FR2526582A1 - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MICROWAVE - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONSTITUTES A NEW TYPE OF DEVICE CONTROLLED BY A FLOW OF ELECTRONS OR OTHER CHARGED PARTICLES, TO PRODUCE CONSISTENT MICROWAVE BY USING THE INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH A FLOW OF ELECTRONS IN DIODES WHICH DO NOT REQUIRE NO EXTERIOR MAGNETIC FIELD. ANODE AND CATHODE SURFACES 14, 16 ARE ELECTRICALLY CHARGED WITH RESPECT TO THE OTHER BY A FLOW OF ELECTRONS EMITTED, FOR EXAMPLE, BY A VOLTAGE SOURCE AT MARX 30 BANK. THE MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED STIMULATES AN ELECTRON BEAM EMITTED INTO THE SPACE BETWEEN ANODE 12 AND CATHODE 10 AND ACCELERATES IT BY SUBJECTING IT TO INTERACTION WITH GEOMETRICALLY PERMITTED MICROWAVE MODES WHICH RESULTS IN A GROUPING OF ELECTRONS AND A PUMPING OF WATER LESS A DOMINANT MICROWAVE MODE. THE MICROWAVE RADIATION PRODUCED IS EXTRACTED BY AN APPROPRIATE MEANS 32.

Description

| 126582

  The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for producing microwaves, and more particularly relates to a method and a

  apparatus for producing coherent microwaves with -

  a new type of microwave or microwave device, controlled by a flow of electrons or other charged particles, using wave interaction

  electromagnetic with the flow of electrons in dio-

  in the absence of an external magnetic field.

  Microwaves occupy the region of the electromagnetic spectrum limited by radio waves

  on the longer wavelength side and by the on-

  shorter infrared wavelengths

  tes Although there are no sharp boundaries between these regions, microwaves are often considered to have frequencies between 109 Hz and 3 x 10 Hz or, equivalently, to have lengths

  wave in free space between 1 mm and 30 cm in-

  viron Microwaves are used in many applications Some of these applications are: sources of pulsed radiation for radar tracking; carrier waves in relay links for the

  multi-channel transmission of telephone signals

  ques, telegraph and television; microwave spectroscopy to study the structure of a large number of molecules and crystals; their use in atomic clocks using microwave resonance interactions with cesium atoms or

  ammonia molecules; their use in ma-

  serve in the solid state which can in practice be am-

  noise-free plifiers; their use in radio astro-

  appoints; their use in cooking food; and, their use in high linear accelerators

  energy and in similar machines.

  Low-power microwaves at multiple frequencies can be simply generated as thermal radiation from hot bodies, or as inconsistent direct radiation from sparks

  electrics produced across high voltage spark gaps

  However, for current applications, pres-

  -5 all modern microwave generators are electronic devices that produce frequency-tunable CW waves These devices include magnetrons, klystrons, and traveling wave tubes In a magnetron, the electrons , generated by a cathode and moving under the combined force of a radial electric field and an external axial magnetic field, are subjected to a synchronized interaction with the traveling wave components of a sample of standing microwave waves so that the potential energy of the electrons is converted into microwave energy

  smooth and conventional bore magnetrons with electric beam

  relativistic tronic, are described respectively by Orzechowski and Bekefi in the review Phys Fluids 22, 978 (1979), and by Palevsky and Bekefi in the review Phys. Fluids 22, 986 (1979) A cross-field magnetron device & relativistic electron beam is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,200,821 issued April 29

  1980 to Bekefi and Orzechowski A disadvantage of magnesium

  tron, when used to generate high intensity coherent microwaves, is the need for a very large external magnet, which greatly contributes

  to increase its dimensions and its weight.

  In a klystron, a beam of electrons grouped together

  at modulated speed crosses an outlet cavity and transits

  uses its alternating current energy for a coupling

  next in a microwave transmission line.

  An external magnetic field parallel to the axis of the beam

  this electron beam keeps the electrons in the bundle together, avoiding the electrostatic repulsion between the electrons which would otherwise spread the beam quickly A traveling wave tube works like an amplifier in which an electron beam,

  maintained all along the tube by means of focusing-

  tion such as a fixed longitudinal and external magnetic field, is subjected to a continuous interaction and over a considerable distance with microwaves propagating the-

  along a slow wave circuit It is also class-

  to generate microwave energy by means of various active microwave devices in the solid state. In addition, microwaves can be generated using certain less well-known devices such as the femitron described by Charbonnier, et al, in the article "Basic and Applied Studies of Field Emission at Microwave Frequencies", published in the journal Proceedings of the IEEE,

  51, pp 991-1004, in July 1963 The fémitron, which res-

  seems in many ways to a klystron, works

  by exploiting the strong non-linearity of the characteristic

  field emission of a cold cathode placed in

  space of a cavity resonator to accomplish the group

  longitudinal direct beam of the electron beam emitted by the field The femitron uses cathodes with several needles emitting electrons in accordance with the law

  emission by Fowler-Nordheim field The emission of-

  lectrons do not correspond to a limited charge flow

  Child Langmuir space In addition, there are many

  shot of variants of known microwave devices.

  For example, in the U.S. Patent 2,513,933 issued

  vure July 4, 1950, Gurewitsch describes a new structure of cathodes of the cold emission type such that one can use it for various devices for

  microwaves, especially those of the magnetron type.

  Thus, there are currently many different types of electronic device capable of producing microwaves at different power levels and

  yields however, particularly due to the im-

  lift and extreme variety of microwave technology, there remains a need for new innovative and structurally simple types of device for the production of coherent microwaves It would be advantageous if these new types of device could

  be controlled by a flow of electrons or other parties

  loaded cules. An object of the present invention is a new

  type of device that can produce microwave co-

  inherent through the interaction of electromagnetic waves

  with a flow of electrons in diodes.

  Another object of the invention is a new type

  of device, controlled by a flow of electrons or

  very charged particles, to produce coherent microwaves. Another object of the invention is a new type of device which can produce coherent microwaves

  of high power by the interaction of electroma-

  genetics with a flow of electrons in small diodes

  light without the need for an external magnetic field.

  According to the invention, the method and apparatus for producing coherent microwave radiation can

  consist of having an anode having an ano-surface

  of and a separate cathode having a cathode surface, both surfaces having a structure capable of supporting

  a set of microwave modes including in particular

  link a microwave mode to the resonant frequency.

  A direct current electric field is imposed, over a time interval of at least one period of the microwave mode at the resonant frequency, within the space occupied by the microwave modes The electric field stimulates a electron beam to subject it to an accelerated flux from the surface of

  cathode down to the space volume The collective movement

  tif of the accelerated electron beam is interacting with the microwave mode at the resonant frequency

  by fundamentally changing its configuration, by

  combining electromagnetic fields, grouping the electron beam longitudinally and transversely, and pumping the microwave mode at the resonant frequency The radiation from microwaves at the resonant frequency is transmitted to the outside of

  the device In some embodiments of the

  Note, the beam can be constituted by a beam of thermionic electrons or emitted by field, these electrons being stimulated by the electric field of direct current to propagate starting from the surface of cathode And, in certain examples of realization of the invention, the direct current electric field can be established by charging the anode positively with respect to the cathode with a Marx bench voltage source. In addition, in certain embodiments of the invention, it is possible to

  establish the direct current electric field by charging

  managing the anode or the cathode essentially by making a beam of charged particles penetrate into one or

in the other.

  In some embodiments of the process

  and the apparatus for producing micro-

  coherent waves of the invention, it is preferable that the cathode comprises the central conductor of a coaxial line and that the anode comprises the external conductor of the coaxial line, the cathode surface comprising at least part of the external surface of the central conductor and the anode surface comprising at least one

  part of the inner surface of the outer conductor.

  In some embodiments of the process

  and the apparatus for producing micro-

  coherent waves of the invention it is better that

  the cathode and the anode comprise two discs, the surface

  this cathode comprising a part of a planar surface of the first disc, the anode surface comprising a part of a planar surface of the other disc, the two discs being juxtaposed with coincident axes, and the two planar surfaces acting like surfaces of

  cathode and anode facing each other.

  According to another aspect of the present invention,

  in accordance with its objects and purposes, the process and the ap-

  similar to produce coherent microwave radiation

  annuities of the invention may consist in having a bowl or a housing, metallic, hollow, comprising an interior housing chamber, and in placing a disc-shaped plate inside the housing so as to what from each location on the

  plates the smallest distance to the surface

  the bottom of the case is approximately constant The plate and the interior surface of the case have a structure capable of geometrically supporting a set of microwave modes including in particular a microwave mode

  at the resonant frequency We establish a large difference

  potential between the plate and the essen box; -

  tial by making a beam of charged particles penetrate into the plate This voltage imposes an electric field of direct current, over a time interval

  at least one period of microwave mode-at frequency-

  this resonance, inside the spatial volume occupied by microwave modes The electric field stimulates

  an electron beam to subject it to an accelerated flux

  stretched into the spatial volume from what, from the

  plate or case, has been negatively charged

  Collective movement of the accelerated electron beam is subjected to an interaction with the microwave mode at the resonant frequency by fundamentally modifying its configuration, by producing electromagnetic fields,

  by grouping in space longitudinally and transversely

  electron beam, and pumping microwave mode at the resonant frequency The microwave radiation at the resonant frequency is transmitted

outside the shoemaker.

  The benefits and advantages of this invention

  tion, as they are defined and widely described here, consist, among other things, of the fact that there is a new type of device, controlled by a flow of electrons or other charged particles, to produce coherent microwave radiation

  by the interaction of the electron flow with electric waves

  magnetic circuits in small light diodes do not require

  as long as no external magnetic field.

  Other features and advantages of the pre-

  sente invention will be highlighted in the descrip-

  following tion, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

  Figure i is a perspective view, partial-

  schematic and partially in section, of a first

  example of making a diode to produce a ray-

  coherent microwave according to the present invention

tion;

  Figure 2 is a perspective view, partially

  schematic and partially in section, of a second

  example of making a diode to produce a ray-

  coherent microwave according to the invention; and Figure 3 is a perspective view, partially schematic and partially in section, of a third

  example of making a diode to produce a ray-

  coherent microwave according to the invention.

  We will now refer to the embodiment

  preferred tion of the invention, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings The invention is of a new type of device, controlled by a flow of electrons or

  other charged particles, which can produce mid-

  coherent waves by the interaction of electromagnetic waves

  genetics with a flow of electrons in Le diodes

  electron flow can be generated by emission or injection

  electrons No external magnetic field required This new device has been given the name "emitron" The main characteristic elements of the diode are an anode having an anode surface, a cathode having a cathode surface , and a space between

  these It is possible to give to a certain

  tie of the anode and cathode surfaces of the geometries 8-

  open or closed that can support micro modes

  waves and allowing to maintain an electric field of

  direct current By "mode" is meant a form of oscillation-

  natural electromagnetic relationship characterized by a particular field configuration The device is

  controlled, or powered, by a flow of Ons or electr.

  very charged particles: in other words, the anode can be charged with respect to the cathode by a conventional voltage source or by a beam of particles

  It follows from this charge that a beam of

  lectrons is accelerated by a direct current electric field extending from an electrode surface to the

  surface of the other This beam can be made up of-

  thermionic or field-emitted electrons) propagating from the cathode However, in some examples

  embodiment of the invention, the beam can be

  lined with electrons from any other, suitable source.

  Coherent microwaves are produced by the strong interaction of the electron beam with one or more microwave modes enabled by the specific geometry of the particular diode. This complex synergy results in a three-dimensional spatial grouping, both longitudinal and transverse to the direction of flow of the electron beam, of the electron beam, and the pumping of one or more dominant microwave modes This is how, during the interaction, the

  amplitudes of microwave modes are constantly changing

  dependent on position and time In addition,

  at the same time and as a consequence of that, do it

  electron beam undergoes a spatial and tempo-

  What can be called grouping The frequencies of the dominant modes are a function of the distance between the electrodes and of the magnitude of the direct current electric field. If desired, these frequencies can be offset or attenuated by the application of a weak magnetic field perpendicular to the direct current electric field If the invention is thus implemented, it can be applied to circuits involving feedback loops for frequency tuning and / or

  a logic trigger When used, the

  vention greatly simplifies the construction of microwave tubes because the diode does not require the large field

  outside the magnetron tube or the electro-

  additional triode and tetrode tubes.

  The invention results from certain calculation results not

  that have been made using the gold code-

  MASK diner from Lawrence Li- National Laboratory

  vermore The MASK code is a particle-in-code

  cell, electromagnetic and relativistic, 2-1 / 2 dimen-

  sions that has been used to model reliably

  conventional electron and ion beam diodes.

  We will now refer to Figure 1 which

  presents a first exemplary embodiment of an electronic diode for producing microwave radiation

  coherent according to the invention The coaxial diode & al-

  smooth pledge comprises a central conductor 10 which

  titues a cathode, and an external conductor 12 which

  titue anode An cathode surface 14 consists of at least part of the external surface of the central conductor 10, and an anode surface 16 consists of at least

  part of the inner surface of the outer conductor

  It will be noted that the electron emission characteristics of a surface can be modified by surface treatment, such as by striping, to locate the emission of electrons from only part of

  the surface The central conductor 10 and the conductor ex-

  12 form a coaxial line The surface of the

  thode 14 can have a radius of 1.86 cm, and the surface

  anode 16 can have a radius of 2.20 cm A first-

  end plate 18 and a second end plate are fixed to the ends of the outer conductor 12, forming therewith airtight joints The central conductor 10 is fixed inside the outer conductor 12 by means of insulating supports 22 and 24 which are indicated schematically However, it will be noted that the present invention is in no way limited to a

  specific support structure and that the conductor cen-

  tral 10 can be fixed inside the external conductor

  laughing 12 by any other suitable means The assembly is evacuated by means of a vacuum orifice 26

  and a vacuum pump 28 which are shown schematically.

  However, it should be noted that the present invention is not

  not limited to a specific vacuum system

  that and that the whole can be evacuated by any

  other suitable means To obtain optimal conditions

  males of operation, it is desirable first of all to minimize the losses of microwave radiation from the appliance. This can be achieved by means of the end plates 18 and 20, which prevent radiation leakage, and by providing the axial length of

  the space between anode and cathode greater than the circumference-

  rence of the central conductor 10 The space between the anode

  and the cathode can support a set of modes at mid

  microwave, in particular including at least one mid-mode

  at the resonant frequency A source of high

  te tension 30, which is shown schematically, per-

  puts to maintain a direct current electric field between the central conductor 10 and the external conductor 12 over a time interval of at least one period of a microwave mode at the resonant frequency The source may be a source of 350 k V having a rise time of 0.5 ns Preferably, the high voltage source 30 can be a Marx bench voltage source The source

  high voltage 30 can also charge the a-

  node positively compared to the essential cathode-

  by making a beam of charged particles penetrate

  in the cathode or in the anode The direct current electric field creates an electronic current subjected to an accelerated flow across the space between the anode and the cathode in a radial direction The current can

  be made up of thermionic or field-emitted electrons.

* the

  The electronic current is first distributed uniformly-

  in the azimuthal direction in accordance with the Child-Langmuir law in V 3/2 relating to a limited flow

  of space charges in a cylindrical geometry.

  The value of the voltage applied by the high-voltage source 30 must be such that it causes the electrons to pass through the space between the anode and the cathode in about a period, or an integer multiple of this period, of mode at, microwave at frequency of

  resonance supported inside the space between the ano-

  of and the cathode Next, the flow of space charges excites strong microwave oscillations and the flux

  of space charges becomes grouped in the space longitu-

  linearly and transversely to the direction of the electron flow The microwave field energy

  increases and oscillates in a coherent way Thus, the mo-

  collective movement of accelerated electrons is subject to a

  interaction with microwave modes allowed in modi-

  fundamentally trusting their configuration, by producing electromagnetic fields, by grouping electrons in space longitudinally and transversely, and by pumping at least one dominant microwave mode The microwave radiation of dominant microwave mode, which may have a value of 35 G Hz in this exemplary embodiment, is transmitted to the outside of the diode by a horn and microwave opening means 32 which is indicated diagrammatically However, it will be noted that the present invention is not limited to any system

  coupling of specific radiation and that the ray-

  microwave can be transmitted outside of

the diode by any appropriate means.

  We will now refer to Figure 2 which

  presents a second embodiment of an electronic diode for producing microwave radiation

  consistent with the present invention A first dis-

  that 40 forms a cathode and a second disc 42 forms a

  anode By disc is meant a thin circular element.

  A cathode surface 44 consists of at least a portion of a planar surface of the disc 40 and an anode surface 46 consists of at least a portion of a planar surface of the disc 42 Note that the emission characteristics of electrons on a surface can be modified by surface treatment, such as scratching, to locate the emission of electrons from only a part

  of the surface The disks 40 and 42 are arranged internally

  inside of a housing or housing 48 The disc 40 is fixed inside the housing 48 by means of a first support

  insulator 50, and the disc 42 is fixed inside the bot-

  tier 48 by means of a second insulating support 52 The box

  tier 48 and supports 50 and 52 are all indicated sche-

  matically It will be noted that the present invention is not

  in no way limited to housing and a support structure

  specific ports and that disks 40 and 42 can be

  arranged and fixed by any other appropriate means.

  ble is evacuated by means of a vacuum port 54 and

  of a vacuum pump 56 which are shown diagrammatically.

  However, it should be noted that the present invention is not

  in no way limited to a specific vacuum system

  that and that the whole can be evacuated by any

  other suitable means The discs 40 and 42 are juxtapo-

  with coincident axes, and the cathode surface 44

  and the anode surface 46 are opposite one another.

  A set of microwave modes, including in particular

  link at least one microwave mode to the frequency of

  sonance, can be supported inside the space between the anode and the cathode To minimize the losses of microwave radiation from the diode first, the radius of each of the discs 40 and 42

  must be greater than the extent of the space between the dis-

  ques A high voltage source 58, which is shown diagrammatically, makes it possible to maintain an electric field

  direct current between the first disc 40 and the se-

  cond disc 42 over a time interval of at least one

  microwave mode period at the resonant frequency.

* Preferably, the high voltage source 58 can be a Marx bench voltage source. The high source

  voltage 58 can also charge the anode posi-

  tively compared to the essentially weak cathode

  being able to penetrate a beam of charged particles in the cathode or in the anode The direct current electric field creates an electronic current to subject it to an accelerated flux across the space between the anode and the cathode by causing the electron extraction from

  cathode surface 44 Although this was not born

  You can use a small magnetic guide field to prevent the current from spreading. The current can be formed by thermionic electrons or

  emitted by field Electronic current is first of all

  formally distributed and consistent with classical theory.

  The value of the voltage applied by the high voltage source 58 must be such that it ensures that

  the electrons pass through the space between the anode and the case

  thode in about a period, or an integer multiple of that period, of the microwave mode at the frequency d B

  resonance supported inside the space between the ano-

  of and the cathode Next, the flow of space charges excites strong microwave oscillations and the flux

  of space charges becomes grouped in the space longitu-

  linearly and transversely with respect to the direction of the electron flow The microwave field energy increases and oscillates in a coherent way Thus, the collective movement of accelerated electrons is subjected to an interaction with the microwave modes allowed in

  fundamentally changing their configuration, producing

  electromagnetic fields, by grouping the electro

  sections in space longitudinally and transversely,

  and pumping at least one dominant microwave mode.

  The microwave mode microwave radiation domi-

  nant is transmitted to the outside of the diode by a horn and microwave opening means 60 which is indicated schematically However, it will be noted that the present

  invention is in no way limited to a coupling system

  specific radiation and that the radiation can be transmitted outside the diode by any suitable means. We will now refer to Figure 3 which shows a third embodiment of a diode for producing coherent microwave radiation according to the present invention The diode comprises a hollow case 70 and a disc-shaped plate 72 By disc is meant a thin circular element. The boltier 70 is, quite simply, a housing comprising a chamber.

  interior housing Plate 72 is fixed to the interior

  laughter of the bootmaker 70 by means of an insulating support 74 which is indicated schematically However, it will be noted that

  the present invention is in no way limited to a structure

  specific support structure and that plate 72 can be

  fixed inside the housing 70 by any other suitable means

  proprié The whole is evacuated by means of an orifice.

  this vacuum 76 and a vacuum pump 78 which are indicated schematically However, it will be noted that the present invention is in no way limited to a specific vacuum setting system Q Q Us and that the assembly can be put under

  empty by any other appropriate means Plate 72 is placed

  created in such a way that there is a space between the plate 72 and the shoemaker 70 and that the smallest distance of

  each location on the plate 72 up to the surface

  the interior of the hollow housing 70 is approximately constant.

  The plate 72 and the housing 70 can support a set of

  ble of microwave modes, in particular including at least one microwave mode at the resonance frequency,

  inside the space separating the plate 72 and the bo S-

  tier 70 To minimize loss of microwave radiation from the diode first, the

  radius of plate 72 is greater than the distance in transit

  towards space separating the box 70 from the plate 72.

  A beam of charged high energy particles 80, which is represented diagrammatically, makes it possible to impose a

  direct current electric field inside the es

  pace separating the plate 72 from the shoemaker 70 over an interval

  the time of at least one period of the microwave mode at the resonant frequency The beam 80 is injected through a surface of the case 70 and it is essentially introduced into the plate 72, which makes it possible to establish a high potential difference between the plate 72 and the case 70 Some examples of charged particles

  of which the beam 80 can be formed are the elec-

  trons, positrons, protons, antiprotons,

  alpha particles, all ions, quarks and differ-

  short-lived particle annuities such as

  mesons i T and mu mesons The portion of the bot wall-

  tier 70 through which the beam 80 is injected must be thin enough to allow the most

  much of the beam 80 passes through it without being buried there.

  The polarity of the potential difference, and the sense of

  resulting direct current electric field, is functional

  tion of the sign, positive or negative, of the particles constituting

  killing the beam 80 A current of thermionic or field electrons * is emitted from the housing 70 or from the plate 72, depending on the direction of the direct current electric field,

  and it is stimulated to be subjected to an accelerated flow up to

  than in the space separating the plate 72 and the shoemaker 70.

  Note that the electron emission characteristics of a surface can be modified by surface treatment, such as by striping, to locate the emission.

  electrons from only part of the sur-

  face The value of the voltage established across the es

  space separating the plate 72 and the boot 70 must be such

  that it causes electrons to pass through this space in about a period, or an integer multiple of that period, of the microwave mode at the resonant frequency supported in this space. Although this is not necessary, you can use a small magnetic guide field to prevent the current from spreading Electronic current, most of which occurs in

  the space separating the plate 72 and the housing 70 is a-

  edge uniformly distributed and conforms to classical theory Then the flow of space charges excites

  strong microwave oscillations and the flux of char-

  ages of space becomes grouped in space longitudinally and transversely to the direction of

  electron flow The energy of the microwave field increases

  lies and oscillates in a coherent way Thus, the mo-

  collective movement of accelerated electrons is subject to a

  interaction with microwave modes allowed in modi-

  fundamentally trusting their configuration, producing electromagnetic fields, grouping electrons in space longitudinally and transversely, and pumping at least one dominant microwave mode The microwave radiation of dominant microwave mode is transmitted to the outside of the diode by means of horn and microwave opening 82 which is indicated

  schematically However, it will be noted that the present -

  invention is in no way limited to a coupling system

  age of specific radiation and that the radiation is t

  microwave can be transmitted outside the diode

by any appropriate means.

  The three exemplary embodiments of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 3 are each part of a

  new type of device, controlled by an electric flow

  trons or other charged particles, which can produce

  coherent microwaves by the interaction of electric waves

  tromagnetic with the flow of electrons in small

  light diodes not requiring a magnetic field ex-

térieur.

  The foregoing description of an embodiment

  preferred tion of the invention was made for the purpose of it-

  Explanatory lustration It is obvious that this descrip-

  tion relates to non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the present invention which includes all variants and modifications without departing from the scope of the 2 invention as defined in

the appended claims.

Claims (7)

  1 Process for producing micro-radiation   coherent resonant frequency waves, characteristic   se in that it consists in: imposing a direct current electric field inside a spatial volume defined by an anode (12, 42) having an anode surface (16, 46) and a cathode (10 , 40) having a cathode surface (14, 44) spaced apart from each other,   said cathode surface and said anode surface constitute   constituting a structure capable of supporting a micro mode   waves at the resonant frequency inside the volu-   me spatial, over a time interval of at least one   period of said microwave mode at the resonance frequency   nance, said electric field acting to stimulate an electron beam so that it undergoes an accelerated flux from the cathode surface into the spatial volume, the collective movement of the accelerated electron beam serving for an interaction with the mode at the resonant frequency by fundamentally changing   its configuration, producing electromagnetic fields   ticks, grouping the electron beam longitudinally and transversely, and pumping said microwave mode at the resonant frequency; and   transmit the said mid-radiation to the outside   waves at the resonant frequency from the volume spatial.   2 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the imposition operation consists in charging the anode positively with respect to the cathode with a Marx bench voltage source.   3 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the imposition operation consists of charging   the anode positively compared to the essential cathode-   by making a beam of charged particles penetrate   in the cathode or in the anode.   4 Process for producing micro-radiation   coherent resonant frequency waves, characteristic se in that it consists of:   - place a disc-shaped plate (72) inside   of a housing (70) having an interior housing chamber   re, the smallest distance from each location on the plate to the surface of the interior boot chamber   being approximately constant, the plate and the bowl   tier constituting a structure capable of supporting a microwave mode at the resonant frequency inside a spatial volume arranged inside the boot chamber, in the space separating the boot plate, and the radius of the plate being greater than the distance across the space separating the plate from the shoemaker;   essentially penetrate a beam (80) of par-   ticles loaded in the plate, the introduced beam acts   health to establish a big difference in potential   be the plate and the shoemaker and thus imposing a field   electric direct current inside the space   tial over a time interval of at least one period of said microwave mode at the resonant frequency, the   electric field acting to stimulate a beam of   let us read by subjecting it to an accelerated flow in the vo-   lume spatial, the collective movement of the electric beam   accelerated trons used for interaction with the microwave mode at the resonant frequency by fundamentally modifying its configuration, producing   electromagnetic fields, grouping in space lon-   gitudinally and transversely the electron beam,   and pumping the microwave mode at the frequency of sonance; and   transmit micro radiation to the outside   waves at the resonant frequency from the case.   Electronic diode for producing microwave radiation at the coherent resonant frequency, characterized in that it comprises: an anode (12 or 42) having an anode surface (16 or 46);   a cathode (10 or 40) having a cam surface   thode (14 or 44), said cathode being spaced from the anode, the cathode surface and the anode surface constituting a structure capable of supporting a microwave mode at   the resonant frequency inside a spa- volume tial;   a means (30 or 58), electrically connected to the   thode and at the anode, for imposing a direct current electric field inside the space volume over a time interval of at least one period of said mode at   microwave at the resonant frequency, said electric field   stick acting to stimulate an electron beam by subjecting it to an accelerated flux from the cathode surface into the spatial volume, the collective movement of the accelerated electron beam serving for an interaction with said microwave mode frequency   resonance by fundamentally changing its configuration   tion, producing electromagnetic fields,   grouping in space longitudinally and transversely-   ment the electron beam, and pumping the microwave mode at the resonant frequency; and means (32 or 60) for transmitting microwave radiation outside at the resonant frequency from the spatial volume.   6 Electronic diode to produce radiation   of microwaves at coherent resonant frequency se-   lon claim 5, characterized in that said means for imposing an electric field of direct current   includes a Marx bench voltage source used   to charge the anode positively with respect to the cathode.   7 Electronic diode to produce radiation   of microwaves at coherent resonant frequency se-   lon claim 5, characterized in that said means for imposing a DC electric field is provided to charge the anode positively with respect to the cathode essentially by penetrating a beam of charged particles into the cathode or in the anode.   8 Electronic diode to produce radiation   of microwaves at coherent resonant frequency se-   lon any of claims 5 to 7, character-   in that the cathode comprises the central conductor (10) of a coaxial line, the cathode surface   (14) comprising at least part of the external surface   of this conductor, and in that the anode comprises the external conductor (12) of the coaxial line, the anode surface (16) comprising at least part of the internal surface of this conductor, and the length   axial space between the anode and the cathode being much   stroke larger than the circumference of the center conductor   tral. 9 Electronic diode to produce microwave radiation at coherent resonant frequency   according to any one of claims 5 to 7, character-   in that the cathode comprises a first disc (40), the cathode surface (44) comprising at least   minus part of a first plane surface of this dis-   that in that the anode includes a second device   that (42), the anode surface (46) comprising at least part of a second planar surface of this disc, in that the two discs are juxtaposed with coincident axes, the first planar surface being opposite   the second plane surface, and in that the radius of the first   first disc and the radius of the second disc are each greater than   laughs at the extent of the space between the first disc and the second disc.   Electronic diode to produce radiation   coherent resonance frequency microwaves, ca   characterized in that it comprises: a case (70) comprising an interior casing chamber;   a disc-shaped plate (72) placed inside   of the boot room, the smallest distance from each location on the plate to the surface of   the inner housing chamber being roughly   aunt, the plate and the housing constituting a structure capable of supporting a microwave mode at the resonant frequency within a spatial volume arranged at   inside the boot room, in the separate space   rant the plate of the shoemaker, and the radius of the plate being greater than the distance across the space separating the plate from the housing; means for essentially penetrating a beam (80) of charged particles into the plate, the   introduced beam acting to establish a large difference   this potential between the plate and the housing and thus imposing an electric field of direct current inside the space volume over a time interval of at least   a microwave mode period at the resonant frequency   nance, the electric field acting to stimulate a   electron beam by subjecting it to an accelerated flow in   the spatial volume, the collective movement of the beam of   accelerated electrons used for interaction with the microwave mode at the resonant frequency by fundamentally modifying its configuration, producing fields   electromagnetic, grouping in longitudinal space   slowly and transversely the electron beam, and pumping the microwave mode at the resonant frequency; and means (82) for transmitting microwave radiation outside at the resonant frequency at from the bootmaker.