FR2474072A1 - DOUBLING SUPPORT FOR TUFTING CARPETS - Google Patents

Abstract

A PARALLEL STRUCTURE WITH CROSS-COVERING IS ESTABLISHED WITH THE HELP OF FILAMENTS AND GROUPS OF FILAMENTS. THE INDIVIDUAL FILAMENTS C AND THE FILAMENT GROUPS A AND B ARE OVERLAPPED AND OVERLAP AT POINTS E, OR A BINDER IS ADDED. WE CAN THUS CONSTITUTE, FOR A WEIGHT GIVEN TO M, A STRUCTURE WHICH CAN VARY THE PERMEABILITY TO AIR AND THE RESISTANCE. THIS STRUCTURE IS USED AS A LINING SUPPORT FOR CUT VELVET CARPETS OR LOOP CARPETS FOR EXAMPLE.

Description

The present.inyention relates to a dubbing backing material for

  tufted carpets (Tufting) consisting of a non-woven made from filaments: or groups of polyester filaments, The back of the tufted carpets is generally made of an elastomeric foam or a textile material that is designates as a dubbing medium. The object of this dubbing support is on the one hand to give the tufted carpets a better stability and on the other hand consists in the realization O10 of a combination of surfaces-good sliding, when the carpet equipped with this support of The lining is placed on a foam underpad, which must have a layer of textile material with a sliding surface. Only in this way is it guaranteed that,

  in the case of a pose going from one wall to another, the deformations

  tions of the two layers' which appear because of the passage or any other use do not form waves: residual, which could compromise the appearance and possibly also constitute

a risk for users.

  With regard to the materials used so far

  for dubbing supports, it is still mainly

  which, in addition to the functions described above,

  above, still give the tufted rug the appearance of a classic woven rug. The burlap certainly fulfills the most important requirements from the point of view of dimensional stability and

  the increase in resistance that the weakening

  of the primary tufted support from the penetration

  the needle, and also partially fulfills the requirement for the slip characteristic on the underpad; but it also has significant disadvantages. Thus, burlap is very often the only non-synthetic component of the entire carpet construction and thus gives a point of non-resistance to decay.

  in 'this layer can easily be. develop micro-

  organisms, such as: bacteria and: cha.mpegnonsq which compromises

  It is a natural product which is only available in limited quantities. Another major disadvantage of the jute liner is its high weight per square meter of more than 20.0 g / m2

  that must be used to obtain the necessary characteristics.

  One of the objects of inventi'on consists. also to develop

  doubling brackets of a weight per square meter -less. high.

  Recently, it has been sought to develop a polypropylene lining support. Woven fabrics and nonwovens have been used for this purpose. The disadvantage of the polypropylene article as

  dubbing medium is first and foremost its insufficient thermal stability.

  health. Under the action of high temperatures, these articles have a tendency to shrink, which leads to the finished carpet comprising this backing support. -an effect of the himetal type and

  to a resulting ripple. In addition, there appear to be problems

  adhesion when rolling with the raw carpet. In. In rolling, synthetic lattices are generally used both for knotting the knots on the first tufted support, for stabilizing, and as adhering mass for rolling with the doubling support. The polypropylene weave gave here a

  adhesion too weak with the lattice, used for gluing.

  Different variants must then be chosen, for example a perforation of the nonwoven or the use of yarns in the polypropylene woven products. Here also, however, the connection with

the raw carpet is defective.

  The object of the invention is to develop a carpet-tufted backing material which has the necessary mechanical and thermal stability and a lower weight per square meter as well as good adhesion.

  temperature, with the raw carpet ,.

  This object is achieved by means of a nonwoven made of filaments or groups of polyester filaments and / or copolyesters known per se. The material for supporting

  doubling according to the invention is characterized by the means that the non

  woven contains filaments and groups; de.filaments. In a parallel and cross-over structure, with a coefficient of variation of separation of the fitments of more than 100%, it is particularly advantageous that the material of the backing support has a coefficient of variation of separation of the filaments from At least 120% nonwovens made of filaments and groups of cross-textured and parallel-textured filaments are described in US-PS 35 54 854. The filaments and groups of filaments are arranged substantially parallel to each other. the other, it being specified that there are a large number of groups that come to overlap each other and are linked to

10 crossing.

  According to the invention, it is possible to act on the porosity and the bonding of the doubling support by the separation rate of the

  filaments. The polyester filament backing reinforcement

  cross-lapped parallel structure has a significant stability

  high strength, very good resistance characteristics, a remarkable adhesion on the carpet: tufted and a remarkable appearance. This goal, which had not been achieved so far, is now achieved in the dubbing support according to the invention by the means, that the polyester threads are spun in groups or extracted together or unwound together and are then deposited together to to form a non-woven fabric with parallel structure with crossed overlap. It is here that one can act as one wishes on the porosity. A flat structure of good characteristics is obtained

lift-off.

  The porosity of the nonwoven is obtained firstly thanks to. Group spinning of the polyester filaments according to US-PS 35 54 854, it is possible to act as desired on the

  porosity, for a weight per square meter gives, depending on the percentage

  and the rate of filament parallelization. in the. groups.

  This avoids the need to obtain subsequently, due to the subsequent stitching, corresponding to the current state of the art, a favorable surface structure for bonding. For a given weight per square meter, an increase in the bundling of filaments to form groups of filaments

  means an increase in the porosity of the plane structure.

  Grace. in assembling the nonwoven from groups of filaments, it is possible to play on the porosity and thus on the gluing characteristics according to each time the number of individual filaments that are -reduced-to constitute groups :, the porosity obtained thanks to enyisaged bundling ensures good penetration of the adhesives used in

  rolling. This means that the doubling backing in filaments.

  continuous-polyester, with the enylsized rate of-setting. in parallel with

  groups of filaments distributed in the dispersed texture gives a

  - remarkable adhesion for the. carpet-tuft- But one can also

  It is also possible to further facilitate bonding by using a nonwoven which is not only made from polyester filaments, for example polyethylene terephthalate, but a nonwoven blend made from spun copolyester filaments. In addition, it has been found that: during the rolling of the carpet, copolyester filaments have been significantly better for bonding than pure polyester filaments. The qualities. surface, from the point

  from the point of view of the adhesion of the nonwoven, are therefore appreciably

  Because of the simultaneous use of copolyester filaments, it is advisable to extrude filaments or filaments of copolyester, for example ethylene glycol,

  of terephthalic acid and adipic acid or butyl glycol,

  terephthalic acid and adipic acid or butylene glycol,

  of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.

  The dubbing support according to the invention can therefore, according to a preferred embodiment, be. from a nonwoven consisting of filaments or groups of continuous filaments,

  cross-over parallel texture, the groups of

  These are made from defined mixtures of polyester filaments and copolyester filaments known per se. The deposit of

  filaments: or groups of filaments: in structure parallel to.

  cross recovery, that is to say without preferential direction of the deposit of the fihers., gives also characteristics; of isotropic resistance that a porosity structure to. the request .. We get from this. makes an ideal material-reinforcement of the rug., Another preferred performance. non-woven backing support consists of compressing punctually or according to a. weft pigments, binders or combinations of pigments and binders. Then, not only does a geometric structure of the woven type be obtained, but also in addition a local compression which guarantees a determined porous structure. At compressed locations, the glue used during the rolling of the finished carpet penetrates less strongly than at neighboring locations, giving a certain suction effect and other adhesion characteristics. This gives, as described below, an air permeability defined, that is to say that with the aid of air permeability, we play on the surface coverage rate, on the one hand because of a defined rate of separation of filaments and on the other hand

due to local compression.

  Although it is preferred to deposit the backing material according to the invention as a cross-coated, parallel-texture nonwoven made of filaments and polyester filament groups using dies, it is also possible to achieve this cross-lapped parallel texture by extracting the filaments and groups of filaments from coils or cans and then depositing them cross-overlap. In order to manufacture the nonwoven lining support, it is possible in principle to use the usual methods of the spinning technique, provided that it is guaranteed to obtain the cross-lapped parallel texture described above. It's a device like the one that's described by

  example in US-PS 35 54 854 (Figure 2) which particularly

  This is a proof of this point of view. In this method, a row of neighboring dies are threaded, in groups, groups of son, which is brought, using guide channels, to a recovery carpet. The groups of threads are, according to the method

  air stretching used in spinning, both stretched and guided.

  A line of dies arranged next to each other are provided in a spinning block. FIG. 3 of USAPS 35 54 854 shows a spinning block of this type in groups of three spinning holes (] 06 in each case, three filaments being spun in this case. Spinning holes are also distinguished from other holes by its diameter, which allows to form parallel groups of filaments of different diameters. In the production of the material of the backing support according to the invention, it is possible to spin from the larger holes, for example the copolyester and from the holes more

  polyester, the groups of filaments which form the

  woven also distinguishing chemically in itself, the filaments which constitute the nonwoven mixture can also be

  distinguish physically as well as chemically.

  Upon arrival on the recovery mat, the

  non-woven is received in cross-lapped parallel texture.

  10. Here, the parallel running filaments are cross-lapped to form a nonwoven having no preferential direction. Naturally, it is also possible to build nonwovens made of a mixture having a desired porosity, consisting of a mixture of individual filaments and filaments grouped by two or three. This is obtained without difficulty thanks to the corresponding arrangement of the spinning holes in the dies in a suitable queue giving a

  individual arrangement or in two or three.

  When forming the nonwoven on a carpet of 2Q recovery with suction arranged from below, both in the

  spinning from dies, that in the case of the extrac-

  filaments from bobbins reels, the filaments are brought to the carpet recovery under the effect of air currents that pull and guide them. There is a mixture

  filaments and groups of filaments with formation of

  woven in the disorder in cross-lapped parallel texture.

  The non-woven in the cross-coated parallel texture disorder means in this case an isotropic deposition of the filaments and

  groups of filaments with filaments, which are partially

  parallel to each other, filed cross-overlap, without preferential direction of the deposit. Depending on the turbulence in the formation zone of the non-woven fabric, more and less mixing of the filaments and groups of filaments occurs. partial duplication of

  filaments constituting a group, so that in general

  woven fabric consists of a mixture of cross-lapped monofilaments with groups of two filaments,

  three filaments or multifilaments.

  The greater the depression under the carpet of recovery during the formation of the nonwoven, the more the filaments and filament groups are directly fixed in their position when they arrive on the carpet recovery and all the more strongly It retains the position given by the configuration of the spinning holes, that is to say that one can approach all the more of the desired mixture consisting of defined weight ratios, monofilaments with: groups of one, two or three filaments. With a weak suction in the zone of drafts, one gets in the zone of recovery a stronger turbulence and thus a -mixing more important as well as a more important doubling of

  groups to form monofilaments.

  The realization of the nonwoven according to the invention according to the patent DE-PS 22 40 437 (US-PS 39 75 224) has proved its worth for many uses. It is advantageous if, for example, a higher load of filaments of the aerodynamic extraction channel is desired, so that control of the

  beam formation. filaments-of the matrix and filaments

  linkages. The number of filaments that reach one cm of free area of the extraction channel section may suitably reach about 10 or more. After leaving the extraction channels, the groups of filaments or bundles of filaments are deposited in a cross-lapped parallel texture, that is to say that they deposit-coẻhe on a layer of filaments, or groups. of filaments with cross

  one on the other and one with respect to the other.

  After recovery by the recovery carpet, the non

  woven, in the case of a fixation by binding filaments, is fixed by means of a heat treatment under pressure for example to. using a heated grille. Preferably, but not necessarily, following the fixing by the calender, the nonwoven is printed with the aid of a point or fabric-shaped frame; in each case, this impression is made in such a way that the surface of the charge of pigments or binders does not appear on tomato, but that it is then necessary to play to obtain a certain porosity. thanks to this punctual impression or in a frame. In this way, it is possible to preserve unprinted sites having a higher porosity and a higher binding of binders during the subsequent mining with the tufted carpet. Beaming and / or spot printing of binders in the finished non-woven backing to obtain air-tightness of more than 30%, preferably more: 5.00 dm m I / sec, measured under a] 0depression of 0., 5 -nbar,

  As a result of this process, the printing

  The woven fabric is brought to a perforated drum where hot air is blown through the nonwoven for final fixation. The hot air is s. hissed from, .the inside of the perforated drum towards

  outside and through the non-woven stretched on the drum.

  In another example according to the invention, the non

  woven fabric consists of only one type of filaments, namely polyethylene terephthalate. Here anssi, the filaments or groups. filaments running parallel are deposited from -20. way to. to form a cross-overlapped parallel texture, which means that the filaments, and groups of filaments are deposited in successive layers intersecting one with respect to

  the other. In this case, it occurs, through

  killed by two or three or more filaments placed in parallel, on the conveyor belt, at the crossover of the filaments and groups of filaments. successive layers-, Ce

  non-woven is then fixed thanks to. the scatter pattern printing

  binder, which may optionally contain pigments, which means that the filaments are locally bonded, Between the locations of the bonds obtained by compression, the nonwoven remains more porous and more absorbent than the printed locations and This makes it possible to obtain, during rolling for the end of the carpet, low adhesion characteristics. Here again, the porosity, measured by the above-mentioned air permeability, is used. The nonwoven according to the invention, manufactured according to the preceding method, consists of filaments deposited in cross-coated parallel texture. with groups of filaments which are constantly changing and which are also deposited without order. The cross-coated parallel texture thus obtained is characterized by a high coefficient of variation of filament separation, which indicates the importance of bundling. This specific structure acts in two ways: on the one hand, the high number of filaments per unit area, provides the strength characteristics and the mechanical characteristics necessary for the material; on the other hand, the choice of the paralleling rate of the filaments makes it possible to modify the porosity that is desired for the bonding of the doubling support to the tufted carpet. get and define yourself by measuring the coefficient of variation

separation of the filaments.

  The definition of the coefficient of variation of filament separation is based on the measurement of the distance between

  the different filaments of the nonwoven and on the calculation of the coef-

  It is possible to measure fine nonwovens directly up to a thickness of about 0.15 lmm. With regard to thicker materials, it is necessary to use a process of duplication which does not risk modifying the position of the fibers. This can be obtained for loose or non-bonded materials, which are generally included the nonwovens according to the invention, by direct delamination, for bound materials; more strongly, it is advisable to coat them first in a suitable material and then to split them into a layer of

  thickness of about 100 microns using a microtome.

  The measure itself can be carried out at best directly

  under a microscope with a magnification of 50 and equipped with a micrometer. We measure the distance of the. filaments respectively placed. parallel one to. the other according to the two principal directions (longitudinally and transversely) and according to the two diagonal directions which cut the main directions along an axis of + 45 °.

  which with the directions..xespects an angle of 0 + 2.

  The disatance of the two filaments; is the distance of the edges that limit

  the image of the filaments in the same direction. The number of filament-measured distances must be for each sample of at least 200, but preferably about 400. For this measurement, the image of the filaments is divided with a straight line according to the direction to be measured and account is taken of. distances, filaments which form with this

right an angle of 90 + 2.

  The coefficient of variation of the separation of the filaments is characterized by the formula:

VFS X. (%)

  o VFS is the coefficient of variation of the separation of filaments

  ments, S the standard deviation of the set measured (x -) 2

S = / _

  n-1 Xi represents the respective individual value of the distance of the filaments, n the number of measurements: and x the mean distance of the filaments. In addition to the possibility of changing the aforementioned parameters of permeability to. air and filament separation, weight per m also appears as a functional feature. For weights lower than 40 g / m, it was possible to obtain the air permeability necessary to. using a sufficiently high overpressure but. the necessary reinforcement of the finished carpet was insufficient. For weights greater than 150 g / m it was possible to achieve by playing conyenably on the separation of the filaments and the formation of grpupes.as also high mechanical strengths, a good bonding playing on a suitable porosity, measured by the permeability . the air. However, with 3 peas greater than 5 gm 2, the support materials with a tendency to weight greater than 150 g / m 2, the dowel supports tend to be split by strokes, which must be avoided in all cases. In this way, according to the invention, the weight of 40 g / m to 350 g / m 2 is preferably used.

  Other characteristics and advantages of invention.

  tion will be better understood by reading the description which will

  follow of an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: the figure] -shows in schematic representation the

  parallel texture and cross-lapping requested according to the invention.

  For the filaments and groups of filaments, the cross-points of the filaments are recognized. c or groups of filaments a and b. For weights identical to the m, a bundling or paralleling of the filaments and groups of

  filaments is translated between: crossing points by spaces

  These intermediates or larger pores. These pores or intermediate spaces influence the bonding characteristics of the

dubbing support material.

  Figure 2 is a stereo shot of a non

  woven in the texture with parallel texture and crossed overlap. There is an isotropic formation of filaments and groups of filaments with filaments running partly parallel and overlapping, without direction

preferential deposit.

  Figure 3 shows a schematic representation

  for the manufacture of the backing material according to the invention

  As an alternative to the spinning process according to US-PS 54 854. The filaments or bundles of filaments are extracted

  bobbins or cans and are stacked crosswise.

  A reel creel a is disposed above a recovery carpet f. From this creel we extracted bundles of wire b using

  of aerodynamic tractors and, using a

  oscillating positive d, they are assembled on the recovery band f in the form of a mat built to. from bundles of continuous filaments. This carpet also shows filaments and groups of filaments in cross-coated parallel texture according to FIG. 1. Fastening is done here using binding filaments which are added to the mixture or by subsequent addition of binders, for example by impregnation. or printing. The pore structure is then adjusted by extracting and depositing from different coils arranged one behind the other: a) groups of yarns of different types b) which are for example built from 1, 2, c3 or more monofilaments. FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a nonwoven material according to the invention with texture parallel to

  cross recovery. Monofilaments c and filament groups

  items a and b are visible as well as compressed sites e.

  The compressed sites contain an additional binder,

for example a polyacrylate.

  The following examples serve to explain the

  riau carpet support according to the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

  ] 5 It was developed on a device similar to that shown in Figure 2 of US-PS 35 54 854. Each

  die had two different types of bores, which were respec--

  linked to one of two distribution systems for polymer baths. The bores were arranged in groups as we

  see it in Figure 3 of this patent description so

  that permanently two bores of the group A and a bore of the group -.

  B constituted a provision uniting them close to each other. The bores of group A had a diameter of 0.3 mm, those of group A a bore of 0.5 mm. The filaments were then conducted in an air blowing duct provided on its longitudinal sides with air slots through which the exhaust air flowed. Between the die and the air-blowing duct, the ambient air passed freely. The filaments extracted by the air flows were stretched and cooled and the nonwoven was deposited on a perforated band running under them.

  air flow ducts. It appeared then a structure.

  similar to the one shown in the figure], where the groups of filaments crossed and ran in a direction that did not have a relationship with the direction of advancement of

  the perforated band and the material thus formed.

  (The Group A dies were combined in a polyethylene terephthalate bath and those in the B group in the bath

  a copolyester of terephthalic acid and butylene glycol.

  The nonwoven thus formed was guided in a calender heated to 145 C and then fixed in a circulating oven

of air at 195 C.

  The nonwoven thus produced had the characteristics

  following ticks: Weight per square meter g / m2 50 Thickness mm 0.24 Maximum tensile strength N / 5 cm in length 107 crosswise 98 Maximum elongation at tensile Z in length 38 across 38 Air permeability under 0 , 5 mbar dm3 / m 2 / s 1950

  According to the microscopic study, the material exhibited the parallel overlapping texture. When

  measuring the coefficient of variation of the separation of

  ments, a value of 138% was obtained.

  The nonwoven was used as a support for

  hlage in the sense that it was laminated on a 5/64 "printed carpet, 54 points / 10 cm, carpet that had been coated on the back with a latex dispersion of about 700 g / m2 Good impregnation and good adhesion of the

dubbing support.

EXAMPLE 2

  30. It was obtained on a device according to the patent

DT-PS 22 40 437.

  For the manufacture of the nonwoven, a spinning installation consisting of two longitudinally-shaped dies located one with the other was used. Each sector was

  fed into a polymer bath by an extruder via

  of a gear pump used as a dosing pump.

  The die A was used to manufacture the matrix threads and had 64 bores with a capillary diameter of 0.3 mm, the length of the capillaries being 0.75 mm. The bores

  were arranged in two rows over a length of 280 mm.

  The B. sector was used for the manufacture of

  linkage and included 32 bores, also of a capillary diameter

  0.3 mm and a capillary length of 0.75 mm. The

  bores were arranged in a line over a length of 280 mm.

  The son obtained were blown under the die over a length of 150 mu transversely to their direction of travel and then guided by a protective well to an extraction member

  aerodynamic. As extraction member, an injection was used

  flat-shaped, with a width of 300 Tm and an inlet slot depth of 4 mm. Under the extraction injector,

  found an endless band of sieving wire cloth.

  Matrix threads and. Bonding yarns mixed in an extraction injector are deposited, with suction of the entrainment air, to form a non-woven filament in the disorder. This is the speed of advancement of the deposit strip

  which defines the weight per square meter of the nonwoven.

  As a result of the contact of the two groups of

  fragment formation occurs, so that the filaments are extracted in groups of variable importance and are deposited in parallel overlapping textures.

cross.

  As raw material for the matrix yarns, polyethylene terephthalate was used as the raw material for the yarns, a terephthalic acid copolyester (77 mol%) of adipic acid (23 mole%) was used. and ethylene glycol. The mass ratio of the matrix yarns

  and bonding wires amounted to 80/2%. The speed of listening

  Air was regulated in the exhaust injector at

16 00.m / minute.

  The unwoven filament nonwoven was extracted from the endless belt and continued with a pressing device consisting of two heated metal rollers. The

  two rolls were preheated to 1200C. The crack between the roua-

  The water was set at. 0.4 m. The nonwoven was pressed and prefixed. The nonwoven filament in the disorder thus pressed was then fed to a second fixture. In principle this apparatus consisted of a stretched endless screen cloth

under a perforated drum.

  Between the surface of the perforated drum and the sieving cloth which surrounded it, the non-woven of filaments in the disorder passed to the state fixed flat due to the hot air which

  crossed it. The air temperature was adjusted to 2250C.

  The flat structure thus manufactured was then removed in

  end of the fixture and wound on rollers.

  The nonwoven obtained had a parallel texture

  cross-overlap liner as seen in Fig. 2. The coefficient of variation of separation of the filaments was 134% and the nonwoven exhibited the following characteristics Weight per square meter (g / min) 70 Thickness mm 0.32 Maximum strength tensile strength N / 5 cm lengthwise 156 crosswise 142 maximum elongation under tension% in length 42 crosswise 42 3 2 air permeability at 0.5 mbar / dm / m / s 1500 This nonwoven was printed with a plastic dispersion paste containing pigment and used as a dubbing support. For this reason, it was laminated on a 1/16 "cut velvet carpet with a latex dispersion.

  on the back of the carpet at a density of 900 g / m 2.

  the dubbing support was good.

  The air permeability reached, in the state

printed, 830 dm 3 / m 2.

  To get a good collage feature

  and good adhesion to the carpet, it appeared that the permeation

  The air permeability of the non-woven fabric made of filaments to cross-coated parallel texture filament groups, measured in accordance with DIN 53887 for an overpressure of 0.5 nbar, had to be greater than 300 dm 3 / m2 / s. Particularly advantageous are the materials which have an air permeability greater than

500 dB? / M2 / s.

EXECUTIVE 3

  A polyester filament yarn of a total type of 167 dtex for 68 filaments (2.5 dtex filament title) was extracted. from the creel with a two-rolls deliverer and brought to injectors

  the outlet mouth was equipped with a diffuser.

  butterfly which operated the fanning of the filaments.

  Ten such installations were arranged over a width of one meter. The filaments thus arranged in fan and

  which also constituted groups with a varying number of

  filaments were placed on a sieve strip to

  stow a non-woven, with suction of the deposition zone from underneath. The nonwoven thus obtained was pressed into a calender at 180 ° C. and then printed with a dispersion of an acrylate-based binder to give a rod-like structure. The fiber weight was 80 g / m2, the binder supply was g / m2 so that the finished nonwoven had a weight per meter

square of 90 g / m.

  Its physical characteristics were:

Thickness mm -

  0.30 Maximum Resistance Elongation in Belt Permeability at Coefficient of Carpet after

latex.

  ima to tensile lengthwise N 190 through 183 long% - 63 through% 63 air under 0.5 mbar dm3 / m2 / s 560 filament separation variation 162 The nonwoven exhibited a very good adhesion over being Of course, these modifications can be made by those skilled in the art to the devices and methods which

  have been described only as non-limitative examples.

  without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

  Tufting medium for non-woven tufted carpets (Tufting), characterized in that the nonwoven consists of filaments and / or groups of polyester filaments and / or copolyester known per se, deposited to form a texture parallel overlap and having a coefficient of   filament separation variation of at least 100%.   2. doubling support according to claim 1, characterized in that the coefficient of variation of separation   filaments reach at least 120%.   3. Dubbing stand according to any one of   claims I or 2, characterized in that the nonwoven   has an air permeability of at least 300 and preferably at least 500 dm 3 / m 2 / second, measured under an overpressure of 0.5 mbar.   4. Dubbing media according to any one of   Claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the nonwoven   contains copolyester filaments for the manufacture of which   adipic acid was used as the modifying component.   5. Dubbing media according to any one of   Claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the nonwoven   contains copolyester filaments for the manufacture of which   isophthalic acid was used as a modification component.   tion. 6. Dubbing support according to any one of   Claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the nonwoven   contains copolyester filaments for the manufacture of which   butylene glycol was used as the modifying component.   7. Dubbing media according to any one of   Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the filaments and   groups of filaments contain areas of pigments and / or binders printed to form a weft and which give the nonwovens a variable density 8. Dubbing support according to any one of   Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a weight per square meter to 150 g / m2.