FR2512055A1 - HYDRAULIC FLUID, ESPECIALLY FOR HYDRAULIC BRAKE - Google Patents

HYDRAULIC FLUID, ESPECIALLY FOR HYDRAULIC BRAKE Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2512055A1
FR2512055A1 FR8214927A FR8214927A FR2512055A1 FR 2512055 A1 FR2512055 A1 FR 2512055A1 FR 8214927 A FR8214927 A FR 8214927A FR 8214927 A FR8214927 A FR 8214927A FR 2512055 A1 FR2512055 A1 FR 2512055A1
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Prior art keywords
hydraulic
hydraulic fluid
water content
water
conductivity
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FR8214927A
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French (fr)
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FR2512055B1 (en
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Joachim Forster
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ZF International UK Ltd
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Lucas Industries Ltd
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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Abstract

INVENTION CONCERNANT LE FREINAGE. LA CONDUCTIBILITE D'UN FLUIDE HYDRAULIQUE, EN PARTICULIER D'UN LIQUIDE POUR FREINS, DONT LA TENEUR EN EAU DOIT ETRE CONTROLEE JUSQU'A UNE VALEUR LIMITE SUPERIEURE PAR DES MESURES DE CONDUCTIBILITE ELECTRIQUE, EST AUGMENTEE PAR ADDITION D'ACIDES ORGANIQUES OU DE SELS DE CEUX-CI OU D'ETHANOLAMINES, CE QUI AMELIORE L'EXACTITUDE DE LA MESURE. APPLICATION AU MAINTIEN DU BON ETAT DU LIQUIDE POUR FREINS HYDRAULIQUES DANS LES VEHICULES A MOTEUR.INVENTION RELATING TO BRAKING. THE CONDUCTIBILITY OF A HYDRAULIC FLUID, IN PARTICULAR OF A BRAKE FLUID, THE WATER CONTENT OF WHICH MUST BE CONTROLLED UP TO A HIGHER LIMIT VALUE BY ELECTRIC CONDUCTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS, IS INCREASED BY ADDITION OF ORGANIC ACIDS OR ORGANIC ACIDS OF THESE OR ETHANOLAMINES, WHICH IMPROVES THE ACCURACY OF THE MEASUREMENT. APPLICATION TO MAINTAINING GOOD CONDITION OF HYDRAULIC BRAKE FLUID IN MOTOR VEHICLES.

Description

La présente invention, concernant le freinage,The present invention, concerning braking,

est plus spécifiquement relative à des fluides dits hydrau-  more specifically relates to so-called hydraulic fluids.

liques, en particulier pour freins hydrauliques, dont la  particularly for hydraulic brakes, whose

teneur en eau est déterminée à l'aide de mesures de conduc-  water content is determined by means of measurements of

tibilité. En général les fluides (ou liquides) hydrauliques sont constitués par des huiles minérales, des silicones ou des produits synthétiques à base de polyglycols et/ou d'éthers de polyglycols de formule générale  ibility. In general, hydraulic fluids (or liquids) consist of mineral oils, silicones or synthetic products based on polyglycols and / or polyglycol ethers of general formula

Rx (O O C 2 H 4)nOC (CH 3)3.Rx (OCO 2 H 4) nOC (CH 3) 3.

c'est-à-dire des éthers tert-butyliques d'alkyl-polyéthylène glycols, dans lesquels le groupe alkyle peut être à chaine droite ou ramifiée et contient 1 à 4 atomes de C Le nombre n d'unités éthylène glycol est généralement compris entre  that is to say tert-butyl ethers of alkylpolyethylene glycols, in which the alkyl group may be straight chain or branched and contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The number n of ethylene glycol units is generally understood. enter

2 et 10.2 and 10.

On sait que ces produits ont tendance à absorber de l'eau, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont hygroscopiques Le point d'ébullition des produits anhydres est voisin de 280 C. A cause de la capacité hygroscopique des substances de base des fluides hydrauliques, leur teneur en eau augmente de manière constante pendant la durée d'usage Mais au fur  It is known that these products tend to absorb water, that is to say that they are hygroscopic The boiling point of the anhydrous products is close to 280 C. Due to the hygroscopic capacity of the basic substances hydraulic fluids, their water content increases steadily during the period of use.

et à mesure que croît la teneur en eau, le point d'ébul-  and as the moisture content increases, the boiling point

lition des liquides hydrauliques chute considérablement avec une teneur en eau correspondante il peut tre seulement de 150 00 environ et même encore moins (voir la figure 1 qui donne, en ordonnées, la-variation de la température  The hydraulic fluid's drop drops considerably with a corresponding water content, it can be only about 150 ° C. and even less (see FIG. 1 which gives, on the ordinate, the variation of the temperature.

d'ébullition, en fonction de la teneur en eau, en abscisses).  boiling, as a function of the water content, on the abscissa).

Il est connu qu'à cause de cette tendance des fluides hydrauliques due à la teneur en eau la capacité de fonctionnement des machines et groupes ainsi équipés, et en particulier la fiabilité des freins de véhicules à moteur, est très limitée Il est également connu que les groupes hydrauliques et surtout les freins de véhicules à moteur peuvent atteindre très rapidement des températures v 5 très élevées Dans ce cas il s'ensuit une vaporisation de l'eau du fluide hydraulique et la formation de bulles qui  It is known that because of this tendency of the hydraulic fluids due to the water content the operating capacity of the machines and groups thus equipped, and in particular the reliability of the brakes of motor vehicles, is very limited. It is also known that the hydraulic units and especially the brakes of motor vehicles can very quickly reach very high temperatures. In this case it follows a vaporization of the water of the hydraulic fluid and the formation of bubbles which

en résulte peut amener l'incapacité complète du fonction-  resulting can lead to the complete incapacity of the

2 25120552 2512055

nement d'un frein.brake.

Il est connu de mesurer la teneur en eau des liquides en déterminant la conductibilité électrique ou son inverse,  It is known to measure the water content of liquids by determining the electrical conductivity or its inverse,

à savoir la résistance spécifique On connaît, par la pu-  specific resistance is known, by the pu-

blication du brevet allemand NO 29 29 784, un appareil de  German Patent Application No. 29 29 784, an apparatus for

mesure spécifiquement prévu à cet effet.  measure specifically provided for this purpose.

La conductibilité électrique des liquides hy-  The electrical conductibility of the hy-

drauliques habituels du commerce, pour un état pratiquement exempt d'eau ( 0 % d'eau) se monte à environ 0,5 IUS et s'il lu y a seulement 2 % d'eau, elle arrive à environ 8/u S Avec une teneur en eau encore plus grande la conductibilité  The usual commercial hydraulics, for a condition virtually free of water (0% water), amounts to about 0.5 IUS and if there is only 2% of water, it reaches about 8 / u S With an even higher water content conductivity

s'accroit davantage.increases further.

Une teneur en eau de 2 % environ seulement dans un liquide hydraulique amène déjà un abaissement du point d'ébullition de, par exemple, 28000 à environ 2000 C. Ainsi qu'il a été indiqué plus haut, les valeurs de conductibilité d'un fluide hydraulique ayant O à 2 % environ d'eau sont très faibles, de sorte que des conditions très sévères doivent Etre imposées quant à l'exactitude  A water content of only about 2% in a hydraulic liquid already brings about a lowering of the boiling point of, for example, 28,000 to about 2,000 C. As indicated above, the conductivity values of a hydraulic fluid having from 0 to about 2% water are very low, so that very strict conditions must be imposed on the accuracy

2 u des appareils de mesure de conductibilité servant à déter-  2 u Conductivity meters for deter-

miner la teneur en eau; ces conditions sont difficiles à satisfaire dans les appareils utilisés dans les stations  undermine the water content; these conditions are difficult to satisfy in the apparatus used in the stations

service d'essence et dans les ateliers de réparations.  gas service and in repair shops.

Jusqu'ici le propriétaire du véhicule était obligé de re-  Until now the owner of the vehicle was obliged to

nouveler complètement et périodiquement le liquide de frein,  completely and periodically renew the brake fluid,

de manière à supprimer le risque que court la sécurité.  so as to eliminate the risk of security.

On a également essayé de prélever un échantillon du liquide  We also tried to take a sample of the liquid

de frein de temps à autre et de déterminer son point d'é-  from time to time and to determine its point of

bullition Sans compter que ceci constitue une méthode très U incommode, on court le risque que de la crasse ne-soit introduite dans le liquide de frein par suite d'une telle manipulation Comme des vérifications compliquées de ce genre ne peuvent être effectuées, pour des raisons de cotlt, qu'à des intervalles de temps relativement grands, elles ne peuvent constituer une solution pour le problème ici considéré. Aussi existe-t-il un besoin présent de trouver un  In addition to being a very inconvenient method, there is the risk that dirt may be introduced into the brake fluid as a result of such handling. Such complicated verifications can not be carried out for The reasons for this are that, at relatively long time intervals, they can not constitute a solution for the problem considered here. So is there a present need to find a

moyen pour indiquer au responsable de l'installation hy-  means to indicate to the person responsible for the hy-

draulique, soit en particulier au conducteur au vehicule, si la teneur en eau du liquide hydraulique, en particulier du liquide de frein, a tellement monté et que de ce fait il s'est produit un tel abaissement du point d'ébullition que la sécurité de fonctionnement de l'installation, soit en particulier du système de freinage du véhicule, n'est  particularly to the driver in the vehicle, if the moisture content of the hydraulic fluid, in particular the brake fluid, has risen so much that there has been such a lowering of the boiling point as the safety the operation of the installation, in particular the vehicle braking system, is not

plus assurée.more assured.

En déterminant la teneur en eau d'un liquide hy-  By determining the moisture content of a hy-

draulique par la mesure de la conductibilité ou de la résistance spécifique, cette conductibilité est prise en rapport avec celle du liquide hydraulique neuf et exempt d'eau De préférence on exécute en parallèle des mesures sur le liquide à examiner et sur le liquide de comparaison, ce qui permet d'en déduire directement la teneur en eau et par suite la fiabilité du système hydraulique On peut par exemple incorporer une telle installation dans un véhicule à moteur afin de contrôler la teneur en eau du liquide de frein grâce à une indication optique ou acoustique jusqu'à atteindre une valeur limite prédéterminée Mais lorsqu'on  by measuring the conductivity or the specific resistance, this conductivity is related to that of the new hydraulic fluid and is water-free. Measurements are preferably made in parallel on the liquid to be examined and on the comparison liquid, This makes it possible to directly deduce the water content and hence the reliability of the hydraulic system. For example, it is possible to incorporate such an installation in a motor vehicle in order to control the water content of the brake fluid by means of an optical indication or until reaching a predetermined limit value. But when

mesure des résistances de valeur élevée, de petites modi-  measurement of high value resistances, small changes

fications de résistance peuvent être couvertes par des erreurs de mesure et/ou du bruit, à moins que des conditions  resistance may be covered by measurement errors and / or noise, unless conditions

anormalement restrictives ne soient imposées à l'installa-  abnormally restrictive measures are imposed on the

tion de mesure Plus la résistance à mesurer est élevée, plus les exigences imposées à l'installation sont sévères et  The higher the resistance to be measured, the more stringent the requirements imposed on the installation.

par suite plus le coût de l'équipement est grand.  consequently, the cost of the equipment is greater.

L'invention vise à permettre en pratique, le contrôle du liquide hydraulique et en particulier du liquide de frein, par une détermination permanente ou périodique de la conductibilité et par suite de la teneur en eau Dans ce cas on a besoin d'une installation relativement simple et  The aim of the invention is to enable the control of the hydraulic fluid and in particular of the brake fluid in practice by a permanent or periodic determination of the conductivity and consequently of the water content. In this case, a relatively simple and

peu coûteuse pour déterminer la résistance du liquide hy-  inexpensive to determine the resistance of the liquid

draulique, en particulier du liquide de frein, présentant un ordre de grandeur 410 kfl/cm 35, au moins si la teneur en eau du liquide s'approche du domaine dangereux En général  hydraulics, in particular brake fluid, having an order of magnitude 410 kfl / cm 35, at least if the water content of the liquid approaches the hazardous area In general

cependant, les liquides hydrauliques du commerce, en parti-  however, commercial hydraulic fluids, particularly

f culier les liquides de frein, présentent des valeurs de résistance beaucoup plus élevées, de sorte que l'exigence d'une installation de mesure simple pour déterminer la teneur en eau est liée à l'abaissement de la résistance spécifique du liquide. Ainsi l'invention a-t-elle pour objet d'abaisser de façon importante la résistance spécifique du liquide hydraulique, et en particulier d'un liquide de frein, ou  Since the brake fluids have much higher resistance values, the requirement for a simple measuring system to determine the water content is related to the lowering of the specific liquid resistance. Thus, the object of the invention is to significantly lower the specific resistance of the hydraulic fluid, and in particular of a brake fluid, or

bien d'augmenter sa conductibilité d'une manière corres-  to increase its conductivity in a corre-

pondante.ponding.

Ce résultat est atteint, conformément à l'invention, grâce à l'addition, au liquide et à l'eau qui s'y trouve éventuellement, d'acides organiques carboxyliques ou de leurs sels ou d'éthanolamines solubles dans le liquide et  This result is achieved, in accordance with the invention, by the addition, to the liquid and to the water which may be present therein, of organic carboxylic acids or of their salts or of ethanolamines soluble in the liquid and

dans l'eau éventuellement présente, avec formation d'ions.  in any water present, with formation of ions.

Donc on ajoute au liquide hydraulique une substance pouvant se dissocier en solution avec formation d'ions, qui possède,  So we add to the hydraulic fluid a dissociable substance in solution with formation of ions, which possesses,

aussi bien dans le liquide sans eau que dans l'eau, une so-  both in the liquid without water and in the water, a solution

lubilité suffisante.sufficient lubility.

La relation entre la résistance spécifique d'un liquide hydraulique (en ordonnées) et la teneur en eau  The relation between the specific resistance of a hydraulic fluid (on the ordinate) and the water content

(en abscisses), sans et avec l'additif de la présente in-  (as abscissa), with and without the additive of the present

vention, ressort de la figure 2 On voit d'après ce diagramme que la résistance du liquide hydraulique, sans l'additif de l'invention, est bien supérieure à 10 k C l/cm 3 pour une teneur en eau de 1 à 2 %, considérée comme le maximum admissible pour des raisons de sécurité, de sorte qu'on peut avoir des mesures inexactes dans les conditions habituelles  According to this diagram, the resistance of the hydraulic liquid, without the additive of the invention, is much greater than 10 kC l / cm 3 for a water content of 1 to 2 %, considered the maximum permissible for security reasons, so that inaccurate measurements can be made under the usual conditions

de maintenance et de fonctionnement d'un véhicule à moteur.  maintenance and operation of a motor vehicle.

Mais, grâ ce à l'additif selon l'invention, avec la même teneur en eau de 1 à 2 %, la résistance est fortement abaissée, c'est-à-dire à moins de 10 k -/cm 3, ce qui fait que des mesures exactes peuvent être effectuées avec des  But, thanks to the additive according to the invention, with the same water content of 1 to 2%, the resistance is strongly lowered, that is to say less than 10 k - / cm 3, which exact measurements can be made with

moyens simples.simple means.

Or on a constaté de façon inattendue que des substances particulières, en fait des acides organiques et leurs sels, produisent, pour autant qu'ils possèdent  Now it has been unexpectedly found that particular substances, in fact organic acids and their salts, produce, so far as they possess

25120552512055

la solubilité nécessaire, une élévation particulièrement  the necessary solubility, a particularly elevated

forte de la conductibilité des fluides hydrauliques.  strong conductivity of hydraulic fluids.

Comme acides carboxyliques ou leurs sels à employer selon l'invention il peut s'agir d'acides aliphatiques mono ou polycarboxyliques et hydroxycarboxyliques tels que l'acide lactique, l'acide citrique et éventuellement aussi des sels solubles de l'acide tartrique On peut  The carboxylic acids or their salts to be used according to the invention may be mono or polycarboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic aliphatic acids such as lactic acid, citric acid and optionally also soluble salts of tartaric acid.

également utiliser des acides aromatiques mono et dicarbo-  also use aromatic mono and dicarboxylic acids

xyliques et hydroxycarboxyliques tels que l'acide sali-  xyl and hydroxycarboxylic acids such as salic acid

cylique ou l'acide 2,5-dihydroxy-benizolque et ses sels pour obtenir l'effet souhaité Diverses éthanolamines ainsi  cyclic or 2,5-dihydroxy-benizolc acid and its salts to achieve the desired effect Various ethanolamines and

que le (thio)-acétamide peuvent être également utilisés.  that (thio) -acetamide can also be used.

Les sels de l'acide salicylique, en particulier le salicylate de sodium, se sont révélés particulièrement appropriés, tandis que le benzoate de sodium ne fournit pas des résultats nettement aussi bons, tout en produisant cependant une  Salicylic acid salts, particularly sodium salicylate, have been found to be particularly suitable, while sodium benzoate does not provide equally good results, yet produces

augmentation marquée de la conductibilité du liquide hy-  marked increase in the conductivity of the hy-

draulique. Il est particulièrement remarquable que grà ce aux additifs de l'invention la conductibilité du liquide hydraulique n'est pas augmentée d'une quantité déterminée indépendamment de la teneur en eau c'est-à-dire que par exemple sur la figure 2 on obtient, en dessous de la courbe, du liquide hydraulique sans additif, une ligne sensiblement parallèle, mais la conductibilité s'élève rapidement, ce qui  draulic. It is particularly remarkable that, thanks to the additives of the invention, the conductivity of the hydraulic liquid is not increased by a quantity determined independently of the water content, that is to say that, for example, in FIG. below the curve, hydraulic fluid without additive, a substantially parallel line, but the conductivity rises rapidly, which

est illustré par l'exemple ci-après et par la figure 3.  is illustrated by the example below and by Figure 3.

Cet effet des additifs selon l'invention est extrêmement surprenant, car il depasse de façon appréciable l'élévation  This effect of the additives according to the invention is extremely surprising, since it appreciably exceeds the elevation

usuelle de conductibilité produite par exemple par l'ad-  usual conductivity produced for example by the ad-

dition de sels dans des liquides aqueux.  addition of salts in aqueous liquids.

Les quantités à ajouter des matières employées conformément selonl'invention sont de l'ordre de grandeur de 0,5 à 2 % et de préférence comprises entre 0,8 et 1,5 %,  The amounts to be added of the materials used according to the invention are of the order of magnitude of 0.5 to 2% and preferably of between 0.8 and 1.5%,

rapportées au liquide hydraulique.relative to the hydraulic fluid.

On citera également, comme effet accessoire par-  Also, as a side effect,

ticulièrement intéressant du salicylate de sodium, que mal-  particularly interesting of sodium salicylate, that mal-

gré une teneur en eau de 2 O % du liquide hydraulique on peut  Due to the water content of 20% of the hydraulic fluid, it is possible to

largement empêcher la chute de son point d'ébullition.  largely prevent the fall of its boiling point.

6 25120556 2512055

ExempleExample

A un liquide de frein hydraulique tel que norma-  Has a hydraulic brake fluid such as normal

lement utilise pour des véhicules à moteur et connu sous la  used for motor vehicles and known as

marque "Castrol" on a ajouté 1 % de salicylate de sodium.  brand "Castrol" was added 1% sodium salicylate.

La conductibilité du "Castrol", sans l'additif de l'inven-  The conductivity of "Castrol", without the additive of the invention

tion, était, à l'état exempt d'eau, 0,5 /u S et, avec 2 % d'eau, 8/u S Si l'on ajoute du salicylate de sodium à ce liquide, la conductibilité s'élève alors avec O % d'eau  in the water-free state 0.5 / u S and, with 2% water, 8 / u S If sodium salicylate is added to this liquid, the conductivity rises then with O% water

à 10/u S et, avec 2 % d'eau, à 38 /p S environ (voir figure 3).  at 10 / uS and with 2% water at about 38 / pS (see Figure 3).

7 2512 G 557 2512 G 55

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS 1 Fluide hydraulique, en particulier liquide pour freins, à base d'huiles minérales, de polyglycols, d'éthers de polyglycols, de silicones ou de substances analogues et/ou de leurs mélanges avec les additifs usuels, carac-  1 Hydraulic fluid, in particular brake fluid, based on mineral oils, polyglycols, polyglycol ethers, silicones or similar substances and / or their mixtures with the usual additives, térisé en ce qu'il contient des acides organiques carbo-  it contains carbohydrate organic acids xyliques ou des sels de ceux-ci ou des éthanolamines,  xyls or salts thereof or ethanolamines, solubles dans le liquide et dans l'eau éventuellement pré-  soluble in the liquid and possibly in water sente avec formation d'ions.feels with ion formation. 2 Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient 0,5 à 2 %, de préférence  Hydraulic fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 0.5 to 2%, preferably 0,8 à 1,5 % de matières formant des ions.  0.8 to 1.5% of ion forming materials. 3 Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 1  Hydraulic fluid according to claim 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient, comme matière for-  or 2, characterized in that it contains, as mant des ions, un acide hydrocarboxylique aromatique ou  ion, an aromatic hydrocarboxylic acid or un de ses sels.one of its salts. 4 Fluide hydraulique selon la revendication 3,  Hydraulic fluid according to claim 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient du salicylate de sodium.  characterized in that it contains sodium salicylate.
FR8214927A 1981-09-03 1982-09-01 HYDRAULIC FLUID, PARTICULARLY FOR HYDRAULIC BRAKE Expired FR2512055B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813134954 DE3134954A1 (en) 1981-09-03 1981-09-03 HYDRAULIC FLUID, ESPECIALLY BRAKE FLUID

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7185699B2 (en) 2004-05-25 2007-03-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Water compatible hydraulic fluids
JP6714503B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2020-06-24 シェルルブリカンツジャパン株式会社 Lubricating oil composition for hydraulic actuator equipped with electronic control device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1079283A (en) * 1952-05-06 1954-11-29 Bataafsche Petroleum Lubricating oil compositions
FR1133514A (en) * 1954-06-21 1957-03-28 Bataafsche Petroleum Lubricating compositions
GB1055642A (en) * 1963-05-13 1967-01-18 Castrol Ltd Improvements in or relating to hydraulic fluids
FR1538702A (en) * 1966-08-26 1968-09-06 Monsanto Co Compositions of functional fluids exhibiting resistance to oxidation
EP0022701A1 (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-21 Union Carbide Corporation Improved poly(alkylene oxide) compositions containing a bridged dimer of a hydroxylsubstituted aromatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1079283A (en) * 1952-05-06 1954-11-29 Bataafsche Petroleum Lubricating oil compositions
FR1133514A (en) * 1954-06-21 1957-03-28 Bataafsche Petroleum Lubricating compositions
GB1055642A (en) * 1963-05-13 1967-01-18 Castrol Ltd Improvements in or relating to hydraulic fluids
FR1538702A (en) * 1966-08-26 1968-09-06 Monsanto Co Compositions of functional fluids exhibiting resistance to oxidation
EP0022701A1 (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-21 Union Carbide Corporation Improved poly(alkylene oxide) compositions containing a bridged dimer of a hydroxylsubstituted aromatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof

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DE3134954A1 (en) 1983-03-10
FR2512055B1 (en) 1986-12-12
GB2105365A (en) 1983-03-23

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