FR2471268A1 - High duty fibre reinforced plastic fibres - are vibrated, impregnated, conveyed, doctored, heated and cross-fed to laminating processes - Google Patents

Abstract

Fibre reinforced plastics components are produced from crosslinking/polymerising etc. resins contg. reinforcements, fillers, hardeners, accelerators or sensitisers, by winding, centrifuging and/or drawing, pref. moving the material vertically to a processing line, consolidating, forming into profiled sections, and curing. all known fibres can be used, singly or combined, drawn from reels, mixed with binder pref. by rollers or impregnators, guided, freed from excess binder, and formed into shape and solidified. Surface-sensitive fibres, and carbon fibre in partic. are vibrated without touching each other by air or gas pulses and carried over rollers those to impregnate >=1 other type of fibre (e.g. glass), the angle of wrap round the rollers of the carbon fibres is pref. 0-45 degrees. The impregnated guided or doctored fibres then pass through spring-loaded or similar squeeze or guide rollers, >=1 type of fibres is moved in cross-directions and >=1 other type of fibre is moved similarly but at an angle to the first fibres. The fibres pass to the point for processing in single or multiple layers and are formed into a (pref.) four-dimensioned composite product by a (pref.) continuously vhf heating device. System produces carbon type or mixed fibre laminated article with the fibres unimpaired and therefore with hitherto unattainable high mechanical strengths. There is effective fibre wetting, no blisters, min. friction between fibres and rollers, min. wastage of fibres.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a device for manufacturing reinforced objects using fibers of crosslinkable plastic materials, in particular polymerizable, polycondensable or crosslinkable by polyaddition as matrix material or binder in particular in resins with one or more several double bonds, preferably in unsaturated resins such as polyester, polyurethane, acrylic resin or also epoxy resin or the like, which contain reinforcing fibers and / or fillers and / or dyes and / or hardeners and / or accelerators and / or sensitizers and which, after the winding, centrifugation or extrusion operation in a discontinuous or continuous manner, preferably in the vertical direction, are transported to a processing station and during this journey and / or in this position are closely linked and are preferably reinforced with profiles, such as hollow, solid or flat profiles, in particular for artic those of competitive sports, such as for example ski poles, racing canoes, skiffs, masts, oars, skis and the like, or for electrical engineering and electronics, mechanical engineering or the like.

 There are known methods and devices for horizontal and vertical winding, centrifugation and extrusion, operating in a discontinuous or continuous manner, using which objects armed with fibers of matrix material and fibers of different types are realized.

 The fibers or the strands of fibers, the strips of fibers or the like are extracted from suitable tanks, transported by means of impregnation devices and beyond to the transformation station and are intimately linked during this journey or in this post and are then preferably shaped into profiles, such as hollow, solid or flat profiles or tubes and then reinforced.

 As reinforcing fibers, all known fibers or threads are used, in the form of strands or strips, of fabrics or the like, for example made of glass, metal, boron, carbon, aramid, polyamide, asbestos or the like, also in combination. These fibers, threads, strands or the like are extracted from the abovementioned tanks, then brought into contact with the matrix material, preferably by means of rollers and / or oscillating and / or injection impregnation devices, possibly then brought , with a view to improving the impregnation and wetting operation, on crushing devices consisting of several rods or rollers and thus impregnated and wetted and then and / or then changed direction and / or combined .

Optionally, the excess matrix material is then or then removed and the desired object or the shaped profile by means of stamping dies or dies. The shaping of the object can also be carried out by placing reinforcement materials impregnated and wetted on winding mandrels or in centrifuge molds.

In order to increase the strength, the reinforcing materials can be placed at different angles, for example radially and / or axially and crossed on the surfaces of the mandrels or in the aforementioned molds.

It is also known, for the manufacture of the aforementioned objects, to use different fibers or types of fibers, called mixed laminated elements and to apply them at different angles to the aforementioned surfaces. Reinforcement is then carried out. This is done by adding hardeners and accelerators to the matrix material (cold hardening), by adding heat (hot hardening) or by adding sensitizers to the matrix material with subsequent irradiation of the shaped object or profiled by electromagnetic waves of determined wavelength, that is to say in the visible spectrum and here in particular in the range of ultraviolet and infrared.

 The use of mixed laminated elements has proven to be advantageous for increasing the strength.

 In the case where fibers with sensitive surface, in particular carbon fibers, alone or in the form of mixed laminated elements, must be transformed according to the aforementioned processes and with the aforementioned devices, in particular with the fiber guidance systems and d 'conventional impregnation, this is only possible at the cost of significant deterioration of the fibers or is ultimately impossible. These deteriorations of fibers already appear during transport on rollers or return rollers or during direct contact with the surfaces of rods or rollers of crushing devices, stamping dies, winding mandrels or the like and may lead to the destruction of the isolated or elementary fibers, which can be the cause of the rejection of the whole object.

 A transformation of these carbon fibers per se which are expensive, however having a resistance and a thermal stability of several powers of ten greater than all the other fibers, is for these abovementioned reasons neither significant nor efficient and therefore not technically and economically justifiable.

Added to this is that as a result of the aforementioned deterioration, the manufactured object has at most identical resistance values, but most of the time lower than when, instead of the above-mentioned expensive carbon fibers, fibers of cheap glass. The above considerations are valid, whether the objects are made only from or with carbon fibers, so that in the case of mixed elements with the use of carbon fibers, the other tge (s) of oefrres # voque (nt ) additional surface damage to carbon fiber.

For this reason, the transformation of mixed fibers with carbon fibers according to the abovementioned methods and devices is completely ineffective and should not be recommended.

 To this is added yet another drawback, because in the case of the processing of the above-mentioned fibers, in particular glass or polyamide fibers, with the devices described, in particular using extrusion devices or coiling, tensile esters appear which, in the case of mixed fibers consisting of two types of fibers (carbon fibers and the other fibers) once again have a harmful effect on the carbon fibers. In addition to these drawbacks, when feeding fibers, strands or the like under different feed angles, another drawback resides in the fact that with a view to achieving the different angles of fed or wound, fibers are subjected to additional changes of direction and thus to deterioration and to different tensile stresses which create in the fiber, in particular in the mixed fiber, different tensions, lowering the quality of wetting, additional bubbles being trapped in the mixed fiber, the resistance values being reduced and delamination phenomena appearing in the event of an overload, which can also lead to the destruction of the object.

 The object and object of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the aforementioned methods and devices and to provide a method and a device which give the manufactured object the high resistance values of carbon fibers, not only in the case the manufacture of objects made of pure fibers with a sensitive surface, but in particular in the case of the manufacture of objects made of mixed fibers with fibers with a sensitive surface mentioned above, but which, also in the case of mixed fibers, in addition to the high resistance values of carbon fibers, moreover exhibit the favorable properties of the mixed fibers used until now, that is to say thus present not only an addition of positive characteristic values, but a multiplication of these values to the advantage of properties of objects.

 Another object of the invention is to increase the quality of wetting and to avoid bubbles during impregnation and wetting, in particular at the matrix material / reinforcing fiber interface, thereby creating a better bond. and to substantially reduce the friction in particular between the fibers with sensitive surface or between their surfaces and the surfaces of the rollers and / or rods mentioned above, in particular during winding.

 It must also be obtained that the aforementioned effects are produced by minimal modification of conventional devices, so that with equal resistance, not only up to about 50% of material (matrix material and reinforcement material) are saved, but that also objects with technical properties not obtained hitherto (for example increased resistance to buckling or to shearing and bending, increased compression and / or tensile load (alternating load), increased temperature resistance, coefficient of appreciably higher elasticity, extremely low weight and wall thickness in the case of hollow profiles and the like) can be produced in substantially shorter times.

 It is also advantageous that thanks to the new process, which has not been possible hitherto with any other process, solid and hollow sections of glass fibers and mixed fibers can be produced on a single installation and that new fields of application for objects produced according to the aforementioned combinations of materials can be made accessible, for example, in the field of competitive sport, control and regulation technique, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and electronics, in the aeronautical and space industry, where very high physical (mechanical and thermal) -or chemical and similar properties are required.

 The aforementioned problem is, in the case of the method according to the invention, resolved by the fact that reinforcing fibers with a sensitive surface, in particular carbon fibers, for the purpose of impregnation and wetting, for the purpose of regulation tensile stress and friction reduction and the like, are first brought into mechanical oscillation without contact by means of air or gas pulses and then are transported via rollers of impregnation devices and / or preferably rotary rods of crushing devices, which are of larger diameter, preferably several times larger than the rollers and / or the rods of the impregnation and / or crushing devices also used for wetting and regulation of tensile stresses, reduction of friction and the like for at least one other type of fiber, for example for glass fibers, by the fact that the winding of surface sensitive fibers is effective carried out at an angle which is preferably smaller than that fixed for the other type of fiber, in particular less than 900, and preferably between 450 and 0 (tangent), and by the fact that thereafter the fibers or impregnated and wet analogs pass through cylinders or wiping and / or guiding nozzles, preferably made in an extensible or elastic manner, in particular profiled, for the purpose of prior profiling, direction storage and wiping of the excess matrix material, and then at least one type of fiber is firstly transferred in at least one, preferably in two or more crossed directions, and secondly at least one other type of fiber is displaced in at least one, preferably in two or more crossed directions, however with angles deviating from the first type of fiber towards a processing station for the object to be manufactured and / or along it one or more times in several layers and create from it at least one three-dimensional, preferably four-dimensional, fiber / matrix connection, preferably with simultaneous discontinuous heating, in particular continuous heating by radiant heating and / or irradiation devices by means of appropriate electromagnetic waves, particularly in the spectrum of light waves and here for example in the range of short and long wavelength ultraviolet rays.

The aforementioned problem is, in the case of the device according to the invention, resolved by the fact that the diameter of the rollers and / or of the rods of the roller impregnation and / or fulling devices for fibers with sensitive surface is at least 50 mm and the diameter for at least one other type of fiber less than 50 mm, in particular only amounts to part of this value, by the fact that the angle of winding on the rollers and / or the rods for the fibers with a sensitive surface is preferably less than that for the other type of fiber, in particular less than 900 and preferably between 450 and 0 (tangent), by the fact that the angle of supply of the fibers to the station processing for the other type of fiber is between 2 and 15, preferably between 3 and 70, by the fact that the angle of supply to the processing station for the other type of fiber deviates from the first type of fiber and is included between
0 and 20 or 15 to 90, preferably 0 or 900, by the fact that between the reservoirs and the impregnation devices are arranged several mechanical and / or pneumatic oscillators for the reinforcing material, in a number adapted to the reservoirs, and by the fact that near the transformer station is arranged at least one heating and / or irradiation device associated in particular with the different types of fibers and / or feed devices for the emission of heat and / or electromagnetic waves of appropriate wavelength and power.

The operation of the device for the manufacture of solid profiles is as follows
The fiber reinforcement materials extracted simultaneously and / or in suction from the reservoirs are impregnated with matrix or binder materials and transported, by means of change of direction rollers and / or cylinders and / or nozzles. 'wringing and / or guiding, in the desired direction, for example vertically, and are profiled during this movement and then hardened. Depending on the requirements, successively wound, for example radially, and / or obliquely on one or both sides (diagonally) of several fibers or strands of fiber on this profile made up of fibers or strands of fibers or vertical reinforcing materials or like reinforcing materials impregnated and wetted with matrix material. After the above winding has been put in place, the profiling and hardening are carried out. After the installation of the last winding, the object to be manufactured is preferably bandaged with a transparent sheet, then preferably smoothed superficially using a smoothing oscillator, then hardened and according to a continuous process, the profile fabricated is cut to the desired length. The operation of the device for the manufacture of hollow sections is the same as that for the manufacture of solid sections, with the difference however that the mandrels or winding shafts, coated with separating agent for the realization of the cavity of the profiled, are preferably brought in succession into the processing station for fibers or strands of fibers or the like transported by the cylinders and / or the guide nozzles and / or profiling devices. In this way, the fibers and / or the strands and the like are deposited on the mandrels or cores. Then, either the curing is carried out, or other layers are arranged on the first layer with subsequent curing and the like. Finally, the mandrel or the winding core is removed before cutting the profile.

 The advantage of the invention resides, in summary, in the fact that not only fibers with a sensitive surface, in particular carbon fibers, as reinforcing material, but also fibers mixed with surface-sensitive fibers can be processed without damage and the aforementioned properties of these fibers and fibers mixed with these fibers can be used optimally, which was not possible until now. In addition, thanks to the invention, new fields of application for these fibers and mixed fibers are made accessible, manufacturing times with simultaneous significant saving of material are considerably reduced and the product produced or the abovementioned object can, despite the very expensive carbon fibers, to be made significantly cheaper.

These advantages are decisive for a wide application of the aforementioned fibers and mixed fibers for constructions subject to high stresses, for example for ski poles, jumping poles, rotor blades for helicopters, turbine blades and even in the technique of rockets.

 The invention is explained below in detail using an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.

The figure shows a combined drawing and / or winding installation arranged vertically, in principle, for the discontinuous and continuous production of objects armed with fibers along one and / or more axes, in particular solid sections, preferably for the processing of surface sensitive fibers, in particular carbon fibers, and also mixed fibers consisting of the abovementioned fibers with at least one other type of fiber, for example glass fibers or aromatic polyamide fibers.

According to the figure, the device according to the invention consists of a fixed frame 6 and three other rotary frames 20a, 20b and 20c superimposed around a transformer station 10.

 In the frames 6, 20a, 20b and 20c are located in the upper part a number of tanks 7 (not shown in 20a, 20b and 20c in the figure) for the reinforcing material 1, 2a, 2b and 2c; mechanical or pneumatic oscillators or vibrators 8 associated with a middle part with the various reservoirs 7 and transmitting to the reinforcement material 1, 2a, 2b and 2c oscillations 3 acting directly or indirectly and mechanically and to a lower part with at least one, of preferably in the form of a crown, or with several impregnation devices 4, 4a, 4b and 4c in the form of a tank.

To the surface sensitive fibers, in particular to the carbon fibers 1, are associated, for the transmission of oscillations, without contact, several pneumatic oscillators or vibrators 8 with air or gas fittings 9 and with the other types of fibers 2a, 2b, 2c are associated either with oscillators 8, also pneumatic, or with mechanical oscillators directly coupled to the reinforcing metals. The pneumatic oscillators 8 are supplied by bubbles and / or suction air or intermittent gas jets, which are directed on the carbon fibers 1 and cause them to oscillate mechanically, preferably in chambers.

 Mechanical oscillators directly coupled to fibers of other types 2a, 2b and 2c consist of either rollers or pairs of vibrating rollers or vibrators, above or between which the fibers are transported and caused to oscillate mechanically, so as to achieve tensile stress regulation, completely bubble-free impregnation and wetting of the reinforcing fibers and a reduction in friction between the aforementioned rollers 3, 3a, 3b and 3c and the fibers 1, 2a, 2b and 2c already wetted by the matrix material 11.

 The rollers 3, 3a, 3b and 3c are mounted in stirrups, joined mechanically and possibly, connected for example by crosspieces to the associated frame 6, 20a, 20b and 20c.

The first roller 3> 3a, 3b and 3c arranged in the direction of transport of the fibers 1, 2a, 2b and 2c in each impregnation device 4, 4a, 4b and 4c may, in fact, be produced in the form of a vibrator, so as to favor the wetting operation.

 The impregnation devices 4, 4a, 4b and 4c are filled permanently or intermittently with matrix material or binder 11.

 On the impregnation devices 4, 4a, 4b and 4c near the transformer station are preferably placed by means of articulations, cylinders or nozzles 5 of wiping and / or guiding, pivoting and produced elastically, in particular sections, above which or between which the reinforcing fibers and / or the fibers 2a, 2b and 2c are transported to the transformer station 10.

 In addition, profiling devices 12 which can be moved towards and away from the transformer station and heating and / or irradiation devices 13 are arranged downstream of the impregnation devices 4, 4a, 4b and 4c in the direction of movement. .

 The profiling devices 12 are produced in the Figure in the form of profiled rollers for the manufacture of a circular profile, but they can also be profiled differently, depending on the requirements for the profile to be produced.

 The heating devices 13 can be conventional heating devices and the irradiation devices 13 are in particular radiation devices which emit electromagnetic waves, preferably in the spectrum of light waves and in particular in the short ultraviolet range. and long wavelength. In the case of the use of heating devices, the binder 11 must contain a hardener or an accelerator.

 If one operates with electromagnetic waves in the spectrum of light waves, the binder It must contain sensitizers.

 As carbon fibers 1 and also other types of fibers cannot or only partially pass through electromagnetic waves in the above range, a combination of heaters and radiators must be placed.

Between the impregnation device 4c and the lowest or last heating and / or irradiation device 13 in the direction of transport, is placed a bandage application device equipped with reserve coils 14 for the purpose of bilateral delivery of the bandage 15, which is also placed in a rotary frame not shown in the
Figure. Downstream of this bandage application device 14 is placed a smoothing oscillator 16 made up of several parts, which is adapted to the surface of the profile to be manufactured and surrounds it completely or by covering and / or whose parts, in the case of overlap, are vertically offset between them.

 It goes without saying that the oscillator parts can also be produced in the form of a stand-alone oscillator 16. This oscillator 16 preferably oscillates at a frequency greater than 16 KHz, preferably in the ultrasonic range at low amplitude, so to obtain a high surface quality and density (thin layer).

Downstream of the lowest or last heating and / or irradiation device 13, a chain extraction device 17 with adjustable speed and a cutting device 18 are preferably placed in order to cut the profiles or profiled objects 19 continuously fabricated and reinforced with fibers, devices which are also fixed in batiks not shown in the Figure
For the manufacture of an object 19 reinforced with fibers in the form of a full profile, the appropriate reinforcing fibers 1, 2a, 2b and 2c drawn from the tanks 7, are transported between or on the oscillators or vibrators pneumatic and / or mechanical 8 and then transported in the impregnation device 4, 4a, 4b and 4c, are guided on the corresponding rollers or rods 3, 3a, 3b and 3c, the cylinders or nozzles 5 and through the devices profiling 12 (which can be made in the form of elastic nozzles) and are profiled there and then hardened by the associated heating and / or irradiation device 13.

The chain extraction device 17 provides continuous transport, which is also adaptable to the speed of transport or production.

 During manufacture, the impregnation device 4 is stationary. The impregnation device 4a delivers, for example, glass fibers perpendicular to the transport device and rotates to the right around the processing station 18.

The impregnation device 4b for example delivers aromatic polyamide fibers obliquely to the left and turns to the left around the transformer station.

The impregnation device # 4c for example again delivers glass fibers or boron fibers or another type of fibers 2a, 2b or 2c obliquely to the right and turns to the right around the transformer station 10.

 The type of fiber 1, 2as 2b and 2c and its direction as well as the order of the fibers in the direction of or along or in the transformer station, are determined by the properties of the object 19 to be manufactured and must be adapted to these properties.

 It goes without saying that also articles made up only of another type of fiber 1 or of the type of fibers 1 and 2c or the like can be produced. Other combinations are also possible. In addition, the fibers 2a can be brought simultaneously in a second direction (shown in dotted lines in the Figure).

Also, if necessary, crushing devices can be placed between the impregnation devices 4, 4a, 4b and 4c and the cylinders or the nozzles 5. Such a requirement does not exist in the case of the application of oscillators 8 or vibrating rollers 3, 3a, 3b and 3c.

 If objects 19 reinforced with fibers are produced in the form of hollow profiles, mandrels or winding cores coated with a separating agent must be arranged in succession in the transformer station 10, in in particular between the fibers 1 and the rollers 5, which are transported by the entire device, and are again removed or extracted before cutting the hollow profiled objects 19. These mandrels or cores must also present the surface of the profile to be manufactured.

 It goes without saying that the traction speed and the rotation speed of the impregnation devices 4a, 4b and 4c and of the tape application device must be adjusted one after the other and adapted to the appropriate temperature and / or the power of the radiation.

 As the angle of supply or winding are influenced or determined by the speed of traction or transport or manufacturing, the speed of rotation must be adjusted on this and in particular be maximum in the case of brought perpendicular to the direction of transport.

It turned out that it is particularly advantageous and that the most favorable properties of the articles 19 are obtained, when the rollers 3 for the surface sensitive fibers are significantly larger than the rollers 3a, 3b and 3c for the other fibers. and when the rollers 3 have a diameter of at least 50 mm and when simultaneously the winding angle on the rollers 3 for the surface sensitive fibers is smaller than that for the other type of fiber and that this this is advantageously between 450 and 00.

When, in addition, the angle of supply of surface sensitive fibers is between 3 and 70 and the angle of supply to the processing station 10 for the other type of fiber deviates from it and rises by preferably at 0 or 900, the aforementioned particular properties of object 19 are achievable.

 With the device according to the invention, it is thus possible, not only to manufacture full or hollow sections drawn or rolled, but also from carbon fibers and in particular from laminated elements mixed with carbon fibers, the type and the manner of manufacturing being adaptable a priori to the load of the object.

Claims (9)

1. Method for manufacturing reinforced objects using fibers of crosslinkable plastics, in particular polymerizable, polycondensable or crosslinkable by polyaddition as matrix material or binder, in particular in resins with one or more double bonds , polyurethane, acrylic resin or also epoxy resin or the like, which contain reinforcing fibers and / or fillers and / or dyes and / or hardeners and / or accelerators and / or sensitizers and which, after winding, centrifuging or extrusion, discontinuous or continuous, preferably in the vertical direction, are transported to a processing station and / or to the station of the object to be manufactured and during this journey and / or in this station are intimately linked and are there and / or then preferably shaped into profiles, for example hollow, solid or flat profiles and are then reinforced, according to which as reinforcing materials are used. all known fibers or threads, also in the form of strands or bands, fabrics or the like, for example made of glass, metal, boron, carbon, aramid, polyamide, asbestos or the like, also in combination and the fibers and the like identical or different are extracted from stationary or mobile tanks, preferably rotary, then brought into contact with the matrix material, preferably by means of rollers and / or oscillating and / or injection impregnation devices, possibly impregnated and wetted with at least one of several crushing devices consisting of several rods and then and / or then changed direction and / or- joined together, possibly the excess matrix material is eliminated, and are shaped according to the shape of the object to be manufactured and reinforced, optionally by using winding cores, centrifugal or matrix molds or nozzles or the like, characterized in that reinforcing fibers superficially sensitive, in particular carbon fibers, with a view to impregnation and wetting, with a view to regulating tensile stresses and reduction of friction and the like, are first of all brought into mechanical oscillation without contact thanks to pulses of air or gas and then are transported via rollers of impregnating devices and / or preferably rotating rods of pressing machines, which are of larger diameter, preferably several times larger that the rollers and / or the rods of the impregnation and / or fulling devices also serving for wetting and regulating tensile stresses, reducing friction and the like for at least one other type of fiber, for example for glass fibers, by the fact that the winding of surface sensitive fibers is carried out at an angle which is preferably smaller than that fixed for the other type of fiber, in particular ier smaller than 900, and preferably between 450 and O0 (tangent), and by the fact that thereafter the fibers or the like, impregnated and wet, pass through cylinders or nozzles for spinning and / or guiding , preferably made in an extensible or elastic manner, in particular profiled, for the preliminary profiling, the change of direction and the wringing of the excess matrix material, and then at least one type of fiber is firstly transferred into at least one, preferably in two or more crossed directions, e on the other hand at least one other type of fiber - moved in at least one, preferably in two or more crossed directions, however with angles deviating of the first type of fiber, to a processing station for the object to be manufactured and / or the lon of this one or more times in several layers and thus create at least one fiber / matrix-braid three-dimensional connection , preferably four-dimensional the, preferably with discontinuous simultaneous heating, in particular continuous by means of heating and / or irradiation devices by radiating devices by means of suitable electromagnetic waves, in particular in the spectrum of light waves and here for example in the range of short and long wavelength ultraviolet rays. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that oscillations or mechanical vibrations, for example in the range between 10 Hz and 2 KHz, in particular at 50 Hz, preferably in at least one direction, in particular perpendicular to the surface, are applied to reinforcement materials which are still dry and / or to rollers and / or to Iguess all to the cores of coils, to centrifugal or matrix molds, nozzles or the like used for shaping and serving as devices pre-threading, during their feeding, their otpticn movement and / or shaping, with a view to regulating tensile stresses, your reinforcing materials, with a view to complete wetting and without bubbles of the reinforcing materials with the matrix materials and in life of the reduction in friction between the rollers and / or the rods and the surface of the reinforcing material. 3. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the transport of fibers or reinforcing materials or matrix materials and / or shaping is carried out by means of flexible sheets, preferably transparent and the reinforcement s 'during irradiation of the aforementioned leaves.  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the smoothing of the surface of the object to be produced is carried out by at least one mechanical smoothing oscillator, which, during manufacture or during transport of the object, applies vibrations at a frequency between 50 Hz and 200 KHz and at an amplitude preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm on the object not yet reinforced, still in the gel state, directly or by means of a possibly transported or rotating sheet.  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the purpose of regulating the tensile stresses and complete wetting, the transmission of oscillations to the still dry reinforcement materials transported in the direction of the device impregnation (4; 4a; 4b; 4c) is carried out without contact by jets of bubbles or suction air or pulses of suitable intermittent gases at adjustable pressure and / or frequency, and / or by direct contact with the using appropriately adjusted mechanical oscillators or vibrators and / or by at least one, preferably the first impregnation roller (3; 3a; 3b; 3c) arranged in the impregnation device (4; 4a; 4b ; 4c) and causing preferably eccentric rotational movements.  6. Device for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the diameter of the rollers and / or of the rods (3; 3a; 3b; 3c) of the roller impregnation devices (4; 4a; 4b; 4c) and / or crushing for superficially sensitive fibers (1) is at least 50 mm or a multiple of this value and the diameter for at least one other type of fiber (2a; 2b; 2c) is less than 50 mm, in particular only part of this value, in that the winding angle on the rollers and / or the rods (3) for the surface-sensitive fibers (1) is preferably more small than that for the other type of fiber (2a - ~ 2b; 2c), in particular is smaller than 900 and preferably between 450 and 0 (tangent), in that the angle of supply of the fibers at transformer station (10) for a fiber type (1) is between 2 and 15, preferably between 3 and 70, in that the angle of supply to the transformer station (10) for the be type of fiber (2a; 2b; 2c) deviates from the first type of fiber (1) and is between 0 and 20 or between 15 and 900, preferably 0 or 900, in that between the reservoirs (7) and the impregnation devices (4 ; 4a; 4b 4c) are arranged several mechanical and / or pneumatic oscillators (8) corresponding to the number of tanks (7) for direct or indirect contact (without contact) with the reinforcing materials (1; 2a; 2b; 2c) and in that near the transformer station (10) is placed at least one heating or irradiation device - (13) associated in particular with the different types of fiber and / or with the feed devices sent from the emission of heat and / or electromagnetic waves of appropriate wavelength and power. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one roller and / or a rod (3; 3a; 3b; 3c) and / or the winding core used for shaping and / or the profiling device ( 12) produced in the form of a centrifuge, matrix or nozzle mold or the like is provided at least at one end with an unbalance for the generation of the above-mentioned mechanical oscillations or vibrations and / or is produced slightly oval and / or is coupled rigidly at least in a location suitable for mechanical oscillators.  8. Device according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that downstream of the bandage application device (14) equipped with band reserve coils (15) is disposed a smoothing oscillator (16), disposed around the object to be manufactured, in particular in several parts, preferably with partial oscillators offset with respect to each other in height and / or corresponding to the periphery and / or overlapping. 9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the contact surfaces of the rollers and / or rods (3; 3a; 3b 3c) and / or smoothing oscillators (16) are coated with a surface layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).