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a second plate (18) in the form of a crown situated opposite and at a distance from said plate (16), the blades (21) extending between these plates, said axes of rotation (19) passing through the blades (21) and their ends being respectively fixed to said plates (16, 19) and said means forming stops being formed by connecting axes (20) whose ends are fixed to said plates (16, 18).  8. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises: a first plate (25) fixed to said drive shaft (26); a second plate (27) in the form of a crown situated opposite and at a distance from said first plate (25), the blades (29) extending between these plates; connecting means (28) of these plates (25, 27); pairs of connecting pins (30, 33) and oblong recesses or slots (31, 34) provided respectively on either side of the blades (29) and on said plates (25, 27), one (34) recesses or slots in said pairs of oblong recesses or slots being provided substantially circumferentially and the other (31) being provided substantially radially; so that the connecting pins (33) which cooperate with the circumferential oblong recesses or slots (34) are in abutment at the ends of these recesses or slots at the extreme positions of the blades (29) and that the blades (29) pass from 'one position to another by sliding said connecting pins (30, 33) in the recesses or oblong slots (31, 34) associated.  9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blades (11; 21; 29) are made of an elastically deformable material.  10. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the blades (29) are made of a deformable or elastic material, the connecting pins (30) cooperating with the recesses or oblong radial slots (31) being in abutment with the outer end of these recesses or slots (31) at the extreme positions of the blades (29).