FR2576415A1 - Apparatus for measuring the permeability of ground and more particularly formations with very low permeability, of the pulse test type - Google Patents

Apparatus for measuring the permeability of ground and more particularly formations with very low permeability, of the pulse test type Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2576415A1
FR2576415A1 FR8500697A FR8500697A FR2576415A1 FR 2576415 A1 FR2576415 A1 FR 2576415A1 FR 8500697 A FR8500697 A FR 8500697A FR 8500697 A FR8500697 A FR 8500697A FR 2576415 A1 FR2576415 A1 FR 2576415A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
measuring
permeability
ground
assembly
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Granted
Application number
FR8500697A
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French (fr)
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FR2576415B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Barres
Guy Brossier
Marc Sauter
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Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres BRGM
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Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres BRGM
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Priority to FR8500697A priority Critical patent/FR2576415B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/008—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by injection test; by analysing pressure variations in an injection or production test, e.g. for estimating the skin factor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the permeability of ground and more particularly formations with very low permeability, of the pulse test type. This apparatus is characterised in that it comprises a measurement tube 3 driven forcibly into a hole 2 drilled in the ground, with a diameter which is slightly smaller than the external diameter of the tube 3, this tube being driven in up to a certain distance from the bottom of the bore, the upper end of the tube being closed in a water-tight manner and being connected to pipes, via valves, to a pressurised water source 7 and to an assembly 10 continuously measuring the pressure existing in the tube 3.

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil de mesure de la perméabilité ae terrais et plus particulièrement de formations très faiblement perméables, du type à test im pulsionnel.  The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring permeability to soil and more particularly to formations with very low permeability, of the type with impulse test.

Dans certains cas ,il est nécessaire de pouvoir dé- terminer avec une très grande précision la perméabilité d'un sol, par exemple pour la mise en déchage de déchets industriels. La mesure du coefficient de perméabilité du sol permet de classer les sites pouvant être éventuellement retenus à cet effet en plusieurs classes. Ainsi pour les sites de première classe, dits "imperméables", pouvant recevoir des déchets industriels spéciaux, le coefficient de perméabiZité doit être égal ou inférieur à 1 .10-g m/s sur une épaisseur au mois équivalente à 5 m. In some cases, it is necessary to be able to determine with very great precision the permeability of a soil, for example for the staging of industrial waste. The measurement of the soil permeability coefficient makes it possible to classify the sites that may possibly be selected for this purpose in several classes. Thus for the first class sites, known as "impermeable", which can receive special industrial waste, the permeability coefficient must be equal to or less than 1.10-g m / s over a thickness per month equivalent to 5 m.

On connait actuellement divers appareils pour ta mesure de la perméabilité d'un soZ, ces appareils étant encore appelés "infilt-romètres". L'un de ces appareils con- nus, dit à test impulsionnel ou encore "pulse test", met en oeuvre un procédé suivant lequel on applique un choc kydrau- lique dans un forage percé dans te sol dont o veut déterminer la perméabilité. A cet effet on introduit, dans le fo raoe, de Z'eau que l'on soumet à une surpression initiale et on mesure périodiquement la valeur de la charoe supplémentaire résiduelle qui décroit en fonction du temps. PZus la perméabilité du terrain est grande, plus cette décrois- sance est rapide. Various devices are currently known for your measurement of the permeability of a soZ, these devices being also called "infilt-rometers". One of these known devices, known as impulse test or also "pulse test", implements a process according to which a hydraulic shock is applied in a borehole drilled in the soil whose permeability is to be determined. To this end, water is introduced into the fo raoe which is subjected to an initial overpressure and the value of the residual additional charoe which periodically decreases as a function of time is measured periodically. The greater the permeability of the ground, the faster this decrease.

Si tes appareils de mesure de la perméabilité du type à test impulsionnel connus jusqu'à ce jour permettent généralement d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants, ils n'en sont pas moins limités quant au degré de précision qu'ils permettent d'atteindre et au domaine dans lequel sont effectuées les mesures de perméabibité. En effet la mise en oeuvre des appareils à test impulsionnel connus jusqu'à ce jour exige la mise en ptace, dans ur; forage, d'un obturateur gonflable.Or un tel obturateur gonflable ne peut pas être utilisé dans le cas où l'on désire effectuer la mesure de la perméabilité de formations superficielles, telles que des argiles ou des mares, car cet obturateur pertuberait trop
les terrains avoisinants. Par aiZZeurs, du fait de l'utiisa- tion d'un teZ obturateur gonflable, l'appareil de mesure à test impulsionnel connu exige un équipement relativement encombrant, comportant notamment un compresseur, ZequeZ doit être transporté par un véhicule. Or il arrive très souvent que les mesures de perméabilité doivent être effectuées e-n des endroits inaccessibles à tout véhicule.Although the pulse test type measurement devices known to date generally allow satisfactory results to be obtained, they are nonetheless limited as to the degree of precision which they make it possible to achieve and to field in which permeability measurements are carried out. Indeed, the use of impulse test apparatuses known to date requires setting up in ur; drilling, an inflatable obturator. However, such an inflatable obturator cannot be used in the case where it is desired to measure the permeability of surface formations, such as clays or ponds, because this obturator would disturb too much
neighboring land. By aiZZeurs, due to the use of an inflatable obturator, the known impulse test measuring device requires relatively bulky equipment, notably comprising a compressor, ZequeZ must be transported by a vehicle. However, it very often happens that permeability measurements must be carried out in places inaccessible to any vehicle.

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvé- nients en procurant un appareil de conception particulièrement simpZe, de faible encombrement, aisément transportable, pourvu dP moyens d'enregistrement et pouvant fonctionner d'une manière totaZement autonome. The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a device of particularly simple design, compact, easily transportable, provided with recording means and capable of operating in a completely autonomous manner.

A cet effet cet appareil de mesure de la perméabilité de terrains et plus particulièrement de formations très faiblement perméabZes, du type à test impulsionnel, est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tube de mesure enfoncé à force dans un trou foré dans te soZ, d'un diamètre Zéoère- ment inférieur au diamètre externe du tube, ce tube étant enfoncé jusqu'à une certaine distance du fond du forage, l'extrémité supérieure du tube étant fermée d'une manière étanche et étant reliée par des canalisations, par l'inter- médiaire de vannes, à une source d'eau sous pression et à un ensemble mesurant en permanence la pression régnant dans le tube. To this end, this device for measuring the permeability of soils and more particularly of very weakly permeable formations, of the type with impulse test, is characterized in that it comprises a measurement tube pressed into a hole drilled in te soZ, with a diameter Zoeoerly smaller than the external diameter of the tube, this tube being inserted up to a certain distance from the bottom of the borehole, the upper end of the tube being closed in a sealed manner and being connected by pipes, by valves, a source of pressurized water and an assembly permanently measuring the pressure prevailing in the tube.

Suivant une caractéristique complémentaire de l'in Invention l'ensemble de mesure comporte un capteur de pres on et un enregistreur connecté au capteur de pression pour enregistrer en permanence la variation de la charge hydrau
Tique résiduelle dans le tube engagé à force dans te sot.According to a complementary characteristic of the invention, the measuring system includes a pres on sensor and a recorder connected to the pressure sensor to permanently record the variation of the hydraulic load.
Residual tick in the tube forced into the fool.

L'appareil suivant l'invention offre l'avantage que
' tube de mesure enfoncé à force dans le sol assure ae @ui-même une étanchéité parfaite et ceci rend inutile l'emploi d'un obturateur gonflable. Par ailleurs la mesure de la perméabilité est réalisée en appliquant une surpresston relativement faible, de Z'ordre d'environ 100 millibars, ce qui permet de ne pas perturber les couches superficielles des terrains. Cette sur pression est nettement inférieure à celle utilisée d'une manière classique dans la méthode de mesure par test impulsionnnel, cette dernière pression pouvant atteindre plusieurs bars.The apparatus according to the invention offers the advantage that
'measuring tube forced into the ground ensures ae @ ui itself a perfect seal and this makes unnecessary the use of an inflatable obturator. Furthermore, the measurement of permeability is carried out by applying a relatively low surpresston, of the order of approximately 100 millibars, which makes it possible not to disturb the surface layers of the terrains. This overpressure is much lower than that conventionally used in the method of measurement by impulse test, the latter pressure being able to reach several bars.

On décrira ci-après,a titre d'exempte non limitatif, une forme d'exécution de la présente invention,en référence au dessin annexé qui est un schéma d'un appareil de mesure de la perméabilité de terrains quivant l'invention. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawing which is a diagram of an apparatus for measuring the permeability of terrains which make up the invention.

L'appar-eiZ de mesure qui est représenté schématiquement sur le dessin est destiné à mesurer la perméabilité de formations superficielles 1, telles qu'argiles ou marnes, par la méthode du test impulsionnel. Pour mettre en oeuvre l'appareil suivant l'invention on fore préalablement dans te soZ un trou 2 ayant un petit diamètre a, égal par exempte à 40 mm. Dans ce trou on enfonce à force un tube ae mesure 3 de diamètre externe un peu supérieur au diamètre du trou a. The measurement apparatus which is shown diagrammatically in the drawing is intended to measure the permeability of surface formations 1, such as clay or marl, by the method of the impulse test. To use the apparatus according to the invention, a hole 2 having a small diameter a, equal for example to 40 mm, is drilled beforehand. In this hole, a tube ae measuring 3 has an external diameter which is slightly greater than the diameter of the hole a.

Le tube 3 est engagé partiellement dans le trou 2 de manière à s'arreter à distance du fond du trou et à faire saillie au-dessus du sot. Par exemple si la profondeur totale du trou 2 est de 94 cm, on peut engager le tube 3 sur une profondeur de 50 cm, si bien que l'extrémité inférieure du tube 3 est située à une distance de 44 cm du fond du trou 2.The tube 3 is partially engaged in the hole 2 so as to stop at a distance from the bottom of the hole and to project above the fool. For example if the total depth of hole 2 is 94 cm, you can engage the tube 3 to a depth of 50 cm, so that the lower end of the tube 3 is located at a distance of 44 cm from the bottom of the hole 2 .

Le tube de mesure 3 est prolongé, à son extrémité supérieure, par deux canalisations à savoir une canalisa- tin 5 sur laquelle est branchée une vanne 6 reliée à une source d'alimentation en eau sous pression 7, et une canaZiratio g qui communique, par l'intermédiaire d'un capteur de pression 9, avec un ensemble de mesure 9 comprenant un enre- oistreur 11, un thermomètre 12, un conditionneur 13 et une source d'alimentation électrique autonome 14 pour le capteur et l'enregistreur, tous ces éléments étant logés dans un coffret étanche 15. Le thermomètre 12 est relié a une sonde de température 16 logée,conjointement avec 12 partie supe rieurs du tube 3, dans une enceinte 17 lsclée thermiquement. The measurement tube 3 is extended, at its upper end, by two pipes, namely a pipe 5 to which a valve 6 is connected, connected to a source of pressurized water supply 7, and a pipe that communicates, via a pressure sensor 9, with a measuring assembly 9 comprising a recorder 11, a thermometer 12, a conditioner 13 and a stand-alone power source 14 for the sensor and the recorder, all these elements being housed in a sealed box 15. The thermometer 12 is connected to a temperature probe 16 housed, together with 12 upper parts of the tube 3, in an enclosure 17 thermally locked.

e thermomètre 12 permet ainsi de mesurer et de corriger l'effet des éventuelles variations de température au cours d'essais de longue durée (variations diurnes).  he thermometer 12 thus makes it possible to measure and correct the effect of any temperature variations during long-term tests (daytime variations).

L'ensemble 9 permet de reZever de la manière habituelle la déroissance de la charge hydraulique résiduelle H en fonction du temps. Un tel appareil permet d'effectuer des mesures de perméabilité en quelques heures,pour déterminer un coefficient de perméabilité avec une précision de 1.10-9 m/s. Cet appareil peut atteindre des degrés de préci ston encore supérieurs, pouvant aller jusqu'à 1.10-12 m/s.  The assembly 9 makes it possible to reZever in the usual way the decrease in the residual hydraulic head H as a function of time. Such an apparatus makes it possible to carry out permeability measurements in a few hours, to determine a coefficient of permeability with an accuracy of 1.10-9 m / s. This device can reach even higher degrees of accuracy, up to 1.10-12 m / s.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS 1.- Appareil de mesure de la perméabilité de ter ras et plus particulièrement de formations très faiblement perméables, du type à test impulsionnel, caractérise en ce qu'iZ comprend un tube de mesure (3) enfoncé à force dans un trou (2) foré dans le soi, d'un diamètre légèrement it.- férieur au diamètre externe du tube (3), ce tube étant enfoncé jusqu'à une certaine distance au fond du forage, l'extrémité supérieure du tube étant fermée d'une manière étanche et étant reliée par des canalisations,par l'intermé- diaire de vannes, à une source d'eau sous pression (7) et 1.- Apparatus for measuring the permeability of earth and more particularly of very slightly permeable formations, of the type with impulse test, characterized in that iZ comprises a measuring tube (3) forced into a hole (2) drilled in the self, of a diameter slightly it.- smaller than the external diameter of the tube (3), this tube being inserted to a certain distance from the bottom of the borehole, the upper end of the tube being closed in a way watertight and being connected by pipes, by means of valves, to a source of pressurized water (7) and un ensemble (10) mesurant en permanence la pression régnant dans le tube (3). an assembly (10) permanently measuring the pressure prevailing in the tube (3). 2.- AppareiZ suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de mesure (10) comporte un capteur de pression (9) et un enregistreur (I1) connecté au capteur de pression (9J pour enregistrer en permanence la variation de la charge hydraulique résiduelle dans te tube (3) engagé à force dans le sot. 2.- Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that the measuring assembly (10) comprises a pressure sensor (9) and a recorder (I1) connected to the pressure sensor (9J for permanently recording the variation of the load residual hydraulic in the tube (3) forcibly engaged in the dump. 3.- Appareil suivant la revendication2 caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de mesure (10) comporte un thermomètre (12) qui est relié à une sonde de température (16) logée, conjointement avec ta partie supérieure du tube (3), dans une enceinte (17) isolée thermiquement.  3.- Apparatus according to claim2 characterized in that the measuring assembly (10) comprises a thermometer (12) which is connected to a temperature probe (16) housed, together with the upper part of the tube (3), in a thermally insulated enclosure (17). 4.- Appareil suivant la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une source a alimentation électrique autonome (14) pour te capteur (9), le thermomètre (12) et l'enregistreur (11).  4.- Apparatus according to claim 3 characterized in that it comprises a source with autonomous electrical supply (14) for the sensor (9), the thermometer (12) and the recorder (11).
FR8500697A 1985-01-18 1985-01-18 APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE PERMEABILITY OF TERRAIN AND ESPECIALLY OF VERY WEAKLY PERMEABLE FORMATIONS, OF THE PULSE TEST TYPE Expired FR2576415B1 (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2598806A1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-11-20 Soletanche METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE PERMEABILITY OF A FIELD
US4956993A (en) * 1989-04-25 1990-09-18 Marathon Oil Company Soil infiltrometer
EP0429078A1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1991-05-29 Soletanche Method and apparatus for measuring ground permeability
US8583378B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2013-11-12 Total Sa Method of estimating physical parameters of a geological formation
EP3159671A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-26 Hahn, Hans Jürgen Base permeability measuring device
WO2017067898A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 Hz-Dr. Hans Jürgen Hahn Und Dr. Thomas Zumbroich Gbr Substrate permeability measuring device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB817295A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-07-29 Stichting Waterbouwkundig Lab Apparatus and method for determining in situ the soil permeability and the water pressure
US3140599A (en) * 1961-12-07 1964-07-14 Pure Oil Co Method and apparatus for determining permeability of earth formations
GB1430239A (en) * 1972-07-12 1976-03-31 Nat Res Dev In-situ testing of materials
US4052885A (en) * 1976-08-24 1977-10-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Portable device and method for determining permeability characteristics of earth formations
US4458525A (en) * 1982-04-08 1984-07-10 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Borehole plate test

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB817295A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-07-29 Stichting Waterbouwkundig Lab Apparatus and method for determining in situ the soil permeability and the water pressure
US3140599A (en) * 1961-12-07 1964-07-14 Pure Oil Co Method and apparatus for determining permeability of earth formations
GB1430239A (en) * 1972-07-12 1976-03-31 Nat Res Dev In-situ testing of materials
US4052885A (en) * 1976-08-24 1977-10-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Portable device and method for determining permeability characteristics of earth formations
US4458525A (en) * 1982-04-08 1984-07-10 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Borehole plate test

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2598806A1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-11-20 Soletanche METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE PERMEABILITY OF A FIELD
EP0250279A2 (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-12-23 SOLETANCHE Société Anonyme dite: Method and apparatus for measuring the permeability of a land area
EP0250279A3 (en) * 1986-05-15 1988-12-14 SOLETANCHE Société Anonyme dite: Method and apparatus for measuring the permeability of a land area
EP0429078A1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1991-05-29 Soletanche Method and apparatus for measuring ground permeability
US4956993A (en) * 1989-04-25 1990-09-18 Marathon Oil Company Soil infiltrometer
US8583378B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2013-11-12 Total Sa Method of estimating physical parameters of a geological formation
EP3159671A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-26 Hahn, Hans Jürgen Base permeability measuring device
WO2017067898A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 Hz-Dr. Hans Jürgen Hahn Und Dr. Thomas Zumbroich Gbr Substrate permeability measuring device
US20180252629A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2018-09-06 Hz-Dr. Hans Jürgen Hahn Und Dr. Thomas Zumbroich Gbr Substrate permeability measuring device

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