FR2518612A1 - PROCESS FOR TRANSFORMING A FRAME AND FRAME FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Process for altering a roof truss, the said truss (1) being situated between two gable walls (20, 21) - possibly pointed - and comprising a series of gable trusses (2) extending from one front wall (3) to another (4), being disposed at a short distance ("D") from each other between the said front walls so as to form the necessary supports for the roof, and consisting principally of a horizontal beam (5) called a "tie-beam" and two inclined wooden members (6, 7) called "principal rafters", which, in non-convertable rooves, are connected to each other by means of triangular elements such as braces (8, 9, 10, 11) supporting the principal rafters so that the latter can resist the bending stress to which they are subject on account of the weight of the roof, this alteration process being characterised in that, before the triangular elements of each principal rafter are removed, - a vertical slide (12) is firstly secured between the principal rafter (6, 7) and the tie-beam (5) of at least a plurality of gable trusses (2), - beams (15) are simultaneously introduced into the roof and engaged in the slides (12), the said beams having first been divided into a plurality of sections (16, 17, 18 and 19) and the ends of the beam (15) are secured in the gable walls (20, 21) respectively, the sections (16, 17, 18, 19) of the beam being joined by joining means (22, 23 and 24), under each of which is secured a strut (25, 26 or 27), - the base of each of the struts (25, 26 or 27) is then secured by one of the ends of two beam ties (31 and 32) the other ends of which are connected, at least indirectly, to those of the beam sections situated on both sides of the strut in question, - finally, the beam ties are brought into action and, by acting on the strut with which they form a triangle, support the beam, which in turn at least indirectly supports the principal rafters and the roof, which thus allows for the removal of the original triangle of the gable trusses (2) and then for the lining of the roof.

Description

The invention relates to a method of transforming a framework and

  to structural elements for the purpose of

of this process.

  It applies to the transformation of the frameworks of

  attic undevelopable to develop these attics.

  We know that these frames consist of a series of farmhouses extending from one facade wall to another, between

  which facades, these farmhouses are placed at low dis-

  of each other and are held together by spacers and braces from one gable wall to another

  and on which farmhouses, the roof is supported.

  Farmhouses mainly include a horizontal beam called "entered" thus connecting the walls of the front and rear facades and two pieces of inclined wood said

  "crossbowmen", rising up to the fact of the roof.

  These farmhouses are however light and must therefore

to be strengthened.

  Their reinforcements consist of a triangulation formed of elements some of which, working in traction from the top of the farmhouse, support the entry while the others, working in compression by taking support with the foot of precedents, support, generally in their middle, crossbowmen who would otherwise be too-flexible for

support the roof.

  This triangulation, which is repeated at each farmhouse and which constitutes an obstacle to the development of the attic, can obviously be removed, without any other precautions, without

  danger the crossbowmen, the cover and the ceiling.

  In new works (French patent A-2411283), before covering, it is of course known and easy to provide

  beams extending from one gable wall to another and upon which

  they will be supported by the rafters of the farmhouses, which, at least in the zone suitable for constituting the habitable part of the roof, may then be devoid of support triangulation. During the transformation of existing buildings, it is obviously possible to discover the framework to allow the passage and the installation of the beams as well as the rectification of the farmhouses but it constitutes an extremely important and expensive work which, moreover, during a some time, exposes the rest of the building to bad weather. In order to allow the removal of the triangulation without depositing the roof, it is known to place, at

  preliminary, under the rafters, support pillars.

  Unfortunately, these pillars can not, for their part, rely on the input that was not planned for

  4 such a charge but must go down to the first

  The first concrete slab that it meets in the construction and which generally constitutes the floor of the last floor of the building in the rooms of which floor, these pillars can not always be easily masked by cupboards

or partitions.

  One result that the invention seeks to obtain is a

  assigned structure transformation that does not jeopardize the rafters and the cover, does not require to deposit this cover, or to provide under the rafters of the 29 pillars which, for their support, must go down to a concrete slab which, Moreover, she too was not

provided for such a charge.

  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a process of the aforementioned type, in particular characterized in that before removal of the -, triangulation elements of each crossbowman

  first of all, we fix between the crossbowman and the

  line, at least several farms, a vertical slide, composed of pieces of wood, called "1 bracons", solidarisant the crossbowman and entered, Yn at the same time, we bring in the roof and engage in the slides of the beams which have been previously divided into several sections and is sealed in each of the gable walls one of the ends of the beam which is connected to the sections by connecting means under each of which we (b) fixed a punch, then, the base of each of the punches is grasped by one of the ends of two tie rods of which, at least indirectly, the other ends are connected to those of the beam sections situated on either side of the punch considered; by means of appropriate tensioners, the tie rods are actuated, which, by reaction on their punch with which they form a triangulation, will support the beam which itself then, at least indirectly, will support the rafters, the roof and the After checking the lifting of the roof, the initial triangulation of the farmhouses is then laid down and then dressed

the height.

  It also relates to structural elements in

  -view of the implementation of this method.

  The invention will be well understood by means of the description

  Hereinafter made, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawing, which shows schematically

  Figure 1: a roof that can not be converted before

  formation 2 according to the process of the invention, FIG. 3: a cross-section after its transformation according to the process of the invention, FIG. 3: a section along III-III of FIG. 2, FIG. 4: on a larger scale, a detail of FIG. 'a

farmhouse transformed.

  Referring to the drawing, we see that the frame 1, comprises a series of fermettes 2 extending from one facade wall 3 to another 4 between which facades 3, 4, these

  Farmhouses are placed at a short distance "D", some of them

  very, and on which the roof (not shown) is supported. The trusses 2 mainly comprise a horizontal beam 5 called "entered" connecting the walls of the facades 3, 4 and two inclined wooden pieces called "rafters" 6, 7

climbing up to the fact of the roof.

  The "P" load of the roof bends these arches

  triers 6, 7 which, like the links, must therefore be supported.

  For this purpose, before transformation, the rafters 6, 7 and the entry 5 are interconnected by elements 8, 9,

, 11 forming a triangulation.

  According to an essential characteristic of the process according to

2511-5112

  The invention, before removal of the triangulation,

  first, we fix, between the crossbowman, 6 and / or 7

  and entered 5 at least several farms 2 and preferably

  In this case, all the trusses 2, a vertical slide 12 formed by the gap between two pieces of bolts 13, 14 called "bracons", each fixed by their ends 1 "-entered and the corresponding crossbow, by any means o Such as, n, nailing, screwing, stapling, riveting, bolting-welding in the case of metal trusses, S at the same time, is brought into the chamber and cm engaged, behind the slides 12, beams 15 agqe l "mn has previously split into several sections 1, 1,7, 1 ,, 19 each of reduced dimensions depending on the possi ibis access and seals in each of the walls pigs 2 e, 21, D One of the ends of the beam 15 whose sections 16, 17, 18, 19 are made by connecting means 22, 2 B ,, 2-4, in each of which a punch 25, 26 is fixed. or 27, then, the base of each of the fists is grasped by one of the ends of two tie rods 31, 32 of which, directly

  or indirectly, we connect the other ends to zx 'and

  parts of the beam sections on each side of the po-

  Lastly, a check line is placed between the following: dn 1 S set markers on each farmhouse, and then on tie rods - which, by reaction on their punch with the equel they form a triangulation, will support the pm-other which, itself, can then directly or indirectly su-atanir the crossbowmen and both the roof and the future: floor As soon as the roof has risen from the mds a few millimeters, after a possible reinforcement at the p / anchor, then allow the removal of elements 8, 9, 1 D, 11 f, tde the

  initial triangulation that has become useless.

  The vertical slides 12 will be used to prevent any lateral displacement of the beam and its system.

power on -

  These slides and / or the beams 15 may serve as support for the dressing 37, the green pillars

  of the room to be converted, such as plasterboard,

  qué, agglomerated, etc. and to support-, if necessary, a cross 38 that will receive reinforcements 39 floor 40 This reinforcement can be built in the same way as the poûttre 15. The dressing will then mask all this frame.

  The floor reinforcements can be designed in

  connected and subtracted sections in a manner similar to the

beam 15.

  In addition to the transformation method, the invention also relates to the slides 12 and the beams 15 and the elements that compose them and which therefore ensure the implementation

process.

  In this regard, the connecting means 22, 23, 24 of the sections

  Beams 16, 17, 18, 19 may consist of axes.

  hinge but, preferably, they consist of simple forks carried at the head punches 25, 26, 27 in which the ends of said sections will simply

  deposited and placed in support of each other.

  As for the tensioners 41 of the tie rods whose sections may be circular or prismatic, they may advantageously be constituted by a piece provided with

tapping with opposite pitch.

  For their assembly to the return points, the ends of the tie rods will preferably be provided with a removable means such as a bolt or a hook engaging in

a carnation of a paw.

  Although the invention has been described from a roof with two slopes, it can obviously, even if the habitable space recovered is lower, apply Y Y 5 roofs with more than two slopes, at least some of the sections of beam then being inclined to carry on the

  above the gables, the load of the farmhouses.

Claims (4)

  1 Process of transformation of the roof structure,   laqueile framing (1), located between two gable walls possibly   in a point (20, 21) comprises, extending from one facade wall (3) to another (4), between which facades (3, 4) they are placed at a short distance ("D" ') from each other to form the necessary supports for the roof, a series of fermettes (2) mainly comprising a horizontal beam (5) said "entered" and two inclined pieces of wood (6, 7) called "crossbowmen" which, in non-convertible attics, are interconnected by triangulation elements such as struts (8, 9, 10, 11) supporting the rafters to enable them to withstand the bending stress they receive due to the load of the roof, this method of transformation being CHARACTERIZED in that before removal of the triangulation elements of each rafter: first, is fixed between the rafters (6, 7) and the entry (5) of at least a plurality of trusses (2), a vertical slide (12), at the same time; the beams (15), which have been previously split into several sections (16, 17, 18 and 19), are brought into the roof and are engaged in the channels (12) and are sealed in each of the gable walls (20, 21). ) one of the ends of the beam (15) whose sections (16, 17, 18, 19) are connected by connecting means (22, 23 and 24) under each of which a punch has been fixed (25, 26 or 27), then the base of each of the punches (25, 26 or 27) is grasped by one of the ends of two tie-rods (31 and 32), of which, at least indirectly, the other ends are connected to each other. sections of beam located on either side of the punch considered, finally; the tie rods are made to act, by reaction on their punch with which they form a triangulation,   will support the beam, which itself then, at least   will support the rafters and the roof, which will then allow the removal of the initial triangulation of   farmhouses (2) then the cladding of the attic.   2 Structural elements for the implementation of the   process according to claim 1,   characterized in that they mainly comprise at least one beam (15) formed of several sections (16, 17, 18, 19) interconnected by connecting means (22, 23, 24) each fixed at the head of a punch (25, 26 or 27) at the base of which are fixed by one of their ends two tie rods (31 and 32) of which, at least indirectly, their other ends are fixed to those of the sections located on either side of punch considered.   3 elements according to claim 2 characterized in that the connecting means (22, 23, 24) fixed at the head of the   punches (25, 26, 27) will each consist of a simple furnace   in which the ends of the beam sections cor-   respondent are lodged and placed in support of one another   be. Structural members for carrying out the process according to claim 1, characterized in that   comprise slides (12) which are; formed by the inter-   left between two vertical uprights fixed by their   ends between their crossbowmen and entered.   Elements according to claim 2 or 4, characterized   in that they carry sleepers (38) which, through   diaire reinforcements (39), support the floor (40).   6 elements according to claim 5 characterized in that the reinforcements (39) for supporting the floor (40) are constructed in the same way that the beam (15) support the rafters.