FR2490094A1 - Extra-corporeal blood circulation peristaltic pump - combines roller and low-vol. variable oscillatory helical pumps, with electric motor driven drum, in sequence - Google Patents

Extra-corporeal blood circulation peristaltic pump - combines roller and low-vol. variable oscillatory helical pumps, with electric motor driven drum, in sequence Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2490094A1
FR2490094A1 FR8019702A FR8019702A FR2490094A1 FR 2490094 A1 FR2490094 A1 FR 2490094A1 FR 8019702 A FR8019702 A FR 8019702A FR 8019702 A FR8019702 A FR 8019702A FR 2490094 A1 FR2490094 A1 FR 2490094A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
pump
blood circulation
drum
extra
conduit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
FR8019702A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Marie Denis Gay
Richard Louis Maurice Venet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to FR8019702A priority Critical patent/FR2490094A1/en
Priority to JP56502993A priority patent/JPS57501363A/ja
Priority to EP81902623A priority patent/EP0059743A1/en
Priority to PCT/FR1981/000117 priority patent/WO1982000956A1/en
Publication of FR2490094A1 publication Critical patent/FR2490094A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/12—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
    • F04B43/1253—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action by using two or more rollers as squeezing elements, the rollers moving on an arc of a circle during squeezing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/247—Positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/253—Positive displacement blood pumps including a displacement member directly acting on the blood
    • A61M60/268—Positive displacement blood pumps including a displacement member directly acting on the blood the displacement member being flexible, e.g. membranes, diaphragms or bladders
    • A61M60/279—Peristaltic pumps, e.g. roller pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/104—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body
    • A61M60/109—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/50—Details relating to control
    • A61M60/508—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation
    • A61M60/562—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation for making blood flow pulsatile in blood pumps that do not intrinsically create pulsatile flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/845—Constructional details other than related to driving of extracorporeal blood pumps
    • A61M60/851—Valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/104—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body
    • A61M60/109—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems
    • A61M60/113—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems in other functional devices, e.g. dialysers or heart-lung machines

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

A flexible conduit (1) of internal dia. about 10 mm is shaped into a semicircle (2) over a length where it is compressed periodically by rollers (3) revolving at the ends of arms (4), which extend radially from an axis (5) through the centre of the semicircle. The conduit continues into a spiral (7) wound at least once around a drum (6) which it enters and leaves axially. The frequency of oscillatory partial rotations of the drum gives rise to pulsatile flow in the conduit, and is determined by the speed of revolution of a crank (9) connected by a rod (8) to one end of the drum. The amplitude of oscillation may be varied by lengthening or shortening of the crank by an electrical screw jack (10). A flow rate corresp. to the diastolic pressure can be maintained with a non-return valve (11) in the conduit on the output side of the helical pump.

Description

La présente invention est relative à une pompe destinée, notamment, à assurer la circulation sanguine extra-corporelle lors d'une intervention chirurgicale sur le coeur du patient par exemple. The present invention relates to a pump intended, in particular, to ensure extra-corporeal blood circulation during a surgical intervention on the patient's heart for example.

En l'état actuel de la technique, on utilise une pompe à galets. Une telle pompe est constituée par une canalisation souple, dans laquelle la circulation sanguine du patient est dérivée et par des galets,situés à l'extrémité de bras rotatifs, qui écrasent successivement ledit tube dont une portion de la longueur est disposée selon un arc de cercle dont le centre est situé sur llaxe de rotation desdits bras. In the current state of the art, a roller pump is used. Such a pump is constituted by a flexible pipe, in which the patient's blood circulation is bypassed and by rollers, situated at the end of rotary arms, which successively crush said tube, a portion of the length of which is arranged in an arc of circle whose center is located on the axis of rotation of said arms.

Une telle pompe présente un débit qui est sensiblement égal à celui fourni par un coeur normal.Cependant, la pression du fluide délivré par 1 a pompe est à peine égale à celle de la pression diastolique. Such a pump has a flow rate which is substantially equal to that supplied by a normal heart. However, the pressure of the fluid delivered by the pump is barely equal to that of the diastolic pressure.

Il serait possible d'augmenter la pression en augmentant le débit mais cette solution doit être écartée car,alors, on obtiendrait une hémolyse importante, c 'est-à-dire une destruction des globules rouges. It would be possible to increase the pressure by increasing the flow rate but this solution must be discarded because, then, one would obtain a significant hemolysis, that is to say a destruction of the red blood cells.

En effet, dans les vaisseaux du corps humain, les hématies circulent au centre desdits vaisseaux protégées par une gaine de plasma qui est plus ou moins détruite lorsque le tube souple est écrasé par les galets et, pour éviter la destruction des hématies, la vitesse de rotation de la pompe ne peut pas atteindre une valeur élevée. In fact, in the vessels of the human body, the red cells circulate in the center of the said vessels protected by a plasma sheath which is more or less destroyed when the flexible tube is crushed by the rollers and, to avoid the destruction of the red cells, the speed of pump rotation cannot reach a high value.

De ce fait, la pression d'une telle pompe est toujours insuffisante pour assurer une bonne irrigation des vaisseaux. Therefore, the pressure of such a pump is still insufficient to ensure proper irrigation of the vessels.

Par ailleurs, une telle pompe assure un débit pratiquement continu alors que la circulation sanguine présente un débit ayant une caractéristique pulsée. Furthermore, such a pump ensures a practically continuous flow while the blood circulation has a flow having a pulsed characteristic.

Il en résulte que si ces pompes peuvent être utilisées sans dangers majeurs pour le malade durant un temps très court, celui d'une intervention chirurgi cale par exemple, elles ne peuvent pas être employées pour réaliser une assistance continue. As a result, if these pumps can be used without major dangers for the patient for a very short time, that of a surgical intervention for example, they cannot be used to provide continuous assistance.

On connaît aussi une pompe qui peut être dénommée "pompe hélicoïdale " constituée dans sa forme la plus simple par une canalisation enroulée de façon à former une spire hélicoïdale pivotant autour de son axe alternativement dans un sens et dans llautre,l'entrée et la sortie de la pompe s'étendant selon ledit axe. There is also known a pump which can be called "helical pump" constituted in its simplest form by a pipe wound so as to form a helical turn pivoting about its axis alternately in one direction and in the other, the inlet and outlet of the pump extending along said axis.

Il ressort des études mathématiques effectuées sur une telle pompe qu'elle permet d'obtenir une pression élevée mais avec un débit très faible. It emerges from the mathematical studies carried out on such a pump that it makes it possible to obtain a high pressure but with a very low flow rate.

De ce fait, cette pompe ne peut pas être utilisée pour assurer une circulation sanguine extra-corporelle. As a result, this pump cannot be used to provide extra-bodily blood circulation.

En effet, si elle permet d'atteindre facilement une pression égale à celle de la pression systolique le débit maximal reste très inférieur au débit diastolique.Indeed, if it allows to easily reach a pressure equal to that of the systolic pressure the maximum flow remains much lower than the diastolic flow.

Techniquement, il serait possible d'augmenter le débit de cette pompe en augmentant soit le nombre de spires soit la section de la canalisation la constituant mais,ce faisant, on augmenterait de façon importante le volume interne de la pompe ce qui nécessiterait l'apport d'un volume correspondant de sang étranger ce qui test, en général, pas compatible avec les besoins physiologiques du malade. Technically, it would be possible to increase the flow rate of this pump by increasing either the number of turns or the section of the pipe constituting it, but in doing so, the internal volume of the pump would be significantly increased, which would require the contribution of a corresponding volume of foreign blood which tests, in general, not compatible with the physiological needs of the patient.

Il ressort des explications ci-dessus qu'aucune des pompes connues n'est apte à reproduire les caractéristiques de la circulation sanguine ni les variations de celle-ci. It emerges from the above explanations that none of the known pumps is capable of reproducing the characteristics of the blood circulation or the variations thereof.

La pompe de l'invention, qui remédie à ces inconvénients, est constituée par l'association d'une pompe à galets et d'une pompe hélicoïdale, le flux sanguin traversant d'abord la pompe à galets. The pump of the invention, which overcomes these drawbacks, is constituted by the association of a roller pump and a helical pump, the blood flow first passing through the roller pump.

Cette association procure un résultat surprenant et imprévisible à savoir que seules les qualités intrinsèques de chaque type de pompe sont réunies dans la pompe de l'invention alors que les défauts rédhibi toires ont disparu. This association provides a surprising and unpredictable result, namely that only the intrinsic qualities of each type of pump are combined in the pump of the invention while the crippling defects have disappeared.

t1 expérimentation a montré que la pompe de llinven- tion présentait un débit et une pression pouvant varier entre les valeurs usuelles propres à une circulation sanguine normale et,ce, sans réaliser une hémolyse intempestive ni nécessiter l1apport d'un sang étranger en raison du faible volume interne de la pompe. Experimentation has shown that the invention pump has a flow rate and a pressure which can vary between the usual values specific to normal blood circulation, without carrying out untimely hemolysis or requiring the supply of foreign blood due to the low internal volume of the pump.

Sur le dessin annexé à titre d'exemple indicatif seulement
La figure 1 est une vue schématique, en perspective, d'une pompe conforme à l'invention
La figure 2 est une vue à plus grande échelle du détail A de la figure 1;
En se reportant au dessin, on voit que la pompe est constituée principalement par une canalisation 1 souple, présentant un diamètre intérieur d'environ dix millimètres.On the attached drawing as an example only
Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a pump according to the invention
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of detail A of Figure 1;
Referring to the drawing, it can be seen that the pump consists mainly of a flexible pipe 1, having an internal diameter of approximately ten millimeters.

Cette canalisation est maintenue selon un arc de cercle 2 et est soumise à l'action successive de galets 3 portés par des bras 4, le centre de l'arc de cercle étant situé sur llaxe 5 de rotation desdits bras,le tout constituant une pompe à galets usuelle. This pipe is maintained in a circular arc 2 and is subjected to the successive action of rollers 3 carried by arms 4, the center of the circular arc being located on the axis 5 of rotation of said arms, the whole constituting a pump. usual roller.

A la sortie de cette pompe à galets, la canalisation I s'enroule sur un tambour 6 de façon à constituer au moins une spire 7. Comme montré sur le dessin, la canalisation 1 pénètre dans le tambour 6 et en sort de facon à ce que son axe soit confondu avec celui dudit tambour. At the outlet of this roller pump, the pipe I is wound on a drum 6 so as to constitute at least one turn 7. As shown in the drawing, the pipe 1 enters the drum 6 and leaves it so that that its axis is coincident with that of said drum.

La spire 7 est animée,autour de son axe,d'un mouvement oscillant par l'entremise d'un dispositif biellemanivelle 8-9, l'ensemble 6 à 9 constituant une pompe hélicoïdale. The coil 7 is driven, around its axis, by an oscillating movement by means of a rod-crank device 8-9, the assembly 6 to 9 constituting a helical pump.

L'association qui vient d'être décrite permet de réaliser une circulation sanguine extra-corporelle dont les caractéristiques sont sensiblement identiques à celles produites par un coeur normal (pulsations,débit et pression).  The association which has just been described makes it possible to produce an extra-corporeal blood circulation the characteristics of which are substantially identical to those produced by a normal heart (pulsations, flow and pressure).

il faut noter que la pompe de l'invention permet, à tout instant, de faire varier l'une des trois caractéristiques ci-dessus. it should be noted that the pump of the invention makes it possible, at any time, to vary one of the three characteristics above.

Le débit peut varier en fonction de la vitesse de rotation des galets. The flow rate can vary depending on the speed of rotation of the rollers.

La pulsation dépend de la fréquence des oscillations du tambour 6, donc de la vitesse de rotation de la manivelle 9 qui peut être facilement réglée. The pulsation depends on the frequency of the oscillations of the drum 6, therefore on the speed of rotation of the crank 9 which can be easily adjusted.

La pression varie en fonction de l'amplitude des oscillations qui dépendent de la longueur a de la manivelle 9. Pour faire varier cette longueur, on peut utiliser,comme montré sur la figure 1, un vérin électrique 10. The pressure varies as a function of the amplitude of the oscillations which depend on the length a of the crank 9. To vary this length, an electric actuator 10 can be used, as shown in FIG. 1.

La pompe qui vient d'être décrite permet de réaliser une circulation sanguine dont le débit pulsé varie entre une valeur nulle et une valeur maximale. The pump which has just been described makes it possible to produce a blood circulation whose pulsed flow varies between a zero value and a maximum value.

Dans la réalité, la valeur du débit sanguin n'est jamais nulle mais se maintient à une certaine valeur qui est le débit diastolique. In reality, the value of blood flow is never zero but is maintained at a certain value which is the diastolic flow.

L'expérience a montré qu'il était possible de maintenir un débit diastolique en montant un clapet anti-retour 11, à la sortie de la pompe. Experience has shown that it is possible to maintain a diastolic flow by mounting a non-return valve 11, at the outlet of the pump.

Selon un mode de réalisation,ce clapet est constitué par un tube souple,aplati, dont les deux parois sont normalement en contact l'une avec l'autre (figure 2). According to one embodiment, this valve is constituted by a flexible tube, flattened, the two walls of which are normally in contact with one another (FIG. 2).

il résulte des explications ci-dessus que la pompe de l'invention peut être utilisée pour réaliser une assistance circulatoire continue.  It follows from the above explanations that the pump of the invention can be used to provide continuous circulatory assistance.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS I-Pompe destinée,notamment, à assurer la circulation sanguine extra-corporelle,caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée par l'association d'une pompe à galets et d'une pompe hélicoïdale à mouvement circulaire alternatif, le fluide , à activer, traversant d'abord la pompe à galets. I-Pump intended, in particular, to ensure extra-bodily blood circulation, characterized in that it is constituted by the association of a roller pump and a helical pump with alternating circular motion, the fluid, to be activated , first passing through the roller pump. 2-Pompe selon la revendication 1,caractérisée en ce que le débit, la pression et les pulsations sont réglables :le débit étant fonction de la vitesse de la pompe à galets, la pression dépendant de l'amplitude des oscillations de la pompe hélicoïdale et les pulsations variant selon la fréquence desdites oscillations. 2-pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow rate, the pressure and the pulsations are adjustable: the flow rate being a function of the speed of the roller pump, the pressure depending on the amplitude of the oscillations of the helical pump and the pulsations varying according to the frequency of said oscillations. 3-Pompe, selon chacune des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce qu'un clapet anti-retour est disposé sur la canalisation de sortie de la pompe.  3-Pump, according to each of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a non-return valve is disposed on the outlet pipe of the pump.
FR8019702A 1980-09-12 1980-09-12 Extra-corporeal blood circulation peristaltic pump - combines roller and low-vol. variable oscillatory helical pumps, with electric motor driven drum, in sequence Withdrawn FR2490094A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8019702A FR2490094A1 (en) 1980-09-12 1980-09-12 Extra-corporeal blood circulation peristaltic pump - combines roller and low-vol. variable oscillatory helical pumps, with electric motor driven drum, in sequence
JP56502993A JPS57501363A (en) 1980-09-12 1981-09-11
EP81902623A EP0059743A1 (en) 1980-09-12 1981-09-11 Pump intended to provide blood circulation
PCT/FR1981/000117 WO1982000956A1 (en) 1980-09-12 1981-09-11 Pump intended to provide blood circulation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8019702A FR2490094A1 (en) 1980-09-12 1980-09-12 Extra-corporeal blood circulation peristaltic pump - combines roller and low-vol. variable oscillatory helical pumps, with electric motor driven drum, in sequence

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2490094A1 true FR2490094A1 (en) 1982-03-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR8019702A Withdrawn FR2490094A1 (en) 1980-09-12 1980-09-12 Extra-corporeal blood circulation peristaltic pump - combines roller and low-vol. variable oscillatory helical pumps, with electric motor driven drum, in sequence

Country Status (1)

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FR (1) FR2490094A1 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955557A (en) * 1973-10-01 1976-05-11 Hiroyuki Takagi Blood pump for use in an artificial heart or such purpose

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955557A (en) * 1973-10-01 1976-05-11 Hiroyuki Takagi Blood pump for use in an artificial heart or such purpose

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