FR2550826A1 - Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit - Google Patents

Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2550826A1
FR2550826A1 FR8313428A FR8313428A FR2550826A1 FR 2550826 A1 FR2550826 A1 FR 2550826A1 FR 8313428 A FR8313428 A FR 8313428A FR 8313428 A FR8313428 A FR 8313428A FR 2550826 A1 FR2550826 A1 FR 2550826A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
shape
downstream
low
axial
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR8313428A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul Jarriand
Pierre Boussuges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neyrpic SA
Original Assignee
Neyrpic SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neyrpic SA filed Critical Neyrpic SA
Priority to FR8313428A priority Critical patent/FR2550826A1/en
Priority to ES535269A priority patent/ES8505452A1/en
Publication of FR2550826A1 publication Critical patent/FR2550826A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16Stators
    • F03B3/18Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F03B3/186Spiral or volute casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/02Casings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit, of the type called <<downstream S>>. It is equipped with a draught tube 14 whose central portion 15, surrounding the axis 16 of the turbomachine and traversed by the shaft 7 connecting it to the electric machine, has the shape of a Moody hydrocone, and whose external portion has a progressively changing shape from upstream to downstream from an overall spiral shape 17 to an overall downstream S exhauster shape 18.

Description

Groupe hydroélectrique axial de basse chute
La présente invention se rapporte à un groupe hydroélectrique axial de basse chute, du type dit "en S aval".
Low head axial hydroelectric group
The present invention relates to an axial low-head hydroelectric group, of the so-called “downstream S” type.

Les groupes axiaux dits en S aval connus actuellement sont tels que schématisés sur la figure 1 annexée. Ce sont des groupes hydroélectriques pouvant fonctionner en turbine 1 entrainant une génératrice ou en pompe entrainée par un moteur, et qui comportent de l'amont vers l'aval - une amenée d'eau 3, en provenance de la chute dont la hauteur est généralement inférieure à 10 mètres, - un avant-distributeur 4, quelquefois suivi d'un distributeur à directrices généralement mobiles, - une roue 5 à pales fixes ou mobiles selon le cas, - un aspirateur de sortie 6 constitué d'un conduit globalement divergent en
S vers le bas comme représenté, conçu pour être traversé par l'arbre 7 de la turbine relié par un accouplement 8 à l'arbre 9 entrainant l'alternateur 2, ce dernier étant situé, à la différence des groupes "bulbes", hors de l'écoulement.Un multiplicateur de vitesse 10 peut se trouver entre l'arbre 9 et l'alternateur ; il permet, dans le cas de très basses chutes, d'avoir un alternateur à vitesse de rotation plus élevée, donc plus économique puisque comportant moins de paires de pôles.
The so-called downstream axial groups known at present are as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 attached. These are hydroelectric groups that can operate as a turbine 1 driving a generator or as a pump driven by a motor, and which include from upstream to downstream - a water supply 3, coming from the waterfall, the height of which is generally less than 10 meters, - a front distributor 4, sometimes followed by a distributor with generally movable steered blades, - a wheel 5 with fixed or movable blades as the case may be, - an outlet vacuum cleaner 6 consisting of a duct that generally diverges in
S downwards as shown, designed to be traversed by the shaft 7 of the turbine connected by a coupling 8 to the shaft 9 driving the alternator 2, the latter being located, unlike the "bulb" groups, outside flow. A speed multiplier 10 may be located between the shaft 9 and the alternator; it makes it possible, in the case of very low drops, to have an alternator with a higher speed of rotation, therefore more economical since it has fewer pairs of poles.

Les inconvénients de ces groupes hydroélectriques connus sont les suivants - L'arbre de la turbine est-supporté par des paliers dont l'un 11 est situé au niveau de l'avant-distributeur 4, et l'autre 12 au-delà du point de traversée de l'aspirateur. La distance entre ces deux paliers est donc relativement grande, ce qui oblige le constructeur à concevoir un arbre 7 d'assez grand diamètre pour avoir une rigidité suffisante permettant de limiter la déformation en flexion dudit arbre et d'augmenter la vitesse critique. The disadvantages of these known hydroelectric groups are as follows - The shaft of the turbine is supported by bearings, one of which 11 is located at the level of the front distributor 4, and the other 12 beyond the point of the vacuum cleaner. The distance between these two bearings is therefore relatively large, which obliges the manufacturer to design a shaft 7 of large enough diameter to have sufficient rigidity making it possible to limit the bending deformation of said shaft and to increase the critical speed.

- L'arbre 7, du fait qu'il traverse l'aspirateur 69 vient y introduire des perturbations peu souhaitables dans l'écoulement.- The shaft 7, because it passes through the vacuum cleaner 69, introduces undesirable disturbances into the flow therein.

- Ce meme arbre est soumis, par l'écoulement qui l'entoure, à des vibrations et des sollicitations mécaniques non négligeables, qui sont dangereuses car ses fréquences propres en flexion et en torsion sont relativement basses en raison de la grande longueur d'arbre libre, de sorte que ce dernier peut entrer en résonance.- This same shaft is subjected, by the flow which surrounds it, to vibrations and not insignificant mechanical stresses, which are dangerous because its natural frequencies in bending and in torsion are relatively low due to the great length of the shaft free, so that the latter can resonate.

- Enfin, la forme de l'aspirateur 6 n'est absolument pas adaptée à un fonctionnement de celui-ci en diffuseur d'entrée de pompe, de sorte qu'un fonc tionnement réversible en turbine ou en pompe, applicable par exemple aux usines marémotrices, ne peut être envisagé avec de tels groupes.- Finally, the shape of the vacuum cleaner 6 is absolutely not suitable for operation of the latter as a pump inlet diffuser, so that reversible operation as a turbine or as a pump, applicable for example to factories tidal, cannot be considered with such groups.

Le groupe hydroélectrique axial de basse chute de l'invention ne présente pas les inconvénients énumérés ci-dessus. I1 est caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un aspirateur-diffuseur dont la partie centrale, entourant l'axe de la turbo-machine et traversée par l'arbre la reliant à la machine électrique, a une forme d'hydrocône de Moody, et dont la partie externe a une forme évoluant progressivement de l'amont vers l'aval depuis une forme générale de volute jusqu'à une forme générale d'aspirateur en S aval. L'aspirateur-diffuseur est appelé aspirateur lorsque le groupe fonctionne en turbine et diffuseur lorsqu'il fonctionne en pompe. The low-head axial hydroelectric group of the invention does not have the drawbacks listed above. It is characterized in that it is provided with a vacuum cleaner-diffuser whose central part, surrounding the axis of the turbo-machine and traversed by the shaft connecting it to the electric machine, has the shape of a hydroconus of Moody, and the external part of which has a shape that gradually evolves from upstream to downstream from a general shape of a volute to a general shape of a downstream S-shaped vacuum cleaner. The vacuum cleaner-diffuser is called vacuum cleaner when the group operates as a turbine and diffuser when it operates as a pump.

La forme dthydrocône de Moody est une forme très connue dans le domaine des aspirateurs et diffuseurs pour turbomachines hydroélectriques, dans laquelle la torche centrale d'aspiration normalement créée par le vortex liquide dû à l'écoulement circonférentiel est remplie par un cône solide. On se reportera par exemple à l'ouvrage de Monsieur André TENOT, "Turbines hydrauliques et régulateurs automatiques de vitesse", Librairie de l'Enseignement Technique, Paris, 1930, pages 297 et 298, figures 252 et 253. Moody's hydroconus shape is a well-known shape in the field of aspirators and diffusers for hydroelectric turbomachines, in which the central suction torch normally created by the liquid vortex due to the circumferential flow is filled by a solid cone. We refer for example to the work of Mr. André TENOT, "Hydraulic turbines and automatic speed regulators", Librairie de l'Enseignement Technique, Paris, 1930, pages 297 and 298, figures 252 and 253.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels - la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un groupe hydroélectrique de basse chute en S aval de l'art antérieur - la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale du groupe hydroélectrique de basse chute de l'invention, - la figure 3 est une vue en perspective permettant de mieux se rendre compte de la forme de 1'aspirateur-diffuseur équipant le groupe hydroélectrique de la figure 2. The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description of an exemplary embodiment, with reference to the appended drawings in which - Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a low-head hydroelectric unit downstream of the S-line. prior art - figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the low-head hydroelectric unit of the invention, - figure 3 is a perspective view making it possible to better understand the shape of the vacuum cleaner-diffuser fitted to the hydroelectric group in figure 2.

En se reportant à l'ensemble des figures 2 et 3, la turbine axiale de basse chute représentée a sa partie amont identique à celles des turbines de l'art antérieur, telles que celle de la figure 1, et l'on y retrouve en particulier l'amenée d'eau 3, l'avant-distributeur 4 et la roue 5. La turbine représentée peut être éventuellement équipée d'ailettes 13, bien connues dans ce domaine technique, et dont le but est de redresser l'écoulement à la sortie de la roue 5 par diminution importante de la composante circonférentielle de la vitesse de cet écoulement. Referring to all of Figures 2 and 3, the low head axial turbine shown has its upstream part identical to those of the turbines of the prior art, such as that of Figure 1, and we find there in in particular the water supply 3, the front-distributor 4 and the impeller 5. The turbine shown can optionally be equipped with fins 13, well known in this technical field, and the purpose of which is to straighten the flow at the exit of the wheel 5 by a significant reduction in the circumferential component of the speed of this flow.

Par contre, comme on le voit sur les dessins, la partie aval de la turbine est sensiblement différente de celle de l'art antérieur. La turbine de l'invention est en effet équipée d'un aspirateur de sortie 14 dont la partie centrale 15, entourant l'axe 16 de la turbine et traversée par l'arbre la reliant à l'alternateur, a une forme d'hydrocone de Moody, et dont la partie restante a une forme (figure 3) évoluant progressivement de l'amont vers l'aval depuis une forme générale 17 de volute, jusqu'à une forme générale 18 d'aspirateur en S aval. On the other hand, as can be seen in the drawings, the downstream part of the turbine is appreciably different from that of the prior art. The turbine of the invention is in fact equipped with an outlet vacuum cleaner 14 whose central part 15, surrounding the axis 16 of the turbine and traversed by the shaft connecting it to the alternator, has the shape of a hydrocone. of Moody, and the remaining part of which has a shape (FIG. 3) progressively evolving from upstream to downstream from a general shape 17 of volute, to a general shape 18 of downstream S-shaped vacuum cleaner.

Le palier aval 19 qui soutient l'arbre 7 peut alors être monté sur l'aspirateur 14, comme on le voit sur la figure 2, de manière à être très proche de la roue 5, de sorte que la longueur d'arbre 7 entre paliers se trouve considérablement réduite par rapport aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur (figure 1). The downstream bearing 19 which supports the shaft 7 can then be mounted on the vacuum cleaner 14, as seen in FIG. 2, so as to be very close to the impeller 5, so that the length of the shaft 7 enters bearings is considerably reduced compared to the devices of the prior art (Figure 1).

L'arbre 7 a sa partie amont entourée par le cône 15, un joint tournant classique 20 assurant l'étanchéité. L'arbre 7 est donc mis à l'abri de ltécoulement, ce qui n'était pas le cas auparavant. I1 est par ailleurs maintenu très rigidement, ce qui permet fina-lemont d'en diminuer le diamètre, et d'éliminer les fréquences basses susceptibles d'entrainer une excitation en résonance des é18ments du groupe. The shaft 7 has its upstream part surrounded by the cone 15, a conventional rotary seal 20 ensuring the seal. The shaft 7 is therefore protected from the flow, which was not the case previously. It is also maintained very rigidly, which ultimately allows its diameter to be reduced, and the low frequencies liable to cause a resonant excitation of the elements of the group to be eliminated.

D'autre part, la présence du conte permet une optinisation de l'é- volution de la section de passage de l'écoulement, donc de la vitesse. Par suite, l'énergie axiale est récupérée sur une courte distance, ce qui conduit à utiliser un aspirateur 14 plus court que les aspirateurs 6 (figure 1) de l'art antérieur. On the other hand, the presence of the tale allows an optinization of the evolution of the passage section of the flow, and therefore of the speed. As a result, the axial energy is recovered over a short distance, which leads to the use of a vacuum cleaner 14 which is shorter than the vacuum cleaners 6 (FIG. 1) of the prior art.

Enfin, l'aspirateur 14 utilisé se trouve avoir une forme convenant pour son utilisation en diffuseur d'entrée de pompe, de sorte que la turbine de l'invention peut aussi, telle qu'elle, être utilisée en pompe, l'eau entrant alors en 18 et sortant en 3, et l'alternateur fonctionnant en moteur. La turbomachine de l'invention a donc l'avantage d'être réversible, et peut donc par exemple être utilisée dans les usines marémotrices. Finally, the vacuum cleaner 14 used is found to have a shape suitable for its use as a pump inlet diffuser, so that the turbine of the invention can also, as it, be used as a pump, the water entering. then at 18 and exiting at 3, and the alternator operating as a motor. The turbomachine of the invention therefore has the advantage of being reversible, and can therefore for example be used in tidal power plants.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION CLAIM Groupe hydroélectrique axial de basse chute, du type dit "en S aval", caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un aspirateur-diffuseur (14) dont la partie centrale (15)- entourant l'axe (16) de la turbomachine et traversée par l'arbre (7) la reliant à la machine électrique, a une forme d"'hydrocône de Axial low-head hydroelectric group, of the so-called "downstream S" type, characterized in that it is provided with a vacuum-diffuser (14) whose central part (15) - surrounding the axis (16) of the turbomachine and traversed by the shaft (7) connecting it to the electrical machine, has the shape of a hydroconus of Moody", et dont la partie externe a une forme évoluant progressivement de l'amont vers l'aval depuis une forme générale de- volute (17) jusqu'd une forme générale d'aspirateur en S aval (18). Moody ", and the outer part of which has a shape progressively evolving from upstream to downstream from a general shape of volute (17) to a general shape of downstream S-shaped vacuum cleaner (18).
FR8313428A 1983-08-18 1983-08-18 Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit Pending FR2550826A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8313428A FR2550826A1 (en) 1983-08-18 1983-08-18 Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit
ES535269A ES8505452A1 (en) 1983-08-18 1984-08-17 Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8313428A FR2550826A1 (en) 1983-08-18 1983-08-18 Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2550826A1 true FR2550826A1 (en) 1985-02-22

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FR8313428A Pending FR2550826A1 (en) 1983-08-18 1983-08-18 Low-fall axial hydroelectric unit

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ES (1) ES8505452A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2550826A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008045500A1 (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Wobben, Aloys Hydropower plant

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1655833A (en) * 1917-10-22 1928-01-10 Allis-Chalmers Mfg Company Hydraulic turbine
US1695200A (en) * 1922-11-28 1928-12-11 Moody Lewis Ferry Hydraulic draft tube
US1713775A (en) * 1922-11-28 1929-05-21 Moody Lewis Ferry Hydraulic draft tube
US1740066A (en) * 1922-04-08 1929-12-17 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Hydraulic machine
US1897501A (en) * 1922-01-14 1933-02-14 Taylor Harvey Birchard Draft tube structure
US1978810A (en) * 1928-02-28 1934-10-30 Moody Lewis Ferry Hydraulic apparatus
FR1372074A (en) * 1962-10-17 1964-09-11 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Hydraulic installation comprising a turbine and a pump

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1655833A (en) * 1917-10-22 1928-01-10 Allis-Chalmers Mfg Company Hydraulic turbine
US1897501A (en) * 1922-01-14 1933-02-14 Taylor Harvey Birchard Draft tube structure
US1740066A (en) * 1922-04-08 1929-12-17 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Hydraulic machine
US1695200A (en) * 1922-11-28 1928-12-11 Moody Lewis Ferry Hydraulic draft tube
US1713775A (en) * 1922-11-28 1929-05-21 Moody Lewis Ferry Hydraulic draft tube
US1978810A (en) * 1928-02-28 1934-10-30 Moody Lewis Ferry Hydraulic apparatus
FR1372074A (en) * 1962-10-17 1964-09-11 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Hydraulic installation comprising a turbine and a pump

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008045500A1 (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Wobben, Aloys Hydropower plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES535269A0 (en) 1985-05-16
ES8505452A1 (en) 1985-05-16

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